An automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosions in lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

This application discloses an automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosions in lithium-ion batteries. Installed within the confined space containing the lithium-ion battery, the device includes a support structure with channels for the dry water explosion suppressant to fall through; a load-bearing release component comprising a brittle load-bearing layer and a limiting barrier; the two forming a receiving cavity; a dry water explosion suppressant placed within the receiving cavity; and several puncture components that move upwards under the drive of a lifting mechanism, puncturing the brittle load-bearing layer and causing the dry water explosion suppressant to fall through. By installing this automatic dry water spraying device inside the lithium-ion battery module, this application enables dry water to act rapidly and uniformly from top to bottom on the flammable gas area generated by thermal runaway, thereby actively suppressing the risk of combustion and explosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of fire safety and new energy storage protection technology, specifically to an automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosions in lithium-ion batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of energy storage technology and the new energy industry, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, and communication base stations due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life. However, lithium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runaway under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, short circuits, overheating, or mechanical damage, releasing large amounts of high-temperature flammable gases. These gases can easily cause highly destructive explosions within the confined battery casing, posing a high safety risk.

[0003] Current methods for preventing and controlling the risk of thermal runaway combustion and explosion in lithium-ion batteries still have certain shortcomings. Traditional measures, considering factors such as structure and economy, often employ depressurization methods to reduce the risk of explosion. However, these methods usually involve depressurization after an explosion has occurred, which has limited effectiveness in reducing the risk of explosion. In addition, existing explosion suppression measures mostly involve delivering the explosion suppressant to the inside of the lithium-ion battery module through pipelines, which has problems such as inaccurate spraying timing and uneven spraying distribution, making it difficult to achieve rapid and effective suppression of flammable gases during thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries. By setting the automatic dry water spraying device inside the lithium-ion battery module, dry water can be applied rapidly and evenly from top to bottom to the flammable gas area generated by thermal runaway, thereby achieving active suppression of combustion and explosion risks.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries is installed in a confined space containing the lithium-ion batteries, comprising:

[0007] The support structure is located above the lithium-ion battery and connected to the inner wall of the confined space. The support structure is provided with a channel for the dry water anti-explosion agent to fall.

[0008] The load-bearing release assembly includes a brittle load-bearing layer and a limiting barrier; the brittle load-bearing layer is made of a brittle and easily cracked material and is laid on top of the support structure; the limiting barrier surrounds and connects to the brittle load-bearing layer, and the two form a receiving cavity; a dry water explosion suppressant is placed inside the receiving cavity;

[0009] Several puncture components are disposed below the brittle bearing layer. Each puncture component includes a mounting bracket and a puncture element and a lifting drive mechanism disposed on the mounting bracket.

[0010] The mounting bracket is connected to the inner wall of the confined space, and the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the puncturing component. The puncturing component's puncture head maintains a preset distance from the brittle bearing layer, and the puncturing component moves upward under the driving action of the lifting drive mechanism to puncture the brittle bearing layer, causing the dry water explosion suppressant to fall off.

[0011] As a preferred option, the brittle support layer is made of aluminum foil composite film.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, a prefabricated weakening opening zone is provided on the brittle load-bearing layer.

[0013] The prefabricated weakened opening zone includes several weakening lines formed by cutting marks, which are used to directionally fracture and rapidly open the brittle load-bearing layer. The weakening lines are cross-shaped, star-shaped, ring-shaped, or radial.

[0014] Preferably, the piercing component adopts a cross-shaped piercing head structure with four tangential sharp corners at the front end; the piercing component is located below the pre-fabricated weakened opening area.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes control components and detection components;

[0016] The control component is connected to both the detection component and the puncture component; the control component controls the raising and lowering of the puncture component based on the detection result of the detection component.

[0017] The detection components include one or a combination of a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, and a gas concentration detection unit.

[0018] Preferably, the support structure is a wire mesh, a perforated support plate, or a grid support.

[0019] Preferably, a flow-dispersing component is also included;

[0020] The dispersion and diversion component is located below the puncture component and connected to the inner wall of the confined space. It is used to disperse, guide and distribute the released dry water.

[0021] The flow-dispersing and guiding components include flow-dispersing nets, flow-dispersing grids, or flow-dispersing plates.

[0022] Preferably, a mounting frame is also included.

[0023] The mounting frame includes a frame body and fixing connectors; the bottom of the frame body has an opening area, the planar projection of which covers the main area of ​​the lithium-ion battery; the support structure is laid on the opening area; the frame body is connected to the inner wall of the confined space through the fixing connectors.

[0024] As a preferred option, the automatic dry water spraying device is divided into several spraying units according to the placement method of the lithium-ion battery, which are used for independent spraying or inter-unit coordinated spraying.

[0025] Preferably, the control components are installed outside the confined space or inside the thermally insulated control cavity at the top of the confined space to avoid prolonged exposure to high-temperature environments.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This application achieves automatic activation, rapid release, and uniform application of the dry water-based explosion suppressant by directly placing it inside the upper area of ​​the lithium-ion battery module box or energy storage battery cabinet, and combining it with temperature and pressure signal detection, trigger control, and load-bearing release structure. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing explosion suppressant release methods, such as unstable triggering, delayed response, and uneven spraying, and achieves near-source release, shortens the action path, and improves response speed.

[0028] 2. This invention, by incorporating a load-bearing release component, pre-positions the dry-water explosion suppressant above the target protection area. Targeted and rapid release is achieved through a brittle load-bearing layer and a pre-fabricated weakened opening zone, avoiding the problems of random rupture, partial opening, and incomplete release associated with traditional flexible containers such as balloons and soft bags. This improves the controllability and repeatability of the explosion suppressant release process. Compared to existing methods of delivering explosion suppressants via pipelines, this invention eliminates the need for complex delivery paths, shortening the path of the explosion suppressant to the thermal runaway hazard area and facilitating rapid, near-source intervention.

[0029] 3. Furthermore, by combining the detection and control components, this invention can achieve precise control over the release timing of the dry water explosion suppressant based on changes in characteristic parameters such as temperature and pressure during the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. This allows the explosion suppression measures to intervene in a timely manner during the formation or development of combustion and explosion risks, rather than passively depressurizing after an explosion occurs, thereby improving the proactive prevention and control capabilities against the dangers of thermal runaway combustion and explosion.

[0030] 4. By setting a dispersion and guiding component below the load-bearing release component, the present invention can further disperse and guide the falling dry water, reduce the phenomenon of dry water agglomeration and local accumulation, and enable the dry water to cover the combustible gas area generated by thermal runaway and the space around the battery module more evenly from top to bottom, thereby improving the space utilization efficiency and uniformity of the explosion suppressant, which is conducive to enhancing the combustion suppression and explosion reduction effects.

[0031] 5. This invention features a compact overall structure and a clearly defined installation location. It can be directly integrated into lithium-ion battery module housings, energy storage battery cabinets, or other confined spaces, without relying on large external conveying equipment. It boasts advantages such as simple structure, convenient deployment, strong adaptability, and good engineering feasibility. This device is suitable for both lithium-ion battery thermal runaway prevention experimental platforms and active safety protection scenarios within energy storage systems, demonstrating significant potential for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic dry water spraying device of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the installation frame.

[0034] Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the load-bearing release component.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the punctured component.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Installation frame; 11. Frame body; 12. Fixing connector; 2. Support structure; 3. Load release assembly; 31. Brittle load-bearing layer; 311. Prefabricated weakened opening area; 32. Limiting enclosure; 4. Dry water explosion suppressant; 5. Puncture assembly; 51. Lifting drive mechanism; 52. Puncture component; 53. Mounting bracket; 6. Detection assembly; 61. Temperature detection unit; 62. Pressure detection unit; 7. Control assembly; 8. Dispersion and diversion assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0040] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries includes an installation frame 1, a support structure 2, a load-bearing release component 3, a puncture component 5, a detection component 6, a control component 7, and a dispersion and guiding component 8.

[0041] The automatic dry water spraying device of this application is installed in the upper area inside the lithium-ion battery module box, energy storage battery cabinet or other confined space. It is used to automatically release dry water explosion suppressant 4 when the lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway and causes an abnormal increase in temperature and pressure inside the box. The dry water quickly and evenly covers the area of ​​thermal runaway flammable gas and the space above the battery module from top to bottom, thereby achieving active suppression of combustion propagation and explosion hazards.

[0042] Mounting frame 1 is fixedly installed inside the lithium-ion battery module housing at the top, below the top plate, or near the upper space. It serves as the mounting base for various functional components and defines the placement area of ​​the dry runaway inhibitor 4, ensuring it is within the effective protection range above the battery module. If mounting frame 1 is positioned directly above the battery module, its planar projection covers the main body area of ​​the battery module, allowing the released dry runaway inhibitor to directly act on high-risk areas of thermal runaway.

[0043] The mounting frame 1 adopts a rigid metal frame structure, including a frame body 11 and fixing connectors 12. The frame body 11 is a rectangular closed frame, and its outer contour dimensions match the internal installation space at the top of the module box. The fixing connectors 12 use bolted connectors or welded connecting lugs to reliably fix the mounting frame 1 to the box structure. The mounting frame 1 can be configured as a rectangular frame, a circular frame, a strip frame, or a segmented modular frame according to the internal structure of the module box to adapt to the installation requirements of battery boxes of different specifications.

[0044] The support structure 2 is horizontally laid inside the mounting frame 1 to support the release assembly 3 and ensure that the release assembly 3 does not collapse entirely or sag in the middle when carrying the dry water detonator 4. The support structure 2 is provided with channels for the dry water detonator 4 to fall. The support structure 2 is fixedly connected to the inner edge of the mounting frame 1 (fixed by pressure strips), covering the opening area of ​​the mounting frame 1. It can be made of wire mesh, perforated support plate, grid support, or other structural components that combine load-bearing and drainage functions. In this embodiment, the support structure 2 adopts a stainless steel wire mesh structure with a mesh size controlled at 5 mm to 10 mm and a wire diameter controlled at 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm. This structure can provide sufficient support strength without significantly hindering the fall of the dry water during the release process.

[0045] The load-bearing release component 3 is disposed above the support structure 2 to support the dry water storage and covering component, and opens rapidly upon receiving a trigger signal to release the dry water explosion suppressant 4 instantaneously. The load-bearing release component 3 includes a brittle load-bearing layer 31 and a limiting barrier 32.

[0046] The brittle support layer 31 is a horizontal support surface located above the battery module, used to directly support the dry-water explosion suppressant layer 4. Its edges are pressed and fixed inside the mounting frame 1. The brittle support layer 31 can be made of aluminum foil composite film, brittle plastic film, heat-sensitive film, or other materials that can be quickly opened under triggering action. In this embodiment, the brittle support layer 31 is made of aluminum foil composite film, and its thickness is controlled to be 30 μm to 80 μm. This thickness range allows it to withstand the weight of the dry-water explosion suppressant 4 under normal conditions, and to break and open rapidly when subjected to external triggering action. The central area of ​​the brittle support layer 31 is provided with a pre-fabricated weakened opening area 311, which adopts a cross-shaped cut structure. The cross-shaped cut is composed of two mutually perpendicular weakening lines, which intersect at the geometric center of the brittle support layer 31. Each weakening line is 40%–70% of the effective width of the brittle load-bearing layer 31, and the cut depth is 70%–90% of the total material thickness, but not completely through, to ensure that the load-bearing layer does not fracture prematurely under normal conditions. The prefabricated weakening opening zone 311 can also be configured as a cross, star-shaped, ring-shaped, radial, or other structural form conducive to directional fracture and rapid opening.

[0047] The purpose of using the aforementioned cross-shaped prefabricated weakened opening zone 311 is that when the brittle bearing layer 31 is punctured, the bearing layer can quickly open in four directions to form a four-lobed opening structure, thereby avoiding the formation of only local small holes. This allows the dry water explosion suppressant 4 to fall as a whole in a shorter time, rather than slowly leaking out from a single point.

[0048] A limiting barrier 32 is installed around the perimeter of the brittle load-bearing layer 31 and fixed inside the mounting frame 1. The limiting barrier 32 is a closed frame structure with a height of 5 mm to 10 mm. The inner boundary of the limiting barrier 32 coincides with the laying boundary of the four layers of dry water explosion suppressant. A cover is also installed on top of the limiting barrier 32, the main function of which is to restrict the lateral movement of the dry water, prevent the dry water from concentrating towards the edge or sliding off the edge during transportation, installation, slight vibration, or when the box is tilted, and maintain a relatively uniform thickness of the dry water layer. The limiting barrier 32 is made of thin-walled stainless steel strips or heat-resistant high-strength composite materials. The limiting barrier 32 is fixed to the brittle load-bearing layer 31 by a pressing edge, so that the barrier does not hinder the opening of the load-bearing layer in the middle, and can stably limit the laying area.

[0049] The limiting barrier 32 surrounds and connects to the brittle load-bearing layer 31, forming a receiving cavity. A dry-water explosion suppressant 4 is placed within this cavity. The dry-water explosion suppressant 4 is laid flat, with the laying area defined by the limiting barrier 32, and the laying thickness controlled to be 5 mm to 15 mm. During laying, the required mass of dry-water explosion suppressant 4 is first weighed, then evenly spread on the surface of the brittle load-bearing layer 31, and leveled with a scraper to ensure a relatively uniform thickness in each area. The dry-water explosion suppressant 4 must not form significant local accumulations; otherwise, it will lead to uneven stress on the load-bearing layer, affecting the uniformity of dry-water release after triggering. The dry-water explosion suppressant 4 is located within the orthographic projection range above the battery module, ensuring that after release, when the dry-water falls along the direction of gravity, it first enters the area where thermally runaway combustible gases accumulate and the space above the battery module.

[0050] In this embodiment, the dry-water explosion suppressant 4 is applied and released in a single step. After the load-bearing release component 3 is activated, the dry-water explosion suppressant 4 completes the main dispensing process within 1 to 3 seconds, thus achieving rapid intervention. Depending on the actual application requirements, the dry-water explosion suppressant 4 can also be configured as a single-zone coverage structure, a multi-zone distribution structure, or a modular independent coverage structure to adapt to the needs of different volume enclosures, different arrangement densities, and different protected objects.

[0051] A puncture component 5 is disposed below the brittle bearing layer 31. There are n puncture components 5, where n ≥ 1, and they are arranged corresponding to the pre-fabricated weakened opening area 311. Upon receiving a trigger signal, they are used to apply a cracking and opening action to the brittle bearing layer 31. Each puncture component 5 includes a mounting bracket 53, a puncture element 52 disposed on the mounting bracket 53, and a lifting drive mechanism 51. The mounting bracket 53 is connected to the inner wall of the confined space, and the lifting drive mechanism 51 is connected to the puncture element 52. The puncture tip of the puncture element 52 maintains a preset distance from the brittle bearing layer 31, and the puncture element 52 moves upward under the driving action of the lifting drive mechanism 51, puncturing the brittle bearing layer 31 and causing the dry water explosion suppressant 4 to fall.

[0052] The puncture component 5 is one or more of an electromagnetic puncture mechanism, an electrothermal cutting mechanism, a thermal release mechanism, and a mechanical impact mechanism. In this embodiment, the puncture component 5 adopts an electromagnetic puncture mechanism. The puncture element 52 is arranged aligned with the center of the pre-weakened opening area 311 or a key stress position. When the control component 7 outputs a trigger command, the puncture element 52 causes the brittle bearing layer 31 to break rapidly and open along the pre-weakened opening area 311, thereby realizing the instantaneous release of the dry water explosion suppressant 4.

[0053] The piercing element 52 adopts a cross-shaped piercing head structure with four tangential sharp points at the front end. Compared with a single needle piercing head, the cross-shaped piercing head can not only pierce the center of the bearing layer during operation, but also tear the material near the cross weakening line at the same time, causing the brittle bearing layer 31 to rapidly open outwards along the cross-shaped cut. The effective stroke of the piercing element 52 is controlled between 10 mm and 30 mm to ensure that it does not penetrate a large area into the dry water layer after piercing the bearing layer, thereby avoiding the large-scale ejection of dry water. When the electromagnetic drive is energized, the piercing element 52 completes its forward thrust and piercing within 0.1 s to 0.5 s, and then automatically resets. The reset of the piercing element 52 does not affect the subsequent descent of the dry water.

[0054] The detection component 6 is used to sense the development of thermal runaway inside the lithium-ion battery module housing in real time. It includes a temperature detection unit 61, a pressure detection unit 62, and may also include a gas concentration detection unit if necessary. The temperature detection unit 61 detects changes in temperature inside the housing, the pressure detection unit 62 detects changes in pressure inside the housing, and the gas concentration detection unit detects changes in the concentration of gases released during thermal runaway. The detection component 6 can be installed in the top area, middle side wall area, module gap area, or high-risk area for thermal runaway of the module housing to improve the accuracy of identifying the thermal runaway process.

[0055] Temperature detection unit 61 is installed in the space above the battery module and in the upper part of the gap between the modules to monitor the rapid temperature rise that occurs in the early stages of thermal runaway. Temperature detection unit 61 uses a K-type thermocouple or a high-temperature resistant thermistor, and its measuring point is 20 mm to 100 mm away from the top surface of the battery module. The purpose of setting this distance range is to both detect the temperature rise of thermal runaway gas and high-temperature plume in a timely manner and avoid direct contact with the battery surface to avoid structural interference.

[0056] The pressure detection unit 62 is installed on the upper side wall or top of the module enclosure to monitor pressure changes inside the enclosure caused by the release of thermal runaway gases. The pressure detection unit 62 uses a micro-pressure sensor or pressure transmitter, and its detection range covers the pressure change range between normal operating conditions and thermal runaway conditions inside the enclosure. The output signal of the pressure detection unit 62 directly reflects the gas release rate and accumulation degree, and is an important parameter for determining the timing of explosion suppression.

[0057] In this embodiment, the temperature detection unit 61 and the pressure detection unit 62 are simultaneously connected to the control component 7, and the control component 7 makes a joint judgment. This avoids the problems of malfunction or lag caused by relying on a single parameter for triggering.

[0058] The control component 7 is electrically connected to both the detection component 6 and the puncture component 5. It receives and processes detection signals and controls the puncture component 5 to operate according to preset trigger logic. The control component 7 can be a controller, microcontroller, PLC, embedded control module, or other unit with logic judgment and execution control functions. The control component 7 can determine whether the lithium-ion battery has entered a thermal runaway danger stage based on changes in temperature, pressure, and / or gas concentration within the enclosure. When any parameter reaches a set threshold, or multiple parameters meet preset linkage conditions, the control component 7 immediately issues a trigger command to control the puncture component 5 to open the load-bearing release component 3, completing the automatic release of the dry-water explosion suppressant 4. The control component 7 can also be set to a control mode combining manual and automatic triggering, and can be configured with delayed triggering, graded triggering, or multiple triggering logic as needed.

[0059] In this embodiment, the control component 7 is installed outside the module housing or inside the heat-insulated control cavity on the top of the housing to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The control component 7 is an embedded controller, with its input connected to the temperature detection unit 61 and the pressure detection unit 62, and its output connected to an electromagnetic drive. The control component 7 employs dual-parameter triggering logic, with the specific judgment rule as follows:

[0060] When the temperature detection unit 61 detects a value that reaches the preset temperature threshold Tset, a first-level warning signal is issued.

[0061] When the pressure detection unit 62 detects a value that reaches the preset pressure threshold Pset, a level 2 warning signal is issued.

[0062] When the temperature detection value reaches Tset and the pressure detection value reaches Pset, the control component 7 immediately outputs a trigger command to drive the electromagnetic drive component to operate.

[0063] In another implementation, the control logic can be set to "trigger when temperature or pressure reaches a threshold," for scenarios with higher response time requirements. However, in this embodiment, both temperature and pressure parameters are used for joint judgment to improve the accuracy of the release timing.

[0064] Control component 7 is also equipped with a manual trigger interface. When the monitoring system malfunctions or manual intervention is required, the operator can directly input a trigger command into control component 7 to forcibly activate puncture component 5.

[0065] The dispersion and diversion component 8 is located below the puncture component 5, between the dry water release path and the top of the battery module. It disperses, guides, and evenly distributes the released dry water to reduce agglomeration during its descent and improve the uniformity of water coverage within the housing. The dispersion and diversion component 8 is preferably a diversion net, a dispersion grid, a diversion plate, or a combination thereof. The dispersion and diversion component 8 can be configured as a horizontal, inclined, arc-shaped, or wind-guiding structure to guide the dry water to form a more uniform spatial distribution above and around the battery module.

[0066] In this embodiment, the dispersing and guiding component 8 adopts a metal guiding mesh structure, which is horizontally positioned and maintains a vertical distance of 30 mm to 80 mm from the bearing and releasing component 3. The opening ratio of the guiding mesh is greater than 50%, allowing dry water to pass through while breaking up larger clumps as it falls. After being released from the bearing and releasing component 3, the dry water first impacts the dispersing and guiding component 8, which then disperses it into a more uniform flow of particles and a thin layer of falling water. This significantly reduces the phenomenon of concentrated falling water at a single point and improves the uniformity of the dry water coverage on the top and surrounding space of the battery module.

[0067] Furthermore, the mounting frame 1, support structure 2, limiting enclosure 32, and dispersion guiding component 8 are preferably made of heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant metal materials or high-strength composite materials with certain mechanical strength to meet the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries under thermal runaway conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, the automatic dry-water spraying device can be installed as a whole on the top of the module housing, or it can be arranged into multiple independent spraying units or zoned, interconnected spraying units depending on the internal space of the module housing. Multiple spraying units can be arranged at intervals along the battery module arrangement direction to achieve zoned protection and directional explosion suppression for different areas. The control component 7 can control the corresponding puncture component 5 to act according to the detection signals of different areas, thereby achieving precise dosing and on-demand release of the dry-water explosion suppressant 4.

[0069] The working process of the automatic dry water spraying device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0070] Under normal operating conditions, the mounting frame 1, support structure 2, and load release component 3 are fixed to the top of the module housing; the dry water explosion suppressant 4 is evenly spread on the brittle load-bearing layer 31; the puncture component 5 is in standby mode; the detection component 6 continuously monitors the internal temperature and pressure of the module housing in real time; and the control component 7 continuously receives monitoring signals from the temperature detection unit 61 and the pressure detection unit 62.

[0071] When a lithium-ion battery enters the thermal runaway stage due to abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging, short circuit, overheating, or mechanical damage, a high-temperature gas and flammable gas mixture zone rapidly forms above the battery module. As thermal runaway progresses, the internal temperature of the module housing rises, and the pressure also increases synchronously due to the large-scale release of gas. The temperature detection unit 61 first detects the abnormal temperature rise signal, and the pressure detection unit 62 detects the pressure increase signal. Both signals are simultaneously transmitted to the control component 7.

[0072] The control component 7 compares the real-time detection value with a preset threshold. When the detection value meets the trigger condition, the control component 7 immediately sends an energizing signal to the electromagnetic drive. The electromagnetic drive drives the piercing element 52 to move rapidly downwards. The cross-shaped tip of the piercing element 52 pierces the center of the brittle bearing layer 31 and causes the pre-fabricated weakened opening area 311 to tear rapidly along the intersecting cuts. The brittle bearing layer 31 thus forms a four-lobed opening structure, and the four layers of dry water explosion suppressant originally supported on it lose their support and are released downwards as a whole under the action of gravity.

[0073] The released dry water first passes through the support structure 2 and the opening in the load-bearing layer, and then impacts the dispersion and guiding component 8. Larger clumps are broken up as they pass through the dispersion and guiding component 8, resulting in a more uniform downward distribution. Subsequently, the dry water covers the top of the battery module and the surrounding thermal runaway gas area from top to bottom, absorbing heat, covering, and suppressing explosions of the high-temperature flammable gas, thereby reducing the probability of flame propagation and the risk of explosion.

[0074] Because the dry water explosion suppressant 4 is pre-positioned directly above the high-risk area of ​​thermal runaway, and its release does not rely on long-distance delivery pipelines, the time from triggering to acting on the target area is short, enabling rapid intervention in the early stages of thermal runaway combustion and explosion hazards.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that, It is installed in a confined space for housing lithium-ion batteries, including, The support structure is located above the lithium-ion battery and connected to the inner wall of the confined space. The support structure is provided with a channel for the dry water anti-explosion agent to fall. The load-bearing release assembly includes a brittle load-bearing layer and a limiting barrier; the brittle load-bearing layer is made of a brittle and easily cracked material and is laid on top of the support structure; the limiting barrier surrounds and connects to the brittle load-bearing layer, and the two form a receiving cavity; a dry water explosion suppressant is placed inside the receiving cavity; Several puncture components are disposed below the brittle bearing layer. Each puncture component includes a mounting bracket and a puncture element and a lifting drive mechanism disposed on the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is connected to the inner wall of the confined space, and the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the puncturing component. The puncturing component's puncture head maintains a preset distance from the brittle bearing layer, and the puncturing component moves upward under the driving action of the lifting drive mechanism to puncture the brittle bearing layer, causing the dry water explosion suppressant to fall off.

2. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brittle support layer is made of aluminum foil composite film.

3. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, A prefabricated weakening opening zone is provided on the brittle load-bearing layer. The prefabricated weakened opening zone includes several weakening lines formed by cutting marks, which are used to directionally fracture and rapidly open the brittle load-bearing layer. The weakening lines are cross-shaped, star-shaped, ring-shaped, or radial.

4. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piercing component adopts a cross-shaped piercing head structure, with four tangential sharp corners at the front end of the piercing head; the piercing component is located below the pre-fabricated weakened opening area.

5. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes control components and detection components; The control component is connected to both the detection component and the puncture component; the control component controls the raising and lowering of the puncture component based on the detection result of the detection component. The detection components include one or a combination of a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, and a gas concentration detection unit.

6. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting structure is a wire mesh, a perforated support plate, or a grid support.

7. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a distributed flow guiding component; The dispersion and diversion component is located below the puncture component and connected to the inner wall of the confined space. It is used to disperse, guide and distribute the released dry water. The flow-dispersing and guiding components include flow-dispersing nets, flow-dispersing grids, or flow-dispersing plates.

8. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the installation framework. The mounting frame includes a frame body and fixing connectors; the bottom of the frame body has an opening area, the planar projection of which covers the main area of ​​the lithium-ion battery; the support structure is laid on the opening area; the frame body is connected to the inner wall of the confined space through the fixing connectors.

9. The automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic dry water spraying device is divided into several spraying units according to the placement of lithium-ion batteries, which are used for independent spraying or coordinated spraying between units.

10. An automatic dry water spraying device for suppressing thermal runaway gas explosion in lithium-ion batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control components are installed outside the confined space or inside the thermally insulated control cavity at the top of the confined space to avoid prolonged exposure to high-temperature environments.

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