A method for planting industrial pepper in a cd contaminated area

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for planting industrial chili peppers in Cd-contaminated areas, belonging to the field of crop cultivation technology in contaminated soil. 20-40 days before planting, apply 200-300 kg of biochar and 1000-1500 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and allow the soil to mature after tilling. Use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling cultivation, and transplant when the seedlings are 35-40 days old, applying rooting and seedling strengthening agents and antibacterial and insecticides. During the inter-cultivation period, drip apply 5-8 kg / mu of selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days; after a 7-day seedling establishment period, apply seedling-promoting fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides; after pruning, apply wound-healing agents and antibacterial agents; apply virus disease control agents every 10 days; and from 30 days after transplanting, apply balanced compound fertilizer every 20 days. During the flowering and fruiting period, spray 1-2 kg / mu of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 10 days; apply antibacterial and insecticides every 10 days, adjusting the type and dosage according to the pest and fungal infestation situation. Harvest the fruit after it matures. This method uses biochar to passivate Cd in the soil, uses selenium fertilizer to inhibit the absorption of Cd by plants, and combines silicon fertilizer to block the transport of Cd to the above-ground parts of the plant. The Cd content of industrial pepper fruits is <0.08mg / kg, and the yield is >630kg / mu.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology in contaminated soil, specifically relating to a method for cultivating industrial chili peppers in Cd-contaminated areas. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial chili peppers, due to their extremely high spiciness, dry matter content, and capsaicin-like substances, are widely used in food processing, pharmaceutical extraction, and the defense industry, possessing extremely high economic value. my country is a major producer and consumer of industrial chili peppers, and the demand for them continues to grow.

[0003] However, with the development of industry and mining, heavy metal pollution in farmland soil has become increasingly prominent. Among them, cadmium (Cd) has become one of the most important soil pollutants due to its high toxicity, easy migration, and easy absorption by plants. As a fruit and vegetable crop with a certain capacity to accumulate Cd, when chili peppers are planted in Cd-contaminated soil, Cd will be absorbed through the roots and transferred to the fruit, seriously affecting the yield and quality of chili peppers (such as inhibiting growth and causing physiological diseases).

[0004] Currently, the main methods for treating and utilizing Cd-contaminated soil include: (1) Physical engineering methods: such as soil replacement, soil changing, deep plowing, etc. This method is thorough, but costly, involves a large amount of engineering work, and is prone to damaging the soil structure, making it difficult to apply on a large scale. (2) Chemical passivation method: adding passivating agents (such as lime, phosphate, silicate, etc.) to the soil to reduce the bioavailability of Cd through adsorption, precipitation, or co-precipitation. This method is relatively economical, but the effect of traditional passivating agents is unstable, greatly affected by the soil environment, and excessive use may cause soil compaction or secondary pollution. (3) Phytoremediation method: using hyperaccumulating plants to absorb and remove Cd from the soil. This method has a long cycle, and the land cannot generate economic benefits during the remediation period, resulting in low acceptance by farmers.

[0005] Existing industrial chili pepper cultivation techniques mostly focus on high-yield cultivation in normal soils, lacking systematic cultivation plans for Cd-contaminated soils. The few attempts made primarily involve the use of a single passivating agent, failing to establish a comprehensive technical system encompassing soil pretreatment, variety selection, and the entire growth process. This results in problems such as unstable Cd control effects, decreased chili pepper yield and quality, and low cost-effectiveness.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an innovative planting method that integrates multiple technological advantages, effectively controls the absorption of Cd by chili peppers to ensure the safety of agricultural products, maintains or even improves the yield and quality of chili peppers, and is both economically feasible and environmentally friendly. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for growing industrial chili peppers in Cd-contaminated areas.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area includes the following steps: Soil pretreatment: 20-40 days before planting, apply 200-300 kg of biochar and 1000-1500 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per acre, and let it stand to mature after plowing.

[0009] Seedling raising and transplanting: Use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling raising. When the seedlings are 35-40 days old, select strong seedlings to transplant to the field and apply rooting and seedling strengthening agents and antibacterial and insecticidal agents.

[0010] Mid-tillage management: Apply selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days at a rate of 5-8 kg / mu; after the 7-day seedling establishment period, apply seedling fertilizer, insecticide and herbicide; after pruning, apply wound healing agent and antibacterial agent; during this period, apply virus disease control agent every 10 days; starting 30 days after transplanting, apply balanced compound fertilizer every 20 days.

[0011] Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves every 10 days, at a rate of 1-2 kg / mu; during this period, apply antibacterial and insecticidal agents every 10 days, and adjust the type and amount according to the occurrence of fungal and insect pests.

[0012] Harvesting and post-harvest processing: Harvest the fruit promptly after it is ripe.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution described in this invention has the following advantages: 1. The aforementioned technical solution utilizes the passivation effect of biochar in the soil pretreatment process to form multiple physicochemical barriers, reducing the total amount of Cd absorbed by the roots at the source. Firstly, biochar can increase the soil pH value, promoting Cd absorption. 2+ This process forms precipitates such as Cd(OH)₂ and CdCO₃; secondly, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar can react with Cd. 2+ Complexation is formed; in addition, the porous structure of biochar can also fix Cd through physical adsorption. 2+ This further inhibits the absorption of Cd by the chili pepper roots.

[0014] 2. During the inter-cultivation period, the aforementioned technical solution uses selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer. Because selenium and Cd compete for ions during the absorption of Cd by peppers, this creates a barrier at the plant physiological level. Selenium can induce plants to synthesize phytochelatins and metallothioneins, which, after complexing with Cd, remain trapped in vacuoles, reducing the amount of Cd entering the above-ground parts of the pepper plant. Simultaneously, selenium can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress, and enhance the plant's tolerance to Cd.

[0015] 3. During the flowering and fruiting period, the aforementioned technical solution uses a silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer. Silicon can deposit in the endodermis of the pepper plant's roots, physically blocking the transport of Cd to the above-ground parts and into the fruit. It may also promote the formation of an iron film, adsorbing and fixing Cd in the rhizosphere. In addition, silicon can enhance the strength of the plant's cell walls, improving the plant's stress resistance and disease resistance.

[0016] In summary, the proposed technical solution reduces the total amount of Cd absorbed by chili pepper plants by passivating Cd in the soil with biochar, inhibits Cd absorption by the plants using selenium fertilizer, and blocks Cd entering the plant body. Combined with silicon fertilizer, it blocks Cd transport to the above-ground parts of the plant and enhances the plant's stress resistance. Through this triple Cd-reduction mechanism, the Cd content in industrial chili pepper fruits is significantly reduced, improving quality and yield, and enabling the safe utilization of soil from Cd-contaminated areas. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below, but this is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any modifications or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The method for planting industrial chili peppers in Cd-contaminated areas includes the following steps: Soil pretreatment: 20-40 days before planting, apply 200-300 kg of biochar and 1000-1500 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per acre, and let it stand to mature after plowing.

[0019] Seedling raising and transplanting: Use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling raising. When the seedlings are 35-40 days old, select strong seedlings to transplant to the field and apply rooting and seedling strengthening agents and antibacterial and insecticidal agents.

[0020] Mid-tillage management: Apply selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days at a rate of 5-8 kg / mu; after the 7-day seedling establishment period, apply seedling fertilizer, insecticide and herbicide; after pruning, apply wound healing agent and antibacterial agent; during this period, apply virus disease control agent every 10 days; starting 30 days after transplanting, apply balanced compound fertilizer every 20 days.

[0021] Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves every 10 days, at a rate of 1-2 kg / mu; during this period, apply antibacterial and insecticidal agents every 10 days, and adjust the type and amount according to the occurrence of fungal and insect pests.

[0022] Harvesting and post-harvest processing: Harvest the fruit promptly after it is ripe.

[0023] The areas for planting industrial chili peppers must meet the following conditions: altitude of 1000-2300 meters, annual sunshine hours ≥1500 hours, soil Cd content of 0.5-3.0 mg / kg, and pH value of 5.0-7.0.

[0024] The preferred varieties of industrial chili peppers are "Honglv No. 3" and / or "Honglv No. 5".

[0025] The biochar is any one of straw biochar, potassium permanganate modified biochar, or nano-iron / silicon modified biochar.

[0026] The biochar has a particle size ≤0.25mm, a pH value ≥8.5, and a carbon content ≥50%.

[0027] The tillage depth is 30-40cm.

[0028] The row spacing for transplanting is 50cm, and the plant spacing is 30cm.

[0029] The selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer has a selenium content of ≥0.1%, and is preferably a selenium-enriched amino acid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0030] The silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer is potassium silicate with a concentration of 0.3%.

[0031] The silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed ≥ 2 times.

[0032] The preferred management during the flowering and fruiting period is to apply fertilizer to protect flowers and fruits, improve quality and increase yield 3 days before each harvest.

[0033] The industrial chili pepper fruit has a Cd content of <0.08 mg / kg, a yield of >630 kg / mu, and a spiciness of 1.1 million SHU.

[0034] After the fruit is harvested, the soil is tested for Cd content to ensure that it meets the standards for continuous planting.

[0035] Other field management measures, fertilizer type selection and dosage, and selection and dosage of antibacterial and insecticide agents are the same as conventional treatment.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Yunnan Experimental Base: Altitude 2200 meters, annual sunshine hours ≥1500 hours, soil Cd content 2.43mg / kg, pH value 6.5.

[0038] Soil pretreatment: 30 days before planting, apply 250 kg of straw biochar and 1200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, plow to a depth of 30-40 cm, and then let it stand to mature.

[0039] Seedling raising and transplanting: Select the industrial chili pepper variety "Honglv No. 5" with strong resistance to adverse conditions, and raise seedlings in Cd-free nutrient soil. When the seedlings are 35 days old, select strong seedlings to transplant to the field with a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 30cm. Apply rooting and seedling strengthening agent and antibacterial and insecticidal agent along with the rooting water.

[0040] Mid-season management: Use a drip irrigation system and apply selenium-enriched amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (selenium content ≥0.1%) every 7-10 days at a rate of 6 kg / mu; after the 7-day seedling establishment period, apply seedling fertilizer, insecticide and herbicide; after pruning, apply wound healing agent and antibacterial agent; during this period, apply virus disease control agent every 10 days; starting 30 days after transplanting, apply balanced compound fertilizer every 20 days.

[0041] Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray the leaves with a 0.3% potassium silicate solution every 10 days at a rate of 1.5 kg / mu, for a total of 2 applications; during this period, apply antibacterial and insecticidal agents every 10 days, and adjust the type and dosage according to the occurrence of fungal and insect pests.

[0042] Harvesting and post-harvest processing: Harvest the fruit promptly after it is ripe, and test the soil for Cd content after harvesting to ensure that it meets the standards for continuous planting.

[0043] Tests showed that the Cd content of the harvested fruit was 0.077 mg / kg, which meets industry standards, and the yield was 637 kg / mu, which is higher than the local average (400 kg / mu). The spiciness level reached 1.1 million SHU.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Yunnan Experimental Base: Same as Example 1.

[0046] Soil pretreatment: 30 days before planting, apply 300 kg of potassium permanganate modified biochar and 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, plow to a depth of 30-40 cm, and then let it stand to mature.

[0047] Seedling raising and transplanting: Select the industrial chili pepper variety "Honglv No. 3" with strong stress resistance, use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling raising, and select strong seedlings to be transplanted to the field when the seedlings are 40 days old. The remaining measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0048] Mid-tillage management: Use a drip irrigation system and apply selenium-enriched amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (selenium content ≥0.1%) every 7-10 days at a rate of 5 kg / mu; other measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray the leaves with a 0.3% potassium silicate solution every 10 days at a rate of 2 kg / mu, for a total of 2 applications; other measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Harvesting and post-processing: Same as in Example 1.

[0051] Tests showed that the Cd content of the harvested fruit was 0.072 mg / kg, which meets industry standards, the yield was 640 kg / mu, and the spiciness reached 1.1 million SHU.

[0052] The specific fertilization and pest and disease control plan is the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Yunnan Experimental Base: Same as Example 1.

[0055] Soil pretreatment: 30 days before planting, apply 200 kg of nano-iron / silicon modified biochar and 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, till to a depth of 30-40 cm, and then let it stand to mature.

[0056] Seedling raising and transplanting: Select the industrial chili pepper variety "Honglv No. 3" with strong stress resistance, use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling raising, and select strong seedlings to be transplanted to the field when the seedlings are 40 days old. The remaining measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Mid-tillage management: Use a drip irrigation system and apply selenium-enriched amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (selenium content ≥0.1%) every 7-10 days at a rate of 8 kg / mu; other measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray the leaves with a 0.3% potassium silicate solution every 10 days at a rate of 1 kg / mu, for a total of 2 applications; the remaining measures are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Harvesting and post-processing: Same as in Example 1.

[0060] Tests showed that the Cd content of the harvested fruit was 0.076 mg / kg, which meets industry standards, the yield was 641 kg / mu, and the spiciness reached 1.1 million SHU.

[0061] The specific fertilization and pest and disease control plan is the same as in Example 1.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Soil pretreatment: 20-40 days before planting, apply 200-300 kg of biochar and 1000-1500 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per acre, and let it stand to mature after plowing. Seedling raising and transplanting: Use Cd-free nutrient soil for seedling raising. When the seedlings are 35-40 days old, select strong seedlings to transplant to the field and apply rooting and seedling strengthening agents and antibacterial and insecticidal agents. Mid-season management: Apply selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days at a rate of 5-8 kg / mu; after the 7-day seedling establishment period, apply seedling fertilizer, insecticide and herbicide; after pruning, apply wound healing agent and antibacterial agent; during this period, apply virus disease control agent every 10 days; starting 30 days after transplanting, apply balanced compound fertilizer every 20 days. Flowering and fruiting period management: Spray silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves every 10 days, at a rate of 1-2 kg / mu; During this period, apply antibacterial and insecticidal agents every 10 days, and adjust the type and amount according to the occurrence of fungal and insect pests. Harvesting and post-harvest processing: Harvest the fruit promptly after it is ripe.

2. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The areas for planting industrial chili peppers must meet the following conditions: altitude of 1000-2300 meters, annual sunshine hours ≥1500 hours, soil Cd content of 0.5-3.0 mg / kg, and pH value of 5.0-7.

0.

3. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial chili pepper varieties are "Honglv No. 3" and / or "Honglv No. 5".

4. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biochar is any one of straw biochar, potassium permanganate modified biochar, or nano-iron / silicon modified biochar.

5. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 4, characterized in that, The biochar has a particle size ≤0.25mm, a pH value ≥8.5, and a carbon content ≥50%.

6. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selenium content of the selenium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is ≥0.1%.

7. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer is potassium silicate with a concentration of 0.3%.

8. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 7, characterized in that, The silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed ≥ 2 times.

9. The method for planting industrial chili peppers in a Cd-contaminated area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial chili pepper fruit has a Cd content of <0.08 mg / kg, a yield of >630 kg / mu, and a spiciness of 1.1 million SHU.

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