A non-shaking partition type solid hydrogen storage system and a control method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a vibration-free, partitioned solid-state hydrogen storage system and its control method, relating to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. It aims to address the technical pain points of existing liquid-cooled solid-state hydrogen storage systems, including high energy consumption, poor flexibility, noise pollution, and insufficient intelligence. The system includes a hydrogen storage module, a thermal circulation unit, a heat dissipation unit, a heating interface, and a control unit. The hydrogen storage module adopts a barrel-shaped or double-sleeve sealed structure, with the inner hydrogen storage chamber filled with titanium / rare-earth hydrogen storage alloy, forming a partitioned heat exchange chamber on the outer side. The thermal circulation unit employs a pump-free thermosiphon natural circulation structure. Through the combined effect of the gravity difference and static pressure difference created by the pre-filled heat exchange medium and the elevation difference, it achieves full-pipeline, gas-free start-up without the need for pumps or other power components. The heat dissipation unit uses a copper tube finned radiator and a low-speed, silent fan, and can be selectively configured with atomizing spray and recovery units to achieve combined air cooling and atomizing spray heat dissipation. The control unit regulates the on / off state and mode switching of each unit based on temperature signals, and works with a fixed-pressure valve at the hydrogen discharge port to achieve temperature and pressure controlled hydrogen release. The control method comprises two core processes: hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation, and heat absorption followed by hydrogen release. During hydrogen absorption, the heat generated by the reaction is removed via a pump-free thermosiphon circulation, and the system adaptively switches between pure air cooling and a combined heat dissipation mode based on the medium temperature. During hydrogen release, a heat exchange medium at ≥28℃ is introduced to power the hydrogen storage alloy, and the hydrogen release process is controlled collaboratively by temperature difference and pressure threshold. This invention achieves the technical effects of vibration-free operation, low energy consumption, low noise, and delayed pulverization of the hydrogen storage alloy. Its modular structure and flexible layout make it widely applicable to hydrogen refueling stations, distributed energy storage, and fuel cell hydrogen supply scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, specifically to a vibration-free partitioned solid-state hydrogen storage system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage, with its advantages of high hydrogen volume density, good safety, and high hydrogen purity, has become an important technological direction for hydrogen energy storage and utilization, and is expected to be widely used in hydrogen refueling stations, distributed energy storage, and fuel cell hydrogen supply in the future. However, existing liquid-cooled (water bath) solid-state hydrogen storage systems still have many pain points during operation:

[0003] First, the system has high energy consumption. Currently, the hydrogen absorption heat exchange process mostly uses a chiller unit + water pump, which has very high energy consumption.

[0004] Secondly, it lacks flexibility. Setting up chiller units and water pumps requires preliminary preparations, and they are rarely moved after being set up.

[0005] Secondly, there is noise pollution. The operation of chiller units and water pumps through compressors can easily cause noise pollution, making them unsuitable for placement in non-industrial areas of urban areas.

[0006] Finally, the heat dissipation unit is generally a constant temperature cooling unit, and the water pump unit is generally a constant pressure / constant current unit with insufficient intelligence, which can easily lead to the rapid pulverization and failure of the hydrogen storage alloy due to temperature fluctuations.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies mostly employ optimization methods that improve individual components, failing to form a system-level solution. The lack of coordination and cooperation between components prevents the fundamental resolution of these pain points, and the stability, adaptability, and usability of the system still need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vibration-free partitioned solid hydrogen storage system and control method to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption, low flexibility, noise pollution, and insufficient intelligence in existing liquid-cooled solid hydrogen storage systems, and to achieve the technical effects of vibration-free system operation, stable gas pressure throughout the process, dynamic heat dissipation adaptation, and dual temperature and pressure control for hydrogen release.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibration-free, partitioned solid hydrogen storage system, comprising a hydrogen storage module, a thermal circulation unit, a heat dissipation unit, a heating interface, and a control unit;

[0010] The hydrogen storage module has a closed cavity structure, which can be a barrel-shaped cavity structure or a double-sleeve cavity structure. The inner hydrogen storage cavity of the hydrogen storage module has a hydrogen filling port and a hydrogen venting port. The hydrogen filling port is used to connect to an external hydrogen source, and the hydrogen venting port is used to connect to an external hydrogen load. The inner hydrogen storage cavity is filled with a solid hydrogen storage unit made of titanium-based and / or rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys. A partitioned heat exchange chamber is formed between the inner hydrogen storage cavity and the outer shell of the hydrogen storage module. The heat exchange chamber is filled with a heat exchange medium, and the hydrogen storage module is completely sealed.

[0011] The thermal circulation unit adopts a pump-free thermosiphon natural circulation structure. Before the system starts, the heat exchange chamber and all heat exchange circulation channels (including connecting pipes and radiators) are filled with heat exchange medium. The expansion tank is filled with heat exchange medium to 80%-90% of its volume (10%-20% of the gas chamber is reserved to balance the thermal expansion pressure). The synergistic effect of the gravity difference and static pressure difference formed by the elevation difference between the hydrogen storage module and the expansion tank is used to drive the heat exchange medium to flow slowly and discharge the residual air in the heat exchange pipe through the top exhaust valve, so that the heat exchange circulation channel is full of liquid and free of air. The installation elevation of the hydrogen storage module is higher than the core heat exchange components of the thermal circulation unit, heat dissipation unit and heating interface. The units are connected by pipes to form a gravity-driven natural circulation channel.

[0012] The heat dissipation unit includes a copper tube finned heat sink and an independent air supply module. The air outlet direction of the independent air supply module is set along the extension direction of the heat sink fins. The independent air supply module is a low-speed silent fan, and the independent air supply module is arranged separately from the hydrogen storage module. The heat dissipation unit may also optionally be equipped with an atomizing spray component, which is arranged opposite to the heat dissipation fins of the copper tube finned heat sink.

[0013] The control unit is electrically connected to the thermal circulation unit, heat dissipation unit, valve group of the heating interface, drive component and temperature detection component, and is used to control the on / off of each unit, mode switching and component start / stop according to the temperature signal of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0014] Furthermore, depending on the operating environment, the heat exchange medium can be selected from one of the following: pure water, deionized water, or a mixed solution of deionized water and ethylene glycol, to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of different temperature conditions and ensure the fluidity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0015] Furthermore, when the heat dissipation unit is equipped with an atomizing spray assembly, the heat dissipation unit can also selectively be equipped with an atomizing water recovery unit. The atomizing water recovery unit includes a low-level water collection tank, a water purification device, and a micro water pump. The micro water pump is a low-vibration, quiet type and is arranged separately from the hydrogen storage module. The atomizing water recovery unit is connected to the atomizing spray assembly through a pipeline to form a water-saving spray circulation pipeline, realizing the recycling and reuse of atomizing water, reducing water consumption. At the same time, the low-vibration design of the micro water pump avoids the addition of new vibration sources.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat circulation unit includes a sealed, full-fill expansion tank, pipelines, valve group, vent valve, and micro-opening pressure relief valve. The vent valve is located at the highest point of the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline, and the micro-opening pressure relief valve is located at the highest point of the sealed, full-fill expansion tank. The outlet of the pressure relief valve is connected to a return pipe and connected to the cold water inlet of the expansion tank. The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is 0.2-0.3 MPa.

[0017] The outlet of the expansion tank is connected to the cold water inlet of the partition heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module through an inverted U-shaped siphon pipe. The inverted U-shaped siphon pipe is a full-liquid sealed structure, and its lifting height does not exceed the theoretical siphon height (approximately 10.33m) corresponding to a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa. Under non-standard atmospheric pressure conditions, the lifting height of the inverted U-shaped siphon pipe is adapted to the theoretical siphon height under the corresponding pressure to ensure the stability of the pump-free thermosiphon natural circulation. This part is a preferred embodiment and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0018] The air chamber reserved in the expansion tank is a necessary condition for the stable operation of the pumpless thermosiphon cycle: when the heat exchange medium expands due to the absorption of hydrogen and release of heat, the air chamber is compressed to absorb the volume expansion and avoid a sudden increase in system pressure; when the medium cools down and contracts, the air chamber expands to replenish the pressure and prevent the formation of negative pressure in the pipeline that would cause the cycle to be interrupted; the air chamber is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, and the initial state is at atmospheric pressure. During operation, the pressure is automatically adjusted according to the change of medium temperature without the need for additional air filling or venting.

[0019] The cooperation between the pipeline and the valve group enables the hydrogen release and heat absorption stage to form a closed, liquid-filled sealed chamber that integrates the hydrogen storage module's inter-wall heat exchange chamber, the heating interface pipeline, and the heat circulation unit.

[0020] The pipeline layout satisfies the following elevation relationships:

[0021] The cold water inlet elevation of the heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module is higher than the hot water outlet elevation, while the hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit and the fluid channel elevation of the heating interface are not higher than the hot water outlet elevation of the hydrogen storage module.

[0022] The hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit is lower than its cold water outlet elevation, and the hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit is higher than the inlet elevation of the expansion tank.

[0023] Furthermore, a four-way interface is provided on the pipeline between the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module and the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit. The first interface of the four-way interface is connected to the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module, the second interface is connected to the hot water drain outlet, the third interface is connected to the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit, and the fourth interface is connected to the return water pipe for hydrogen release and heating.

[0024] A tee connector is installed on the pipeline between the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline and the cold water inlet of the partition wall heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module. The first interface of the tee connector is connected to the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline, the second interface is connected to the hot water pipe for hydrogen release and heating, and the third interface is connected to the cold water inlet of the partition wall heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module.

[0025] Furthermore, solenoid valves are installed at the rear ends of the second, third, and fourth ports of the four-way interface; a check valve is installed in the pipeline between the outlet of the expansion tank and the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline; a solenoid valve is installed in the rear end of the second port of the three-way interface; all solenoid valves are electrically connected to the control unit, and the switching of the hydrogen absorption and release channels is realized through the precise on / off of the valve group, while the check valve prevents the backflow of the heat exchange medium and ensures the stability of the circulation channel.

[0026] This invention also discloses a hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation control method based on the above-mentioned vibration-free partition solid hydrogen storage system, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1. After receiving the hydrogen absorption command, the control unit confirms that the heat exchange pipeline has achieved full liquid and no gas through the combined effect of gravity difference and static pressure difference. Then, it opens the solenoid valve on the heat circulation pipeline, closes the solenoid valve on the heat absorption and hydrogen release pipeline, and starts the pumpless thermosiphon working mode, so that the heat exchange medium forms a gravity-driven closed circulation channel between the hydrogen storage module and the heat circulation unit and heat dissipation unit.

[0028] S2. Open the hydrogen charging port solenoid valve. The solid hydrogen storage unit absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The heat raises the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the hydrogen storage module. The heat exchange medium circulates in a closed loop through the pump-free thermosiphon working mode.

[0029] S3. The control unit monitors the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit in real time. If the real-time temperature is ≥35℃, the atomizing spray component and independent air supply module are activated. The atomizing spray + air cooling combined heat dissipation mode is adopted to gradually reduce the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the outlet of the heat dissipation unit to ≤30℃. The temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing into the hydrogen storage module after passing through the expansion tank is also gradually reduced to ≤30℃.

[0030] S4. The control unit monitors the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit in real time. If the real-time temperature is <35℃, only the independent air supply module is activated to adopt the pure air-cooled heat dissipation mode, so as to achieve a heat exchange medium temperature ≤30℃ at the outlet of the heat dissipation unit.

[0031] S5. When the ambient temperature is ≥30℃, the control unit detects that the temperature fluctuation of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit is ≤±1℃ and stable below 28℃ for 2 consecutive minutes. When the ambient temperature is <30℃, the control unit detects that the temperature fluctuation of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit is ≤±1℃ and stable below 2℃ for 2 consecutive minutes. When this occurs, the atomizing spray assembly and the independent air supply module are shut off, the solenoid valve between the heat circulation unit and the heat dissipation unit is cut off, and the system stops absorbing hydrogen and dissipating heat.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S3, under the combined heat dissipation mode of atomized spraying and air cooling, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the hydrogen storage module gradually decreases from 65°C to no higher than 28°C, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium after passing through the copper tube finned heat sink decreases from no higher than 65°C to no higher than 30°C, ensuring that the hydrogen storage unit always operates within a safe temperature range and avoiding overheating that could lead to a decrease in the performance of the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0033] This invention also discloses a method for controlling the endothermic and hydrogen release of the above-mentioned vibration-free partition solid-state hydrogen storage system, comprising the following steps:

[0034] K1. When the control unit receives the hydrogen release command, it closes the solenoid valve on the heat circulation pipeline connected to the heat dissipation unit and opens the solenoid valve on the heat absorption and hydrogen release pipeline, so that the heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module, the heating interface pipeline and the heat circulation unit form a closed liquid-filled sealed chamber, and start the heat absorption and hydrogen release working mode.

[0035] K2, a heat exchange medium with a temperature ≥28℃, flows into the hydrogen storage module through the heating interface. The solid hydrogen storage unit absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and the heat exchange medium is cooled down. The cooled heat exchange medium flows out through the fourth interface of the four-way interface on the hot water outlet side of the hydrogen storage module. Preferably, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium flowing into the hydrogen storage module through the heating interface is ≤(water volume of the partition heat exchange chamber * 0.2) / min. This flow rate can avoid the heat exchange medium flowing in too quickly, which would cause a sudden change in temperature inside the hydrogen storage module and pulverization failure of the hydrogen storage alloy. At the same time, it ensures that the hydrogen storage unit absorbs heat sufficiently and the hydrogen release pressure is stable. Those skilled in the art can fine-tune the flow rate within a range that is not substantially different from the preferred flow rate (e.g., 0.15-0.25 times the water volume of the partition heat exchange chamber / min) according to the cavity structure of the hydrogen storage module and the characteristics of the titanium / rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, and can achieve the stable heat absorption and hydrogen release effect of the present invention.

[0036] K3, the control unit monitors the temperature of the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module in real time. When the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium at the hot water outlet and the heat exchange medium at the heating interface is ≤0.5℃ for 2 consecutive minutes, the external stable heat source is shut off, the solenoid valve between the heat circulation unit and the heating interface is cut off, and the system returns to standby mode.

[0037] Furthermore, a solenoid valve and a set pressure valve are sequentially installed on the hydrogen discharge port pipeline of the hydrogen storage module. The opening pressure of the set pressure valve is 0.05-1.5 MPa. During the heat absorption and hydrogen release process, the control unit uses the on / off state of the solenoid valve in conjunction with the opening pressure of the set pressure valve to achieve stable heat absorption and hydrogen release in the hydrogen storage chamber inside the hydrogen storage module under the set pressure. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage chamber is lower than the opening pressure of the set pressure valve, the set pressure valve automatically closes and stops hydrogen discharge.

[0038] Beneficial effects

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] Low energy consumption: This invention adopts a pumpless thermosiphon self-circulation structure, eliminating water pumps and water-cooled units. The temperature of the heat exchange medium is controlled through pressure design, height difference design, and phase change heat dissipation unit, directly reducing energy consumption. The system starts up by relying on the synergistic effect of gravity difference and static pressure difference to achieve full liquid and no gas, without the need for additional power components, further reducing system energy consumption.

[0041] Highly flexible, this invention adopts a modular principle, which greatly reduces the size of peripheral equipment and the difficulty of debugging peripheral equipment, enabling rapid deployment and quick commissioning.

[0042] This invention significantly reduces noise pollution because it has no moving parts such as water pumps or water-cooled units, making it particularly suitable for deployment in low-noise areas such as non-industrial urban areas.

[0043] This invention delays the pulverization and failure of hydrogen storage materials caused by temperature changes during operation. It has relatively intelligent temperature management during the hydrogen absorption and heat release and hydrogen release and heat absorption stages, and accurately controls temperature fluctuations through the optimized heat exchange medium inflow rate and temperature stability judgment criteria, which is relatively friendly to the operation of hydrogen storage modules.

[0044] This invention features dual temperature and pressure control for hydrogen release, adapting to various operating conditions. Based on traditional temperature-based hydrogen release, it adds a fixed-pressure valve to control the hydrogen discharge port, achieving coordinated hydrogen release based on both temperature and pressure parameters. The opening pressure of the fixed-pressure valve can be selected within the range of 0.05-1.5MPa.

[0045] This invention, through system-level combined innovation, organically integrates and optimizes mature technologies such as pump-free thermosiphon, indirect heat exchange, separate noiseless heat dissipation, closed full liquid pressure control, and temperature and pressure dual-control hydrogen release. The various technical features generate significant synergistic effects, solving many pain points of existing solid-state hydrogen storage systems. It has outstanding substantive features and significant progress, and can be widely applied to various solid-state hydrogen storage scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vibration-free partition-type solid hydrogen storage system according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This invention provides a method for controlling the hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation of a vibration-free, partition-type solid hydrogen storage system.

[0049] Figure 3 This invention provides a method for controlling the heat absorption and hydrogen release of a vibration-free, partitioned solid-state hydrogen storage system.

[0050] In the diagram: 1-Hydrogen storage module, 101-Inner hydrogen storage chamber, 102-Hydrogen filling port, 103-Hydrogen discharge port, 105-Insulated heat exchange chamber, 2-Heat circulation unit, 201-Sealed full-fill expansion tank, 202-Inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline, 203-Exhaust valve, 204-Micro-opening pressure relief valve, 206-Check valve, 3-Heat dissipation unit, 301-Copper tube finned radiator, 302-Independent air supply module, 303-Atomizing spray assembly, 304-Atomized water recovery unit, 4-Heating interface, 5-Control unit, 6-Four-way interface, 7-Three-way interface, 8-Solenoid valve, 9-Hydrogen discharge solenoid valve, 10-Set pressure valve. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a vibration-free partition solid hydrogen storage system, comprising a hydrogen storage module 1, a thermal circulation unit 2, a heat dissipation unit 3, a heating interface 4, and a control unit 5.

[0054] The hydrogen storage module 1 has a double-cylinder cavity structure. The inner hydrogen storage cavity 101 has a hydrogen filling port 102 and a hydrogen discharge port 103. The hydrogen filling port 102 is connected to an external hydrogen source storage tank via a solenoid valve and a pressure regulating valve. The hydrogen discharge port 103 is connected to an external hydrogen load via a hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 9 and a set pressure valve 10. The opening pressure of the set pressure valve 10 is 1.5 MPa. The inner hydrogen storage cavity 101 is filled with a solid hydrogen storage unit made of rare earth hydrogen storage alloy. The inner hydrogen storage cavity 101 and the outer shell form a partitioned heat exchange chamber 105. The heat exchange chamber 105 is filled with deionized water as the heat exchange medium. The hydrogen storage module 1 is sealed by using a fluororubber sealing gasket and welding seal.

[0055] The thermal circulation unit 2, together with the hydrogen storage module 1, constitutes a pump-free thermosiphon natural circulation structure. Before system startup, the partitioned heat exchange chamber 105 and all heat exchange circulation channels (including connecting pipes and radiators) are filled with heat exchange medium. The expansion tank 201 is filled with heat exchange medium to 85% of its volume (15% reserved for gas). The gravity difference and static pressure difference formed by the elevation difference between the hydrogen storage module 1 and the expansion tank 201 are used to drive the heat exchange medium to flow slowly and discharge the residual air in the heat exchange pipes through the exhaust valve 203, so that the heat exchange circulation channels are full of liquid and free of gas. The installation elevation of the hydrogen storage module 1 is higher than the core heat exchange components of the thermal circulation unit 2, the heat dissipation unit 3, and the heating interface 4. The units are connected by stainless steel pipes to form a gravity-driven natural circulation channel.

[0056] The heat circulation unit 2 includes a sealed full-fill expansion tank 201, stainless steel pipelines, valve group, air vent valve 203 and micro-opening pressure relief valve 204. The air vent valve 203 is located at the highest point of the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline 202, and the micro-opening pressure relief valve 204 is located at the highest point of the top of the sealed full-fill expansion tank 201. The outlet of the pressure relief valve is connected to the return pipe and connected to the cold water inlet of the expansion tank 201. The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is 0.25MPa.

[0057] The outlet of the expansion tank 201 is connected to the cold water inlet of the partition heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module 1 through the inverted U-shaped siphon pipe 202. The inverted U-shaped siphon pipe 202 is a full liquid sealed structure with a lifting height of 1.5m, which does not exceed the theoretical siphon height corresponding to the standard atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa.

[0058] The pipeline of heating interface 4, through the cooperation of valve group, forms a closed, liquid-filled sealed chamber 105 of hydrogen storage module 1 during the hydrogen release and heat absorption stage, and the pipeline of heating interface 4 and heat circulation unit 2 are integrated into a closed, liquid-filled sealed chamber.

[0059] The heat dissipation unit 3 includes a copper tube finned heat sink 301 and an independent air supply module 302. The independent air supply module 302 is a low-speed silent axial flow fan. The air outlet direction is set along the extension direction of the heat sink fins. The horizontal distance between the independent air supply module 302 and the hydrogen storage module 1 is 50cm, and they are arranged separately.

[0060] The heat dissipation unit 3 is equipped with an atomizing spray assembly 303 and an atomizing water recovery unit 304. The spray head of the atomizing spray assembly 303 is arranged opposite to the heat dissipation fins of the copper tube finned heat sink 301. The atomizing water recovery unit 304 includes a low-level water collection tank, a water purification device and a low-vibration silent micro water pump. The micro water pump is arranged separately from the hydrogen storage module 1. The atomizing water recovery unit 304 is connected to the atomizing spray assembly 303 through a pipeline to form a water-saving spray circulation pipeline.

[0061] The pipeline layout meets the following elevation relationships: the elevation of the cold water inlet of the heat exchange chamber of hydrogen storage module 1 is 50cm higher than the elevation of the hot water outlet; the elevation of the hot water inlet of heat dissipation unit 3 and the elevation of the fluid channel of heating interface 4 are both 30cm lower than the elevation of the hot water outlet of hydrogen storage module 1; the elevation of the hot water inlet of heat dissipation unit 3 is 20cm lower than its cold water outlet, and the elevation of the hot water inlet of heat dissipation unit 3 is 40cm higher than the elevation of the inlet of expansion tank 201.

[0062] A four-way interface 6 is installed on the pipeline between the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module 1 and the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit 3. The first interface of the four-way interface 6 is connected to the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module 1, the second interface is connected to the hot water drain outlet, the third interface is connected to the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit 3, and the fourth interface is connected to the return water pipe for hydrogen release and heating.

[0063] A three-way interface 7 is installed on the pipeline between the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline 202 and the cold water inlet of the partition heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module 1. The first interface of the three-way interface 7 is connected to the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline 202, the second interface is connected to the hot water pipe for hydrogen release and heating, and the third interface is connected to the cold water inlet of the partition heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module 1.

[0064] Solenoid valves 8 are installed on the rear pipes of the second, third, and fourth ports of the four-way interface 6. Check valves 206 are installed on the pipe between the outlet of the expansion tank 201 and the inverted U-shaped siphon pipe 202. Solenoid valves 8 are installed on the rear pipe of the second port of the three-way interface 7. All solenoid valves 8 are electrically connected to the control unit 5. The switching of the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release channels is realized through the precise opening and closing of the valve group. At the same time, the check valve 206 prevents the backflow of heat exchange medium and ensures the stability of the circulation channel.

[0065] The control unit 5 is a PLC control cabinet, which is electrically connected to the valve group, drive components and temperature sensor of the solid hydrogen storage unit, thermal circulation unit 2, heat dissipation unit 3 and heating interface 4. It is used to control the on and off of each unit, mode switching and component start and stop according to the temperature signal of the hydrogen storage unit 104.

[0066] Please see Figure 2 Based on the hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation control method of the above system, when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃, the following steps are included:

[0067] S1. After receiving the hydrogen absorption command, the control unit 5 confirms that the heat exchange pipeline has achieved full liquid and no gas through the synergistic effect of gravity difference and static pressure difference. Then, it opens the solenoid valves 8 of the first and third ports on the four-way interface of the heat circulation pipeline, closes the solenoid valves 8 of the second and fourth ports, and starts the pumpless thermosiphon working mode, so that the deionized water forms a gravity-driven closed circulation channel between the hydrogen storage module 1 and the heat circulation unit 2 and the heat dissipation unit 3.

[0068] S2. Open the solenoid valve of hydrogen charging port 102. The solid hydrogen storage unit absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The heat heats up the deionized water in hydrogen storage module 1. The deionized water is circulated in a closed loop through the pump-free thermosiphon working mode.

[0069] S3 and control unit 5 monitor the deionized water temperature at the inlet of heat dissipation unit 3 in real time through temperature sensor. When the real-time temperature is ≥35℃, the atomizing spray component 303 and independent air supply module 302 are activated. The atomizing spray + air cooling combined heat dissipation mode is adopted to gradually reduce the deionized water temperature at the outlet of heat dissipation unit 3 to ≤30℃. This causes the deionized water temperature flowing into hydrogen storage module 1 after passing through expansion tank 201 to gradually reduce to ≤30℃. During this process, the deionized water temperature in hydrogen storage module 1 gradually decreases from 65℃ to no higher than 28℃. The deionized water temperature after passing through copper tube fin heat sink 301 decreases from 65℃ to no higher than 30℃.

[0070] S4. When the temperature of the deionized water at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit 3 is less than 35°C, the control unit 5 shuts down the atomizing spray assembly 303 and keeps only the independent air supply module 302 running, adopting a pure air-cooled heat dissipation mode to ensure that the temperature of the deionized water at the outlet of the heat dissipation unit 3 is ≤30°C.

[0071] S5. When the control unit 5 detects that the temperature fluctuation of the deionized water at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit 3 is ≤±1℃ and stable below 28℃ for 3 consecutive minutes, the atomizing spray assembly 303 and the independent air supply module 302 are turned off, the solenoid valve 8 between the heat circulation unit 2 and the heat dissipation unit 3 is cut off, and the system stops absorbing hydrogen and dissipating heat.

[0072] During this process, the pressure of the partition wall heat exchange chamber 105 fluctuates as the heat exchange medium heats up / down. The pressure of the heat circulation unit 2 is regulated by the micro-opening pressure relief valve 204 and the sealed full-fill expansion tank 201 through the return pipe.

[0073] Please see Figure 3 The endothermic hydrogen release control method based on the above system includes the following steps:

[0074] K1 and control unit 5 receive hydrogen release command, close the solenoid valves of the second and third interfaces on the four-way interface of the hot circulation pipeline, and open the solenoid valves of the first and fourth interfaces on the four-way interface of the hot circulation pipeline, so that the heat exchange chamber 105 of the hydrogen storage module 1, the heating interface 4 pipeline and the hot circulation unit 2 form a closed liquid-filled sealed chamber, and start the heat absorption and hydrogen release working mode.

[0075] K2, deionized water at 85℃ flows into hydrogen storage module 1 through heating interface 4 at a preferred flow rate of ≤ (water volume of the partition heat exchange chamber * 0.2) / min. Solid hydrogen storage unit 104 absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and the deionized water cools down. The cooled deionized water flows out at a constant speed through the fourth interface of the four-way interface 6 on the hot water outlet side of hydrogen storage module 1. During the heat absorption and hydrogen release process, when the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage chamber 101 inside hydrogen storage module 1 reaches 1.5MPa, the set pressure valve 10 automatically opens to release hydrogen. When the hydrogen pressure is lower than 1.2MPa, the set pressure valve 10 automatically closes to stop hydrogen release. Control unit 5 achieves stable hydrogen release by coordinating the opening and closing of hydrogen release solenoid valve 9 with set pressure valve 10.

[0076] K3 and control unit 5 monitor the deionized water temperature at the hot water outlet of hydrogen storage module 1 in real time. When the temperature difference between the deionized water at the hot water outlet and the deionized water temperature at the heating interface 4 is ≤0.5℃ for 2 consecutive minutes, the external hot water heat source is shut off, the solenoid valve 8 between the heat circulation unit 2 and the heating interface 4 is cut off, and the system returns to standby state.

[0077] In this embodiment, the switching between hydrogen charging (hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation) and hydrogen discharging (heat absorption and hydrogen discharging) modes is automatically completed by the PLC control cabinet (control unit 5). The switching follows the control principle of closing before opening and synchronizing the flow channel and hydrogen path. The specific switching logic is as follows:

[0078] Switching from hydrogen absorption to hydrogen release: After receiving the hydrogen release command, the PLC first confirms that the system is in standby mode after the hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation have ended (the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of heat dissipation unit 3 meets the S5 shutdown requirements, the hot circulation channel is kept full of liquid and free of gas, and the hydrogen charging side valve group is closed). Then, it first cuts off the solenoid valve 8 connecting the hot circulation and heat dissipation unit 3 and the solenoid valve of hydrogen charging port 102. After the above valve group is completely closed, it opens the solenoid valve 8 connecting the hot circulation and heating interface 4 and the hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 9 to complete the synchronous switching of the hot flow channel and the hydrogen path, and automatically starts the heat absorption and hydrogen release working mode.

[0079] Switching from hydrogen release to hydrogen absorption: After receiving the hydrogen absorption command, the PLC first confirms that the system is in standby mode after the end of heat absorption and hydrogen release (the temperature difference between the hot water outlet of hydrogen storage module 1 and the heat exchange medium of heating interface 4 meets the K3 shutdown requirement, the hot circulation channel is kept full of liquid and free of gas, and the hydrogen release side valve group is closed). Then, it first cuts off the solenoid valve 8 and the hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 9 that connect the hot circulation and heating interface 4. After the above valve group is completely closed, it opens the solenoid valve 8 and the hydrogen charging port 102 that connect the hot circulation and heat dissipation unit 3, completing the synchronous switching of the hot flow channel and the hydrogen path, and automatically starts the pumpless thermosiphon hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation working mode.

[0080] During the switching process described above, the check valve 206 always prevents the heat exchange medium from flowing back, and the micro-opening pressure relief valve 204 adjusts the pressure inside the heat circulation unit 2 in real time to ensure stable system air pressure and no crossflow in the flow channel during the switching process.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0083] The hydrogen storage module 1 has a barrel-shaped cavity structure, which is suitable for installation in small spaces. The inner hydrogen storage cavity 101 is filled with a solid hydrogen storage unit 104 made of titanium-based hydrogen storage alloy. The partition-type heat exchange chamber 105 is filled with a mixed solution of deionized water and ethylene glycol (volume ratio 1:1) as the heat exchange medium, which is suitable for low-temperature operating environments.

[0084] The heat dissipation unit 3 does not have an atomizing spray component 303 and an atomizing water recovery unit 304. It only adopts a pure air-cooled heat dissipation mode with a copper tube finned heat sink 301 and an independent air supply module 302, which is a low heat dissipation power version to reduce system cost.

[0085] When the ambient temperature is 25℃, in step S5 of the hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation control method, when the control unit 5 detects that the temperature fluctuation of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit 3 is ≤±1℃ and stable below 23℃ for 3 consecutive minutes, the independent air supply module 302 is turned off, the solenoid valve 8 between the heat circulation unit 2 and the heat dissipation unit 3 is cut off, and the system stops hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation.

[0086] The micro-opening pressure relief valve 204 has an opening pressure of 0.3MPa, which is suitable for overpressure protection requirements when the heat exchange medium heats up and expands.

[0087] The hot water supply temperature is 50℃, and the opening pressure of the set pressure valve 10 is 0.6MPa, which is suitable for direct hydrogen use.

[0088] The expansion tank 201 is filled with heat exchange medium to 80% of its volume, with a 20% air chamber reserved to accommodate the volume shrinkage of the medium under low temperature conditions;

[0089] The remaining steps of the hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation and hydrogen absorption and release control method in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1. It can achieve vibration-free operation, stable gas pressure and direct hydrogen supply with low heat in low temperature environment, and adapt to the needs of specific industrial scenarios.

[0090] Precautions

[0091] When installing the hydrogen storage module 1 of the present invention, the elevation requirement must be ensured to ensure that the elevation difference between the hydrogen storage module and the expansion tank can form an effective synergistic effect of gravity difference and static pressure difference, so as to avoid cycle failure due to insufficient elevation.

[0092] Before starting the system, the partitioned heat exchange chamber and all heat exchange circulation channels must be filled with heat exchange medium, and the expansion tank must be filled to 80%-90% of its volume (do not fill it completely). Use the exhaust valve 203 to completely remove any residual air from the pipes and heat exchange chamber to ensure that the heat exchange circulation channels are full of liquid and free of air. Insufficient air reserve in the air chamber will cause excessive pressure fluctuations in the system and affect the circulation stability.

[0093] The set pressure valve 10 needs to be matched with a valve with the corresponding opening pressure according to the actual hydrogen release conditions, and the sealing of the hydrogen discharge port 103 pipeline must be ensured during installation to avoid hydrogen leakage.

[0094] The independent air supply module 302 of the heat dissipation unit 3 and the hydrogen storage module 1 must maintain a sufficient horizontal distance to avoid vibration transmission; the spray head of the atomizing spray assembly 303 must be cleaned regularly to prevent blockage from affecting the heat dissipation effect.

[0095] The temperature and pressure sensors of control unit 5 need to be calibrated regularly, and moving parts such as valve groups and pump bodies need to be maintained regularly to ensure the stability of system operation.

[0096] The expansion tank's air chamber requires no additional maintenance. Avoid manual venting or inflation, as this will disrupt the system's pressure balance. Before restarting after a long-term shutdown, check the expansion tank's liquid level to ensure the air chamber's reserve ratio meets requirements.

[0097] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vibration-free, partition-type solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen storage module, a thermal circulation unit, a heat dissipation unit, a heating interface, and a control unit; The hydrogen storage module has a closed cavity structure, which can be a barrel-shaped cavity structure or a double-sleeve cavity structure. The inner hydrogen storage cavity of the hydrogen storage module has a hydrogen filling port and a hydrogen venting port. The hydrogen filling port is used to connect to an external hydrogen source, and the hydrogen venting port is used to connect to an external hydrogen load. The inner hydrogen storage cavity is filled with a solid hydrogen storage unit made of titanium-based and / or rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys. A partitioned heat exchange chamber is formed between the inner hydrogen storage cavity and the outer shell of the hydrogen storage module. The heat exchange chamber is filled with a heat exchange medium, and the hydrogen storage module is completely sealed. The thermal circulation unit adopts a pump-free thermosiphon natural circulation structure. Before the system starts, the expansion tank and the partitioned heat exchange chamber are pre-filled with heat exchange medium. The gravity difference and static pressure difference formed by the elevation difference between the hydrogen storage module and the expansion tank are used to drive the heat exchange medium to flow slowly and discharge the residual air in the heat exchange pipeline through the top exhaust valve, so that the entire heat exchange pipeline is full of liquid and free of air. The installation elevation of the hydrogen storage module is higher than the core heat exchange components of the thermal circulation unit, heat dissipation unit and heating interface. The units are connected by pipelines to form a gravity-driven natural circulation channel. The heat dissipation unit includes a copper tube finned heat sink and an independent air supply module. The air outlet direction of the independent air supply module is set along the extension direction of the heat sink fins. The independent air supply module is a low-speed silent fan, and the independent air supply module is arranged separately from the hydrogen storage module. The heat dissipation unit may also optionally be equipped with an atomizing spray component, which is arranged opposite to the heat dissipation fins of the copper tube finned heat sink. The control unit is electrically connected to the thermal circulation unit, heat dissipation unit, valve group of the heating interface, drive component and temperature detection component, and is used to control the on / off of each unit, mode switching and component start / stop according to the temperature signal of the hydrogen storage unit.

2. The vibration-free partitioned solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Depending on the operating environment, the heat exchange medium can be selected from one of the following: pure water, deionized water, or a mixed solution of deionized water and ethylene glycol.

3. The vibration-free partitioned solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the heat dissipation unit is equipped with an atomizing spray assembly, the heat dissipation unit may also be equipped with an atomizing water recovery unit. The atomizing water recovery unit includes a low-level water collection tank, a water purification device, and a micro water pump. The micro water pump is a low-vibration, quiet type and is arranged separately from the hydrogen storage module. The atomizing water recovery unit is connected to the atomizing spray assembly through a pipeline to form a water-saving spray circulation pipeline.

4. The vibration-free partitioned solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal circulation unit includes a sealed, full-filled expansion tank, pipelines, valve assemblies, an exhaust valve, and a micro-opening pressure relief valve. The exhaust valve is located at the highest point of the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline, and the micro-opening pressure relief valve is located at the highest point of the sealed, full-filled expansion tank. The outlet of the pressure relief valve is connected to a return pipe and then to the cold water inlet of the expansion tank. The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is 0.2-0.3 MPa. The outlet of the expansion tank is connected to the cold water inlet of the indirect heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module via an inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline. The inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline is a full-filled, sealed structure, and its lifting height does not exceed the theoretical siphon height corresponding to standard atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa. The cooperation of the pipelines and valve assemblies forms a closed, full-filled, sealed chamber integrating the hydrogen storage module's indirect heat exchange chamber, the heating interface pipeline, and the thermal circulation unit during the hydrogen release and heat absorption stage. The pipeline arrangement satisfies the following elevation relationship: The cold water inlet elevation of the heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module is higher than the hot water outlet elevation, while the hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit and the fluid channel elevation of the heating interface are not higher than the hot water outlet elevation of the hydrogen storage module. The hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit is lower than its cold water outlet elevation, and the hot water inlet elevation of the heat dissipation unit is higher than the inlet elevation of the expansion tank.

5. The vibration-free partitioned solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A four-way connector is provided on the pipeline between the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module and the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit. The first interface of the four-way connector is connected to the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module, the second interface is connected to the hot water drain outlet, the third interface is connected to the hot water inlet of the heat dissipation unit, and the fourth interface is connected to the return water pipe for hydrogen release and heating. A tee connector is installed on the pipeline between the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline and the cold water inlet of the partition wall heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module. The first interface of the tee connector is connected to the inverted U-shaped siphon pipeline, the second interface is connected to the hot water pipe for hydrogen release and heating, and the third interface is connected to the cold water inlet of the partition wall heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module.

6. The vibration-free partitioned solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Solenoid valves are installed on the rear end pipes of the second, third, and fourth ports of the four-way interface; a check valve is installed on the pipe between the outlet of the expansion tank and the inverted U-shaped siphon pipe; a solenoid valve is installed on the rear end pipe of the second port of the three-way interface; all solenoid valves are electrically connected to the control unit, and the switching of the hydrogen absorption and release flow channels is realized by the valve group opening and closing, and the check valve prevents the backflow of heat exchange medium to ensure the stability of the circulation channel.

7. A method for controlling hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation based on the vibration-free partitioned solid hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After receiving the hydrogen absorption command, the control unit confirms that the heat exchange pipeline has achieved full liquid and no gas through the combined effect of gravity difference and static pressure difference. Then, it opens the solenoid valve on the heat circulation pipeline, closes the solenoid valve on the heat absorption and hydrogen release pipeline, and starts the pumpless thermosiphon working mode, so that the heat exchange medium forms a gravity-driven closed circulation channel between the hydrogen storage module and the heat circulation unit and heat dissipation unit. S2. Open the hydrogen charging port solenoid valve. The solid hydrogen storage unit absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The heat raises the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the hydrogen storage module. The heat exchange medium circulates in a closed loop through the pump-free thermosiphon working mode. S3. The control unit monitors the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit in real time. If the real-time temperature is ≥35℃, the atomizing spray component and independent air supply module are activated. The atomizing spray + air cooling combined heat dissipation mode is adopted to gradually reduce the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the outlet of the heat dissipation unit to ≤30℃. The temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing into the hydrogen storage module after passing through the expansion tank is also gradually reduced to ≤30℃. S4. The control unit monitors the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit in real time. If the real-time temperature is less than 35℃, only the independent air supply module is activated to adopt the pure air-cooled heat dissipation mode, so as to achieve a heat exchange medium temperature of ≤30℃ at the outlet of the heat dissipation unit. S5. When the ambient temperature is ≥30℃, the control unit detects that the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit is stable below 28℃. When the ambient temperature is <30℃, the control unit detects that the temperature of the heat exchange medium at the inlet of the heat dissipation unit is stable to 2℃ below the ambient temperature, and shuts off the atomizing spray assembly and the independent air supply module, cuts off the solenoid valve between the heat circulation unit and the heat dissipation unit, and the system stops absorbing hydrogen and dissipating heat.

8. The hydrogen absorption and heat dissipation control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, under the combined heat dissipation mode of atomized spraying and air cooling, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the hydrogen storage module gradually decreases from 65°C to no higher than 28°C, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium after passing through the copper tube finned heat sink decreases from no higher than 65°C to no higher than 30°C.

9. A method for controlling the endothermic and hydrogen release of a vibration-free, partition-type solid-state hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: K1. When the control unit receives the hydrogen release command, it closes the solenoid valve on the heat circulation pipeline connected to the heat dissipation unit and opens the solenoid valve on the heat absorption and hydrogen release pipeline, so that the heat exchange chamber of the hydrogen storage module, the heating interface pipeline and the heat circulation unit form a closed liquid-filled sealed chamber, and start the heat absorption and hydrogen release working mode. K2, heat exchange medium with a temperature ≥28℃ flows into the hydrogen storage module through the heating interface. The solid hydrogen storage unit absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and the heat exchange medium is cooled down. The cooled heat exchange medium flows out through the fourth interface of the four-way interface on the hot water outlet side of the hydrogen storage module. K3, the control unit monitors the temperature of the hot water outlet of the hydrogen storage module in real time. When the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium at the hot water outlet and the heat exchange medium at the heating interface is ≤0.5℃ for 2 consecutive minutes, the external stable heat source is shut off, the solenoid valve between the heat circulation unit and the heating interface is cut off, and the system returns to standby mode.

10. The endothermic hydrogen release control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module's vent pipe is also equipped with a solenoid valve and a set pressure valve in sequence. The opening pressure of the set pressure valve is 0.05-1.5 MPa. During the heat absorption and hydrogen release process, the control unit uses the on / off state of the solenoid valve in conjunction with the opening pressure of the set pressure valve to achieve stable heat absorption and hydrogen release in the hydrogen storage chamber inside the hydrogen storage module under the set pressure. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage chamber is lower than the opening pressure of the set pressure valve, the set pressure valve automatically closes and stops hydrogen release.

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