Pediococcus pentosaceus, composition containing same and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of microorganism, and particularly relates to a Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, a composition containing the same and purposes. The Pediococcus pentosaceus is Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 20252985, and the preservation is carried out in China Center for Type Culture Collection. The composition contains at least one of lactic acid dodecylbenzene and a culture of the strain. The composition is used for preparing a composition for feed fermentation. Advantages of the present application are as follows: (1) can efficiently degrade mycotoxins; (2) has probiotic properties, strong growth performance, strong acid tolerance, strong bile salt tolerance and strong osmotic pressure tolerance; (3) has good hydrophobicity and self-aggregation performance; (4) high safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, specifically to a strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, compositions containing it, and their uses. Background Technology

[0002] Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi and are natural contaminants that seriously endanger feed and agricultural products, posing a serious threat to feed safety, food preservation, and human health. Globally, approximately 25% of crops are contaminated with mycotoxins annually. Among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) are widely found in grains such as corn and wheat. Under high temperature and humidity conditions, whether during the field growth period of grains or during feed production and storage, mold growth easily occurs, leading to excessive mycotoxin levels. Furthermore, feed is susceptible to co-contamination by multiple mycotoxins.

[0003] Currently, diseases caused by bacteria and fungi are generally treated with antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to varying degrees of resistance in most bacteria and fungi, resulting in drug residues in food, which has become a serious public health and food safety issue. Since July 1, 2020, my country has implemented a complete ban on antibiotics in livestock and poultry feed. This ban presents a new round of challenges for the livestock and poultry farming industry.

[0004] Fermenting feed with probiotics can not only reduce the content of mycotoxins in feed, but also improve the nutritional value and digestibility of feed, regulate the intestinal microecology of livestock and poultry, enhance the immunity of animals, and have no side effects on feed quality, livestock and poultry growth and livestock product safety.

[0005] Animal gastrointestinal microorganisms play an extremely important role in animal nutrition and health. Functional research on the exploration of probiotic resources in the intestines of animals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will not only help to understand the ecological adaptation mechanism of plateau wild animals, but also bring new opportunities to human health and biotechnology. It is also the key to developing new green, pollution-free, and low-residue feed additives to replace the use of antibiotics, and a guarantee for the healthy development of intensive and high-yield livestock and poultry production models. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a Pediococcus pentosaccharides strain that is highly efficient at degrading mycotoxins, has probiotic properties, strong growth performance, strong resistance to acid, bile salts and osmotic pressure, good hydrophobicity and self-aggregating properties, and high safety, as well as compositions containing the strain and their applications.

[0007] Preservation instructions:

[0008] Classification and naming: Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025;

[0009] Accession number: CCTCC NO: M 20252985.

[0010] Preservation period: December 22, 2025;

[0011] Depository: China Center for Type Culture Collection;

[0012] Address: No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

[0013] Strain source: Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 was isolated from the feces of wild yak and Tibetan wild ass in Qinghai Province, and was previously isolated and purified by the Key Laboratory of Conservation and Innovative Utilization of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources in Qinghai Province.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0015] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Pediococcus pentosaceus.

[0016] A type of Pediococcus pentosaceus, specifically Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a microbial preparation.

[0018] A microbial preparation comprising Pediococcus pentosaceus or a culture of said strain.

[0019] The Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20252985, and is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a composition.

[0021] A composition comprising at least one of Pediococcus pentosaceus and a culture of said strain;

[0022] The cultures of the strains include, but are not limited to, fermentation broth, fermentation precipitate, or lyophilized powder of Pediococcus pentosus.

[0023] The Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20252985, and is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0024] Furthermore, the composition is a microecological preparation or a pharmaceutical preparation.

[0025] Furthermore, the composition is a probiotic agent.

[0026] Furthermore, the composition also contains substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus; the composition also contains other probiotics and / or prebiotics.

[0027] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0028] The use of the first aspect of Pediococcus pentosaceus, or the second aspect of the microbial preparation, or the third aspect of the composition in the preparation of a composition for degrading mycotoxins.

[0029] Fifthly, the present invention provides another use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0030] The use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect, in the preparation of probiotic preparations and / or probiotic preparation compositions.

[0031] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a third use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0032] The use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect, in the preparation of a composition for feed fermentation.

[0033] In the fourth, fifth, and sixth uses, the Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0034] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides an animal feed.

[0035] An animal feed comprising Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect;

[0036] And / or the fermentation product of *Pediococcus pentosaceus* of the first aspect;

[0037] and / or the second aspect of microbial preparations;

[0038] Combinations with and / or third parties.

[0039] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by this invention may contain substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus (such as protectants) may be any one or a combination of cysteine, glutathione, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated methyltoluene, tocopherol, bamboo leaf antioxidants, D-isoascorbic acid and its sodium salt, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipids, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vitamin E.

[0040] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by this invention may contain other probiotics, which may be selected from any one or a combination of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus montelukastii, and Enterococcus haematobii.

[0041] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by the present invention may contain prebiotics, which may be selected from any one or a combination thereof of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), lactulose oligosaccharides (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), inulin, and oligosaccharides.

[0042] The *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 provided in this invention, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on December 22, 2025. This strain was isolated from the feces of wild yak and Tibetan wild ass in Qinghai. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 can efficiently degrade mycotoxins and has probiotic properties; it can be used as a feed additive or as a microbial inoculum for feed fermentation, while also improving feed utilization.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the Pediococcus pentosaceus strain, the composition containing it, and its application provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0044] (1) It can efficiently degrade mycotoxins.

[0045] (2) It has beneficial properties, strong growth performance, and strong resistance to acid, bile salts and osmotic pressure.

[0046] (3) It has good hydrophobicity and self-aggregating properties.

[0047] (4) High security. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1The degradation rate of AFB1, DON, and ZEA by Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 provided by this invention is shown.

[0049] Figure 2 The growth curve and acid production curve of the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain provided by this invention are shown.

[0050] Figure 3 This invention describes the growth of the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain under different pH values, bile salt concentrations, and NaCl concentrations.

[0051] Figure 4 The results of the drug susceptibility test of the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain provided by this invention are as follows.

[0052] Figure 5 The results of the Columbia blood agar plate test for the Pediococcus pentosaceus (QHEK025) strain provided in this invention are shown.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a curve showing the change in mycotoxin content in feed degraded by Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, provided by the present invention.

[0054] Figure 7 This is the feed fermentation quality change curve after fermentation by the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain provided in this invention.

[0055] Figure 8 This is the curve showing the change in feed nutritional quality after fermentation of the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain provided by this invention.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a curve showing the change in enzyme activity in fermented feed after fermentation by the Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 strain provided in this invention.

[0057] Figure 3 In the figure, A is the bile salt curve; B is the acid resistance curve; and C is the osmotic pressure resistance curve.

[0058] Figure 6In the study, the differences between the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, and no * indicates no significant difference. A represents the change in AFB1 content in the fermented feed; B represents the change in DON content; and C represents the change in ZEA content.

[0059] Figure 7 In the table, A represents the change in LA content in the fermented feed; B represents the change in AA content; C represents the change in PA content; and D represents the change in BA content.

[0060] Figure 8 In the table, A represents the change in CP content in fermented feed; B represents the change in NH3-N content; C represents the change in SS content; D represents the change in ST content; E represents the change in NDF content; F represents the change in ADF content; and G represents the change in DM content.

[0061] Figure 9 In the table, A represents the change in CL content of fermented feed; B represents the change in ACP content of fermented feed; C represents the change in LPS content of fermented feed; D represents the change in α-AL content of fermented feed; and E represents the change in β-AL content of fermented feed. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following embodiments provide a more detailed description of the present invention. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0063] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Pediococcus pentosaceus.

[0064] A type of Pediococcus pentosaceus, specifically Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0065] Secondly, the present invention provides a microbial preparation.

[0066] A microbial preparation comprising Pediococcus pentosaceus or a culture of said strain.

[0067] The Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20252985, and is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0068] Thirdly, the present invention provides a composition.

[0069] A composition comprising at least one of Pediococcus pentosaceus and a culture of said strain;

[0070] The cultures of the strains include, but are not limited to, fermentation broth, fermentation precipitate, or lyophilized powder of Pediococcus pentosus.

[0071] The Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20252985, and is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0072] Furthermore, the composition is a microecological preparation or a pharmaceutical preparation.

[0073] Furthermore, the composition is a probiotic agent.

[0074] Furthermore, the composition also contains substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus; the composition also contains other probiotics and / or prebiotics.

[0075] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0076] The use of the first aspect of Pediococcus pentosaceus, or the second aspect of the microbial preparation, or the third aspect of the composition in the preparation of a composition for degrading mycotoxins.

[0077] Fifthly, the present invention provides another use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0078] The use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect, in the preparation of probiotic preparations and / or probiotic preparation compositions.

[0079] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a third use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect.

[0080] The use of Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect, or the microbial preparation of the second aspect, or the composition of the third aspect, in the preparation of a composition for feed fermentation.

[0081] In the fourth, fifth, and sixth uses, the Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0082] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides an animal feed.

[0083] An animal feed comprising Pediococcus pentosaceus of the first aspect;

[0084] And / or the fermentation product of *Pediococcus pentosaceus* of the first aspect;

[0085] and / or the second aspect of microbial preparations;

[0086] Combinations with and / or third parties.

[0087] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by this invention may contain substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus (such as protectants) may be any one or a combination of cysteine, glutathione, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated methyltoluene, tocopherol, bamboo leaf antioxidants, D-isoascorbic acid and its sodium salt, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, phospholipids, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vitamin E.

[0088] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by this invention may contain other probiotics, which may be selected from any one or a combination of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus montelukastii, and Enterococcus haematobii.

[0089] The Pediococcus pentosaceus composition provided by the present invention may contain prebiotics, which may be selected from any one or a combination thereof of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), lactulose oligosaccharides (LACT), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), inulin, and oligosaccharides.

[0090] Implementation Examples Basic Methods

[0091] 1. Screening of mycotoxin-degrading strains

[0092] The strain was cultured to the plateau phase. 5 mL of bacterial culture was taken and 1 mg / L AFB1, DON, and ZEA were added simultaneously. The culture was incubated at 210 r / min for 72 h. After centrifugation at 4000 × g for 15 min, the supernatant was collected. The mycotoxin content was detected using an ELISA kit to screen strains with high degradation rates of mixed toxins.

[0093] 2. Study on the beneficial properties of the strain

[0094] 2.1 Growth performance and acid production performance

[0095] The bacterial strain was inoculated into liquid culture medium at a 1% inoculum and incubated at 37°C for 0h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 20h, 24h, 28h, 36h, and 48h, with a blank culture medium as a control. The OD of the bacterial culture was measured. 600 Based on nm and pH values, with 3 replicates per group, growth curves and acid production curves were plotted.

[0096] 2.2 Resistance to acids, bile salts, and osmotic pressure

[0097] The bacterial strains were inoculated into liquid culture media with pH adjusted to 4.0, 3.0, and 2.5; liquid culture media with ox bile salt concentrations of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%; and liquid culture media with NaCl concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, respectively. The cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24 h, with the corresponding uninoculated media serving as blank controls. The OD values ​​of the bacterial cultures were measured. 600 nm value.

[0098] 2.3 Hydrophobicity and self-aggregation

[0099] Hydrophobicity and autoagglutination rate were determined by culturing the bacterial suspension at 37°C for 24 h, followed by centrifugation (8000×g, 5 min), washing twice with PBS, and resuspending. The OD value (A0) of the bacterial suspension was measured. 3 ml of the cell suspension was placed in a centrifuge tube, and 1 ml of xylene was added. The mixture was pre-cultured at room temperature for 10 min. The mixture was then rapidly vortexed for 2 min, allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 min to allow for layering, and the lower aqueous phase was collected for OD measurement. 600 Value (At). Hydrophobicity calculation: A% = (A0 - A t ) / A0×100%. Add 5 mL of bacterial suspension to a test tube, let stand at room temperature, and measure the OD value (A0) of the supernatant after 20 h. t ), Self-agglomeration rate calculation: A%=[(A0-A t ) / A0]×100%.

[0100] 2.4 Antibacterial properties

[0101] Following GB / T 38483-2020, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were used as indicator bacteria, and the Oxford cup method was employed for antibacterial testing. The bacterial suspension was centrifuged (8000×g) for 2 min, and the supernatant was filtered through a membrane and added to Oxford cups in solid culture dishes containing the indicator bacteria. After incubation at 37℃ for 24 h, the inhibitory effect on the indicator bacteria was detected. The size of the inhibition zone was observed and recorded, and the antibacterial ability of the strain was determined.

[0102] 3. Safety studies of the strain

[0103] 3.1 Drug sensitivity

[0104] The drug susceptibility of the strain was tested using the drug susceptibility test strip method according to WS / T 6639-2018. 150 μL of bacterial solution was added to a solid culture medium and spread evenly. Drug susceptibility test strips were then attached to the surface of the solid culture medium. The diameter of the inhibition zone was observed and recorded after 24 hours to determine the drug susceptibility.

[0105] 3.2 Hemolytic

[0106] The test strains were inoculated onto Columbia blood agar plates and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. Staphylococcus aureus was set as a positive control. The presence of hemolytic zones around the colonies was observed to determine hemolysis.

[0107] 4. Fermented feed and indicator determination

[0108] 1. Select strains with high degradation rates against mixed toxins from the screening of mycotoxin-degrading strains for feed fermentation. Set up single-strain fermentation groups with a viable cell count of not less than 10⁻⁶ in the bacterial solution. 14 CFU / mL. Weigh 250g of naturally moldy feed and 250g of fresh feed, inoculate with the strain at a 5% inoculum rate, and carry out sealed solid-state fermentation at 37℃, adding 400g of water. The control group (CK) was treated with an equal volume of MRS liquid medium, with all other conditions identical. Each group had three replicates. Samples were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15, stored at -80℃, and the following indicators were measured.

[0109] Toxin content: AFB1, DON, and ZEA were detected using an ELISA kit.

[0110] Fermentation quality: Lactic acid (LA) was detected by HPLC, while acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) were detected by gas chromatography.

[0111] Nutritional composition: Crude protein (CP) was determined using the Kjeldahl method; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using chemical methods; soluble sugars (SS), starch (ST), and ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined using a kit; and dry matter (DM) was determined using a drying method.

[0112] Enzyme activities: Lipase (LPS), cellulase (CL), acidic protease (ACP), α-amylase (α-AL), and β-amylase (β-AL) were detected using a kit.

[0113] Microbial community structure: 16S rRNA detection was performed using primers 338F (ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG) and 806R (GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT). Samples were sent to Meiji Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for community composition analysis and microbial correlation analysis.

[0114] 5. Data Analysis and Processing

[0115] Each experiment was repeated three times. After the experimental data were collected and organized, one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data and generate graphs.

[0116] Screening of mycotoxin-degrading strains

[0117] like Figure 1 As shown, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 can efficiently degrade mycotoxins, with a comprehensive degradation rate (average degradation rate of AFB1, DON, and ZEA) of over 78% for mixed toxins. Specifically, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 achieved degradation rates of 76.18%, 81.43%, and 85.13% for AFB1, DON, and ZEA, respectively, with a comprehensive degradation rate of 84.66%.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] Probiotic properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025

[0120] 1. Determination of growth capacity and acid production capacity

[0121] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure A, the *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 provided by this invention enters the logarithmic growth phase 2 hours after inoculation and reaches the plateau phase 8 hours later. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 exhibits strong growth and reproduction capabilities, with an OD value of [missing information - likely a value] at 48 hours. 600 The nm value reaches 1.75. For example... Figure 2 As shown in Figure B, lactic acid bacteria strain EK013 produces acid.

[0122] 2. Acid and bile salt tolerance

[0123] Figure 3 As shown in Figure A, bile salts can inhibit the growth of the bacterial strain. At a bile salt concentration of 0.3%, the strain's growth essentially ceases. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 showed relatively better growth after the addition of bile salts, indicating a certain degree of tolerance to bile salts. For example... Figure 3 As shown in Figure B, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 exhibits excellent growth under low pH conditions, demonstrating strong acid resistance. For example... Figure 3 As shown in Figure C, the growth of lactic acid bacteria strain EK013 gradually decreased as the NaCl concentration increased from 0% to 8%.

[0124] 3. The strain's resistance to acid, bile salts, and osmotic pressure.

[0125] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure A, bile salts can inhibit the growth of the strain. At a bile salt concentration of 0.3%, the growth of the strain essentially ceases. The growth of strain QHEK025 was inhibited after the addition of bile salts. Figure 3 As shown in Figure B, the growth of the strain decreases with decreasing pH, and growth essentially ceases at pH 2.5. Strain QHEK025 exhibits excellent growth under low pH conditions, demonstrating strong acid resistance. Figure 3As shown in Figure C, the growth of strain QHEK025 gradually decreased as the NaCl concentration increased from 0% to 8%, indicating that it has a certain ability to withstand osmotic pressure.

[0126] 4. Hydrophobicity, self-agglutination, and antibacterial properties of the strain

[0127] As shown in Table 1, strain QHEK025 has a hydrophobicity of 92.63% and a self-agglutination rate of 73.48%. Strain QHEK025 exhibits certain inhibitory effects against Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.

[0128] Table 1. Hydrophobicity, autoagglutination rate, and inhibitory ability against pathogens of bacterial strains

[0129]

[0130] Note: (+) indicates an inhibition zone diameter of 9.0-12.99 mm; (++) indicates an inhibition zone diameter of 13.0-16.99 mm; (+++) indicates an inhibition zone diameter ≥ 17 mm.

[0131] 5. Strain safety

[0132] (1) Drug sensitivity

[0133] As shown in Table 2, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 is sensitive to tetracycline; moderately sensitive to erythromycin; and insensitive to streptomycin, ofloxacin, furazolidone, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B, ampicillin, and cefazolin. Drug susceptibility testing is shown in [Table 2]. Figure 4 .

[0134] Table 2. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of strains

[0135]

[0136] Note: S indicates sensitive, R indicates insensitive, and I indicates moderately sensitive.

[0137] (2) Hemolytic

[0138] like Figure 5 As shown, the indicator pathogen Staphylococcus aureus exhibits β-hemolysis (complete hemolysis), while strain QHEK025 exhibits γ-hemolysis, meaning it does not produce hemolysin.

[0139] Example 3

[0140] Degradation of mycotoxins in moldy feed by Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025

[0141] 1. Changes in mycotoxin content in fermented feed

[0142] The initial concentrations of AFB1, DON, and ZEA in the moldy feed on day 0 were 22.33 μg / kg, 726.36 μg / kg, and 19.53 μg / kg, respectively, exceeding the requirements of the National Feed Hygiene Standard (GB 13078-2017). With increasing fermentation time, strain QHEK025 showed rapid degradation of the three mycotoxins within 0-1 day, reaching its highest degradation rate on day 6, after which the toxin content slightly rebounded; the toxin content in the control group showed no significant decrease.

[0143] The degradation rates of AFB1, DON, and ZEA in strain QHEK025 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001) within 1-15 days. The contents of mycotoxins AFB1 and DON reached their lowest levels at 6 days, and the content of mycotoxin ZEA reached its lowest level at 10 days. The degradation rates of AFB1, DON, and ZEA were 44.43%, 44.84%, and 52.22%, respectively. Figure 6 (As shown).

[0144] 2. Changes in feed fermentation quality

[0145] Depend on Figure 7 As shown, the LA content in the fermented feed increased from day 3 to day 6, and then stabilized after day 6. The LA content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at days 3, 10, and 15 (P<0.01). The AA content in the experimental group increased from day 1 to day 3, and then stabilized from day 3 to day 15. In the control group, the AA content increased from day 1 to day 6, and the AA content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at day 3 (P<0.001). The PA content in *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 and the control group increased from day 1 to day 6, and then leveled off. The PA content in *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly higher than that in the control group at day 1 (P<0.05). The BA content in *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 fluctuated within 15 days but showed no significant upward or downward trend. The BA content in the control group decreased first and then increased from day 0 to day 3. The BA content in *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly higher than that in the control group at day 1 (P<0.001).

[0146] 3. Changes in nutrient composition in fermented feed

[0147] like Figure 8As shown, in both Pediococcus pentosus QHEK025 and the control group, CP, NH3-N, and ADF increased over time, while SS, ST, NDF, and DM decreased over time. Fermentation time had a significant effect on SS, ST, DM, NH3-N, NDF, and ADF (P<0.05). The CP content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly lower than that of the CK group from day 1 to day 2 (P<0.05); the NH3-N content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly lower than that of the CK group from day 3 to day 15 (P<0.05); the ST content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was not significantly different from that of the CK group from day 1 to day 15; the NDF content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly lower than that of the CK group from day 6 and day 10 (P<0.05); the ADF content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly higher than that of the CK group from day 3 and day 15 (P<0.05); the DM content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly lower than that of the CK group from day 3, and the DM content of *Pediococcus pentosaccharis* QHEK025 was significantly lower than that of the CK group from day 10 to day 15.

[0148] 4. Changes in enzyme activity in fermented feed

[0149] like Figure 9 As shown, enzyme activity increased with fermentation time during feed fermentation. Within 1-6 days, the CL content in the CK group was higher than that in Pediococcus pentosaccharis QHEK025. The ACP content of Pediococcus pentosaccharis QHEK025 was not significantly different from that in the CK group. The LPS and α-AL of Pediococcus pentosaccharis QHEK025 were higher than those in the CK group, while the β-AL content in the CK group was higher than that in Pediococcus pentosaccharis QHEK025. The CL content of Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 increased from 1363.55 μg / min / g to 1526.36 μg / min / g; the ACP content increased from 1.13 U / g to 2.14 U / g; the LPS content increased from 22.14 U / g to 27.32 U / g, and were significantly higher than the CK group from 6 to 15 days (P<0.05); the α-AL content increased from 2.03 U / g to 3.51 U / g, and were significantly higher than the CK group from 1 to 15 days (P<0.05); the β-AL content increased from 8.80 U / g to 10.58 U / g, and were significantly higher than the CK group from 3 to 15 days (P<0.05).

[0150] The *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 provided by this invention, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on December 22, 2025. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 was isolated from the feces of wild yak and Tibetan wild ass in Qinghai Province, and was previously isolated and purified by the Key Laboratory of Conservation and Innovative Utilization of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources in Qinghai Province.

[0151] The *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 provided by this invention can tolerate a certain degree of acidity, high bile salt content, and high osmotic pressure environments, exhibiting high hydrophobicity and self-aggregation rate. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 has a strong inhibitory effect on Salmonella and *Escherichia coli*, and a certain inhibitory effect on *Staphylococcus aureus*. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 is sensitive to tetracycline; moderately sensitive to erythromycin; and insensitive to streptomycin, ofloxacin, furazolidone, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B, ampicillin, and cefazolin. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* QHEK025 is non-hemolytic. It possesses good probiotic properties and safety, with no side effects on humans and animals, and can be used for experimental and production purposes.

[0152] Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 can efficiently degrade mycotoxins, with a degradation rate of over 85% for AFB1 and over 85% for ZEA. The overall degradation rate (average of AFB1, DON, and ZEA degradation rates) is over 78% for mixed AFB1, DON, and ZEA toxins. Specifically, Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 achieves degradation rates of 76.18%, 81.43%, and 85.13% for AFB1, DON, and ZEA, respectively, with an overall degradation rate of 84.66%.

[0153] Pediococcus pentosaceus QHEK025 can efficiently degrade mycotoxins and has probiotic properties; it can be used as a feed additive or as a microbial inoculum for feed fermentation, while also improving feed utilization.

[0154] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0155] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features and steps described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0156] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of Pediococcus pentosaceus, characterized in that, The Pediococcus pentosaceus mentioned is QHEK025, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20252985, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

2. A microbial preparation, characterized in that: The microbial preparation contains Pediococcus pentosaceus or a culture of the strain.

3. A composition, characterized in that: The composition comprises at least one of Pediococcus pentosaceus and a culture of the strain; The cultures of the strains include, but are not limited to, fermentation broth, fermentation precipitate, or lyophilized powder of Pediococcus pentosus.

4. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composition is a microecological preparation or a pharmaceutical preparation.

5. The composition according to claim 4, characterized in that: The composition is a probiotic agent.

6. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composition also contains substances that help maintain the viability of Pediococcus pentosaceus; the composition also contains other probiotics and / or prebiotics.

7. Use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of claim 1, or the microbial preparation of claim 2, or the composition of any one of claims 3 to 6 in the preparation of a composition for degrading mycotoxins.

8. Use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of claim 1, or the microbial preparation of claim 2, or the composition of any one of claims 3 to 6 in the preparation of probiotic preparations and / or probiotic preparation compositions.

9. Use of the Pediococcus pentosaceus of claim 1, or the microbial preparation of claim 2, or the composition of any one of claims 3 to 6 in the preparation of a composition for feed fermentation.

10. An animal feed, characterized in that: The animal feed contains Pediococcus pentosaceus and / or the fermentation product of Pediococcus pentosaceus according to claim 1 and / or the microbial preparation according to claim 2 and / or the composition according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

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