An expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of industrial explosive materials, and discloses a kind of swelling nitramine explosive oil phase material and its preparation method and application.The oil phase material is composed of fischer-tropsch synthesis solid wax, fischer-tropsch synthesis liquid wax and fischer-tropsch synthesis oil, without using petroleum products or adding additional additives, reducing the production of toxic gas after explosive explosion, and using green environmental protection.The preparation method of the oil phase material forms a uniform miscible oil phase material by simply melting and mixing the above components, which is simple, efficient and safe, and suitable for large-scale production.When the oil material is used to prepare swelling nitramine explosive, it can effectively wrap explosive components, improve the flowability of explosive powder, thereby improving the density of swelling nitramine explosive, making the explosive have better explosion performance and use safety;The prepared explosive does not produce sticky and caked phenomenon under the storage condition of higher temperature and humidity, and maintains good explosion performance, and has high practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial explosives materials, specifically to an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is a widely used powdered explosive in industrial blasting. It contains no high explosives or high-energy substances, possessing excellent explosive performance and high safety. Its preparation method mainly involves adding oil-phase materials and wood flour to expanded ammonium nitrate obtained by expanding ammonium nitrate in an aqueous solution. The oil-phase material is a crucial component of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, acting as both a sensitizer and a reducing agent participating in the redox reaction during detonation. In the mixed explosive, the oil-phase material uniformly coats and disperses on the surface of the oxidizer and ammonium nitrate particles, increasing the contact area and bonding degree, which is beneficial for the formation and acceleration of the explosive reaction. Under external energy, it facilitates the formation of local "hot spots" on the surface of the ammonium nitrate particles, thus replacing the sensitizer to achieve initiation. It also forms a coating layer between the ammonium nitrate particles, preventing stickiness and adhesion that could lead to deterioration of explosive performance and reduced safety. Therefore, the oil-phase material plays a vital role in the explosive performance and safety of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0003] Currently, the oil phase materials for expanded ammonium nitrate explosives are mostly derived from petroleum refining byproducts such as paraffin, petroleum jelly, ceresin, microcrystalline wax, or rosin. These materials have complex compositions and are significantly affected by the quality of crude oil, requiring refined processing to meet the technical requirements for explosive manufacturing, thus increasing production costs. When petroleum byproduct oil phase materials are used in the manufacture of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, they exhibit poor compatibility with ammonium nitrate. In high ambient temperatures or when exposed to moisture, the powder is prone to clumping, affecting the quality of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. Furthermore, the sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic impurities they contain can generate significant amounts of toxic gases, posing a considerable hazard. To achieve better performance and compatibility during use, additives such as sodium tridecylbenzene sulfonate are often added. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new oil phase material formulations to further improve the explosive performance and stability of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of existing expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase materials, such as powder sticking, high cost, low flash point, and toxicity after explosion. This invention provides an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, its preparation method, and its applications. This oil phase material is composed of Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax, and Fischer-Tropsch oil produced in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process from coal-to-oil. It eliminates the need for petroleum-based raw materials, improving the production stability of the oil phase material, reducing costs and environmental hazards. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional additives to improve the properties of the oil phase material, thus meeting the performance requirements of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives. This overcomes the problems of traditional oil phase materials, such as powder stickiness at high temperatures and humidity, low flash point, and excessive toxic gases after explosion. The preparation method of this oil phase material is achieved through simple melting and mixing. By designing and selecting solid waxes and liquid waxes with different physical properties and choosing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oils at different stages, the preparation method is simple and efficient. When this oil phase material is used to prepare expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, it can effectively avoid the formation of clumps, produce products with good explosive performance, high safety and stability, and less toxic gas after explosion, thus improving the performance of existing explosives.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an oil phase material for expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, which contains 18-78 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 0.4-3 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax and 20-80 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

[0006] Preferably, the oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive contains 28-48 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 1-2 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax and 50-70 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

[0007] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax is at least one of 45# refined solid wax, 52# refined solid wax, 60# refined solid wax, 70# refined solid wax, 80# refined solid wax and 90# refined solid wax.

[0008] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1#, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 2#, and heavy liquid wax 2#.

[0009] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is refined anti-corrosion oil and / or cracked anti-corrosion oil.

[0010] Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is a mixture of refined anti-corrosion oil and cracked anti-corrosion oil, and the mass ratio of the refined anti-corrosion oil to the cracked anti-corrosion oil is 0.25-6:1.

[0011] Preferably, the refined line-reducing oil is at least one of refined line-reducing first-line oil, refined line-reducing second-line oil, refined line-reducing third-line oil, and refined bottom-reducing oil.

[0012] Preferably, the cracking sub-line oil is at least one of cracking sub-line 1 oil, cracking sub-line 2 oil, cracking sub-line 3 oil, and cracking sub-bottom oil.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, the method comprising: subjecting Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil to a first heat treatment to completely melt the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, and then mixing the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil with the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax and the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax and subjecting the mixture to a second heat treatment.

[0014] Preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: a temperature of 50-60°C and a time of 8-35 minutes.

[0015] Preferably, the conditions for the second heat treatment include: a temperature of 90-100°C and a time of 20-70 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the conditions for the heat preservation treatment include: a temperature of 90-100℃ and a time of 0.5-1h.

[0017] A third aspect of the present invention provides an expanded ammonium nitrate explosive containing the aforementioned expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material.

[0018] The oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to this invention is made using Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax, and Fischer-Tropsch oil produced in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process from coal-to-oil. This eliminates the need for petroleum-based raw materials, overcoming the disadvantages of petroleum-based raw materials such as complex composition, high levels of sulfur and nitrogen impurities, and aromatic hydrocarbons. This improves the production stability of the oil phase material and reduces costs and environmental impact. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional additives to improve the properties of the oil phase material, meeting the performance requirements of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and preventing powder clumping at high temperatures and humidity, thus improving storage and detonation stability. The powdered expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared using this oil phase material has advantages such as a high flash point, low toxic gas emissions after detonation, good explosive performance, and high stability, making it suitable for industrial production.

[0019] According to the aforementioned method for preparing the oil phase material of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive as described in this invention, the oil phase material can be prepared by simply melting and mixing raw materials. By designing and selecting solid waxes and liquid waxes with different physical properties and choosing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oils at different stages, an oil phase material with suitable performance and uniform miscibility is obtained. The preparation method is simple and efficient, and suitable for standardized industrial production. By controlling the ratio of solid waxes and liquid waxes, the resulting oil phase material can have good fluidity, dropping melting point and large oil content, thereby improving the performance of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0022] This invention provides an oil phase material for expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, which contains 18-78 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 0.4-3 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax, and 20-80 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

[0023] In this invention, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis refers to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process from coal to oil. This process yields oils or waxes with low impurity content, and the Fischer-Tropsch waxes or oils obtained through different separation stages exhibit stable properties. Because no petroleum-based products are used as raw materials in the oil phase, the content of toxic gases after explosion due to sulfur and nitrogen impurities and aromatics is effectively reduced, making the explosives more environmentally friendly.

[0024] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material contains 28-68 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 0.5-2.5 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax, and 30-70 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil. More preferably, the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material contains 28-48 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 1-2 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax, and 50-70 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

[0025] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax is at least one of 45# refined solid wax, 52# refined solid wax, 60# refined solid wax, 70# refined solid wax, 80# refined solid wax, and 90# refined solid wax. More preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax is at least one of 45# refined solid wax, 52# refined solid wax, 60# refined solid wax, and 70# refined solid wax.

[0026] In the oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch solid wax is obtained by using coal-derived syngas as raw material, producing solid hydrocarbons through a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and then obtaining the wax through hydrorefining or hydrocracking and continuous vacuum molecular distillation. The melting point of the 45# refined wax is 42.3-44.8℃, and the distillation range is 113-513℃; the melting point of the 52# refined wax is 54.4-57.2℃, and the distillation range is 287-515℃; the melting point of the 60# refined wax is 67.5-69.4℃, and the distillation range is 364.5-629.5℃; and the melting point of the 70# refined wax is 76.5-78.0℃, and the distillation range is 420-580℃. In this invention, the selection of the above-mentioned solid waxes enables the oil phase material to have both good fluidity and viscosity, and to remain within a suitable melting point range. This prevents the prepared explosive powder from forming clumps when the ambient temperature rises, while also achieving good coating of ammonium nitrate particles, ensuring the flowability and stability of the explosive powder.

[0027] In the oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1#, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 2#, and heavy liquid wax 2#. Most preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1# and / or heavy liquid wax 2#. In the present invention, the above-mentioned Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax can improve the mixing degree between the raw materials of the oil phase material, make the components uniformly mixed, and prevent the powder from clumping and becoming sticky due to its own instability after the preparation of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, thereby improving the packing density and explosive performance.

[0028] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture obtained by hydrogenation and fractionation from the intermediate fraction produced by coal-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, with a distillation range of 220-360°C. Among them, the distillation range of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1# is 230-350°C, the distillation range of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 2# is 250-340°C, and the distillation range of heavy liquid wax 2# is 245-360°C. In the present invention, the above-mentioned Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is used to harmonize the compatibility between solid wax and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, and to adjust the overall fluidity of the oil phase material to facilitate the coating of explosive components.

[0029] In the oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is refined anti-linear oil and / or cracked anti-linear oil.

[0030] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is a mixture of refined anti-roasting oil and cracked anti-roasting oil, and the mass ratio of the refined anti-roasting oil to the cracked anti-roasting oil is 0.25-6:1. More preferably, the mass ratio of the refined anti-roasting oil to the cracked anti-roasting oil is 0.5-4:1. Most preferably, the mass ratio of the refined anti-roasting oil to the cracked anti-roasting oil is 0.8-2:1.

[0031] In this invention, the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil can be selected from synthetic oil obtained by hydrorefining or hydrocracking through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Compared with petroleum-based oils, it has fewer sulfur and nitrogen impurities and aromatics, and produces fewer toxic gases after explosion. As a liquid oil, it can significantly improve the kinematic viscosity of the oil phase material, giving the oil phase material a higher oil content, better encapsulating ammonium nitrate particles, and improving the flowability of explosive powder.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the refined base oil is a heavy component obtained by vacuum distillation after a series of separation and refining steps in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, with a distillation range of 260-700°C. The cracked anti-line oil and cracked base oil are obtained by vacuum distillation after a series of separation and refining steps in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, followed by cracking treatment. The cracked anti-line oil has a distillation range of 260-400°C, and the cracked base oil has a distillation range of 260-700°C. The base oils with these distillation ranges are more compatible with the raw materials of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis wax, resulting in a more stable oil phase material. This ensures the flowability of the explosive powder and makes the explosive components more tightly packed, increasing the explosive packing density and thus increasing the detonation velocity.

[0033] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the refined reducing oil is at least one of refined reducing oil 1, refined reducing oil 2, refined reducing oil 3, and refined reducing oil 4. More preferably, the refined reducing oil is at least one of refined reducing oil 2, refined reducing oil 3, and refined reducing oil 4.

[0034] In the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention, preferably, the cracked sub-linear oil is at least one of cracked sub-linear oil, cracked sub-linear oil, cracked sub-linear oil, and cracked sub-linear bottom oil. More preferably, the cracked sub-linear oil is at least one of cracked sub-linear oil, cracked sub-linear oil, and cracked sub-linear bottom oil.

[0035] The oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to the present invention is made from Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax and Fischer-Tropsch oil produced in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process of coal-to-oil, eliminating the need for petroleum-based raw materials. This overcomes the disadvantages of petroleum-based raw materials, such as complex composition, high levels of sulfur and nitrogen impurities and aromatics, improving the production stability of the oil phase material, and reducing costs and environmental hazards. Simultaneously, it meets the performance requirements of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives without the need for additional additives to improve the properties of the oil phase material, avoiding powder clumping at high temperatures and humidity, and improving the stability of storage and detonation performance. The sufficiently high oil content ensures detonation performance and allows the oil phase material to better coat the ammonium nitrate particles, increasing powder flowability and thus improving packing density, resulting in higher detonation velocity and safety.

[0036] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, the method comprising: subjecting Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil to a first heat treatment to completely melt the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, and then mixing the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil with the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax and the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax and subjecting it to a second heat treatment.

[0037] In the method of the present invention, preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: a temperature of 50-60°C and a time of 8-35 min. More preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: a temperature of 51-59°C and a time of 10-33 min. Most preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: a temperature of 52-58°C and a time of 12-30 min. In the present invention, the above conditions enable the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil to be fully melted and its viscosity reduced, so that it can be fully dispersed and blended with the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax after subsequent mixing.

[0038] In the method of the present invention, preferably, the conditions for the second heat treatment include: a temperature of 90-100°C and a time of 20-70 min. More preferably, the conditions for the second heat treatment include: a temperature of 91-99°C and a time of 25-65 min. Most preferably, the conditions for the second heat treatment include: a temperature of 92-98°C and a time of 30-60 min. In the present invention, the above-mentioned second heating conditions allow the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax to fully melt and become compatible with the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, forming a stable and homogeneous oil phase material.

[0039] In the method of the present invention, preferably, the heat preservation treatment conditions include: a temperature of 90-100°C and a time of 0.5-1 hour. More preferably, the heat preservation treatment conditions include: a temperature of 91-99°C and a time of 0.5-1 hour. Most preferably, the heat preservation treatment conditions include: a temperature of 92-98°C and a time of 0.5-1 hour. In the present invention, heat preservation treatment under the above conditions for a period of time can promote sufficient miscibility between Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, forming a stable and homogeneous oil phase material.

[0040] In the method of the present invention, preferably, the first and second heating treatments can be carried out in a reaction vessel while stirring. The reaction vessel is preferably made of stainless steel. The specific operation includes the following steps: the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is subjected to a first heating treatment while stirring to completely melt the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil; then the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax and the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax are added to the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil and subjected to a second heating treatment; then the resulting mixture is kept at a certain temperature; and finally the resulting product is cooled to room temperature.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the aforementioned expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) With a total mass of oil phase material of 100 parts by weight, 20-80 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil are added to a stainless steel reactor and stirred at 50-60°C at a rate of 100-400 r / min for 8-35 min until completely melted, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is refined anti-corrosion oil and / or cracked anti-corrosion oil. (2) Add 15-80 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch solid wax and 0.4-3.0 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax to the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, and then stir at 100-400 r / min at 90-100℃ until all the solids are melted and mixed evenly with the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil. Finally, keep warm at 90-100℃ for 20-70 min. The Fischer-Tropsch solid wax is at least one of 45# refined solid wax, 52# refined solid wax, 60# refined solid wax, 70# refined solid wax, 80# refined solid wax and 90# refined solid wax, and the Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax is at least one of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 1#, Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 2# and heavy liquid wax 2#.

[0043] According to the aforementioned method for preparing the oil phase material of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention, the preparation of the oil phase material can be completed by simply melting and mixing raw materials. By designing and selecting Fischer-Tropsch solid wax and Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax with different physical properties and selecting Fischer-Tropsch oil produced at different stages of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, an oil phase material with suitable kinematic viscosity and other properties and uniform miscibility is obtained. The preparation method is simple and efficient and suitable for standardized industrial production. By controlling the ratio of solid wax and liquid wax, the obtained oil phase material can have good fluidity, dropping melting point and large oil content, thereby improving the explosive performance and safety of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0044] This invention further provides the application of the aforementioned oil phase material for expanded ammonium nitrate explosives in the preparation of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives. The powdered expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared using this oil phase material has advantages such as a high flash point, low amount of toxic gas after detonation, good explosive performance, and high stability, which is beneficial for industrial production.

[0045] The following examples further illustrate the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material, its preparation method, and its application according to the present invention. The examples are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials used in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0047] Example 1 (1) Mix 20g of cracked triple oil and 45g of cracked bottom oil and add them to a stainless steel reactor. Stir at 300r / min at 55℃ for 30min until completely melted. (2) Add 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax, 11.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1# to the above-mentioned melted cracked bottom oil. Then stir at 300r / min at 95°C until all solids are melted and mixed evenly with the melted cracked bottom oil. Then keep it at 95°C for 60min. Finally, cool the resulting material to room temperature. The resulting oil phase material is denoted as A1.

[0048] Example 2 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), the mixture of 20g of cracked triple-oil and 45g of cracked bottom oil is replaced with 65g of refined triple-oil; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A2.

[0049] Example 3 The method of Example 1 is used, except that in step (1), the mixture of 20g cracked triple-oil and 45g cracked bottom oil is replaced with a mixture of 20g cracked double-oil and 45g refined triple-oil; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A3.

[0050] Example 4 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), the mixture of 20g cracked triple-oil and 45g cracked bottom oil is replaced with a mixture of 20g cracked triple-oil and 45g refined triple-oil; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A4.

[0051] Example 5 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), the 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax, 11.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 1# are replaced with 22g of 45# refined wax, 11.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 2#; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A5.

[0052] Example 6 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), the 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax, 11.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 1# are replaced with 11g of 45# refined wax, 22.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 1#; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A6.

[0053] Example 7 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), the 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax, 11.5g of 60# refined wax and 1.5g of Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax 1# are replaced with 33.5g of 45# refined wax; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A7.

[0054] Example 8 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), the 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax and 11.5g of 60# refined wax are replaced with 33.5g of 60# refined wax; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A8.

[0055] Example 9 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), the temperature is 50°C, the stirring rate is 400 r / min, and the time is 20 min; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A9.

[0056] Example 10 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), the temperature is 60°C, the stirring rate is 150 r / min, and the time is 10 min; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A10.

[0057] Example 11 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax and 11.5g of 60# refined wax are added and stirred at 400r / min at 90°C until all solids are melted and mixed evenly with the melted cracked base oil, and then kept at 90°C for 70min; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as A11.

[0058] Example 12 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that in step (2), 11g of 45# refined wax, 11g of 52# refined wax and 11.5g of 60# refined wax are added and stirred at 150r / min at 100℃ until all solids are melted and mixed evenly with the melted cracked base oil, and then kept at 100℃ for 30min; the resulting oil phase material is recorded as A12.

[0059] Comparative Example 1 The method of Example 1 was used, except that no Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax was added when preparing the oil phase material; the resulting oil phase material was denoted as D1.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 The method of Example 1 was used, except that no Fischer-Tropsch solid wax was added when preparing the oil phase material; the resulting oil phase material was denoted as D2.

[0061] Comparative Example 3 The method of Example 1 was used, except that no Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil was added when preparing the oil phase material; the resulting oil phase material was denoted as D3.

[0062] Comparative Example 4 Commercially available petroleum-based oil phase material (expanded explosive wax, Jinan Lianyi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as D4.

[0063] Comparative Example 5 The method of Example 1 is adopted, except that the amount of cracked base oil is changed to 30g, the amount of cracked triple-layer oil is 35g, the amount of 45# refined wax is 11g, the amount of 52# refined wax is 11g, the amount of 60# refined wax is 8.5g, and the amount of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1# is 4.5g. That is, the oil phase material is composed of 30% Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax, 4.5% Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax and 65% Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil; the resulting oil phase material is denoted as D5.

[0064] Test Example 1 The kinematic viscosity of the oil phase materials A1-A12 and D1-D5 obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was tested using an LVDV-2H digital display rotary high-temperature viscometer according to the national standard GB / T 265. The test conditions were 100℃. The dropping melting point of the above oil phase material was tested using a dropping melting point apparatus in accordance with the national standard GB / T 8026. The oil content of the above-mentioned oil phase material was tested using an oil content analyzer in accordance with the national standard GB / T 3554. The oil content refers to the proportion of oil components in the oil phase material. The flash point of the above oil phase material was tested using an open-cup flash point tester in accordance with the national standard GB / T 3536. The results of the above tests are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0065] As shown in Table 1, the expanded explosive oil phase material obtained by this invention, using Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil as raw materials, does not require the addition of additives to improve the physical properties of the oil phase material. It achieves the required kinematic viscosity, dropping melting point, oil content, and flash point. This allows the oil phase material of this invention to effectively coat the surface of ammonium nitrate particles when preparing powdered expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, which is beneficial for improving the flowability of the expanded explosive powder, resulting in a higher explosive packing density and better detonation performance. The raw materials used in the oil phase material of this invention, derived from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, contain fewer sulfur and nitrogen impurities and aromatics, making it more environmentally friendly after detonation. Compared to the samples in Comparative Examples 1-5, this oil phase material has a higher flash point and higher safety during use.

[0066] Test Example 2 Expanded ammonium nitrate explosives were prepared using the oil phase materials A1-A12 and D1-D5 obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and the explosive performance of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives was tested. The parameters of the explosive performance included the density of the explosive after loading, detonation velocity, sympathetic detonation distance, and the content of toxic gases after the explosion. The content of toxic gases refers to CO and NO. x , H2S and SO x The ratio of total volume to the mass of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive; the method for preparing expanded ammonium nitrate explosive includes the following steps: Taking the industrial production of 10 kg of powdered expanded explosive as an example, 8.5 kg of the aforementioned ammonium nitrate and 1 kg of the aforementioned urea are dissolved in 0.8 kg of water. Then, 0.55 kg of the aforementioned oil phase material is added to the resulting ammonium nitrate-urea mixed solution, and the temperature is raised to 120°C to form an oil-in-water dispersion system. The resulting dispersion system is then transferred to a vacuum tank with a pressure of -0.085 to -0.095 MPa for vacuum drying. Finally, the resulting solid is cooled and then loaded with explosive.

[0067] The test results are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0068] As shown in Table 2, the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared using the oil-phase material of this invention exhibits greater explosive density, higher detonation velocity, greater sympathetic detonation distance, and lower toxic gas content after detonation compared to the explosives prepared using the oil-phase materials of Comparative Examples 1-5. The oil-phase material prepared by this invention provides better coating of explosive component particles, resulting in better flowability of the expanded explosive powder and thus a higher explosive density. Consequently, it can generate a higher detonation velocity during detonation. The absence of any component of the oil-phase material of this invention or the failure to use the dosage ratio specified in this invention will lead to certain performance defects in the resulting oil-phase material. Compared to commercially available petroleum-based oil-phase materials, the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared using the oil-phase material of this invention exhibits significantly reduced toxic gas content and a greater sympathetic detonation distance, indicating that the oil-phase material of this invention significantly improves the safety of explosive use and is more environmentally friendly.

[0069] Test Example 3 Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive powder was prepared using the oil phase materials A1-A12 and D1-D5 obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-5, following the method of Test Example 2. The explosive powder was stored at an ambient temperature of 30-32°C and a humidity of 55-60%, and the state of the powder was observed daily. The number of storage days after the first appearance of clumps was recorded. The explosive performance of the explosive powder after the appearance of clumps was tested according to the method of Test Example 2. The test results are shown in Table 3. Table 3

[0070] As shown in Table 3, when stored at high ambient temperature and humidity (30-32℃, 55-60%), the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive prepared by the oil phase material of this invention did not exhibit clumping phenomenon for more than 45 days, and the powder could still maintain good flowability. Compared with commercially available petroleum-based material samples, it can maintain almost unchanged explosive performance after long-term storage, and the content of toxic gases hardly increases, indicating that it has long-term storage stability, which is beneficial to storage and transportation during use and has high practical application value.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oil phase material for expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, characterized in that, The oil phase material of this expanded ammonium nitrate explosive contains 18-78 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 0.4-3 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax and 20-80 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

2. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil phase material of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive contains 28-48 wt% Fischer-Tropsch solid wax, 1-2 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquid wax and 50-70 wt% Fischer-Tropsch oil.

3. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax is at least one of the following: 45# refined solid wax, 52# refined solid wax, 60# refined solid wax, 70# refined solid wax, 80# refined solid wax, and 90# refined solid wax.

4. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax is at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 1#, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax 2#, and heavy liquid wax.

5. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is refined anti-corrosive oil and / or cracked anti-corrosive oil.

6. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is a mixture of refined anti-corrosion oil and cracked anti-corrosion oil, and the mass ratio of the refined anti-corrosion oil to the cracked anti-corrosion oil is 0.25-6:

1.

7. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The refined line-reducing oil is at least one of refined line-reducing oil, refined line-reducing oil, refined line-reducing oil, and refined bottom line-reducing oil.

8. The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The cracking sub-line oil is at least one of cracking sub-line 1 oil, cracking sub-line 2 oil, cracking sub-line 3 oil, and cracking sub-bottom oil.

9. The method for preparing the oil phase material of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method includes: subjecting the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil to a first heat treatment to completely melt the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, then mixing the melted Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil with the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic solid wax and the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic liquid wax and subjecting the mixture to a second heat treatment, and then holding the resulting mixture at a temperature.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The conditions for the first heat treatment include: a temperature of 50-60°C and a time of 8-35 min; and / or The conditions for the second heat treatment include: a temperature of 90-100℃ and a time of 20-70 min; and / or The conditions for the heat preservation treatment include: a temperature of 90-100℃ and a time of 0.5-1h.

11. An expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, characterized in that, The expanded ammonium nitrate explosive contains the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase material as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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