Straddle type four-link bottom discharging waste rock filling support

Abstract

The application discloses a straddle type four-bar linkage bottom-discharging gangue filling support, which comprises a base, a platform seat is installed at the back of the base, and the platform seat is a backward extension and elevation mechanism of the base; a shield beam is connected to the upper part of the platform seat through a normal four-bar linkage, the normal four-bar linkage comprises a front connecting rod and a rear connecting rod, a bottom-discharging conveying scraper is laid between the front connecting rod and the rear connecting rod on the platform seat, and a gangue discharging hole is formed in the upper surface of the platform seat and corresponds to a bottom-discharging port of the bottom-discharging conveying scraper; a top beam is connected to the front end of the shield beam, the top beam is horizontally arranged above the base, and the shield beam is downwardly inclined from the connecting position with the top beam to form a backrest structure. The application solves the problems of insufficient torsional strength of the existing solid filling hydraulic support, and filling failure caused by the absence of a lower filling shield platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine gangue backfilling technology, specifically relating to a straddle-type four-link bottom unloading leaking gangue backfilling support. Background Technology

[0002] my country produces a large amount of coal gangue, and the backfilling and disposal of coal gangue goaf is a current hot research topic. Traditional fully mechanized solid backfilling technology, with the core objectives of underground coal mining and the protection of surface structures, adopts a continuous roof-mounted backfilling process. However, it suffers from low backfilling efficiency and is difficult to adapt to the needs of main mining face operations and large-scale, efficient disposal of gangue.

[0003] Current hydraulic supports for non-dense backfilling of loose rock in working faces still have several key technical defects, which are particularly prominent in high-extraction working faces, significantly reducing the applicability of the supports: 1. When the four-bar linkage is arranged in the middle of the column, the narrow-body structure design is adopted, which results in insufficient width and structural strength, leading to low overall torsional strength of the support. 2. When the four-link system is installed behind the frame, the scraper or filling pipe is installed by hanging on the top beam of the support. Because the filling height is large and not connected to the top, it is easy to cause the top plate to collapse. Moreover, there is no protective platform (beam) below. The collapsed rock will occupy the space under the bottom scraper or pipe, causing filling difficulties and insufficient filling volume, which will eventually lead to filling failure. At the same time, the bottom scraper installed by hanging is prone to jamming if it is slightly longer, which will affect normal production. 3. When a non-four-link structure such as a single-link is used behind the frame, the positive and negative deviation of the top beam control distance is too large, and the support height of the support has a narrow range of adaptability. 4. The overall length of the solid filling support for high mining height is relatively large, making underground transportation and installation operations difficult.

[0004] The aforementioned defects in existing solid-filling hydraulic supports have become a significant factor restricting the promotion and application of solid non-dense filling technology in coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leakage coal filling support, which solves the problems of insufficient torsional strength and easy filling failure caused by the lack of a lower filling protection platform in existing solid filling hydraulic supports.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a straddle-type four-bar bottom unloading leaking gangue filling support, including a base, a platform seat installed behind the base, and the platform seat being a mechanism for extending and raising the base backward. The upper part of the platform base is connected to a shield beam by a four-bar linkage. The four-bar linkage includes a front linkage and a rear linkage. A bottom-discharge conveying scraper is laid on the platform base between the front linkage and the rear linkage. A waste rock leakage hole is opened on the upper surface of the platform base corresponding to the bottom discharge port of the bottom-discharge conveying scraper. The front end of the shield beam is connected to a top beam, which is horizontally positioned above the base. The shield beam slopes downward from the connection point with the top beam to form a sloping back structure.

[0007] The invention is further characterized in that, The platform base includes legs and a platform. The legs are vertically connected to the base, and the platform is located at the top of the legs. One end of the platform is connected to the legs, and the other end is cantilevered towards the rear goaf area.

[0008] One end of the front linkage is connected to the platform, and the other end is hinged to the middle and rear part of the shield beam; One end of the rear linkage is connected to the platform, and the other end is hinged to the rear of the shield beam.

[0009] Vertical lugs are provided at the front and rear positions on the platform. The front vertical lug is hinged to one end of the front connecting rod, and the rear vertical lug is hinged to one end of the rear connecting rod.

[0010] The net distance between the front vertical ear and the rear vertical ear is greater than 2.0m; and the distance from the front end of the rear vertical ear to the rear end of the platform is greater than 800mm.

[0011] The four-bar linkage is a double four-bar linkage mechanism. The front linkage includes the front left linkage and the front right linkage, and the rear linkage includes the rear left linkage and the rear right linkage.

[0012] One end of the outrigger is fixed to the base, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the platform. The outrigger is telescopic, and the height of the horizontal platform can be adjusted according to the working conditions in the well.

[0013] Two or four columns are symmetrically arranged between the top beam and the base. The bottom of the columns is connected to the base, and the top of the columns is connected to the top beam.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This invention uses an integrated structure of "upper quadruple linkage mechanism behind the frame + lower filling platform behind the frame" stacked on top of each other. The upper quadruple linkage mechanism straddles the lower filling platform and the bottom-discharge conveying scraper. The two are hinged and linked by the front and rear linkages. It retains the inherent advantages of the traditional quadruple linkage mechanism, which can accurately control the double-curve motion trajectory of the top beam, has small positive and negative deviations in the control distance, and has a wide range of support height. It solves the industry pain points of excessive control distance deviation and narrow support height range of non-quadruple linkage structures such as single linkage from the root. At the same time, it fully integrates the isolation and protection of the collapsed surrounding rock in the goaf and the stable bearing function of the filling and conveying equipment of the back-frame filling platform. It solves the core defects of the traditional back-frame suspended filling structure, which has no stable protection platform and uncontrollable filling space. It achieves deep integration and synergistic effect of the two core functions.

[0015] (2) This structure raises the bottom foundation height of the four-link system by using a rear filling platform. Compared with the traditional four-link system, it expands the spacing between the lower hinge points of the front and rear links, providing sufficient space for the bottom-discharge conveying scraper and ensuring that the equipment can operate normally when adjacent supports are staggered. The cantilevered section at the rear of the filling platform forms a reliable shield, which, together with the already filled gangue, prevents the collapse of roof rocks from intruding into the filling area below, continuously ensuring the integrity and stability of the filling space. At the same time, the shield beam and rear link of the four-link system can further isolate the collapsed rocks, providing a safe working environment for the laying and maintenance of the scraper, and efficiently achieving solid non-dense filling.

[0016] (3) The present invention adopts an integrated design of platform base with cover and lifting functions and four-bar linkage, so that the platform base has the dual function of covering the lower filling space and supporting the upper four-bar linkage. Combined with the long-distance bottom-discharge conveying scraper laid on the platform and between the linkages, the mechanism layout is regular, the overall size is optimized, and the operation function is compact. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-filling gangue support of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the straddle-type four-link bottom unloading leaking gangue filling support of the present invention, with the addition of a four-column hydraulic support.

[0018] In the diagram, 1. base, 2. platform base, 21. support leg, 22. platform, 3. vertical lug, 31. front vertical lug, 32. rear vertical lug, 4. front connecting rod, 5. rear connecting rod, 6. shield beam, 7. bottom discharge conveyor scraper, 8. top beam, 9. column. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Example 1 This invention relates to a straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes a base 1, which serves as the foundation for the entire structure. Base 1 provides stable vertical support and an anti-overturning foundation for the support, adaptable to complex floor conditions in underground working faces. A platform seat 2 is fixedly installed behind base 1. Platform seat 2 is a raised mechanism extending rearward from base 1, breaking the traditional split layout of "front support, rear filling" for the support. It provides an integrated installation foundation for subsequent support components and filling equipment. At the same time, through its own raised design, a complete and independent goaf filling space is reserved below platform seat 2, avoiding movement interference between filling operations and the support structure.

[0021] The upper part of the platform base 2 is connected to the shield beam 6 via a four-bar linkage. The four-bar linkage mechanism straddles the platform base 2, forming an integrated upper and lower layout of "upper linkage support and lower platform filling", replacing the traditional front and rear split structure and significantly reducing the overall longitudinal dimension of the support. The upper surface of the platform base 2 is also covered with a bottom-discharge conveying scraper 7. The upper surface of the platform base 2 has leakage holes that correspond one-to-one with the bottom discharge port of the bottom-discharge conveying scraper 7. Gangue material is continuously conveyed along the working face through the bottom-discharge conveying scraper 7. During the conveying process, the gangue can fall accurately into the leakage holes through the bottom discharge port of the scraper, and finally fall into the goaf below the platform base 2, realizing continuous and fixed-point gangue filling operation.

[0022] The four-bar linkage specifically includes a front link 4 and a rear link 5. The lower end of the front link 4 is hinged to the front of the platform 22, and the upper end is hinged to the middle and rear of the shield beam 6. The lower end of the rear link 5 is hinged to the rear of the platform 22, and the upper end is hinged to the rear of the shield beam 6. The four-bar linkage mechanism consisting of the front link 4 and the rear link 5 can control the movement trajectory of the shield beam 6 and the top beam 8 during the lifting and lowering of the support, ensuring the accuracy of the double-curve movement of the front end face of the top beam 8, and controlling the deviation of the top beam end face distance within a very small range, thus solving the problems of large top distance deviation and small support height range of traditional single-link structures.

[0023] The bottom-discharge conveying scraper 7 is specifically laid on the upper surface of the platform 22 between the front connecting rod 4 and the rear connecting rod 5, thus forming a structural layout in which a four-bar linkage straddles the platform 22 and the bottom-discharge conveying scraper 7. This straddle layout breaks away from the traditional split design of the support with "four-bar linkage in front and filling equipment in the rear", integrating the filling scraper into the span area of ​​the four-bar linkage. This achieves a high degree of integration between the support structure and the filling structure, significantly reducing the overall longitudinal length of the support and solving the problem of difficult transportation and installation of filling supports at high mining heights. Furthermore, the front and rear connecting rods provide lateral protection for the scraper, preventing rock spillage and surrounding rock collapse from impacting and jamming the scraper, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0024] The front end of the shield beam 6 is hinged to the rear end of the top beam 8. The top beam 8 is horizontally positioned above the base 1 and can directly contact the roof of the working face to bear the roof load, achieving effective roof control of the working face at all times. The shield beam 6 slopes downward from the connection point with the top beam 8 to form a backrest structure. This inclined backrest design can smoothly guide the collapsed rock blocks from the roof to slide towards the goaf side, avoiding the accumulation of rock blocks inside the support and causing the mechanism to jam. On the other hand, it can cooperate with the four-bar linkage mechanism to form a stable force system, isolating the collapsed surrounding rock in the goaf from the working space of the working face, while providing a reliable hinge point for the four-bar linkage mechanism to ensure the force stability of the four-bar linkage mechanism during its movement.

[0025] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1 above, the platform base 2 is a lifting mechanism extending rearward from the base 1, specifically composed of two parts: a support leg 21 and a platform 22. The support leg 21 is vertically and fixedly connected to the base 1, serving as the vertical load-bearing component of the platform 22. It can evenly transfer various loads borne by the platform 22 to the base 1. The platform 22 is fixedly installed on the top of the support leg 21, with one end rigidly connected to the support leg 21 and the other end horizontally cantilevered towards the goaf. This cantilever design forms a complete protective surface above the goaf, preventing roof collapse rocks from intruding into the filling space below, ensuring the continuous unobstructed filling channel, and solving the problems of filling space being squeezed and filling failure easily occurring in traditional unprotected structures.

[0026] On the other hand, it can expand the effective working area of ​​platform 22, providing sufficient installation and operating space for subsequent support components and filling equipment, and avoiding movement interference between equipment.

[0027] The upper part of the platform 22 is connected to the shield beam 6 by a four-bar linkage. The four-bar linkage mechanism is the core motion control component of the support. Its upper end is hinged to the shield beam 6. During the adjustment of the support height, the relative position of the shield beam 6 and the platform 22 can always be kept stable. While ensuring the top beam 8's top control effect, it avoids interference of the four-bar linkage movement with the filling equipment below.

[0028] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 2 above, this embodiment has vertical lugs 3 fixedly installed on the front and rear parts of the upper surface of the platform 22. The front vertical lug 31 is hinged to the lower end of the front connecting rod 4, and the rear vertical lug 32 is hinged to the lower end of the rear connecting rod 5. The vertical lugs 3 serve as the hinged transition components between the connecting rod and the platform 22. By adopting a vertical arrangement, the horizontal, vertical, and torsional loads borne by the four-bar linkage can be evenly transferred to the platform 22 and the base 1, which greatly improves the overall torsional resistance and load-bearing capacity of the support and solves the problem of insufficient torsional strength of traditional narrow-body four-bar linkages. At the same time, the staggered arrangement of the front and rear sets of vertical lugs can precisely control the hinge spacing of the front and rear connecting rods, leaving sufficient space for the scraper to be laid.

[0029] The net distance between the front vertical lug 31 and the rear vertical lug 32 is greater than 2.0m, which meets the installation width requirements of the bottom discharge conveying scraper 7. At the same time, it provides sufficient safety clearance for staggered operation of adjacent supports, ensuring that the scraper conveying system can operate continuously and stably when multiple sets of supports work together, without interference between supports or scraper jamming. Furthermore, the distance from the front end of the rear vertical lug 32 to the rear end of the platform 22 is greater than 800mm, ensuring that the shield filling space is greater than or equal to one mining step distance, and ensuring continuous and smooth filling operation.

[0030] Example 4 Based on Embodiment 3 above, this embodiment is a double four-bar linkage mechanism. The front linkage 4 includes a front left linkage and a front right linkage, and the rear linkage 5 includes a rear left linkage and a rear right linkage.

[0031] The symmetrical layout of the double-link four-bar structure can evenly distribute the top plate load transmitted by the top beam 8 and the shield beam 6, as well as the impact load generated during the backfilling process, to the left and right sets of link components. Then, through the symmetrically arranged vertical lugs 3, the load is transmitted to the platform 22 and the base 1, avoiding the problem of overload and deformation damage of a single link, and greatly improving the overall load-bearing capacity of the support. At the same time, the symmetrical design of the left and right double links can significantly enhance the support's resistance to lateral forces and torsion, effectively resisting the lateral thrust and torque generated during the pressure from the top plate of the working face. This solves the problem of insufficient torsional strength and easy lateral deformation of traditional narrow-body four-bar structures, and is especially suitable for the heavy-duty support requirements of high mining faces.

[0032] In addition, the two sets of linkages on the left and right sides of the double positive four-bar linkage form a wider and more regular installation space, which can be adapted to larger bottom discharge conveying scrapers 7, significantly improving the gangue conveying capacity and working face filling efficiency.

[0033] Example 5 Based on Embodiment 2 above, in this embodiment, one end of the support leg 21 is fixedly connected to the base 1, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the platform 22. The support leg 21 is a telescopic structure, which can adjust the height of the horizontal platform according to the working conditions in the well.

[0034] Specifically, the outrigger 21 adopts a vertically telescopic hydraulic cylinder structure, which can precisely control the extension and retraction of the outrigger 21 according to the actual mining height and goaf filling height requirements of the underground working face, thereby flexibly adjusting the vertical installation height of the platform 22.

[0035] Its adaptive adjustment working principle and effect are as follows: When the working face has a large mining height, by controlling the outriggers 21 to extend vertically upward, the overall height of the platform 22 can be raised simultaneously, thereby greatly expanding the filling space of the goaf below the platform 22, increasing the single filling volume and filling height of gangue, better adapting to the filling and disposal needs of the large mining face, and at the same time, the higher filling height can better achieve the water retention filling effect of the goaf, reduce the disturbance of coal seam mining to the underground aquifer, and meet the environmental protection requirements of green mining in coal mines.

[0036] When the working face has a relatively low mining height, the outriggers 21 can be retracted downwards to reduce the installation height of the platform 22, ensuring that the gap between the rock and the filling is within a reasonable range, avoiding problems such as splashing and uneven accumulation of rock during the falling process, and ensuring the uniformity of the filling effect in the goaf.

[0037] Example 6 This embodiment is based on embodiments 1 to 5 above, such as Figure 2 As shown, two or four columns 9 are symmetrically arranged between the top beam 8 and the base 1. By adding symmetrically arranged columns 9, a complete active support bearing system is constructed. The core purpose is to strengthen the active support capability of the support and ensure the stable operation and safe operation of the entire filling mechanism under complex roof conditions.

[0038] The bottom of the column 9 is connected to the base 1, and the top of the column is connected to the top beam 8, forming the vertical active load-bearing component of the support core.

[0039] As the core active support component of the support structure, column 9 can adjust the extension stroke and support resistance in real time through the hydraulic control system, providing continuous and stable vertical support force for the top beam 8, actively bearing the pressure load from the top plate of the working face, and simultaneously bearing all the vertical and horizontal loads of the integrated upper and lower filling mechanism behind the frame, the bottom unloading conveying scraper 7, and the transfer of gangue materials, ensuring the overall force balance and structural stability of the support structure.

[0040] When two symmetrical columns are arranged, the overall structure of the support is simpler and the operating space inside the support is more sufficient. It is suitable for working faces with small to medium mining heights and relatively stable roof conditions, taking into account both support capacity and ease of operation. When four symmetrical columns are arranged, a double symmetrical load-bearing system can be formed, which can significantly improve the ultimate load-bearing capacity and anti-overturning performance of the support. It can effectively resist the strong mine pressure under high mining height working faces and complex roof conditions, ensure sufficient support strength, and avoid safety accidents such as support collapse and instability.

[0041] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0042] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0043] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support, characterized in that, Includes a base (1), and a platform seat (2) is installed behind the base (1). The platform seat (2) is a mechanism for extending and raising the base (1) backward. The upper part of the platform seat (2) is connected to the shield beam (6) by a four-bar linkage. The four-bar linkage includes a front link (4) and a rear link (5). A bottom-discharge conveying scraper (7) is laid on the platform seat (2) between the front link (4) and the rear link (5). A waste rock leakage hole corresponding to the bottom discharge port of the bottom-discharge conveying scraper (7) is opened on the upper surface of the platform seat (2). The front end of the shield beam (6) is connected to the top beam (8), which is horizontally positioned above the base (1). The shield beam (6) slopes downward from the connection point with the top beam (8) to form a sloping back structure.

2. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The platform base (2) includes a support leg (21) and a platform (22). The support leg (21) is vertically connected to the base (1). The platform (22) is located at the top of the support leg (21), and one end of the platform (22) is connected to the support leg (21), while the other end is cantilevered towards the rear goaf area.

3. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the front connecting rod (4) is connected to the platform (22), and the other end is hinged to the middle and rear part of the shield beam (6); One end of the rear link (5) is connected to the platform (22), and the other end is hinged to the rear of the shield beam (6).

4. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 2, characterized in that, Vertical lugs (3) are respectively provided at the front and rear positions of the platform (22). The front vertical lug (31) is hinged to one end of the front connecting rod (4), and the rear vertical lug (32) is hinged to one end of the rear connecting rod (5).

5. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The net distance between the front vertical ear (31) and the rear vertical ear (32) is greater than 2.0m; and the distance from the front end of the rear vertical ear (32) to the rear end of the platform (22) is greater than 800mm.

6. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 5, characterized in that, The four-bar linkage is a double four-bar linkage mechanism. The front linkage (4) includes a front left linkage and a front right linkage, and the rear linkage (5) includes a rear left linkage and a rear right linkage.

7. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the outrigger (21) is fixed to the base (1), and the other end is connected to the bottom of the platform (22). The outrigger (21) is a telescopic structure, which can adjust the height of the horizontal platform according to the working conditions in the well.

8. The straddle-type four-link bottom-discharge leak-proof gangue filling support according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two or four columns (9) are symmetrically arranged between the top beam (8) and the base (1). The bottom end of the column (9) is connected to the base (1), and the top end of the column is connected to the top beam (8).

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