A cold storage temperature adjustment ventilation roadbed system and method suitable for high ground temperature amplitude permafrost regions

Abstract

The application discloses a cold storage temperature adjustment ventilation roadbed system and method suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions and belongs to the technical field of permafrost engineering. The system comprises a roadbed body, a ventilation pipeline system, a cold storage unit conveying system and a valve control device. The cold storage unit conveying system comprises a track structure and a cold storage unit movable along the track structure. The ventilation pipeline system is a three-section structure, three-section ventilation pipelines are sequentially connected through a corner circular pipe, and an overall "S" shape ventilation path is formed. The track structure guides the cold storage unit to reciprocate between the external environment and the roadbed interior in the ventilation pipeline system along the track structure. The valve control device selectively opens or closes the ventilation pipeline system according to the difference between the external environment temperature and the roadbed interior temperature, and realizes ventilation heat dissipation or closed heat preservation working condition switching. The application realizes passive regulation and control of the roadbed temperature through the synergistic effect of ventilation heat exchange and cold storage temperature adjustment, improves the utilization efficiency of low-temperature resources, slows down permafrost degradation, and improves the stability of the permafrost roadbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of frozen soil engineering technology, specifically relating to a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system and method suitable for frozen soil areas with high ground temperature amplitude, especially suitable for temperature regulation and stability assurance of roadbeds in high-altitude and cold frozen soil areas with large diurnal temperature differences and significant ground temperature amplitude. Background Technology

[0002] Permafrost regions are widely distributed in high-altitude and cold areas. These regions exhibit significant high ground temperature amplitude characteristics, with diurnal temperature differences reaching 15-25℃ or even higher, resulting in pronounced periodic fluctuations in the temperature of near-surface soil. The soil temperature of permafrost roadbeds is highly sensitive to changes in the external environment. Under periodic freeze-thaw cycles, it is prone to engineering problems such as permafrost degradation, reduced soil bearing capacity, and roadbed settlement and deformation, seriously affecting the long-term service stability and operational safety of road projects.

[0003] To alleviate the problem of heat intrusion into frozen soil subgrades, existing projects commonly employ temperature control measures such as ventilated subgrades, crushed stone ventilation layers, thermosiphons, and insulation layers. Among these, ventilated subgrades are widely used due to their simple structure and convenient construction. They achieve heat dissipation and cooling of the subgrade by setting up ventilation pipes inside the subgrade and using the low-temperature air from the outside to exchange heat with the subgrade soil. However, existing ventilated subgrade technologies have obvious limitations: (1) They only focus on "instant heat dissipation" and lack the ability to store and allocate low-temperature resources. They cannot store the cold energy during low-temperature periods for use during high-temperature periods, making it difficult to achieve effective heat transfer in time and space; (2) The ventilation structure lacks effective temperature control opening and closing devices. Under high-temperature conditions, if the ventilation pipes are not closed in time, hot air from the outside will enter the pipes, which will exacerbate the heat accumulation inside the subgrade and cause frozen soil degradation; (3) The heat exchange path of the ventilation pipes is relatively short, and the contact time between the air and the subgrade soil is insufficient, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency. The above problems are particularly prominent in high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions. The temperature control effect and environmental adaptability of traditional ventilated roadbeds are difficult to meet engineering requirements. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cold storage and temperature regulation ventilated roadbed system and method that can effectively store and allocate low-temperature resources and adapt to environmental changes in high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem solved: In response to the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a cold storage, temperature regulation and ventilation roadbed system and method suitable for high ground temperature amplitude permafrost areas. By designing a special "S"-shaped ventilation path, a movable cold storage unit and an intelligent valve control device, the system achieves the synergistic effect of ventilation and heat exchange and cold storage and temperature regulation, completes the passive regulation of roadbed temperature, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of low temperature resources, slows down permafrost degradation and enhances the long-term stability of permafrost roadbeds.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions, comprising: Basic road structure; A ventilation duct system installed inside the road body; A cold storage unit conveying system is installed within the ventilation duct system. The cold storage unit conveying system includes a track structure and cold storage units that can move along the track structure; and a valve control device is installed at the end of the ventilation duct system that connects to the outside. The ventilation duct system is a three-section structure, comprising a first ventilation duct section, a second ventilation duct section, and a third ventilation duct section. The first and third ventilation duct sections are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the road body and are connected through the second ventilation duct section. The axial direction of the first ventilation pipe section and the third ventilation pipe section is perpendicular to the roadbed extension direction or at a preset angle, and the axial direction of the second ventilation pipe section is basically parallel to the roadbed extension direction. The three ventilation pipe sections are connected in sequence by corner round pipes to form an "S" shaped ventilation path. The track structure is installed in the first ventilation duct section and the third ventilation duct section, and is used to carry and guide the cold storage unit to move back and forth between the external environment and the roadbed within the ventilation duct system along the track structure. The valve control device is installed at the end of the first and third ventilation pipe sections closest to the external environment. It is used to selectively open or close the ventilation duct system according to the temperature difference between the external environment and the internal temperature of the roadbed, so as to realize the switching between ventilation and heat dissipation or sealing and heat preservation.

[0006] Preferably, the corner tube has a circular arc transition structure with a radius of curvature greater than the inner diameter of the ventilation duct system. The inner wall of the corner tube is smoothed to reduce airflow resistance and ensure smooth movement of the cold storage unit.

[0007] Preferably, the length of the second ventilation duct section is determined according to the layout density of the ventilation duct system in the roadbed body, and is less than or equal to the lengths of the first and third ventilation duct sections.

[0008] Preferably, the cold storage unit is a sealed cavity structure, the cavity of which is filled with water or phase change material, and the outer shell of the cold storage unit is made of a flexible polymer material that is resistant to low temperature, wear, and freeze-thaw.

[0009] Preferably, the track structure is located at the top of the inner side of the ventilation duct, and the track structure is any one of a slide rail, a roller rail, or a chain conveyor rail. The cold storage unit is connected to the track structure by a suspension cable to move orderly along the ventilation duct system.

[0010] Preferably, the movement of the cold storage unit includes at least one of manual movement, mechanically driven movement, or gravity-assisted movement, wherein the mechanically driven movement adopts a chain drive or wheel drive driven by a motor.

[0011] Preferably, the radial height of the cold storage unit is less than the duct radius of the ventilation duct system, and its length is set as needed; the axial length of the cold storage unit is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the axial length of the first ventilation duct section.

[0012] Preferably, the valve control device is one of a flap valve, a sliding valve, or a check valve; the sealing surface of the valve control device is provided with an elastic sealing structure, which is a rubber sealing ring or a foamed silicone gasket, to reduce the entry of outside hot air into the ventilation duct system under high temperature conditions. The valve control device operates as follows: when the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the valve control device is activated, and the ventilation duct system is in a ventilation and heat dissipation state; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the valve control device is deactivated, and the ventilation duct system is in a closed and heat-insulating state.

[0013] This invention also discloses an operation method for a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions, based on a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Based on the cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system, the ambient temperature and the soil temperature inside the roadbed are acquired in real time, and the relationship between the two temperatures is determined. Step 2: When the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, open the ventilation duct system to allow cold air to enter the "S"-shaped ventilation path and transport the cold storage unit to the end closest to the ambient temperature to release heat and complete the cold storage or freezing; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, close the ventilation duct system and transport the cooled cold storage unit to the inside of the roadbed to reduce the internal temperature of the roadbed through phase change heat absorption. Step 3: Based on the changes in the external ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the roadbed, repeat step 2 cyclically to achieve passive and continuous regulation of the roadbed temperature.

[0014] Preferably, step 2 is executed by a temperature sensor or a temperature-sensitive element; the temperature sensor is installed inside the roadbed and at the external connection point of the ventilation duct system, and the monitoring data of the temperature sensor is transmitted in real time to the control module of the valve control device and the cold storage unit conveying system to realize automatic opening and closing and movement control.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a three-section "S"-shaped ventilation path, which effectively prolongs the flow path and residence time of cold air in the ventilation duct, increases the heat exchange contact area between air and roadbed soil, greatly improves ventilation heat exchange efficiency, and enhances the initial utilization effect of low temperature resources. 2. This invention introduces a cold storage unit that can migrate along the track structure to store the cold energy during low-temperature periods and release it on demand during high-temperature periods, thus realizing the effective transfer of low-temperature resources in time and space. It overcomes the limitation of traditional ventilated roadbeds that rely solely on instantaneous heat dissipation and is particularly suitable for high ground temperature amplitude permafrost areas with large diurnal temperature differences and intermittent low-temperature conditions. 3. This invention achieves intelligent opening and closing of the ventilation duct system through the cooperation of valve control device and elastic sealing structure. It provides ventilation and heat dissipation at low temperatures and seals and insulates at high temperatures, fundamentally avoiding the problem of heat accumulation caused by external hot air entering the roadbed and effectively slowing down permafrost degradation. 4. The system structure of this invention is simple and has strong engineering applicability. The ventilation duct system adopts a spliced ​​structure design, and the cold storage unit conveying system is a modular component. It can be laid out in single or multiple layers according to engineering needs. It is compatible with the existing filling and compaction process of frozen soil subgrade and is easy to construct. The system operates mainly by passive control, requiring only a small number of electrically driven mechanical parts. It has low energy consumption, is easy to combine with the existing frozen soil subgrade structure, and has good engineering promotion value. 5. The ventilation duct system of the present invention can adjust the layout density according to the roadbed width and temperature control requirements, and can adopt a single-layer planar layout or a double-layer spatial anti-symmetrical layout to achieve balanced temperature control within the roadbed plane or spatial range and meet the temperature control requirements of different engineering scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The structure of the "S"-shaped cold storage and temperature regulation ventilation duct in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (top view of the structure and cross-sectional view of a portion of the duct section); Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the components (mainly showing the three-section structure of the ventilation duct system, the cold storage unit, the track structure, and the positional relationship of the valve control device). Figure 3 This is a front view of the single-layer ventilation duct assembly structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Top view of a single-layer ventilation duct assembly structure; Figure 5 This is a front view of the double-layer anti-symmetrical ventilation duct assembly structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Top view of the combined structure of the double-layered anti-symmetrical ventilation ducts.

[0017] Reference numerals: 100, Cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system; 1, Roadbed body; 2, First ventilation duct section; 3, Second ventilation duct section; 4, Third ventilation duct section; 5, Corner circular pipe; 6, Track structure; 7, Cold storage unit; 8, Valve control device; 9, Suspension cable; 10, Ventilation duct system; 11, Cold storage unit conveying system. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention provides a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system 100 mainly consists of four parts: the roadbed body 1, the ventilation duct system 10, the cold storage unit conveying system 11, and the valve control device 8. The structure, connection relationship, and setting method of each part are as follows: (a) Basic road structure: For the basic load-bearing structure of roads in permafrost areas, conventional roadbed filling technology for permafrost areas is adopted for construction. The interior is reserved with space for the installation of ventilation duct system 10. The size of the reserved space matches the outer diameter of ventilation duct system 10, ensuring close contact between ventilation duct system 10 and roadbed soil and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0020] (II) Ventilation Duct System: The ventilation duct system 10, serving as the heat exchange carrier of the system, is embedded within the roadbed body 1. The ventilation duct system 10 adopts a three-section structure, comprising a first ventilation duct section 2, a second ventilation duct section 3, and a third ventilation duct section 4. The first ventilation duct section 2 and the third ventilation duct section 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the roadbed body 1 and connected through the second ventilation duct section 3. The axial directions of the first ventilation duct section 2 and the third ventilation duct section 4 are perpendicular to the roadbed extension direction or arranged at a preset angle (0°-90°), preferably perpendicular. The second ventilation duct section 3 is located in the central area of ​​the roadbed body 1, and its axial direction is basically parallel to the roadbed extension direction, serving as the connecting carrier between the first and third ventilation duct sections 4. The three ventilation duct sections are connected sequentially by corner pipes 5, forming an "S"-shaped ventilation path. The corner pipes 5 are arc-shaped transition structures with a radius of curvature greater than the inner diameter of the ventilation duct system 10. The inner wall of the corner pipes 5 is smoothed to reduce airflow resistance and ensure smooth movement of the cold storage unit 7. The ventilation duct system 10 can effectively extend the flow path and residence time of cold air in the duct, thereby improving ventilation and heat exchange efficiency.

[0021] The length of the second ventilation duct section 3 is determined based on the layout density of the ventilation duct system 10 within the roadbed body 1, and is less than or equal to the lengths of the first ventilation duct section 2 and the third ventilation duct section 4.

[0022] (III) Cold Storage Unit Conveying System: The cold storage unit conveying system 11, as the core cold storage and temperature control unit, is installed in the ventilation duct system 10. The cold storage unit conveying system 11 includes a track structure 6 and a cold storage unit 7 that can move along the track structure 6.

[0023] The track structure 6 is installed within the first ventilation duct section 2 and the third ventilation duct section 4 to support and guide the cold storage unit 7 to move back and forth between the external environment and the roadbed within the ventilation duct system 10. Preferably, the track structure 6 is located at the top inside the ventilation duct. The track structure 6 is any one of a slide rail, a roller rail, or a chain conveyor rail. The cold storage unit 7 is connected to the track structure 6 via a suspension cable 9 to move orderly along the ventilation duct system 10, thus achieving the support and guidance of the cold storage unit 7.

[0024] The cold storage unit 7 is a sealed cavity structure. Its outer shell is made of a flexible polymer material that is low-temperature resistant, wear-resistant, and freeze-thaw resistant. The cavity is filled with water or paraffin-based or organic phase change materials, allowing for the storage and release of cold energy through phase change heat absorption or sensible heat absorption. The radial height of the cold storage unit 7 is less than the duct radius of the ventilation duct system 10, and its length is set as needed. The axial length of the cold storage unit 7 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the axial length of the first ventilation duct section 2, ensuring both sufficient space for movement and adequate cold storage capacity.

[0025] The cold storage unit 7 can move back and forth between the external environment and the roadbed along the track structure 6. The movement method includes at least one of manual movement, mechanically driven movement or gravity-assisted movement. The mechanically driven movement adopts a chain transmission or wheel transmission method driven by an electric motor.

[0026] (iv) Valve control device: Valve control device 8 is located at the end of the first ventilation duct section 2 and the third ventilation duct section 4 closest to the external environment. Valve control device 8 is one of a flap valve, a sliding valve, or a one-way valve. The sealing surface of valve control device 8 is equipped with an elastic sealing structure, which is a rubber sealing ring or a foamed silicone gasket, to reduce the entry of hot air from the outside into the ventilation duct system 10 under high-temperature conditions and ensure the sealing effect after closure. Valve control device 8 is used to selectively open or close the ventilation duct system 10 according to the difference between the ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the roadbed, realizing the switching between ventilation and heat dissipation or closed insulation. The opening and closing control logic of valve control device 8 is as follows: when the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, valve control device 8 is open, and the ventilation duct system 10 is in a ventilation and heat dissipation state; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, valve control device 8 is closed, and the ventilation duct system 10 is in a closed insulation state.

[0027] This invention also discloses an operation method for a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions, based on a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Based on the cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system, the ambient temperature and the soil temperature inside the roadbed are acquired in real time, and the relationship between the two temperatures is determined. Step 2: When the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the ventilation duct system 10 is opened, allowing cold air to enter the "S"-shaped ventilation path and transporting the cold storage unit 7 to the end closest to the ambient temperature for heat release, thus completing cold storage or freezing; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the ventilation duct system 10 is closed, and the cooled cold storage unit 7 is transported to the interior of the roadbed to reduce the internal temperature of the roadbed through phase change heat absorption; this is triggered by a temperature sensor or a temperature-sensitive element; the temperature sensor is installed inside the roadbed body 1 and at the external connection end of the ventilation duct system 10, and the monitoring data of the temperature sensor is transmitted in real time to the control module of the valve control device 8 and the cold storage unit delivery system 11 to realize automatic opening and closing and movement control; Step 3: Based on the changes in the external ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the roadbed, repeat step 2 cyclically to achieve passive and continuous regulation of the roadbed temperature.

[0028] Example 1: This example provides a single-unit "S"-shaped cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation duct system 10, suitable for small-scale frozen soil roadbed test sections or localized temperature control areas. Its structure is as follows: Figures 1-2 As shown.

[0029] (1) System layout: A single ventilation duct system 10 is embedded inside the road base 1. The system consists of a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct section 3, and a third ventilation duct section 4 connected by a corner round pipe 5 to form an "S" shaped ventilation path. The radius of curvature of the corner round pipe 5 is 1.2 times the inner diameter of the ventilation duct, and the inner wall is polished smooth. The length of the second ventilation duct section 3 is 0.8 times the length of the first ventilation duct section 2, ensuring the heat exchange path while taking into account the system compactness.

[0030] (2) Setting of cold storage unit conveying system 11: Roller rail structure 6 is arranged on the top inner side of the first ventilation pipe section 2 and the third ventilation pipe section 4. The cold storage unit 7 is a sealed flexible ice pack structure, filled with water, and the outer shell is made of low temperature resistant rubber material. Its height is 0.7 times the radius of the ventilation pipe and its length is 1 / 3 of the first ventilation pipe section 2. The cold storage unit 7 is connected to the roller rail through the suspension cable 9 and is moved by manual pushing.

[0031] (3) Valve control device 8 is set up: a flap valve type valve control device 8 is set up at the external connection end of the first ventilation pipe section 2 and the third ventilation pipe section 4. The sealing surface of the flap valve is equipped with a rubber sealing ring to ensure the sealing performance after closing.

[0032] (4) Operation mode: The temperature sensor monitors the outside temperature and the inside temperature of the roadbed in real time. When the outside temperature is lower than the inside temperature of the roadbed, the flap valve is opened and the cold air from the outside enters the “S” shaped path to achieve heat dissipation of the roadbed. At the same time, the cold storage unit 7 is pushed to the end of the pipe to complete the cold storage. When the outside temperature is higher than the inside temperature of the roadbed, the flap valve is closed and the cold storage unit 7 is pushed to the second ventilation pipe section 3 area in the middle of the roadbed. The cold storage unit 7 reduces the temperature of the roadbed by absorbing heat through the phase change of melting ice. The above steps are repeated to achieve temperature control.

[0033] Example 2: This example provides a single-layer ventilation duct assembly system, suitable for engineering scenarios with wide roadbeds and requiring planar temperature control. Its structure is as follows: Figures 3-4 As shown.

[0034] (1) System layout: Within the same height range of the roadbed body 1, 6 sets of “S”-shaped cold storage and temperature regulation ventilation duct systems 10 in Example 1 are laid out at 2m intervals along the transverse direction of the roadbed. Each set of systems is independent of each other, and the ventilation heat exchange and cold storage and temperature regulation areas are connected to each other to form a continuous temperature control area within the roadbed plane range.

[0035] (2) Supporting facilities: Each system is equipped with an independent track structure 6, a cold storage unit 7 and a valve control device 8. The cold storage unit 7 moves using a mechanically driven chain transmission method and is powered by a small motor to achieve synchronous movement control of multiple units.

[0036] (3) Operation mode: The valve control device 8 and the cold storage unit 7 of each group system are triggered by a unified temperature control module to realize synchronous opening, closing and movement, so as to ensure the balanced control of the roadbed plane temperature and avoid roadbed deformation caused by excessive local temperature fluctuations.

[0037] Example 3: This example provides a double-layered, anti-symmetrical ventilation duct system, suitable for engineering scenarios involving frozen soil subgrades of high-grade roads and requiring comprehensive temperature control within a given space. Its structure is as follows: Figures 5-6 As shown.

[0038] (1) System layout: Two layers of ventilation duct combination system are laid at different height positions of the roadbed body 1. The lower layer system is 1m away from the roadbed surface and the upper layer system is 2m away from the roadbed surface. The two layers are anti-symmetrically distributed in the plane direction. The duct systems of adjacent layers are spaced 1m apart. Each layer is equipped with 5 sets of “S” shaped ventilation duct systems 10 as described in Example 1 to form a spatially staggered temperature control structure.

[0039] (2) Supporting facilities: The cold storage unit 7 of the two-layer system is filled with organic phase change material (paraffin) with a phase change temperature of 5°C, which is suitable for the temperature control requirements of the frozen soil area; the cold storage unit 7 adopts a combination of gravity-assisted and motor-driven movement, and uses the small inclination of the pipeline to achieve gravity-assisted movement and reduce energy consumption; the valve control device 8 adopts a one-way valve structure, which can realize the one-way entry of cold air and further prevent hot air backflow.

[0040] (3) Operation mode: The two-layer system operates independently. The temperature control module triggers the opening and closing and temperature adjustment actions according to the temperature of the roadbed soil at different heights. The cold storage and temperature adjustment areas of the upper and lower layers are superimposed and supplemented to achieve balanced temperature control within the roadbed space, effectively expand the effective temperature control range inside the roadbed, and improve the overall stability of the roadbed.

[0041] The above embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative. Those skilled in the art can adjust the layout density of ventilation ducts, the filling material of the cold storage unit, the movement method, and the type of valve control device according to actual engineering needs. All equivalent substitutions and improvements made based on the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system and method for high-temperature amplitude permafrost regions described in this invention can be directly applied to temperature control of roadbed engineering for highways, railways, and other roads in high-altitude, cold, and high-temperature amplitude permafrost regions. The system structure is compatible with existing permafrost roadbed filling processes, is convenient to construct, has low operating energy consumption, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of low-temperature resources, slow down permafrost degradation, and enhance the long-term stability of permafrost roadbeds. All components of the present invention can be industrially produced into modular components, which can be assembled on-site, suitable for large-scale engineering applications, and have significant industrial practicality and engineering promotion value.

Claims

1. A cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions, characterized in that, include: Road basic structure (1); Ventilation duct system (10) installed inside the road body (1); A cold storage unit conveying system (11) is installed within the ventilation duct system (10), the cold storage unit conveying system (11) including a track structure (6) and cold storage units (7) movable along the track structure (6); and A valve control device (8) is installed at the end of the ventilation duct system (10) that connects to the outside. The ventilation duct system (10) is a three-section structure, including a first ventilation duct section (2), a second ventilation duct section (3) and a third ventilation duct section (4). The first ventilation duct section (2) and the third ventilation duct section (4) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the road body (1) and connected through the second ventilation duct section (3). The axial direction of the first ventilation pipe section (2) and the third ventilation pipe section (4) is perpendicular to the roadbed extension direction or at a preset angle. The axial direction of the second ventilation pipe section (3) is basically parallel to the roadbed extension direction. The three ventilation pipe sections are connected in sequence by a corner round pipe (5) to form an "S" shaped ventilation path. The track structure (6) is set in the first ventilation pipe section (2) and the third ventilation pipe section (4) to carry and guide the cold storage unit (7) to move back and forth between the external environment and the roadbed in the ventilation duct system (10) along the track structure (6); The valve control device (8) is located at the end of the first ventilation pipe section (2) and the third ventilation pipe section (4) that is close to the external environment. It is used to selectively open or close the ventilation duct system (10) according to the difference between the external ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the roadbed, so as to realize the switching between ventilation and heat dissipation or sealing and heat preservation.

2. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corner tube (5) is a circular arc transition structure with a radius of curvature greater than the inner diameter of the ventilation duct system (10). The inner wall of the corner tube (5) is smoothed to reduce airflow resistance and ensure smooth movement of the cold storage unit (7).

3. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the second ventilation duct section (3) is determined according to the layout density of the ventilation duct system (10) in the roadbed body (1), and is less than or equal to the length of the first ventilation duct section (2) and the third ventilation duct section (4).

4. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold storage unit (7) is a sealed cavity structure, and its cavity is filled with water or phase change material. The outer shell of the cold storage unit (7) is made of a flexible polymer material that is resistant to low temperature, wear, and freeze-thaw.

5. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The track structure (6) is located on the top of the inner side of the ventilation duct. The track structure (6) is any one of a slide rail, a roller rail or a chain conveyor rail. The cold storage unit (7) is connected to the track structure (6) by a suspension cable (9) to move orderly along the ventilation duct system (10).

6. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movement of the cold storage unit (7) includes at least one of manual movement, mechanically driven movement or gravity-assisted movement; the mechanically driven movement adopts a chain transmission or wheel transmission method driven by a motor.

7. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial height of the cold storage unit (7) is less than the pipe radius of the ventilation duct system (10), and its length is set as needed; the axial length of the cold storage unit (7) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the axial length of the first ventilation duct section (2).

8. The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve control device (8) is one of a flap valve, a sliding valve or a one-way valve; the sealing surface of the valve control device (8) is provided with an elastic sealing structure, which is a rubber sealing ring or a foamed silicone pad, to reduce the entry of outside hot air into the ventilation duct system (10) under high temperature conditions. The opening and closing control logic of the valve control device (8) is as follows: when the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the valve control device (8) is opened and the ventilation duct system (10) is in a ventilation and heat dissipation state; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, the valve control device (8) is closed and the ventilation duct system (10) is in a closed and heat-insulating state.

9. An operation method for a cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions, characterized in that, The cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbed system, the ambient temperature and the soil temperature inside the roadbed are acquired in real time, and the relationship between the two temperatures is determined. Step 2: When the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the roadbed, open the ventilation duct system (10) to allow cold air to enter the "S"-shaped ventilation path and transport the cold storage unit (7) to the end closest to the ambient temperature to release heat and complete the cold storage or freezing; when the ambient temperature is higher than the internal temperature of the roadbed, close the ventilation duct system (10) and transport the cooled cold storage unit (7) to the inside of the roadbed to reduce the internal temperature of the roadbed through phase change heat absorption. Step 3: Based on the changes in the external ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the roadbed, repeat step 2 cyclically to achieve passive and continuous regulation of the roadbed temperature.

10. The operation method for cold storage, temperature regulation, and ventilation roadbeds suitable for high-temperature-amplitude permafrost regions according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 2 is executed by triggering the temperature sensor or temperature-sensitive element; the temperature sensor is installed inside the road body (1) and at the external connection end of the ventilation duct system (10). The monitoring data of the temperature sensor is transmitted in real time to the control module of the valve control device (8) and the cold storage unit conveying system (11) to realize automatic opening and closing and movement control.

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