Device for producing green aviation coal by fischer-tropsch synthesis

Abstract

The application provides a device for preparing green aviation fuel by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and relates to the technical field of green aviation fuel preparation.In the device, a gasification reactor is used to gasify provided biomass to generate crude coal gas; a partial oxidation reactor is used to synthesize the crude coal gas and low-carbon hydrocarbons into first synthesis gas; a medium-temperature shift system is used to perform medium-temperature shift on the first synthesis gas to first adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the first synthesis gas; a mixer is used to mix the first synthesis gas after the medium-temperature shift and supplemented hydrogen to second adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio of the first synthesis gas, so as to obtain second synthesis gas; a synthesis adjustment system is used to adjust the second synthesis gas; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is used to perform Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the adjusted second synthesis gas, so as to obtain a hydrocarbon mixture; a distillation system is used to perform distillation separation on the hydrocarbon mixture, so as to generate low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components; and a hydrogenation isomerization and cracking system is used to sequentially perform hydrogenation isomerization and cracking treatment on the heavy components generated by the distillation system, so as to obtain green aviation fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green aviation fuel preparation technology, and more specifically, to an apparatus for producing green aviation kerosene through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Background Technology

[0002] Low-carbon aviation fuel with a complete life cycle has become a major strategic need in the energy and transportation sectors. Biomass jet fuel, as a typical sustainable aviation fuel, has attracted much attention because it can directly replace traditional jet fuel and achieve near-zero carbon emissions.

[0003] Currently, in the upstream biomass gasification stage, untreated biomass is typically used for direct gasification, resulting in poor-quality syngas that severely restricts the efficiency and economy of downstream Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Specific problems are as follows:

[0004] (1) Existing biomass gasification has a high tar content, which seriously poisons the downstream catalyst. Its purification method is prone to equipment blockage and energy loss.

[0005] (2) The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the synthesis gas after direct purification of crude coal gas is usually low, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of efficient Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. If the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is adjusted by water-gas shift reaction in the system, a large amount of CO2 will be generated and effective carbon will be consumed.

[0006] (3) Biomass ash can cause slagging and catalyst contamination. Agricultural waste such as cotton stalks contain high levels of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as K, Na, and Ca), which are prone to forming low-melting-point eutectics in the high-temperature zone of the gasifier, leading to slagging inside the furnace and affecting stable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, this application provides an apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

[0008] This application provides an apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, comprising: a gasification reactor, a partial oxidation reactor, a medium-temperature shift converter, a mixer, a synthesis control system, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, a distillation system, and a hydroisomerization cracking system connected in sequence; the output of the distillation system is connected to the input of the partial oxidation reactor; wherein, the gasification reactor is used to gasify the provided biomass to produce crude coal gas; the partial oxidation reactor is used to synthesize the crude coal gas and low-carbon hydrocarbons produced by the distillation system into a first syngas; the medium-temperature shift converter is used to perform a medium-temperature shift conversion on the first syngas to produce green jet fuel for the first time. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio in the first syngas is adjusted; a mixer is used to mix the first syngas after intermediate-temperature conversion with supplemental hydrogen to further adjust the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the first syngas, resulting in the second syngas; a synthesis conditioning system is used to condition the second syngas; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is used to perform a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the conditioned second syngas to obtain a hydrocarbon mixture; a distillation system is used to distill and separate the hydrocarbon mixture to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components; a hydroisomerization cracking system is used to sequentially hydroisomerize and crack the heavy components produced by the distillation system to obtain green jet fuel.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, the apparatus further includes: a biomass feeding bin for providing biomass; and a pretreatment and modification system connected to the biomass feeding bin and the gasification reactor, respectively, for pretreating and modifying the biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin in sequence, and providing the modified biomass to the gasification reactor.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, the biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin includes cotton stalks, and the modification includes introducing additives into the cotton stalks to adjust the ash melting characteristics of the cotton stalks.

[0011] According to embodiments of this application, the gasification reactor includes one or more of a fixed-bed gasification reactor or a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, the apparatus further includes: an electrolysis water hydrogen production system connected to the input of the mixer for replenishing the mixer with hydrogen.

[0013] According to the embodiments of this application, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction uses a cobalt-based catalyst, the reaction temperature is 220°C to 240°C, and the pressure is 2.0 MPa to 2.5 MPa.

[0014] According to an embodiment of this application, the apparatus further includes: a green jet fuel storage tank connected to a hydroisomerization cracking system for storing green jet fuel.

[0015] According to an embodiment of this application, the synthesis control system includes: a purification system connected to a mixer for purifying a second synthesis gas; and a compressor connected to both the purification system and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor for compressing the purified second synthesis gas and sending the compressed second synthesis gas into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor.

[0016] According to embodiments of this application, the mixer includes any one or more of the following: a flow ratio control valve for controlling the ratio of the flow rate of the first syngas after intermediate temperature conversion to the flow rate of hydrogen; a pressure interlock for automatically cutting off the upstream gas source or triggering an alarm when the pressure in the mixer exceeds a preset threshold; and an online hydrogen analyzer for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen concentration in the second syngas.

[0017] According to an embodiment of this application, the apparatus further includes an energy integration network connected to the partial oxidation reactor and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, respectively, for recovering the sensible heat of the first synthesis gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor and the heat released by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, and converting them into steam or electricity.

[0018] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis provided in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) By using partial oxidation technology, the tar and methane produced by fixed bed gasification are efficiently and completely converted into first syngas, which not only eliminates the harm of tar to the system, but also greatly improves the total output of first syngas and carbon conversion efficiency.

[0020] (2) Through a three-stage strategy of partial oxidation, intermediate temperature conversion and precise green hydrogen replenishment, the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the first and second syngas can be flexibly and efficiently adjusted to the optimal range of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, reducing the carbon loss of CO2 generated in the system to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio, and directing more carbon atoms in biomass to the target product jet fuel. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates the structure of an apparatus for producing green jet fuel using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1-Biomass feeding silo; 2-Pretreatment and modification system; 3-Gasification reactor; 4-Partial oxidation reactor; 5-Medium temperature conversion system; 6-Electrolysis water hydrogen production system; 7-Mixer; 8-Purification system; 9-Compressor; 10-Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; 11-Distillation system; 12-Hydrogen isomerization cracking system; 13-Green jet fuel storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0026] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0027] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0028] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates the structure of an apparatus for producing green jet fuel using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in this embodiment includes: a gasification reactor 3, a partial oxidation reactor 4, a medium-temperature shift converter 5, a mixer 7, a synthesis control system, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, a distillation system 11, and a hydroisomerization cracking system 12 connected in sequence; the output of the distillation system 11 is connected to the input of the partial oxidation reactor 4; wherein, the gasification reactor 3 is used to gasify the provided biomass to produce crude coal gas; the partial oxidation reactor 4 is used to synthesize the crude coal gas and the low-carbon hydrocarbons produced by the distillation system 11 into a first synthesis gas;

[0030] The intermediate temperature conversion system 5 is used to perform intermediate temperature conversion on the first syngas to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the first syngas for the first time; the mixer 7 is used to mix the first syngas after intermediate temperature conversion with supplemented hydrogen to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio of the first syngas for the second time to obtain the second syngas.

[0031] The synthesis conditioning system is used to regulate the second synthesis gas. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10 is used to carry out the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the regulated second synthesis gas to obtain a hydrocarbon mixture. The distillation system 11 is used to distill and separate the hydrocarbon mixture to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components. The hydroisomerization cracking system 12 is used to sequentially hydroisomerize and crack the heavy components produced by the distillation system 11 to obtain green jet fuel.

[0032] For example, the partial oxidation reactor 4 can be a non-catalytic reactor lined with refractory material, and the operating temperature range of the partial oxidation reaction can be 1200℃~1400℃.

[0033] For example, the reaction temperature of the intermediate temperature conversion system 5 can be 300℃~400℃, and the intermediate temperature conversion can use an iron-chromium catalyst.

[0034] For example, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio in the second syngas can be 2:1 to 2.2:1. This allows for control of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio in the second syngas, preventing excessive hydrogenation side reactions caused by an excessively high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, reducing the generation of low-value methane, and directing more carbon resources towards the target aviation kerosene fraction.

[0035] Understandably, when biomass enters gasification reactor 3, it undergoes a gasification reaction under the action of a gasifying agent (such as oxygen, steam, or air) to generate crude coal gas containing impurities such as CO, H2, CO2, CH4, and tar. This crude coal gas, along with low-carbon hydrocarbons (such as C1-C4 light hydrocarbons) produced by distillation system 11, enters partial oxidation reactor 4. In partial oxidation reactor 4, the low-carbon hydrocarbons undergo a partial oxidation reforming reaction with oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas, converting into primary syngas, which is mainly composed of CO and H2. During this process, the byproduct low-carbon hydrocarbons are utilized to increase the total amount of primary syngas.

[0036] The first syngas exiting the partial oxidation reactor 4 then enters the intermediate-temperature shift converter 5. Under the action of a catalyst, a portion of the CO reacts with water vapor to produce CO2 and H2, raising the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the first syngas from a low value to an intermediate value. The first syngas after the intermediate-temperature shift is then fed into the mixer 7. In the mixer 7, the first syngas after the intermediate-temperature shift is mixed with supplemented hydrogen, achieving a secondary adjustment of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the first syngas, ultimately yielding the second syngas that meets the requirements of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Through flexible replenishment of hydrogen, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio can be precisely adjusted to the target value.

[0037] The second syngas, with its hydrogen-to-carbon ratio adjusted, enters the synthesis conditioning system. This system can remove excess CO2 from the second syngas using physical or chemical absorption methods, thus reducing its inert dilution effect and impact on subsequent reactions. It can also remove trace amounts of oxygen-containing compounds that may be present in the second syngas through adsorption or catalytic conversion.

[0038] The regulated second synthesis gas enters the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, where a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction occurs, producing a wide-range hydrocarbon mixture including alkanes and alkenes. The products of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (i.e., the hydrocarbon mixture) are sent to the distillation system 11 for rectification and separation. Based on their boiling points, the hydrocarbon mixture can be separated into low-carbon hydrocarbons (such as C1-C4 gases and naphtha fractions) and heavy components (such as diesel fractions and wax fractions). The low-carbon hydrocarbons are recycled back to the partial oxidation reactor 4 for reuse as feedstock.

[0039] Heavy components separated by distillation system 11 (such as C) 11+ Heavy hydrocarbons and waxes are fed into the hydroisomerization cracking system 12. In this system, the heavy components first undergo hydroisomerization with a catalyst to isomerize n-alkanes into isoalkanes, improving their low-temperature fluidity (e.g., lowering the freezing point); simultaneously, by controlling the cracking reaction, excessively long carbon chains are broken down to the carbon number range required for jet fuel (e.g., C8~C1). 16 After hydroisomerization and cracking, green jet fuel is obtained.

[0040] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, based on embodiments of this application, employs a stepped hydrogen-to-carbon ratio control strategy combining intermediate-temperature shift reaction and hydrogen supplementation. This avoids the problem of excessive water-gas shift reaction in pursuit of a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, reducing carbon conversion to CO2 and improving carbon resource utilization. Consequently, the lifecycle carbon emissions of the final product, green jet fuel, are significantly reduced. Low-carbon hydrocarbons separated from the distillation system are returned to the partial oxidation reactor for reforming or partial oxidation, converting them into syngas, thus achieving efficient recycling of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis byproducts.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, the apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis further includes: a biomass feeding silo 1 for providing biomass; and a pretreatment and modification system 2 connected to the biomass feeding silo 1 and the gasification reactor 3, respectively, for pretreating and modifying the biomass provided by the biomass feeding silo 1 in sequence, and providing the modified biomass to the gasification reactor 3.

[0042] For example, the biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin 1 can be renewable organic matter, including crop straw (such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw), forestry waste (such as sawdust, branches, bark), energy plants (such as switchgrass, miscanthus) or organic waste (such as sawdust, sugarcane bagasse), etc.

[0043] For example, the biomass feeding silo 1 can have a quantitative feeding function, which can transport biomass to the pretreatment and modification system 2 at a controllable rate.

[0044] For example, pretreatment may include drying, crushing, sieving, etc., to process biomass into particle sizes suitable for gasification.

[0045] For example, the pretreatment modification system 2 may include a drying oven, the temperature of which can be controlled at 120℃~150℃, and the drying time can be 2h~3h.

[0046] For example, modification can include baking and hydrothermal carbonization.

[0047] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to the embodiments of this application uses a biomass feeding silo and a pretreatment modification system to crush, dry and bake the biomass, thereby improving the energy density, grindability and gasification reactivity of the biomass, reducing the energy consumption and tar yield of the gasification process, and improving the yield and quality of crude gas.

[0048] In the embodiments of this application, the biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin 1 includes cotton stalks, and the modification includes introducing additives into the cotton stalks to adjust the ash melting characteristics of the cotton stalks.

[0049] To address the unique ash composition of cotton stalk raw materials (such as high alkali metal content, resulting in low ash melting point and easy slagging), the pretreatment modification system 2 can modify cotton stalks by introducing specific additives.

[0050] For example, additives can be kaolin, limestone, dolomite, or other minerals containing calcium, aluminum, or magnesium.

[0051] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to the embodiments of this application can change the chemical composition of cotton stalk ash by uniformly mixing the additive with cotton stalks, thereby increasing its ash melting temperature, preventing bed slagging and fluidization failure caused by ash melting in the gasification reactor, and ensuring long-term stable operation of the gasification process.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, the gasification reactor 3 includes one or more of a fixed-bed gasification reactor or a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor.

[0053] For example, the reaction temperature of a fixed-bed gasification reactor can be 700℃~900℃, while that of a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor can be 800℃~950℃.

[0054] For example, when processing biomass of moderate scale but with large and uniform particle size (such as cotton stalk pellets), a fixed-bed gasification reactor with either top or bottom suction can be used; when processing biomass of larger scale but with smaller particle size (such as cotton stalk fragments), a bubbling fluidized bed reactor can be used.

[0055] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on the embodiments of this application allows for flexible selection or combination of reactor types according to the morphological differences of different biomass (lumps or fragments), thereby expanding the range of applicable raw materials for the apparatus and improving gasification efficiency and long-term operational stability.

[0056] In embodiments of this application, the apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis further includes: an electrolysis water hydrogen production system 6, connected to the input of a mixer 7, for replenishing the mixer 7 with hydrogen.

[0057] For example, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 6 can use electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to electrolyze water and produce high-purity hydrogen (i.e., green hydrogen).

[0058] In the embodiments of this application, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction uses a cobalt-based catalyst, the reaction temperature is 220°C to 240°C, and the pressure is 2.0 MPa to 2.5 MPa.

[0059] For example, cobalt-based catalysts can be catalysts that use alumina or titanium dioxide as a support, load metallic cobalt, and supplement with a small amount of precious metals (such as ruthenium or platinum) as promoters.

[0060] Understandably, cobalt-based catalysts exhibit strong hydrogenation capacity and a high chain growth probability, and their product distribution shows a clear selectivity for middle distillate oils, i.e., the products contain C8-C... 16 The proportion of distillate (i.e., aviation kerosene fraction) is relatively high. Cobalt-based catalysts are more active at low temperatures and have low water-gas shift reaction activity, consuming almost no hydrogen to convert CO2 in the second syngas, thus converting CO and H2 into long-chain hydrocarbons more efficiently.

[0061] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, based on embodiments of this application, slows down the rate of cobalt-based catalyst carbon deposition and sintering deactivation through mild reaction conditions, extending the catalyst's single-pass lifespan and regeneration cycle, and reducing catalyst replacement costs and equipment operation and maintenance expenses. Under these mild conditions, the cobalt-based catalyst can maximize the yield of the desired product, reducing the need for subsequent over-cracking or recombination and improving carbon atom utilization efficiency.

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis further includes: a green jet fuel storage tank 13, connected to a hydroisomerization cracking system 12, for storing green jet fuel.

[0063] For example, when the facility is built near a rural area or forest farm rich in biomass resources, the green aviation kerosene storage tank 13 can be selected with a volume of 50m³. 3 ~200 m 3 Horizontal storage tanks or small vertical fixed-roof storage tanks are available, and the tanks can be equipped with nitrogen sealing systems to prevent the green jet fuel from oxidizing and deteriorating.

[0064] For example, in the case of a biorefinery with a large annual capacity, the green jet fuel storage tank 13 can be made of multiple 5000m³ tanks. 3~10000m 3 The tank farm consists of large vertical internal floating roof tanks, which can adopt an internal floating roof structure to significantly reduce oil evaporation losses.

[0065] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to the embodiments of this application ensures that the entire apparatus can operate stably and continuously for a long time by setting up a green jet fuel storage tank 13 as a buffer between the production terminal and external transportation.

[0066] In an embodiment of this application, the synthesis control system includes: a purification system 8 connected to a mixer 7 for purifying the second synthesis gas; and a compressor 9 connected to the purification system 8 and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10 for compressing the purified second synthesis gas and sending the compressed second synthesis gas into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10.

[0067] For example, the purification system 8 can remove sulfides and most of the CO2 from the second synthesis gas; the compressor 9 can compress the purified second synthesis gas to 2.5MPa~3.0MPa.

[0068] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on the embodiments of this application ensures the cleanliness and stable pressure of the second synthesis gas entering the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor through a purification system and a compressor, thereby guaranteeing the efficient and stable operation of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and improving the reliability and product yield of the entire apparatus.

[0069] In the embodiments of this application, the mixer 7 includes any one or more of the following: a flow ratio control valve for controlling the ratio of the flow rate of the first syngas after intermediate temperature conversion to the flow rate of hydrogen; a pressure interlock for automatically cutting off the upstream gas source or triggering an alarm when the pressure in the mixer 7 exceeds a preset threshold; and an online hydrogen analyzer for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen concentration in the second syngas.

[0070] For example, a first synthesis gas inlet pipe and a supplementary hydrogen inlet pipe can be installed on the inlet pipe of mixer 7, and a flow proportional control valve can be installed on each pipe. These two flow proportional control valves form a closed-loop control circuit with the central control system.

[0071] For example, when the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is detected to be too low (e.g., less than 2:1), the central control system opens the flow ratio control valve on the supplemental hydrogen intake pipeline to increase the amount of supplemental hydrogen; when the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is detected to be too high (e.g., greater than 2.2:1), the flow ratio control valve on the supplemental hydrogen intake pipeline is closed to reduce the amount of supplemental hydrogen.

[0072] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on the embodiments of this application can achieve closed-loop automatic control of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio by setting a flow ratio control valve; setting a pressure interlock can prevent equipment overpressure damage and safety accidents, thereby improving the safety level of the apparatus; setting an online hydrogen analyzer facilitates timely detection of hydrogen-to-carbon ratio fluctuation trends and early intervention, avoiding catalyst deactivation or product selectivity reduction caused by long-term deviation of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio.

[0073] In the embodiments of this application, the apparatus for producing green jet fuel by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis further includes an energy integration network connected to the partial oxidation reactor 4 and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, respectively, for recovering the sensible heat of the first synthesis gas produced by the partial oxidation reactor 4 and the heat released by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, and converting them into steam or electricity.

[0074] For example, the energy integration network can be designed according to the principle of temperature matching and tiered utilization. The high-temperature section (corresponding to the outlet of the partial oxidation reactor 4) is used to generate high-pressure steam; the medium-temperature section (corresponding to the reaction heat of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10) is used to generate medium-pressure steam or preheat boiler feedwater; and the low-temperature section (such as the waste heat of oil and gas at the top of the distillation system 11) is used to heat the process medium or provide heating for the plant area.

[0075] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to the embodiments of this application can convert the high-temperature sensible heat of the partial oxidation reaction and the low-temperature reaction heat of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction into steam or electricity in a cascade manner. This can meet part of the energy consumption needs of the apparatus (such as compressor drive, process heating, and electricity for hydrogen production by water electrolysis), reduce external energy input, and improve the energy self-sufficiency and economy of the apparatus.

[0076] The apparatus for producing green jet fuel by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to this application will be described in detail below based on specific embodiments.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] Cotton stalks are fed from biomass silo 1, dried, crushed, modified, and shaped in pretreatment and modification system 2, and then continuously added to a fixed-bed reactor. After gasification to obtain crude coal gas, it is fed into a partial oxidation reactor 4. At a high temperature exceeding 1200℃, the tar and methane in the crude coal gas undergo cracking and partial oxidation reactions to generate crude syngas mainly composed of CO and H2. This crude syngas is then fed into a medium-temperature shift converter 5 to adjust the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the first syngas. The crude syngas from the medium-temperature shift converter 5, together with green hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 6, enters a mixer 7 to form hydrogen-rich syngas.

[0079] Hydrogen-rich syngas passes through a deep purification system 8 to remove sulfides and most of the CO2, yielding refined syngas. The refined syngas is then pressurized by compressor 9 and fed into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, where it is converted into Fischer-Tropsch crude oil under the action of a cobalt-based catalyst. The Fischer-Tropsch crude oil is separated by a distillation system 11 to obtain low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components. The low-carbon hydrocarbons are fed into a partial oxidation reactor 4 to convert them into crude syngas, while the heavy components are fed into a hydroisomerization cracking system 12 to convert straight-chain alkanes into branched isoalkanes and adjust their molecular weight distribution, ultimately yielding green jet fuel that meets standards, which is then sent to the green jet fuel storage tank 13.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Cotton stalks are fed from biomass silo 1, dried, crushed, modified, and shaped in pretreatment and modification system 2, and then continuously added to a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The resulting crude coal gas is then fed into a partial oxidation reactor 4. At temperatures exceeding 1200°C, the tar and methane in the crude coal gas undergo cracking and partial oxidation reactions to produce crude syngas, primarily composed of CO and H2. This crude syngas is then fed into a medium-temperature shift converter 5 to adjust the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. The crude syngas exiting the medium-temperature shift converter 5, along with green hydrogen from the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 6, enters a mixer 7 to form hydrogen-rich syngas.

[0082] Hydrogen-rich syngas passes through a deep purification system 8 to remove sulfides and most of the CO2, yielding refined syngas. The refined syngas is then pressurized by compressor 9 and fed into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 10, where it is converted into Fischer-Tropsch crude oil under the action of a cobalt-based catalyst. The Fischer-Tropsch crude oil is separated by a distillation system 11 to obtain low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components. The low-carbon hydrocarbons are fed into a partial oxidation reactor 4 to convert them into crude syngas, while the heavy components are fed into a hydroisomerization cracking system 12 to convert straight-chain alkanes into branched isoalkanes and adjust their molecular weight distribution, ultimately yielding green jet fuel that meets standards, which is then sent to the green jet fuel storage tank 13.

[0083] In summary, the embodiments of this application provide an apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0084] (1) By using partial oxidation technology, the tar and methane produced by fixed bed gasification are efficiently and completely converted into first syngas, which not only eliminates the harm of tar to the system, but also greatly improves the total output of first syngas and carbon conversion efficiency.

[0085] (2) Through a three-stage strategy of partial oxidation, medium temperature conversion and precise green hydrogen replenishment, the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the first and second syngas can be flexibly and efficiently adjusted to the optimal range of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, reducing the carbon loss of CO2 generated in the system to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio, and directing more carbon atoms in biomass to the target product jet fuel.

[0086] (3) It achieves efficient synergy between biomass carbon resources and green hydrogen energy, fully integrates energy within the process, and has high added value in the final product, providing a reliable technical path for producing low-carbon sustainable aviation fuel throughout its entire life cycle.

[0087] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application. All such combinations or combinations fall within the scope of this application.

[0088] The embodiments of this application have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Without departing from the scope of this application, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications, all of which should fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing green jet fuel through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, characterized in that, include: The gasification reactor (3), partial oxidation reactor (4), intermediate temperature conversion system (5), mixer (7), synthesis regulation system, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10), distillation system (11) and hydroisomerization cracking system (12) are connected in sequence. The output of the distillation system (11) is connected to the input of the partial oxidation reactor (4); wherein, the gasification reactor (3) is used to gasify the provided biomass to produce crude coal gas; the partial oxidation reactor (4) is used to synthesize the crude coal gas and the low-carbon hydrocarbons produced by the distillation system (11) into a first synthesis gas; The intermediate temperature conversion system (5) is used to perform intermediate temperature conversion on the first syngas to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the first syngas for the first time; the mixer (7) is used to mix the first syngas after intermediate temperature conversion with supplemented hydrogen to adjust the hydrogen-carbon ratio of the first syngas for the second time to obtain the second syngas. The synthesis regulation system is used to regulate the second synthesis gas, and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10) is used to carry out the regulated second synthesis gas to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain a hydrocarbon mixture; the distillation system (11) is used to distill and separate the hydrocarbon mixture to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons and heavy components; the hydroisomerization cracking system (12) is used to sequentially hydroisomerize and crack the heavy components produced by the distillation system (11) to obtain green jet fuel.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: Biomass feeding bin (1), used to provide biomass; The pretreatment and modification system (2) is connected to the biomass feeding bin (1) and the gasification reactor (3) respectively, and is used to pretreat and modify the biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin (1) in sequence, and to provide the modified biomass to the gasification reactor (3).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biomass provided by the biomass feeding bin (1) includes cotton stalks, and the modification includes introducing additives into the cotton stalks to adjust the ash melting characteristics of the cotton stalks.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification reactor (3) includes one or more of a fixed-bed gasification reactor or a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: The water electrolysis hydrogen production system (6) is connected to the input of the mixer (7) and is used to replenish hydrogen to the mixer (7).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction uses a cobalt-based catalyst, the reaction temperature is 220℃~240℃, and the pressure is 2.0MPa~2.5MPa.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: The green jet fuel storage tank (13) is connected to the hydroisomerization cracking system (12) for storing the green jet fuel.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synthesis regulation system includes: A purification system (8) is connected to the mixer (7) for purifying the second synthesis gas; The compressor (9) is connected to the purification system (8) and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10) respectively, and is used to compress the purified second synthesis gas and send the compressed second synthesis gas into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10).

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixer (7) includes any one or more of the following: A flow ratio control valve is used to control the ratio of the flow rate of the first synthesis gas after the intermediate temperature conversion to the flow rate of the hydrogen. Pressure interlock is used to automatically cut off the upstream gas source or trigger an alarm if the pressure in the mixer (7) exceeds a preset threshold. An online hydrogen analyzer is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the second synthesis gas in real time.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: An energy integration network is connected to the partial oxidation reactor (4) and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10) respectively, and is used to recover the sensible heat of the first synthesis gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor (4) and the heat released by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (10), and convert them into steam or electricity.

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