Digital method and device for extracting elements of engineering drawings and real-time quantity checking

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of highway engineering information modeling, and particularly relates to a digital method and device for extracting engineering drawing elements and real-time quantity checking. The method comprises the following steps: S1, generating a three-dimensional BIM model according to a two-dimensional engineering drawing; S2, splitting the three-dimensional BIM model to obtain a BIM model component and a size parameter of the BIM model component; S3, calculating the volume of the component according to the size parameter of the three-dimensional BIM model component, and connecting the three-dimensional BIM model component with an engineering progress; S4, calculating the volume of the component corresponding to the completed engineering in real time according to the engineering progress to generate a bill of quantities; wherein the volume of the simply supported beam bridge comprises the volume of the beam piece and the volume of the wet joint, and the longitudinal slope rate of the road longitudinal slope and the transverse slope rate of the road transverse slope are taken as the calculation parameters of the volume of the simply supported beam bridge. The application is used for realizing more accurate engineering calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of highway engineering information modeling, specifically to digital methods and devices for extracting elements from engineering drawings and conducting real-time quantity verification. Background Technology

[0002] In construction project management, the comprehensive and coordinated control of factors such as quality, schedule, cost, and safety is a key aspect of improving project implementation efficiency. When designing control software, it's common practice to establish segmented relationships between different business departments, linking all components of the entire project. This allows for real-time correlation between project progress and material consumption data, enabling timely identification of abnormal behaviors such as excessive or duplicate material requisitions, and thus controlling costs, monitoring quality, and ensuring construction progress.

[0003] The prerequisite for quality monitoring and material consumption statistics is to disassemble the BIM model components of the project in a realistic manner and calculate the volume of the disassembled components. Only then can a series of monitoring measures such as accurate material quantity calculation and cost control be carried out. Although there are some methods in the existing technology that can disassemble BIM model components, they are all rough disassembly and calculations and cannot accurately reflect costs and material losses.

[0004] The patent "A BIM-based 3D building model splitting and processing method" (publication number CN115510545A) discloses a BIM-based 3D building model splitting and processing method, including the following steps: S1: Formulating collaborative drawing and element naming standards for 2D drawings and strictly following the standards for drawing; S2: Automatically splitting 2D drawings using automatic model conversion software; S3: Accurately capturing element information using self-developed software; S4: Automatically matching the identified information with prefabricated components in the family library; S5: Directly placing 3D components in place by reading the position information of components in the 2D drawings; S6: Completing the model and automatically uploading it to the collaborative management platform; S7: Guiding the processing and on-site construction of prefabricated components. This invention achieves seamless connection between 2D and 3D drawing information and component information flow by establishing a link between 2D and 3D drawing information.

[0005] However, the existing calculation method has a problem: when converting two-dimensional drawings into three-dimensional models, some geometric dimensions of the components are missing, and only a rough estimate can be made. Furthermore, in engineering construction, some components are irregular, especially those laid out with curves, making it difficult to extract accurate parameters from two-dimensional drawings to estimate the component volume. Summary of the Invention

[0006] For irregular components and curved components in the construction process, this invention provides specific calculation methods based on actual conditions, and proposes a digital method and device for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification, so as to achieve more accurate engineering quantity calculation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution is as follows: A digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification is characterized by the following steps: S1, Generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; S2, decompose the 3D BIM model to obtain the BIM model components and their dimensional parameters; S3, link the three-dimensional BIM model components with the project schedule; S4. Based on the project progress and the size parameters of the BIM model components, calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed project in real time and generate a bill of quantities. The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0008] Preferably, step S2 includes the following steps: Based on the coordinate and annotation information in the 3D BIM model, select the model components to be split; The model components are split into multiple model sub-components according to different splitting methods.

[0009] Preferably, the splitting method includes splitting by reference line, splitting by real-time set spacing, splitting by fixed spacing, and splitting by fixed number of segments.

[0010] Preferably, the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided using two methods: reference line segmentation and fixed segmentation, specifically including: The number of segments to be divided into for the bridge deck components of a simply supported beam bridge is determined based on the spacing of the piers and abutments. Based on the number of segments, the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided into several segments along the road mileage direction, with the beam end line as the reference line, to form the first sub-component. The dimensional parameters of the first sub-component are obtained, and the first sub-component is either a beam segment or a wet joint.

[0011] Preferably, step S3, linking the three-dimensional BIM model components with the project schedule, specifically includes: According to the project progress, the first sub-component is numbered in chronological order of its construction to obtain the component code; The component code is bound to the first sub-component; and a status field for the first sub-component is added, wherein the status of the first sub-component includes not built, under construction, and completed construction.

[0012] Preferably, the volume calculation method for simply supported beam bridges includes: On the road surface of the first sub-component, along the road cross slope direction, the end line of the first end beam is transformed from a curve into several first line segments according to the transverse slope ratio; Based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the second beam end line opposite to the beam end line at the first end is calculated. The line connecting the beam end line at the first end and the beam end line at the second end, together with the first line segment and the second line segment, forms a sub-plane of the first sub-component. The sub-plane constitutes the second sub-component along the thickness direction of the bridge deck. Calculate the area of ​​the subplane using geometric formulas; The volume of the second sub-component is calculated based on the area of ​​the sub-plane and the thickness of the bridge deck. Sum the volumes of the second sub-components to obtain the volume of the first sub-component; Summing up several first sub-components yields the volume of the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0013] Preferably, the step of converting the curve of the first end beam end line into several first line segments along the road cross slope direction on the road surface of the first sub-component according to the transverse slope ratio specifically includes the following steps: Step A: Establish the benchmark point, taking the intersection point O of the straight line containing the beam centerline or wet joint centerline and the beam end line as the benchmark point; Step B: Using the reference point, calculate the horizontal offset of the beam segment or wet joint edge relative to the reference point; Offset (Δ) ≈ Design gap height at beam end (h) × Lateral slope (i); h refers to the effective vertical distance from the bottom of the beam to the top surface of the bridge deck pavement at the break point; i refers to the transverse slope of the road surface at the break point. Step C: Determine the offset direction; For a one-way cross slope: all points deflect in the same direction; For a two-way cross slope: take the intersection point O' of the road centerline and the beam end line as the boundary, the left edge point is shifted to the left by Δ, and the right edge point is shifted to the right by Δ. Step D: Connect the reference point O with the new endpoints on both sides after offset by straight lines to form a broken line; Step E: Subdivide into multiple segments. Along the transverse slope, take a calculation point at a preset distance and calculate the offset of each segment. Then, use a series of continuous short line segments to approximate the theoretical spatial curve.

[0014] Preferably, based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the beam end line at the second end relative to the beam end line at the first end is calculated, specifically including: Select the calculation reference point: Select the intersection point P1 of the center line of the beam or wet joint surface and the first line segment as the reference point, and the coordinates of P1 are known (X1, Y1, Z1); Calculate the longitudinal elevation difference: Based on the longitudinal slope and horizontal distance, calculate the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 on the second end beam end line; ΔZ = g × L; where L is the projected distance between the two beam end lines on the horizontal plane; g is the longitudinal slope; Determine the planar position (X2, Y2) of point P2: Move horizontally by a distance L from point P1 in the direction of road travel or in the direction of road retreat along the centerline of the beam or wet joint surface to obtain the planar coordinates (X2, Y2) of point P2; Determine the elevation (Z2) of point P2: Z2 = Z1 + ΔZ, where Z1 is the horizontal plane used for reference; ΔZ is the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 on the second end beam end line. Calculate the coordinates of other edge points: In addition to the center point P1, there are also left edge point A1 and right edge point B1 on the beam end line at the starting point. Since the two beam end lines are parallel in space, the vector from P1 to A1 is exactly the same as the vector from P2 to A2. Calculate the vector: V = A1 - P1 (This is a three-dimensional vector containing ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ components). Calculate the coordinates A2 of the left edge point of the second line segment: A2 = P2 + V; Calculate the coordinates of the right edge point B2 of the second line segment: B2 = P2 + (B1 - P1); Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the three key control points P2, A2, and B2 of the second line segment. Preferably, step S1 includes the following steps: S11, extracting the parameters of the component from the two-dimensional engineering drawings; S12, generating a three-dimensional BIM model based on the constructed parameters.

[0015] Based on the same concept, a digital device for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification was also proposed, including: The conversion module is used to generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; The split module is used to split the 3D BIM model to obtain BIM model components and their dimensional parameters. The connection module is used to calculate the volume of the component based on the dimensional parameters of the 3D BIM model component, and to link the 3D BIM model component with the project schedule. The bill of quantities generation module is used to calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed works in real time according to the project progress and generate the bill of quantities. The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: when modeling from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, the structural characteristics of irregular components are considered for volume calculation, rather than treating all components as standard three-dimensional components, thus achieving more accurate engineering quantity calculation, realizing real-time accurate quantity calculation in construction projects, and providing the possibility for real-time quantity review. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific steps involved in generating a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings in Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of splitting a three-dimensional BIM model in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a simply supported beam bridge according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge deck components of the segmented simply supported beam bridge in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first sub-component in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the evenly divided beam segments in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing that the bottom area of ​​the beam in Embodiment 1 of this application is trapezoidal; Figure 9 This is a typical bill of quantities diagram in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the component structure tree in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mapping relationship between the bill of quantities and design data in Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for calculating the volume of a simply supported beam bridge in Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 13 This is a simplified curved bridge diagram corresponding to the simply supported beam bridge on the horizontal curve in Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the placement of expansion joints in Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the volume calculation of an irregular structural component in Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the digital device for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review in Embodiment 4 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter of the present application to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present application fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," "outer," and "side" used in the description of specific embodiments of this application to indicate orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is usually placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the solution in this application or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, so as to enable those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" only distinguish one entity or operation from another, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary or secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] Example 1 A digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification, flowchart as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the steps include: S1, Generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; S2, decompose the 3D BIM model to obtain the BIM model components and their dimensional parameters; S3, link the three-dimensional BIM model components with the project schedule; S4. Based on the project progress and the size parameters of the BIM model components, calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed project in real time and generate a bill of quantities.

[0023] The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific steps in step S1 for generating a 3D BIM model from 2D engineering drawings are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following: S11, Obtain component parameters from two-dimensional engineering drawings. Extracting component parameter information from engineering drawings primarily relies on CAD software. The DATAEXTRACTION command within this software supports extracting common attributes such as block properties and polyline length / area, and supports Excel spreadsheets as the output format. The operation steps are as follows: To invoke the command: Select the menu bar [Tools], click [Data Extraction] under the [Tools] bar, or enter the command line command DATAEXTRACTION 25.

[0025] To export data, follow these steps in sequence: create a new data extraction; select the target graph; set the output fields; preview and export the data.

[0026] You can also use the LI command to list text data, manually copy it to Excel, and use the query command to obtain component parameter information, which is suitable for simple graphics (such as polyline vertex coordinates, point object coordinates).

[0027] For attribute blocks (such as title bar information), extract tags and values ​​by clicking "Tools" and then "Attribute Extraction" in the menu, or by using the command EATTEXT. Combine filters, batch commands, or custom scripts to improve batch extraction efficiency.

[0028] S12, Generate a 3D BIM model based on the component parameters. The quantity and coordinate position of each component in the 2D drawings are determined by component type, and the annotation information of each component after classification is identified; 3D modeling is performed based on the component table, the coordinate position of each component and the annotation information of each component to convert the 2D drawings into a 3D BIM model.

[0029] The component annotation information includes all graphic symbols and textual annotations used to define, describe, and limit the component's geometric attributes, spatial location, functional characteristics, and relationships on two-dimensional drawings. Specifically, the annotation information can be divided into the following categories: 1. Geometric dimensions and shape information define the shape and size of the component.

[0030] Linear / angular annotations: such as the length, width, and height of beams; the cross-sectional dimensions of columns (e.g., 400x400); the thickness of walls; the thickness of slabs; the diameter of pipes (e.g., DN150), etc.

[0031] Elevation labeling: Defines the spatial position of a component in the vertical direction, and is key to determining the Z-coordinate in 3D modeling. Examples include floor elevation (±0.000), beam top elevation (+3.300), and pipe center elevation.

[0032] 2. Component identification and attribute information: This type of information associates graphics with specific component types, specifications, materials, and other attributes.

[0033] Text annotations / notes: Text descriptions directly marked on the drawings. Such as "C30 concrete", "200mm thick aerated concrete block", "H-beam HW400x400x13x21", "fire door FM-1021", etc.

[0034] Marking symbols / labels: Labels with leading lines usually link to detailed attributes or models. Examples include door and window markings (M1, C2), equipment numbers (P-101), and pipe numbers (W-1 represents water supply pipe No. 1).

[0035] Fill patterns: Different fill patterns represent different materials, such as concrete, brick, insulation layer, soil, etc., and are an important basis for identifying the material and layered structure of components.

[0036] 3. Topology and relationship information, which defines the connections, supports and spatial logical relationships between components.

[0037] Axis numbering and dimensions: The positioning dimensions of a component (column, wall) relative to axis (A, 1) determine its precise position in the planar grid system.

[0038] Connection symbols and detail indexes: such as beam-column joint detail indexes, pipe connection methods (welding, flange), rebar anchorage and lap splice symbols, etc., to guide the connection methods and detailed construction of components in the 3D model.

[0039] Section symbols and view orientation: These indicate the perspective from which the component is viewed, which is crucial for understanding the three-dimensional morphology of complex components.

[0040] 4. Specialized and System Information In-depth information for specific disciplines. For example: Structural engineering: reinforcement markings (e.g., 4Φ25), reinforcement ratio, load markings, etc. Architectural engineering: door and window types, fire resistance ratings, finishing materials, etc. Mechanical and electrical engineering (MEP): pipe slope, flow direction arrows, equipment power, system type (air conditioning, fire sprinkler), etc.

[0041] Preferably, in step S12 of this embodiment, when generating a three-dimensional BIM model based on the parameters of the components, the annotation information includes, but is not limited to: dimension annotations (length, width, height, diameter, thickness), text annotations, information in marking symbols (such as model, material, specifications), connection relationship information, and system type information. The dimension annotations (length, width, height, diameter, thickness) drive the generation of three-dimensional entities; the information in text annotations and marking symbols (such as model, material, specifications) is written into the "attributes" field of the BIM model, making the model an information carrier; based on connection relationships, system type, and other information, logical relationships between components (such as beam support plates, pipe connection equipment) are established in the BIM software, forming a complete system, rather than just isolated three-dimensional volumes.

[0042] Furthermore, in S2, the 3D BIM model is split to obtain the BIM model component library and the dimensional parameters of the BIM model components.

[0043] The flowchart for breaking down a 3D BIM model is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, based on the coordinate and annotation information of the 3D BIM model, the selected component (vertical or horizontal) is split into multiple sub-components using different splitting methods. These methods include splitting by reference line, splitting by set spacing, splitting by fixed spacing, and splitting by a fixed number of segments. Depending on actual needs, the split sub-components can be further split into the next level.

[0044] Using a simply supported beam bridge as an example, the process of disassembling the components is illustrated. A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a simply supported beam bridge is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided using two methods: reference line segmentation and fixed segmentation. Specifically, this includes: The number of segments to be divided into for the bridge deck components of a simply supported beam bridge is determined based on the spacing of the piers and abutments. This division divides the bridge deck into several segments along the mileage direction, facilitating subsequent segmentation processing. A schematic diagram of the segmented bridge deck components is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the bridge deck components of a simply supported beam bridge are divided into multiple segments between two piers, using the beam end lines as boundaries.

[0045] Based on the stated number of segments, along the road mileage direction, using the beam end line as a reference line, the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided into several segments to form the first sub-component. The dimensional parameters of the first sub-component are then obtained. The first sub-component is either a beam segment or a wet joint. A schematic diagram of the first sub-component is shown below. Figure 6 As shown. For each bridge deck segment, existing technologies typically divide it into beam segments of identical structural dimensions (e.g., all cuboids or cubes). The wet joints between these beam segments are also cubes or cuboids of identical dimensions. A top-view diagram of a simply supported beam bridge, showing the evenly divided beam segments, is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the base area of ​​the beam segment is rectangular. When calculating the volume, the volume and quantity of work are directly calculated as a cube. However, in actual construction, the beam end lines at both ends are not of equal length and have errors. In this embodiment, the beam end lines at both ends are divided equally to obtain the equal division points of the beam end lines at both ends. Then, the equal division points at both ends are connected to each other, thus dividing one end of the bridge deck into several beam segments with trapezoidal base areas. The base area of ​​the wet joint between the beam segments is also trapezoidal.

[0046] Therefore, when disassembling the bridge deck components of a simply supported beam bridge, it is directly disassembled into cubes with trapezoidal base areas, rather than abstracting them into cuboids or cubes. This more precise disassembly results in more accurate calculations of the engineering quantities. A schematic diagram of a simply supported beam bridge viewed from above, with the beam end lines evenly divided and the beam segments having trapezoidal base areas, is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the upper beam end line is divided into five equal parts, and the lower beam end line is divided into five equal parts. The endpoints of each line segment are connected to form five trapezoids, no longer as shown. Figure 7 Inside, the beams are divided into equal-width sections using the road centerline as the boundary. This equal width of the beams is converted into equal bottom areas, eliminating errors caused by unequal lengths of the two beam end lines.

[0047] Furthermore, S3 links the 3D BIM model components with the project schedule, specifically including: According to the project progress, the first sub-component is numbered in chronological order of its construction to obtain the component code; The component code is bound to the first sub-component; and a status field for the first sub-component is added, wherein the status of the first sub-component includes not built, under construction, and completed construction.

[0048] The purpose of linking BIM model components with the project schedule is to be able to find the corresponding 3D components according to the project schedule, and to clearly mark the status of the 3D components. By selecting the component according to the component code and filtering the status of a certain mark, the volume of the 3D component can be calculated, thereby calculating the quantity.

[0049] The above steps are illustrated using a simply supported beam bridge as an example (constructing a 3-span simply supported beam bridge, with each span consisting of 5 precast T-beams): The BIM model has already created a complete 3D model, including all components such as piers, cap beams, supports, precast T-beams, bridge deck pavement, and guardrails. Now it needs to be linked to the construction schedule (e.g., construct pier 1 first, then erect the first span of the beam, etc.).

[0050] 1. Number the components according to their construction time sequence based on the project progress to obtain component codes. This is a crucial step in binding physical components to a timeline. The coding rules need to include time / sequence information.

[0051] Rule setting: Establish a coding rule: bridge part - construction stage - serial number.

[0052] Bridge components: P (Pier), G (Girder), D (Deck deck), etc.

[0053] Construction phase: You can use the planned start week, such as W01 to represent the first week of construction.

[0054] Serial number: The sequential number of the internal components in this stage.

[0055] Example of generating component codes: In the first week, the plan is to construct the pile foundations and pier bodies for piers No. 1 and No. 2.

[0056] Component codes: P-W01-001 (Pier No. 1), P-W01-002 (Pier No. 2).

[0057] In the third week, the plan is to erect the first span (between piers 1 and 2) of 5 precast T-beams.

[0058] Component codes: G-W03-001 (first span, first beam), G-W03-002 (first span, second beam) ... G-W03-005 (first span, fifth beam).

[0059] In the fifth week, the plan is to pave the first span of the bridge deck.

[0060] Component code: D-W05-001 (First span bridge deck pavement).

[0061] 2. Bind component codes to BIM sub-components In BIM software (such as Revit, Bentley, Tekla, etc.), each model component (such as a T-beam or a bridge pier) has a unique "ID" and "Attributes" column.

[0062] In the attribute list of each component, add a new "Project Parameter" or "Shared Parameter" field, named "Component Code". Manually or batch-enter the code generated in the first step (e.g., G-W03-002) into the component code field of the corresponding T-beam, either directly or through a plugin. Each beam and pier in the model now has an "identity card" representing its planned construction time.

[0063] 3. Add a status field to the component and update the status. Similarly, add a new "Status" field to the component properties. Status values ​​include Not Built, Under Construction, and Completed.

[0064] This status needs to be updated according to the actual progress of the project.

[0065] For example: At the start of the project, all components were in an unbuilt state.

[0066] On Monday of the third week, begin hoisting beam G-W03-002: In the BIM collaboration platform or software, manually or via the progress update interface, change the status of this component to "Under Construction".

[0067] On Tuesday of the third week, beam G-W03-002 was hoisted into place and welded, and its status was updated to completed construction.

[0068] Furthermore, step S4 includes calculating the volume of the components corresponding to the completed project in real time based on the project progress and the size parameters of the BIM model components, and generating a bill of quantities.

[0069] The bill of quantities includes the required materials, processes, labor, and quality. A typical bill of quantities is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, referring to the sub-items of highway engineering, this paper illustrates the method of generating a bill of quantities. Taking the engineering entity as the main research object, it proposes a coding structure tree for subgrade, pavement, bridges, culverts, tunnels, etc., and gives the principles and methods for model structure expansion to ensure the consistency and uniformity of model hierarchy and structure throughout the entire life cycle. The component structure tree is as follows. Figure 10 As shown.

[0070] Based on a database-driven collaborative quantity calculation model, modifications to graph data drive real-time platform data updates and dynamically link design information, enabling a mapping and association between the bill of quantities and design data. The mapping relationship is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0071] Database-based collaborative quantity surveying is a method for calculating and managing engineering quantities based on database technology. It centrally stores data such as design drawings and material information in a database, enabling real-time updates and calculations of engineering quantities through multi-user collaboration. The main characteristics of this method include: 1. Centralized data management: All relevant data is stored in a central database, ensuring data consistency and integrity.

[0072] 2. Multi-user collaboration: Supports multiple users to access and modify the database simultaneously, enabling collaborative work.

[0073] 3. Real-time calculation: The project quantity is calculated and updated in real time based on changes to the design drawings.

[0074] 4. Automation: Automatically calculates engineering quantities, reducing manual intervention.

[0075] 5. Traceability: Records the history of all data changes, facilitating tracking and auditing.

[0076] When design drawings are modified, these modifications drive real-time updates of platform data through the following steps: 1. Data Capture: Captures changes to drawings by re-uploading the modified drawing file.

[0077] 2. Data Analysis: Parse the captured drawing modification information into structured data to understand the specific content and scope of the modifications.

[0078] 3. Database Update: Update the parsed data to the central database, replacing or supplementing the original design information.

[0079] 4. Triggered Calculation: When the triggers or event listeners in the database detect data changes, they automatically trigger the engineering quantity calculation program.

[0080] 5. Real-time calculation: The calculation program recalculates the affected quantities of work based on the latest design information.

[0081] 6. Data Publishing: Publish the updated engineering quantity data to other modules and user interfaces of the platform to ensure that all relevant parties can see the latest data.

[0082] Dynamic linkage of design information refers to the automatic updating of all related information when a certain part of the design information changes, ensuring data consistency and accuracy. The linkage mechanism typically includes the following steps: 1. Dependency Establishment: Establish a dependency model between design information to clarify which information is interrelated.

[0083] 2. Event-driven: When a design information changes, the system generates an event.

[0084] 3. Event propagation: Events are propagated through the system to all relevant design information and modules.

[0085] 4. Automatic Update: Modules that receive events automatically update their data to reflect design changes.

[0086] 5. Consistency check: The system performs a consistency check to ensure that all relevant data has been updated correctly.

[0087] 6. User Notification: If the update affects the work of other users, the system will notify the relevant users so that they can make adjustments in a timely manner.

[0088] The bill of quantities uses unique sub-item numbers to distinguish the quantities of each component. In the bill of quantities, the sub-item number corresponding to the concrete quantity of the bridge pier is 410-2-b. Figure 8 The structure tree distinguishes components by codes. For example, bridge (16-03.00.00.00) - substructure (17-03.02.00.00) - pier (18-04.04.00.00) - pier column, pier column segment (18-04.04.02.00). Under the pier column segment, there is an attribute of concrete strength grade and usage. The mapping relationship is used to regularly associate 410-2-b with 16-03.00.00.00-17-03.02.00.00-18-04.04.00.00-18-04.04.02.00 - concrete strength grade and usage, so as to realize the data transfer.

[0089] The database design includes a bill of quantities design table and a component sub-item structure tree design table. The unique identifier for the bill of quantities is the sub-item number. Component quantities are obtained by distinguishing between component levels and component attributes through the structure tree. Initially, a mapping between sub-item numbers and level codes ensures that each component in the component tree corresponds to its position in the bill of quantities, providing data support for the application of the bill of quantities. This data mapping significantly reduces the workload of filling out the bill of quantities and data entry for designers, freeing up designers and improving work efficiency and quality, while ensuring data accuracy and consistency.

[0090] In the process of calculating the volume of components corresponding to completed projects in real time, calculating the volume of irregular components, such as those laid out with curves, is challenging. Current technology typically treats components as equivalent to various regular cubes for volume calculation. While the calculated volume can reflect the quantity of work to some extent, equating irregular components with regular components results in coarse calculations. The calculated values ​​have significant discrepancies with the actual construction volume, making real-time quantity verification impossible. Therefore, for irregular components, targeted volume calculations are necessary. The following explanation uses a simply supported beam bridge as an example.

[0091] Example 2 The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0092] The volume calculation methods for simply supported beam bridges include: On the road surface of the first sub-component, along the road cross slope direction, the end line of the first end beam is transformed from a curve into several first line segments according to the transverse slope ratio; Based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the second beam end line opposite to the beam end line at the first end is calculated. The line connecting the beam end line at the first end and the beam end line at the second end, together with the first line segment and the second line segment, forms a sub-plane of the first sub-component. The sub-plane constitutes the second sub-component along the thickness direction of the bridge deck. Calculate the area of ​​the subplane using geometric formulas; The volume of the second sub-component is calculated based on the area of ​​the sub-plane and the thickness of the bridge deck. Sum the volumes of the second sub-components to obtain the volume of the first sub-component; Summing up several first sub-components yields the volume of the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0093] Furthermore, the step of converting the curve of the first end beam end line into several first line segments along the road cross slope direction on the road surface of the first sub-component according to the transverse slope ratio specifically includes the following steps: Step A: Establish the benchmark point, taking the intersection point O of the straight line containing the beam centerline or wet joint centerline and the beam end line as the benchmark point; Step B: Using the reference point, calculate the horizontal offset of the beam segment or wet joint edge relative to the reference point; The offset calculation formula is: Δ = h' × i; h' refers to the effective vertical distance from the bottom of the beam to the top surface of the bridge deck pavement at the break point; i refers to the transverse slope of the road surface at the break point; Δ is the offset. Step C: Determine the offset direction; For a one-way cross slope: all points deflect in the same direction; For a two-way cross slope: take the intersection point O' of the road centerline and the beam end line as the boundary, the left edge point is shifted to the left by Δ1, and the right edge point is shifted to the right by Δ2. Step D: Connect the reference point O with the new endpoints on both sides after offset by straight lines to form a broken line; Step E: Subdivide into multiple segments. Along the transverse slope, take a calculation point at a preset distance and calculate the offset of each segment. Then, use a series of continuous short line segments to approximate the theoretical spatial curve.

[0094] Furthermore, Based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the beam end line at the second end relative to the beam end line at the first end is calculated, specifically including: Select the calculation reference point: Select the intersection point P1 of the center line of the beam or wet joint surface and the first line segment as the reference point, and the coordinates of P1 are known (X1, Y1, Z1); Calculate the longitudinal elevation difference: Based on the longitudinal slope and horizontal distance, calculate the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 on the second end beam end line; ΔZ = g × L; where L is the projected distance between the two beam end lines on the horizontal plane; g is the longitudinal slope; Determine the planar position (X2, Y2) of point P2: Move horizontally by a distance L from point P1 in the direction of road travel or in the direction of road retreat along the centerline of the beam or wet joint surface to obtain the planar coordinates (X2, Y2) of point P2; Determine the elevation of point P2: Z2 = Z1 + ΔZ, where Z1 is the horizontal plane used for reference; ΔZ is the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 on the second end beam end line; and Z2 is the elevation of point P2. Calculate the coordinates of other edge points: In addition to the center point P1, there are also left edge point A1 and right edge point B1 on the beam end line at the starting point; Calculate the vector: V = A1 - P1; Calculate the coordinates A2 of the left edge point of the second line segment: A2 = P2 + V; Calculate the coordinates of the right edge point B2 of the second line segment: B2 = P2 + (B1 - P1); The three-dimensional coordinates of the three key control points P2, A2, and B2 of the second line segment are obtained.

[0095] Example 3 The calculation of the volume of a simply supported beam bridge also includes the following methods, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 12 As shown: S41. For simply supported beam bridges located on horizontal curves, the bridge is laid out as a polygonal line in the plane. That is, the line connecting the centers of all piers on the centerline of the entire route is used as the bridge span axis, transforming the curved bridge into a polygonal bridge; a simplified curved bridge diagram corresponding to a simply supported beam bridge on a horizontal curve is shown below. Figure 13 As shown.

[0096] S42. The difference between the curve length and the chord length of the centers of two adjacent piers (abutments) is negligible. That is, the curve length is equal to the chord length. S43. The intersection angle β of a bridge located on a horizontal curve is the angle between the tangent of the curve at the center of each pier and the transverse axis of each pier along the direction of travel along the route.

[0097] S44. Offset Design Centerline Method. To offset the design centerline, first offset the baseline according to the width of each main beam, find the intersection point of the offset curve with the centerline of the cap beam, and then connect the intersection points on the front and rear cap beams to obtain the initial edge line of the main beam.

[0098] S45. Offset of the Pier Centerline. Using the centerline connecting the bridge piers as the baseline, offset is performed. First, the baseline is offset according to the width of each main beam. Each beam is then laid out, and the intersection point of the offset straight line and the centerline of the cap beam is found. Then, the intersection points on the front and rear cap beams are connected to obtain the initial main beam edge lines. The initial main beam edge lines are parallel to each other; the offset is a straight line.

[0099] The S46 bridge abutment centerline is established by first connecting the centers of the two abutments, which serves as the bridge centerline – essentially a straight-line construction method for curved bridges. After establishing the bridge's framework, models are created at each node, and the volume of irregular components is extracted from these models.

[0100] S47 performs detailed decomposition and volume calculation on irregular components.

[0101] After the beam layout design is completed, the anchorage and cast-in-place sections are generally parallelograms. However, during the design process, adjustments are usually made to the anchorage or the included angle between the beginning and end. This results in unequal inner and outer lengths of the precast beam segments. The width of the wet joint at the pier top, the cantilever length of the side beams, and the length of the precast beams are adjusted to adapt to the requirements of the horizontal curve of the route.

[0102] Prefabricated T-beams offer advantages such as simple structure, clear stress distribution, and convenient construction. Their prefabricated components can be precisely processed in a factory, improving construction accuracy and efficiency. To adapt to curved roads, a "straight-to-curve" design method is employed. This method, in the design of curved continuous beam bridges, transforms curved sections into straight sections for construction through reasonable structural layout and connection methods. This approach simplifies the construction process, improves efficiency, and ensures the bridge's mechanical performance. Its principle is primarily based on two points: first, through reasonable prestressing arrangement and connection methods, the straight T-beam segment can withstand the bending moment and shear force of the curved segment; second, through optimized structural design, the straight T-beam segment can smoothly transition to the curved segment at the connection point, ensuring the bridge's integrity and stability.

[0103] The beam ends at each joint are guaranteed to have a sealed anchor center thickness. The beam end line is adjusted to be parallel to the abutment back wall line to meet the requirements for placing expansion joints. A schematic diagram of expansion joint placement is shown below. Figure 14 As shown in the figure, after the beams are placed, the precast beams are connected by cast-in-place wet joints.

[0104] By constructing irregular beam segments, the volume can be obtained using the volume attribute unique to the 3D model.

[0105] For geometrically regular components, such as cuboids, their volume is calculated directly; for irregular components, the irregular components are finely broken down and their volumes are calculated.

[0106] Complex components are decomposed into basic geometric shapes (cubes, cylinders, pyramids, spherical caps, etc.) to ensure that each part can be calculated accurately after division. For example, the volume of a frustum is calculated as follows:

[0107] Where V is the volume of the frustum; h is the height of the frustum; A1 is the area of ​​the lower base; and A2 is the area of ​​the upper base.

[0108] A schematic diagram of volume calculation for an irregular structural component is shown below. Figure 15 As shown. For Figure 15 The irregular structure is broken down to obtain basic geometric shapes. The volume of the basic geometric shapes is calculated, and then the summation is used to obtain the volume of the irregular structure.

[0109] Example 4 Please refer to Figure 16 , Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a digital device for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0110] The digital device 90 for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification may include: The conversion module 91 is used to generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; The splitting module 92 is used to split the 3D BIM model to obtain BIM model components and their dimensional parameters. The connection module 93 is used to calculate the volume of the component based on the dimensional parameters of the three-dimensional BIM model component, and to link the three-dimensional BIM model component with the project progress. The bill of quantities generation module 94 is used to calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed works in real time according to the project progress and generate a bill of quantities. The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

[0111] It should be understood that the various modules of the digital device 90 for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review provided in the above embodiments are only illustrated by the division of functional modules in the above description. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed. That is, the internal structure of the system can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0112] The functional modules in the above embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0113] Based on the same application concept, embodiments of this application also provide a computer device, which may include a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review as described above.

[0114] Based on the same concept, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review as described above.

[0115] Based on the same application concept, this application embodiment also provides a program product that implements the digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity review when the program product is running on a computer.

[0116] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A digital method for extracting elements from engineering drawings and conducting real-time quantity verification, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; S2, decompose the 3D BIM model to obtain the BIM model components and their dimensional parameters; S3, link the three-dimensional BIM model components with the project schedule; S4. Based on the project progress and the size parameters of the BIM model components, calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed project in real time and generate a bill of quantities. The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

2. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes the following steps: Based on the coordinate and annotation information in the 3D BIM model, select the model components to be split; The model components are split into multiple model sub-components according to different splitting methods.

3. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The splitting methods include splitting by reference line, splitting by real-time set spacing, splitting by fixed spacing, and splitting by fixed number of segments.

4. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided using two methods: reference line segmentation and fixed segmentation. Specifically, the methods include: The number of segments to be divided into for the bridge deck components of a simply supported beam bridge is determined based on the spacing of the piers and abutments. Based on the number of segments, the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge are divided into several segments along the road mileage direction, with the beam end line as the reference line, to form the first sub-component. The dimensional parameters of the first sub-component are obtained, and the first sub-component is either a beam segment or a wet joint.

5. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Step S3 involves linking the three-dimensional BIM model components to the project schedule, specifically including: According to the project progress, the first sub-component is numbered in chronological order of its construction to obtain the component code; The component code is bound to the first sub-component; and a status field for the first sub-component is added, wherein the status of the first sub-component includes not built, under construction, and completed construction.

6. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The volume calculation methods for simply supported beam bridges include: On the road surface of the first sub-component, along the road cross slope direction, the end line of the first end beam is transformed from a curve into several first line segments according to the transverse slope ratio; Based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the second beam end line opposite to the beam end line at the first end is calculated. The line connecting the beam end line at the first end and the beam end line at the second end, together with the first line segment and the second line segment, forms a sub-plane of the first sub-component. The sub-plane constitutes the second sub-component along the thickness direction of the bridge deck. Calculate the area of ​​the subplane using geometric formulas; The volume of the second sub-component is calculated based on the area of ​​the sub-plane and the thickness of the bridge deck. Sum the volumes of the second sub-components to obtain the volume of the first sub-component; Summing up several first sub-components yields the volume of the bridge deck components of the simply supported beam bridge.

7. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process of converting the curve of the first end beam end line into several first line segments along the road cross slope direction on the road surface of the first sub-component according to the transverse slope ratio specifically includes the following steps: Step A: Establish the benchmark point, taking the intersection point O of the straight line containing the beam centerline or wet joint centerline and the beam end line as the benchmark point; Step B: Using the reference point, calculate the horizontal offset of the beam segment or wet joint edge relative to the reference point; The offset calculation formula is: Δ = h' × i; h' refers to the effective vertical distance from the bottom of the beam to the top surface of the bridge deck pavement at the break point; i refers to the transverse slope of the road surface at the break point; Δ is the offset. Step C: Determine the offset direction; For a one-way cross slope: all points deflect in the same direction; For a two-way cross slope: take the intersection point O' of the road centerline and the beam end line as the boundary, the left edge point is shifted to the left by Δ1, and the right edge point is shifted to the right by Δ2. Step D: Connect the reference point O with the new endpoints on both sides after offset by straight lines to form a broken line; Step E: Subdivide into multiple segments. Along the transverse slope, take a calculation point at a preset distance and calculate the offset of each segment. Then, use a series of continuous short line segments to approximate the theoretical spatial curve.

8. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the first line segment and the longitudinal slope, the second line segment of the beam end line at the second end relative to the beam end line at the first end is calculated, specifically including: Select the calculation reference point: Select the intersection point P1 of the center line of the beam or wet joint surface and the first line segment as the reference point, and the coordinates of P1 are known (X1, Y1, Z1); Calculate the longitudinal elevation difference: Based on the longitudinal slope and horizontal distance, calculate the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 of the second end beam end line; ΔZ = g × L; where L is the projected distance between the two beam end lines on the horizontal plane; g is the longitudinal slope. Determine the planar position (X2, Y2) of point P2: Move horizontally by a distance L from point P1 in the direction of road travel or in the direction of road retreat along the centerline of the beam or wet joint surface to obtain the planar coordinates (X2, Y2) of point P2; Determine the elevation of point P2: Z2 = Z1 + ΔZ, where Z1 is the horizontal plane used for reference; ΔZ is the design elevation difference from point P1 to the corresponding point P2 on the second end beam end line; and Z2 is the elevation of point P2. Calculate the coordinates of other edge points: In addition to the center point P1, there are also left edge point A1 and right edge point B1 on the beam end line at the starting point; Calculate the vector: V = A1 - P1; Calculate the coordinates A2 of the left edge point of the second line segment: A2 = P2 + V; Calculate the coordinates of the right edge point B2 of the second line segment: B2 = P2 + (B1 - P1); The three-dimensional coordinates of the three key control points P2, A2, and B2 of the second line segment are obtained.

9. The digital method for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes the following steps: S11, extracting the parameters of the component from the two-dimensional engineering drawings; S12, generating a three-dimensional BIM model based on the constructed parameters.

10. A digital device for extracting engineering drawing elements and conducting real-time quantity verification, characterized in that, include: The conversion module is used to generate a three-dimensional BIM model from two-dimensional engineering drawings; The split module is used to split the 3D BIM model to obtain BIM model components and their dimensional parameters. The connection module is used to calculate the volume of the component based on the dimensional parameters of the 3D BIM model component, and to link the 3D BIM model component with the project schedule. The bill of quantities generation module is used to calculate the volume of the components corresponding to the completed works in real time according to the project progress and generate the bill of quantities. The volume of a simply supported beam bridge includes the volume of the beam segments and the volume of the wet joints. The longitudinal slope of the road and the transverse slope of the road are used as the calculation parameters for the volume of the simply supported beam bridge.

Images