A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac tubers.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically disclosing a planting method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac tubers. The planting method includes: selecting a planting nursery, preparing the land and creating raised beds; applying base fertilizer and erecting a shade structure and fertigation system; sun-drying, disinfecting, and sprouting virus-free tissue culture seedlings of konjac tubers; applying water containing Bacillus subtilis at transplanting; laying irrigation pipes and mulch on the raised beds; maintaining appropriate soil moisture and applying precise topdressing in stages during field management using the fertigation system, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid and micronutrient fertilizers; and finally harvesting at an appropriate time after the plants have withered. This invention, through the use of virus-free tissue culture seedlings, control of the shade structure environment, fertigation, combined organic and inorganic fertilization, biological disease prevention, and foliar nutrition regulation, can significantly extend the plant's growth period, increase the yield and starch viscosity of konjac tubers, and simultaneously reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a planting method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac bulbils. Background Technology

[0002] Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var. bulbifer is a specialty economic crop rich in glucomannan (KGM), and its tubers are widely used in food, medicine, biomaterials, and environmental protection. In recent years, with the rapid growth in market demand for health foods and functional ingredients, the application demand for Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has been increasing.

[0003] However, in actual production, traditional cultivation has long relied on farmers' self-saved seeds or ordinary seed tubers that are not virus-free. This method generally suffers from serious problems such as virus accumulation, varietal degeneration, and frequent diseases (such as soft rot and white mold), directly leading to low germination rates, weak growth, and extremely unstable yields in konjac, severely restricting the high-quality development of the industry. Although a rapid propagation technology system for virus-free and pollution-free tissue culture seed tubers of Amorphophallus bulbifer has been developed, enabling large-scale production of high-quality tissue culture seed tubers with advantages such as uniform germination and strong resistance, there is still a lack of systematic and integrated cultivation techniques to maximize the potential of these virus-free seed tubers in the field.

[0004] Furthermore, konjac thrives in shady and moist environments. Current shading cultivation methods often rely on simple shade netting, which offers extremely limited control over field climate parameters such as light, temperature, and humidity, making it difficult to create a stable microenvironment conducive to the continuous growth of konjac. In terms of water and fertilizer management, traditional planting methods have long been extensive and overly dependent on the application of single chemical fertilizers, leading to soil compaction and rhizosphere microecological imbalance. While some growers have attempted to use organic fertilizers, these are often insufficiently decomposed, easily introducing pathogens and posing a risk of disease. Simultaneously, existing cultivation methods lack effective integration with modern drip irrigation systems, resulting in extremely low levels of integrated water and fertilizer management.

[0005] In terms of stress resistance and disease prevention, although existing technologies know that biological agents such as Bacillus subtilis can be used to suppress soil-borne diseases, and foliar fertilizers containing amino acids and trace elements can also improve crop stress resistance, these single measures are mostly used in isolation in practice, lacking systematic and integrated application, and have failed to achieve the synergistic effect of "good varieties", "good methods" and "good environment" in the cultivation of bulbils and yellow konjac.

[0006] In summary, current technologies lack an efficient cultivation model that organically combines virus-free tissue culture seedlings, shaded greenhouse environmental control, fertigation, organic fertilizer enrichment, and bio-inoculants with functional foliar fertilizers, making it difficult to meet the modern demands for green and high-yield konjac production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated cultivation technology that combines healthy seed sources, environmental control, precise fertilization, and physiological regulation to overcome the technical bottlenecks of low yield, severe disease, and persistent cropping obstacles in traditional konjac cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems of low germination rate, severe disease, low yield, unstable quality, and lack of systematic and efficient cultivation management in the traditional planting mode of Amorphophallus bulbifera, this invention proposes a planting method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial Amorphophallus bulbifera.

[0008] This invention provides a planting method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac tubers with bulbils, and adopts the following technical solution: A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of marketable konjac bulbils includes the following steps: S1. Pre-planting preparation: Select a planting nursery, prepare the land, make ridges and beds, apply base fertilizer in the beds, and set up a shade canopy with a shading rate of 60-70%, while also setting up an integrated water and fertilizer system. S2. Bulb preparation and germination: Select disease-free and pest-free Amorphophallus bulbs (yellow konjac) tissue culture seedlings as bulbs. After sun-drying and disinfection, place them in an environment of 25-30℃ and 75-85% relative humidity to germinate until sprouting. S3. Bulb transplanting: Dig a hole on the ridge and place the germinated bulbs with the buds facing upwards. Cover with soil until it is level with the ridge surface, and water with water containing Bacillus subtilis until the soil is thoroughly moistened. S4. Pipe and film laying: Lay irrigation capillary pipes connected to the integrated water and fertilizer facility on the raised bed surface and cover with mulch film; S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 40-70% through drip irrigation system; during the tuber enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 30-60%; and during the tuber maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 25-40%. At different growth stages, apply fertilizer precisely in stages using integrated water and fertilizer facilities, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer. S6. Harvesting of commercial konjac: Harvest 30-40 days after the konjac plants die back.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the planting nursery is sandy loam soil with an organic matter content >1% and a pH value of 5.8-6.5, and the sand-to-soil ratio is 6-7:3-4.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the application of base fertilizer refers to: 1800-2200 kg of organic fertilizer, 25-35 kg of superphosphate, and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). After mechanical spreading, the soil is ridged and prepared, with a bed width of 1.4-1.6 m and a bed height of 28-32 cm. Using sandy loam soil rich in organic matter, combined with sufficient base fertilizer, can provide a loose and breathable subsoil environment for konjac growth, effectively preventing waterlogging and root rot.

[0011] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 1:1:1.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the weight difference of the individual tubers in the virus-free tissue culture seedlings is within 100g. Using virus-free seedlings blocks the spread of viral diseases at the source, ensuring uniform germination and stress resistance of the plants.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the seed drying process involves spreading the bulbs out in the sun to dry for 2-3 days, keeping the surface of the bulbs dry.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the disinfection treatment is as follows: soaking the bulbs in a 0.1-0.2 wt% potassium permanganate solution for 8-12 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the bulbs are graded and planted according to their individual weight during transplanting: If the bulbs weigh 100-200g each, the planting density is 2500-2700 plants per mu (667 square meters), and the plant spacing is 40cm×26cm. If the bulbs weigh 200-300g each, the planting density is 2100-2300 plants per mu (667 square meters), and the plant spacing is 40cm×30cm. If the bulbs weigh 300-400g each, the planting density is 1600-1800 plants per acre, and the plant spacing is 40cm×40cm. If the bulb weight is >400g, the planting density is 1200-1400 plants / acre, and the plant spacing is 40cm×50cm.

[0017] Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis is diluted 1400-1600 times in the root-setting water during step S3. Supplementing planting with Bacillus subtilis allows for rapid colonization in the rhizosphere, forming a dominant microbial community and significantly reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the mulch film is a silver-gray / black bicolor microporous film.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the irrigation capillary is a PE drip irrigation pipe with a spacing of 18-22cm and a water output of 2.5-3.5L / h.

[0020] In this invention, the dual-color microporous mulch film has the effects of aphid repellency, weed control, and heat and moisture retention. When used with a drip irrigation system, it can achieve precise control of the rhizosphere environment.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the precise topdressing in multiple stages specifically includes: (1) First topdressing: Apply fast-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation after transplanting. The application rate is 4-6 kg per mu, diluted 280-350 times. The purpose is to improve the soil micro-ecology in the root zone and promote root development.

[0022] (2) Second topdressing: 10-15 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation at a rate of 5-7 kg per mu, diluted 200-300 times. The purpose is to provide the plants with the nutrients needed for vegetative growth and promote root development.

[0023] (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer alternately by drip irrigation every 15-20 days to meet the nutrient requirements of rapid leaf and stem growth.

[0024] (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer alternately by drip irrigation every 15-20 days. High potassium nutrition can promote the transfer of photosynthetic products to the underground tubers and accelerate bulb enlargement.

[0025] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the fast-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6:1-2:2-3, and it contains humic acid ≥30g / L.

[0026] Preferably, in step (2), the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 3:1:1.

[0027] Preferably, in step (2), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the organic matter content is ≥50g / L.

[0028] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1.

[0029] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of mixed fertilizer applied is 5-7 kg per mu.

[0030] Preferably, in step (3), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 3:1:1, and it contains humic acid ≥30g / L, with a single application amount of 7-9kg per mu.

[0031] Preferably, in step (3), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer is 22:5:15, and the single application amount is 10-15 kg per mu.

[0032] Preferably, in step (4), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-expanding fertilizer is 2:1:5, and it contains ≥50g / L of organic matter, with a single application rate of 9-11kg per mu.

[0033] Preferably, in step (4), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 15:8:28, and the single application amount is 14-16 kg per mu.

[0034] Preferably, in step S5, the foliar spraying operation is as follows: starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray an amino acid trace element foliar fertilizer every 12-15 days, with a dilution ratio of 1000-1200 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period. The addition of foliar fertilizer can significantly delay leaf senescence, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and increase the bulb enlargement time.

[0035] Preferably, the amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer contains ≥100g / L of free amino acids and ≥20g / L of micronutrients Fe+Mn+Zn+B; each time, 45-60L of fertilizer solution is sprayed per acre.

[0036] Preferably, the field management in step S5 also includes pest and disease control: after the konjac leaves unfold, spray a compound solution of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb every 12-15 days for disease prevention; during the bulb enlargement period, inject cypermethrin into the drip irrigation system for control of underground pests.

[0037] Preferably, the compound solution of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb is prepared by mixing metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb at a mass ratio of 1:2 and diluted 1200-1500 times; 45-60L of the solution is sprayed per acre each time.

[0038] Preferably, the toxic and pungent preparation is diluted 800-1000 times; each time, 100-120L of the toxic and pungent preparation is injected into the drip irrigation system.

[0039] Preferably, in step S6, the harvesting operation includes: harvesting the bulbils that have fallen to the ground 30-40 days after the konjac plants have withered; then removing the mulch film to harvest the tubers. Strict water control and reasonable harvesting timing help the fibrous roots fall off naturally and the tuber skin ages, improving storage resistance.

[0040] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Promotes vigorous plant growth and extends the effective growth period: This invention, through shading and light control, precise water and fertilizer supply, and regulation by amino acid foliar fertilizer, enables konjac plants to grow vigorously, delays seedling collapse by more than one month, and significantly extends the time for tuber enlargement and dry matter accumulation.

[0041] 2. Significantly improved yield and quality: The alternating fertilization strategy of "organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer" throughout the entire cycle ensures efficient nutrient conversion and full tuber enlargement. Compared with the traditional planting mode, the weight of a single fruit increases, the average yield per mu can reach 4-5 tons, the yield increase is more than 30%, and the content of functional components such as glucomannan is significantly improved, and the viscosity of refined flour is greatly increased.

[0042] 3. Enhanced resistance to disease and stress: Early intervention with Bacillus subtilis and the establishment of a reasonable rhizosphere microecology have reduced the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot by more than 40%; the virus-free seedlings free from pests and diseases further isolate the spread of viruses from the source, ensuring high germination rate and uniform growth in the field.

[0043] 4. Reduced production costs: High-quality virus-free tissue culture seedlings have a high growth coefficient. The graded planting mode corresponding to this invention reduces the overall planting density while achieving a leap in yield, effectively saving the cost of bulb input.

[0044] 5. Achieving green and sustainable development: The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers reduces dependence on single chemical fertilizers, and the integrated water and fertilizer system greatly improves resource utilization efficiency and protects the soil environment. It is particularly suitable for promotion and application in areas with continuous cropping obstacles and mountainous areas. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 Figure A shows the planting of taro seedlings from bulbil tissue culture in mid-to-late April, according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 Figure B shows the planting of commercial taro seedlings from bulbil yellow tissue culture in mid-to-late April.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the emergence of commercial taro seedlings from the bulbil yellow tissue culture of this invention.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the leaf unfolding of taro seedlings grown from bulbils using tissue culture, as described in this invention.

[0049] Figure 5 This image shows a robust taro plant grown from the tissue culture of bulbils, as described in this invention.

[0050] Figure 6 Figure A shows the taro seedlings that died in early to mid-October, which is a product of the present invention, using yellow bulbil tissue culture.

[0051] Figure 7Figure B shows the taro seedlings that died in early to mid-October, which is a product of the present invention, using yellow bulbil tissue culture.

[0052] Figure 8 This image shows a commercial taro product grown from seed taro weighing over 400 grams according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 Figure A shows the commercial taro product grown from 100-200 grams of seed taro according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 Figure B shows the commercial taro product grown from 100-200 grams of seed taro according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 11 Figure A shows the harvest of commercial taro grown from tuberous tuber seedlings detoxified by the present invention.

[0056] Figure 12 Figure B shows the harvest of commercial taro grown from the virus-free tissue culture seedlings of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 13 Figure C shows the harvest of commercial taro grown from tuberous tuber seedlings detoxified by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0059] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0060] Examples 1-4 provide a planting method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac tubers with bulbils.

[0061] Example 1 A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of marketable konjac bulbils includes the following steps: S1. Deeply plow and expose to the sun in sandy loam farmland with a pH of 5.8, a sand-to-soil ratio of 6:3, and an organic matter content of 1.2%. Apply 80 kg of lime powder per acre for disinfection. Apply 1800 kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer, 35 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of N:P2O5:K2O compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1) per acre as base fertilizer. Make raised beds with a width of 1.4 m and a height of 28 cm. Erect a 2.8 m high, 10 m span shade canopy, cover with a 60% shading net, and lay a whole-field integrated water and fertilizer pipeline network.

[0062] S2. Select tubers of virus-free tissue culture of Amorphophallus bulbifera with a single weight of 100-200g (weight difference <100g), spread them out to dry for 2 days, soak them in 0.1wt% potassium permanganate solution for 12 minutes, and then take them out and dry them. Place them at 25℃ and 75% relative humidity to germinate until they sprout.

[0063] S3. Make planting pits 15cm deep on the ridge, place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, and cover them with soil until level; plant them at a spacing of 40cm×26cm, with a density of 2600 plants / acre; then water thoroughly with a solution of Bacillus subtilis diluted 1500 times.

[0064] S4. Lay PE drip irrigation capillary pipes with a spacing of 18cm and a water output of 2.5L / h on the raised bed surface, and cover them with a silver-gray / black dual-color microporous membrane.

[0065] S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 40% using a drip irrigation system; during the corm enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 30%; and during the corm maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 25%. At different growth stages, apply precise topdressing in stages using an integrated water and fertilizer system, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient fertilizer. Specifically: (1) First topdressing: After transplanting, apply quick-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 5:1:2, and containing 30g / L of humic acid) by drip irrigation. The application rate is 4kg per mu, diluted 280 times.

[0066] (2) Second topdressing: 10 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1) and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1, and organic matter content of 50g / L) by drip irrigation. The amount of mixed fertilizer applied is 5kg per mu, diluted 200 times.

[0067] (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Every 15 days, apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1, and containing 30g / L of humic acid, with a single application amount of 7kg per mu) and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 22:5:15, with a single application amount of 10kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0068] (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Every 15 days, apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 2:1:5, containing 50g / L of organic matter, with a single application amount of 9kg per mu) and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 15:8:28, with a single application amount of 14kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0069] Meanwhile, starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray an amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer (containing 100g / L of free amino acids and 20g / L of micronutrients Fe+Mn+Zn+B; 45L of fertilizer solution per acre each time) every 12 days, diluted 1000 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period.

[0070] After the konjac leaves unfold, spray a compound solution of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb every 12 days (a 1200-fold dilution prepared by mixing metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb at a mass ratio of 1:2; apply 45L of the solution per acre each time) for disease prevention; during the bulb enlargement period, inject an 800-fold dilution of cypermethrin into the drip irrigation system (100L of the solution per acre each time) for underground pest control.

[0071] S6. Thirty days after the konjac plants die back, harvest the bulbils that have fallen to the ground; then remove the mulch and harvest the bulbs.

[0072] Example 2 A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of marketable konjac bulbils includes the following steps: S1. Deeply plow and expose to the sun in sandy loam farmland with a pH of 6, a sand-to-soil ratio of 6:4, and an organic matter content of 1.8%. Apply 80 kg of lime powder per acre for disinfection. Apply 2000 kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 40 kg of N:P2O5:K2O compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1) per acre as base fertilizer. Make raised beds with a width of 1.5 m and a height of 30 cm. Erect a 3 m high, 10 m span shade canopy, cover with a shade net with a 65% shading rate, and lay a whole-field integrated water and fertilizer pipeline network.

[0073] S2. Select tubers of virus-free tissue culture of Amorphophallus bulbifera with a single weight of 200-300g (weight difference <100g), spread them out to dry for 2 days, soak them in 0.15wt% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, then take them out and dry them; place them at 28℃ and 80% relative humidity to germinate until they sprout.

[0074] S3. Make planting pits 20cm deep on the ridge surface, place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, and cover them with soil until level; plant them at a spacing of 40cm×30cm, with a density of 2200 plants / acre; then water thoroughly with a solution of Bacillus subtilis diluted 1500 times.

[0075] S4. Lay PE drip irrigation capillary pipes with a spacing of 20cm and a water output of 3L / h on the raised bed surface, and cover them with a silver-gray / black dual-color microporous membrane.

[0076] S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 50% using a drip irrigation system; during the corm enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 40%; and during the corm maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 30%. At different growth stages, apply fertilizer precisely in stages using an integrated water and fertilizer system, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient fertilizer. Specifically: (1) First topdressing: After transplanting, apply quick-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 5.5:1.5:2.5, and contains 35g / L of humic acid) by drip irrigation at a rate of 5kg per mu, diluted 300 times.

[0077] (2) Second topdressing: 12 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1) and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1, and organic matter content of 52g / L) by drip irrigation. The amount of mixed fertilizer applied is 5.5kg per mu, diluted 220 times.

[0078] (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Every 18 days, apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1, and containing 35g / L of humic acid, with a single application amount of 8kg per mu) and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 22:5:15, with a single application amount of 12kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0079] (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Every 18 days, apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 2:1:5, and containing 52g / L of organic matter, with a single application amount of 10kg per mu) and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 15:8:28, with a single application amount of 15kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0080] Meanwhile, starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray an amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer (containing 120g / L of free amino acids and 22g / L of micronutrients Fe+Mn+Zn+B; 52L of fertilizer solution per acre each time) every 13 days, with a dilution ratio of 1100 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period.

[0081] After the konjac leaves unfold, spray a mixture of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb every 13 days (1300 times diluted solution prepared by mixing metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb at a mass ratio of 1:2; apply 52L of solution per acre each time) for disease prevention; during the bulb enlargement period, inject a 900 times diluted solution of cypermethrin into the drip irrigation system (110L of solution per acre each time) for underground pest control.

[0082] S6. Harvest the bulbils that have fallen to the ground 33 days after the konjac plants die back; then remove the mulch and harvest the bulbs.

[0083] Example 3 A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of marketable konjac bulbils includes the following steps: S1. Deeply plow and expose to the sun in sandy loam farmland with a pH of 6.2, a sand-to-soil ratio of 7:3, and an organic matter content of 1.5%. Apply 80 kg of lime powder per mu for disinfection. Apply 2100 kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer, 28 kg of superphosphate, and 35 kg of N:P2O5:K2O compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1) per mu as base fertilizer. Make raised beds with a width of 1.6 m and a height of 32 cm. Erect a 3.2 m high, 10 m span shade canopy, cover with a 70% shading net, and lay a whole-field integrated water and fertilizer pipeline network.

[0084] S2. Select tubers of virus-free tissue culture of Amorphophallus bulbifera with a single weight of 300-400g (weight difference <100g), spread them out to dry for 3 days, soak them in 0.2wt% potassium permanganate solution for 8 minutes, and then take them out and dry them. Place them at 30℃ and 85% relative humidity to promote germination until they sprout.

[0085] S3. Make planting pits 28cm deep on the ridge surface, place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, and cover them with soil until level; plant them at a spacing of 40cm×40cm, with a density of 1700 plants / acre; then water thoroughly with a solution of Bacillus subtilis diluted 1500 times.

[0086] S4. Lay PE drip irrigation capillary pipes with a spacing of 22cm and a water output of 3.5L / h on the raised bed surface, and cover them with a silver-gray / black dual-color microporous membrane.

[0087] S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 60% using a drip irrigation system; during the corm enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 50%; and during the corm maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 30%. At different growth stages, apply fertilizer precisely in stages using an integrated water and fertilizer system, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient fertilizer. Specifically: (1) First topdressing: After transplanting, apply quick-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 6:2:3, and contains 38g / L of humic acid) by drip irrigation. The application rate is 6kg per mu, diluted 320 times.

[0088] (2) Second topdressing: 15 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1) and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1, and organic matter content of 50g / L) by drip irrigation. The amount of mixed fertilizer applied is 7kg per mu, diluted 280 times.

[0089] (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Every 18 days, apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1, and humic acid content of 38g / L, single application amount of 9kg per mu) and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 22:5:15, single application amount of 15kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0090] (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Every 20 days, apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 2:1:5, and containing 54g / L of organic matter, with a single application amount of 11kg per mu) and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 15:8:28, with a single application amount of 16kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0091] Meanwhile, starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray an amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer (containing 130g / L of free amino acids and 25g / L of micronutrients Fe+Mn+Zn+B; 58L of fertilizer solution per acre each time) every 15 days, with a dilution ratio of 1150 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period.

[0092] After the konjac leaves unfold, spray a mixture of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb every 15 days (1400 times diluted solution prepared by mixing metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb at a mass ratio of 1:2; apply 57L of solution per acre each time) for disease prevention; during the bulb enlargement period, inject a 950 times diluted solution of cypermethrin into the drip irrigation system (110L of solution per acre each time) for underground pest control.

[0093] S6. Harvest the bulbils that have fallen to the ground 36 days after the konjac plants die back; then remove the mulch and harvest the bulbs.

[0094] Example 4 A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of marketable konjac bulbils includes the following steps: S1. Deeply plow and expose to the sun in sandy loam farmland with a pH of 6.5, a sand-to-soil ratio of 7:4, and an organic matter content of 2%. Apply 80 kg of lime powder per acre for disinfection. Apply 2200 kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer, 25 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of N:P2O5:K2O compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1) per acre as base fertilizer. Make raised beds with a width of 1.6 m and a height of 32 cm. Erect a 3.2 m high, 10 m span shade canopy, cover with a 70% shading net, and lay a whole-field integrated water and fertilizer pipeline network.

[0095] S2. Select tubers of virus-free tissue culture of Amorphophallus bulbifera with a single weight of >400g (weight difference <100g), spread them out to dry for 3 days, soak them in 0.2wt% potassium permanganate solution for 8 minutes, and then take them out and dry them. Place them at 30℃ and 75% relative humidity to germinate until they sprout.

[0096] S3. Make planting pits 35cm deep on the ridge, place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, and cover them with soil until level; plant them at a spacing of 40cm×50cm, with a density of 1300 plants / acre; then water thoroughly with a solution of Bacillus subtilis diluted 1500 times.

[0097] S4. Lay PE drip irrigation capillary pipes with a spacing of 22cm and a water output of 3.5L / h on the raised bed surface, and cover them with a silver-gray / black dual-color microporous membrane.

[0098] S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 70% using a drip irrigation system; during the corm enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 60%; and during the corm maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 40%. At different growth stages, apply fertilizer precisely in stages using an integrated water and fertilizer system, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient fertilizer. Specifically: (1) First topdressing: After transplanting, apply quick-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 6:2:3, and contains 30g / L of humic acid) by drip irrigation. The application rate is 6kg per mu, diluted 350 times.

[0099] (2) Second topdressing: 15 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1) and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1, and organic matter content of 50g / L) by drip irrigation. The amount of mixed fertilizer applied is 7kg per mu, diluted 300 times.

[0100] (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Every 20 days, apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 3:1:1, and humic acid content of 30g / L, single application amount of 9kg per mu) and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 22:5:15, single application amount of 15kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0101] (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Every 20 days, apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 2:1:5, and containing 50g / L of organic matter, with a single application amount of 11kg per mu) and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 15:8:28, with a single application amount of 16kg per mu) alternately by drip irrigation.

[0102] Meanwhile, starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray an amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer (containing 100g / L of free amino acids and 20g / L of micronutrients Fe+Mn+Zn+B; 60L of fertilizer solution per acre each time) every 15 days, diluted 1200 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period.

[0103] After the konjac leaves unfold, spray a mixture of metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb every 15 days (1500 times diluted solution prepared by mixing metalaxyl-mancozeb and mancozeb at a mass ratio of 1:2; 60L of solution per acre each time) for disease prevention; during the bulb enlargement period, inject a 1000 times diluted solution of cypermethrin into the drip irrigation system (120L of solution per acre each time) for underground pest control.

[0104] S6. 40 days after the konjac plants die back, harvest the bulbils that have fallen to the ground; then remove the mulch and harvest the bulbs.

[0105] To verify the superiority of the planting method provided by this invention, which increases the yield and improves the quality of commercial konjac tubers, comparative examples 1-5 were set up, wherein: Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1, except that virus-free tissue culture seed tubers are not used, but ordinary second-generation non-virus-free seed tubers (each bulb weighs 100-200g) saved by farmers are used, and the planting density is the traditional 5500 plants / acre.

[0106] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except that the operation of setting up a shade shed and covering with a shade net is removed in step S1, and the entire growth period is cultivated under full open-field natural light.

[0107] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 1, except that the full-cycle drip irrigation topdressing in step S5 is cancelled. Instead, 50% of the total amount of fertilizer in step S5 is incorporated into the base fertilizer and applied all at once, and the other 50% is applied all at once in the vigorous growth period by manual furrow application.

[0108] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 1, except that in step S3, only water is thoroughly rinsed with clean water as root-setting water at the time of transplanting (without adding Bacillus subtilis); in step S5, the operation of spraying amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer is cancelled throughout the entire growth period.

[0109] Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 is the same as Example 1, except that in step S4, only PE drip irrigation capillaries are laid on the ridge surface without covering them with microporous membranes, and in the field management of step S5, manual weeding and weed removal are added every 20 days.

[0110] The indicators of the commercial taro obtained by the planting methods in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of this invention were tested respectively.

[0111] (1) Yield determination: During the harvest period, representative plots (0.1 mu) of the same area were randomly selected for each example and comparative example for actual harvesting. After removing fibrous roots and soil, the fresh weight was determined and converted into yield per mu.

[0112] (2) Soft rot incidence rate determination: During the entire field growth period, the total number of planted plants and the number of plants with soft rot (characterized by softening and rotting of the base of the petiole) in each experimental area were systematically investigated. Incidence rate (%) = (number of plants with soft rot / total number of plants investigated) × 100%.

[0113] (3) Determination of the viscosity of refined powder: After harvesting, 10 kg of fresh konjac slices were randomly selected from each group, dried and crushed, and glucomannan was extracted and purified. The resulting aqueous solution was prepared with a concentration of 1 wt%, and its viscosity value (mPa·s) was determined using an NDJ-1 type rotational viscometer at 25℃.

[0114] (4) Number of days of delay in lodging time: Record the time when 50% of the plants in each experimental group fell over naturally. Using the lodging time of Comparative Example 1 (traditional cultivation baseline) as the baseline, calculate the number of days of delay for each group compared to the baseline. The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Comparison of yield, soft rot incidence, and refined flour viscosity of commercial taro obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 As shown in Table 1, the yield, soft rot incidence, and refined flour viscosity of the taro products obtained in Examples 1-4 of this invention are significantly better than those in Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0115] As demonstrated in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, using high-quality virus-free tissue culture seed tubers is fundamental for high yield and improved quality. Despite a high planting density, non-virus-free seed tubers (Comparative Example 1) exhibited a high disease incidence rate of 21.5% due to virus accumulation and poor resistance, and their yield and viscosity were significantly lower. This proves that virus-free superior varieties play an irreplaceable fundamental role in increasing yield and improving internal content.

[0116] As shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, reasonable shading environment control has a significant impact on the photosynthetic efficiency of konjac. Full-sun cultivation (Comparative Example 2) makes the plants susceptible to strong light and high temperature stress, resulting in severe premature aging and seedling collapse, significantly shortening the effective tuber enlargement period, and causing a significant decrease in yield and starch viscosity.

[0117] As demonstrated in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, precise integrated water and fertilizer management throughout the entire growth period has a significant promoting effect on quality and yield. Traditional extensive fertilization (Comparative Example 3) easily causes seedling burn in the early stage or nutrient deficiency in the later stage, resulting in a significant reduction in yield.

[0118] As shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, Bacillus subtilis and amino acid foliar fertilizer can synergistically prevent and resist diseases and stress. In Comparative Example 4, the incidence of soft rot increased sharply to 18.2%, and the plant's stress resistance decreased, leading to premature aging. This proves that constructing a healthy rhizosphere microecology and regulating foliar physiological functions are the core guarantees for achieving high and stable yields in this invention.

[0119] As shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 5, the two-color microporous mulch film has an auxiliary and synergistic effect in terms of heat preservation and moisture retention, weed suppression, and reduction of soil disease transmission. No mulch film (Comparative Example 5) increased soil moisture evaporation fluctuations and weeding costs, affected stable root development, and slightly lowered yield indicators.

[0120] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method that can increase the yield and improve the quality of commercial konjac tubers with bulbils, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation before planting: Select a planting nursery, prepare the land, make ridges and beds, apply base fertilizer in the beds, and set up a shade canopy with a shading rate of 60-70%, while also setting up an integrated water and fertilizer system. S2. Bulb preparation and germination: Select disease-free and pest-free Amorphophallus bulbs (yellow konjac) tissue culture seedlings as bulbs. After sun-drying and disinfection, place them in an environment of 25-30℃ and 75-85% relative humidity to germinate until sprouting. S3. Bulb transplanting: Dig a hole on the ridge and place the germinated bulbs with the buds facing upwards. Cover with soil until it is level with the ridge surface, and water with water containing Bacillus subtilis until the soil is thoroughly moistened. S4. Pipe and film laying: Lay irrigation capillary pipes connected to the integrated water and fertilizer facility on the raised bed surface and cover with mulch film; S5. Field Management: During the seedling and vigorous growth stages of konjac, maintain soil moisture content at 40-70% through drip irrigation system; during the tuber enlargement stage, maintain soil moisture content at 30-60%; and during the tuber maturity stage, maintain soil moisture content at 25-40%. At different growth stages, apply fertilizer precisely in stages using integrated water and fertilizer facilities, combined with foliar spraying of amino acid micronutrient foliar fertilizer. S6. Harvesting of commercial konjac: Harvest 30-40 days after the konjac plants die back.

2. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of marketable konjac bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the planting nursery is sandy loam soil with an organic matter content >1% and a pH value of 5.8-6.5, and the sand-to-soil ratio is 6-7:3-4.

3. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, applying base fertilizer means applying 1800-2200 kg of organic fertilizer, 25-35 kg of superphosphate, and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. After mechanically spreading the fertilizer evenly, the seedbed is ridged and prepared with a width of 1.4-1.6 m and a height of 28-32 cm.

4. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the bulbs are graded and planted according to their individual weight during transplanting. If the bulbs weigh 100-200g each, the planting density is 2500-2700 plants per mu (667 square meters), and the plant spacing is 40cm×26cm. If the bulbs weigh 200-300g each, the planting density is 2100-2300 plants per mu (667 square meters), and the plant spacing is 40cm×30cm. If the bulbs weigh 300-400g each, the planting density is 1600-1800 plants per acre, and the plant spacing is 40cm×40cm. If the bulb weight is >400g, the planting density is 1200-1400 plants / acre, and the plant spacing is 40cm×50cm.

5. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the root establishment water of step S3, the dilution factor of Bacillus subtilis is 1400-1600 times.

6. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the specific steps of applying fertilizer precisely in multiple stages include: (1) First topdressing: Apply quick-acting nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation after transplanting. The application rate is 4-6 kg per mu, diluted 280-350 times. (2) Second topdressing: 10-15 days after the first topdressing, apply a mixture of high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation. The application rate is 5-7 kg per mu, diluted 200-300 times. (3) Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Apply high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer and inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer alternately by drip irrigation every 15-20 days; (4) Topdressing during the bulb enlargement period: Apply organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-enlarging fertilizer and inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer alternately by drip irrigation every 15-20 days.

7. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to nutrient-balanced organic-inorganic chelated suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1; the application rate of the mixed fertilizer is 5-7 kg per mu.

8. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of marketable konjac bulbils according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the high-nitrogen organic-inorganic suspension water-soluble fertilizer is 3:1:1, and it contains humic acid ≥30g / L. The single application amount is 7-9kg per mu. The N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the inorganic chelated water-soluble fertilizer is 22:5:15, and the single application amount is 10-15kg per mu.

9. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (4), the N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the organic-inorganic chelated high-potassium fruit-expanding fertilizer is 2:1:5, and it contains ≥50g / L of organic matter. The single application amount is 9-11kg per mu. The N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of the inorganic high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 15:8:28, and the single application amount is 14-16kg per mu.

10. The planting method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of commercial konjac taro with bulbils according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the foliar spraying operation is as follows: starting from the unfolding of the second leaf of the konjac plant, spray amino acid trace element foliar fertilizer once every 12-15 days, with a dilution ratio of 1000-1200 times, and continue spraying until the end of the bulb enlargement period.

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