A system and method for removing particulate matter from a sulfur recovery tail gas

Abstract

This application discloses a system and method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas. The system includes a sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline with its inlet connected to a sulfur production furnace; a steam pipeline connected to the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline; a steam injection port on the steam pipeline for injecting steam into the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline; a mixing device located downstream of the steam injection port within the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline for mixing the steam with the sulfur recovery tail gas and liquefying the elemental sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas; and a desulfurization tower with its inlet connected to the outlet of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline. The desulfurization tower is equipped with a demister for capturing the liquid elemental sulfur. In this system, before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower, the solid elemental sulfur in the gas is liquefied by steam heating. The demister effectively captures the liquefied elemental sulfur, thereby effectively reducing the particulate matter concentration in the final exhaust gas and ensuring compliance with emission standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application generally relates to the technical field of tail gas treatment in sulfur recovery processes. More specifically, this application relates to a system and method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas. Background Art

[0002] A sulfur recovery unit (hereinafter referred to as the "SRU") is a process for converting sour gas containing hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur, which is widely used in the fields of oil refining, natural gas purification, coal chemical industry, etc. The tail gas generated by the SRU (hereinafter referred to as the "sulfur recovery tail gas") usually contains a small amount of elemental sulfur (sulfur) and other sulfur-containing compounds, which need to be further treated to meet the discharge standards.

[0003] Currently, the sulfur recovery tail gas is mostly transported through pipelines to the limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization tower equipped with a boiler for treatment, and is discharged together after being mixed with the boiler flue gas. The wet desulfurization tower has a high removal efficiency for gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, but has limited ability to capture solid particulate matter. The elemental sulfur contained in the sulfur recovery tail gas usually exists in the form of solid fine particles, which have a small particle size and low density, and are difficult to be effectively captured by the slurry when passing through the desulfurization tower, resulting in the particulate matter concentration in the finally discharged flue gas often exceeding the standard and being difficult to meet the increasingly strict environmental protection discharge standards.

[0004] To solve the above problems, some enterprises have tried to set up physical filtration devices, such as bag filters or metal filters, before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower to intercept solid sulfur elemental particles. However, this physical filtration method has the following defects in practical applications: First, solid sulfur elemental is easily adhered to the surface of the filter material, resulting in frequent blockage of the filtration device, and the filter material needs to be cleaned or replaced regularly, with high operation and maintenance costs; Second, there is a certain safety risk after sulfur elemental accumulates in the filtration device; Third, the filtration method can only intercept some particles and cannot fundamentally eliminate sulfur elemental, and the treatment effect is unstable.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide a system and method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas, so as to effectively remove solid sulfur elemental particles from the sulfur recovery tail gas, thereby reducing the particulate matter concentration in the finally discharged tail gas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to at least solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a system and method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas in multiple aspects.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a particulate matter removal system for sulfur recovery tail gas, comprising: a sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline, the inlet end of which is connected to a sulfur production furnace; a steam pipeline connected to the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline; a steam injection port on the steam pipeline for injecting steam into the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline; and a mixing device disposed within the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline and downstream of the steam injection port; the mixing device for mixing steam with the sulfur recovery tail gas to liquefy elemental sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas; a desulfurization tower, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet end of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline to receive the mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow; and a demister for capturing liquid elemental sulfur within the desulfurization tower.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mixing device includes a plurality of staggered perforated plates to increase the turbulence of the airflow and promote the mixing of steam and exhaust gas.

[0009] In some embodiments, the perforated plate is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments, an automatic control system is also included, which includes a controller and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor disposed on the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline. The controller is connected to a steam control valve disposed on the steam pipeline and is used to adjust the opening degree of the steam control valve according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the automatic control system further includes a flow sensor disposed on a steam pipeline, the flow sensor being connected to the controller for monitoring steam flow, and the controller assisting in adjusting the opening degree of the steam control valve based on the data from the flow sensor.

[0012] In some embodiments, a particulate matter concentration detector is also included at the outlet of the desulfurization tower. The particulate matter concentration detector is connected to the controller and is used to send a signal to the controller when the detected particulate matter concentration exceeds a set value. The controller adjusts the opening of the steam control valve accordingly.

[0013] In some embodiments, the steam pressure in the steam pipe is 1.0 to 1.2 MPa, and the steam temperature is 210 to 230°C.

[0014] In a second aspect, this application provides a method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas using the aforementioned particulate matter removal system, comprising the following steps: transporting sulfur recovery tail gas generated by the sulfur production furnace to a desulfurization tower through a sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline; injecting steam into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower, so that the steam and tail gas are fully mixed in a mixing device, and using the heat of the steam to liquefy the solid elemental sulfur in the tail gas; sending the mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow into the desulfurization tower, and capturing the liquid elemental sulfur through a demister in the desulfurization tower, thereby reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the tail gas; and monitoring the pressure and temperature of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline in real time through an automatic control system, and automatically adjusting the steam injection rate according to the monitoring data.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method further includes: monitoring the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas in real time by means of a particulate matter concentration detector installed at the outlet of the desulfurization tower; when the particulate matter concentration exceeds a set value, the particulate matter concentration detector sends a signal to the automatic control system, and the automatic control system increases the opening of the steam control valve accordingly until the particulate matter concentration returns to below the set value.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes: monitoring the steam flow rate in real time by means of a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline, and sending the flow data to the controller of the automatic control system; the controller combines the received pressure, temperature and flow data to precisely adjust the steam control valve.

[0017] The particulate matter removal system for sulfur recovery tail gas described above, in this embodiment, involves a sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline, a steam pipeline, a mixing device, and a desulfurization tower. Before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower, the solid elemental sulfur is pre-liquefied by steam heating. The liquefied elemental sulfur is then effectively captured by the demister originally used to collect droplets within the desulfurization tower. This avoids the problem of solid elemental sulfur being difficult to remove when it directly enters the desulfurization tower, and eliminates the need for additional specialized filtration equipment. By simply adding a steam injection and mixing device to the existing process flow, efficient removal of particulate matter (elemental sulfur) from the sulfur recovery tail gas can be achieved, effectively reducing the particulate matter concentration in the final emission tail gas and ensuring compliance with emission standards. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This paper shows a partial structural schematic diagram of a particulate matter removal system for sulfur recovery tail gas according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction; Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0020] In the diagram: 100, Particulate matter removal system in sulfur recovery tail gas; 101. Flue support; 102. Desulfurization tower; 103. Sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline; 104. Sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline interface; 105. Steam injection port; 106. Flue gas mixing inlet; 107. Original flue. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" used in the specification and claims of this application indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0023] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this specification and claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.

[0024] As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [described condition or event]."

[0025] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in some embodiments, this application provides a particulate matter removal system 100 for sulfur recovery tail gas, comprising: a sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103, the inlet end of which is connected to a sulfur production furnace; a steam pipeline connected to the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103; a steam injection port 105 provided on the steam pipeline for injecting steam into the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103; and a mixing device disposed within the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 and downstream of the steam injection port 105; the mixing device is used to mix the steam with the sulfur recovery tail gas to liquefy elemental sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas; a desulfurization tower 102, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet end of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 to receive the mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow; and a demister for capturing liquid elemental sulfur is provided inside the desulfurization tower 102.

[0027] In this application, the particulate matter removal system 100 from sulfur recovery tail gas includes a sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103, a steam pipeline, a mixing device, and a desulfurization tower 102. The inlet end of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 is connected to the sulfur production furnace, and its function is to transport the sulfur recovery tail gas generated by the sulfur production furnace to the downstream desulfurization tower 102 for treatment. The sulfur recovery tail gas carries solid elemental sulfur particles, which are the main source of excessive particulate matter concentration in the final emission tail gas.

[0028] A steam pipe is connected to the sulfur recovery waste gas pipe 103, and a steam injection port 105 is provided on the steam pipe. The steam injection port 105 is located inside the sulfur recovery waste gas pipe 103 and is used to inject high-temperature steam into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipe 103. The injection of steam provides the necessary heat source for the subsequent liquefaction of elemental sulfur.

[0029] The mixing device is installed inside the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103, downstream of the steam injection port 105. When high-temperature steam is injected into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103, it meets the sulfur recovery tail gas carrying solid elemental sulfur at the mixing device. The function of the mixing device is to ensure that the injected high-temperature steam and the sulfur recovery tail gas are fully contacted and mixed, and to ensure that the heat of the steam can be evenly and quickly transferred to every part of the tail gas by increasing the turbulence of the airflow. Under the thermal effect of the high-temperature steam, the solid elemental sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, changing from solid to liquid, forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow containing liquid elemental sulfur.

[0030] The inlet of the desulfurization tower 102 is connected to the outlet of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103, and is used to receive the gas-liquid two-phase flow formed after the above-mentioned mixing and liquefaction. A demister is installed inside the desulfurization tower 102, which separates the gas flow into the desulfurization tower 102 into gas and liquid phases. When the gas-liquid two-phase flow containing liquid sulfur passes through the demister, the liquid sulfur is captured and retained by the demister, thus achieving separation from the gas phase. The purified gas then continues to pass through the desulfurization tower 102 for further treatment or discharge.

[0031] It should be noted that in this application, the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 is connected to the original flue duct 107 via the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline interface 104; the original flue duct is provided with a flue gas mixing inlet 106 for connection to the desulfurization tower 102. In addition, the original flue duct is arranged entirely above the flue duct support 101.

[0032] In this system, the solid elemental sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas is liquefied into a liquid state by steam heating before entering the desulfurization tower 102. The liquefied elemental sulfur is then effectively captured by the demister originally used to collect droplets within the desulfurization tower 102. This method avoids the problem of solid elemental sulfur being difficult to remove when it directly enters the desulfurization tower 102, and eliminates the need for additional specialized filtration equipment. By simply adding steam injection and mixing devices to the existing process flow, efficient removal of particulate matter (elemental sulfur) from the sulfur recovery tail gas can be achieved, effectively reducing the particulate matter concentration in the final emission tail gas and ensuring compliance with emission standards.

[0033] In one specific implementation, the mixing device includes a plurality of staggered perforated plates for increasing the turbulence of the airflow and promoting the mixing of steam and exhaust gas.

[0034] In this application, the mixing device includes multiple staggered perforated plates disposed inside the sulfur recovery exhaust gas duct 103. Specifically, this staggered arrangement means that adjacent perforated plates are staggered both axially and radially along the airflow direction, such that the opening area of ​​the preceding plate corresponds to the solid blocking part of the following plate. When the sulfur recovery exhaust gas carrying steam flows through this area, the perforated plates obstruct and guide the airflow, forcing the airflow to continuously change its flow direction and velocity between the plates, forming a strong turbulent state, thereby preventing the airflow from passing through in a straight line and causing a "short circuit" phenomenon. Through this labyrinthine flow path, the steam and exhaust gas can achieve sufficient contact and mixing at the microscale, ensuring that the heat of the steam is uniformly and rapidly transferred to the solid sulfur in the exhaust gas, creating favorable heat exchange conditions for the subsequent liquefaction process.

[0035] In one specific implementation, the perforated plate is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103.

[0036] In this application, the perforated plates are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103. Specifically, the surface of each perforated plate forms a 90-degree angle with the central axis of the pipeline, meaning the perforated plate is installed in the airflow channel in a manner that crosses the pipeline. When the sulfur recovery exhaust gas carrying steam flows through this area along the axial direction of the pipeline, the vertically arranged perforated plates can directly obstruct and cut the oncoming airflow, forcing the airflow to change its original flow direction when passing through the perforated plates, thereby forming strong turbulence and eddies locally. Compared with inclined arrangement, this vertical arrangement can maximize the contact area and collision intensity between the airflow and the perforated plates, so that the steam and exhaust gas undergo forced mixing when passing through each perforated plate, thereby significantly improving the mixing uniformity of steam and exhaust gas at the microscale and providing more favorable heat transfer conditions for the full liquefaction of solid sulfur.

[0037] In one specific implementation, an automatic control system is also included, which includes a controller and pressure and temperature sensors installed on the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103. The controller is connected to a steam control valve installed on the steam pipeline and is used to adjust the opening of the steam control valve according to the monitoring data of the pressure and temperature sensors.

[0038] In this application, an automatic control system is also included. This system is a core component that ensures precise and controllable mixing of steam injection and exhaust gas. Specifically, the automatic control system includes a controller, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a steam control valve. The pressure and temperature sensors are installed on the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 to monitor the pressure and temperature parameters of the exhaust gas within the pipeline 103 in real time. The steam control valve is installed on the steam pipeline to control the steam injection flow rate and its on / off state. The controller, as the core of the automatic control system, is connected to the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and steam control valve.

[0039] During operation, pressure and temperature sensors transmit real-time data on exhaust gas pressure and temperature to the controller. The controller analyzes and judges the received monitoring data and automatically adjusts the opening of the steam control valve according to preset control logic, thereby achieving dynamic and precise adjustment of the steam injection volume. Through this automatic control method, the system can adjust the steam injection volume in real time according to the actual operating conditions of the sulfur recovery tail gas, such as pressure and temperature fluctuations, ensuring that the steam and tail gas are always in the optimal mixing and liquefaction state, providing a stable and reliable prerequisite for the efficient collection of mist in the subsequent desulfurization tower 102.

[0040] In one specific implementation, the automatic control system further includes a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline, the flow sensor being connected to the controller for monitoring steam flow, and the controller adjusting the opening of the steam control valve based on the data from the flow sensor.

[0041] In this application, a flow sensor is installed on the steam pipeline and connected to a controller. The flow sensor is used to monitor the steam flow rate data in the steam pipeline in real time and sends the collected flow signal to the controller. The controller receives monitoring data from the pressure sensor and temperature sensor, and combines this data with the steam flow rate information from the flow sensor to perform comprehensive analysis and judgment.

[0042] Based on this multi-dimensional real-time data, the controller in this application can more accurately determine whether the actual steam injection volume matches the current exhaust gas conditions, and accordingly adjust the opening of the steam control valve. By introducing a flow sensor, the control system can achieve more refined closed-loop control, ensuring that the steam injection volume is always maintained within the optimal range, thereby further optimizing the mixing effect of steam and exhaust gas and providing a more reliable control guarantee for the stable liquefaction of elemental sulfur.

[0043] In one specific implementation, a particulate matter concentration detector is also included at the outlet of the desulfurization tower 102. The particulate matter concentration detector is connected to the controller and is used to send a signal to the controller when the detected particulate matter concentration exceeds a set value. The controller adjusts the opening of the steam control valve accordingly.

[0044] In this application, a particulate matter concentration detector is installed at the outlet of desulfurization tower 102, and this detector is connected to a controller in the automatic control system. The particulate matter concentration detector monitors the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas emitted from the outlet of desulfurization tower 102 in real time and sends the monitoring data to the controller. The controller has a preset particulate matter concentration setpoint, which serves as the basis for determining whether emissions meet standards. When the particulate matter concentration detected by the detector exceeds the setpoint, the detector sends a corresponding exceedance signal to the controller. Upon receiving this signal, the controller automatically adjusts the opening of the steam control valve on the steam pipeline, typically by increasing the steam injection rate to enhance the liquefaction effect of elemental sulfur, until the particulate matter concentration at the outlet of desulfurization tower 102 returns to below the setpoint.

[0045] This solution forms a complete closed loop from emission monitoring to front-end control through this real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment mechanism, ensuring that stable particulate matter removal efficiency can be automatically maintained under any operating condition fluctuations, and guaranteeing that the final exhaust gas meets the standards in the long term.

[0046] In some embodiments, the steam pressure in the steam pipe is 1.0 to 1.2 MPa, and the steam temperature is 210 to 230°C.

[0047] In this application, the steam pressure in the steam pipeline ranges from 1.0 to 1.2 MPa, and the steam temperature ranges from 210 to 230°C. This specific parameter range is set based on optimized considerations of the liquefaction conditions of solid sulfur in the sulfur recovery tail gas. Specifically, when the steam pressure is below 1.0 MPa or the temperature is below 210°C, sufficient heat cannot be provided to allow the solid sulfur in the tail gas to fully absorb heat and completely liquefy during the brief mixing process. This results in some sulfur remaining in solid form and entering the desulfurization tower 102, affecting the demister's collection efficiency. While a steam pressure above 1.2 MPa or a temperature above 230°C may further improve the liquefaction effect, it leads to unnecessary energy consumption and increased thermal load on the pipeline equipment, increasing operating costs and safety risks. Therefore, this application controls the steam pressure within the range of 1.0 to 1.2 MPa and the temperature within the range of 210 to 230°C. This ensures efficient sulfur liquefaction while balancing energy utilization efficiency and equipment operational safety, representing the preferred process parameters for achieving the technical objectives of this application.

[0048] It is worth noting that when implementing the particulate matter removal system from sulfur recovery tail gas described in this application, the pipeline installation and equipment commissioning must be completed strictly according to the design requirements to ensure stable operation and achieve the expected treatment effect after the system is built. During pipeline installation, the steam pipeline and the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline should ensure accurate slope and reliable connection sealing to prevent leakage of high-temperature steam or sulfur-containing tail gas. In particular, at the connection between the steam pipeline and the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline, the installation angle and position of the steam injection port must be precisely positioned to ensure that the injected steam can enter the tail gas flow channel in the optimal manner. After the entire system is installed, the automatic control system and real-time monitoring system need to be fully commissioned, including checking the installation position and sensitivity of various sensors such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and flow sensors, testing the controller's adjustment function for the steam control valve, and verifying whether the communication and feedback mechanism between the particulate matter concentration detector and the controller is normal, to ensure that the system can achieve precise automatic control after being put into operation.

[0049] After the system is put into operation, a comprehensive daily inspection and maintenance system needs to be established to ensure long-term stable operation. Daily inspections should focus on leaks and corrosion in steam pipelines and sulfur recovery waste gas pipelines, observe the flexibility of steam control valves, and comprehensively assess the system's operating status by reviewing the displayed data from the automatic control system and real-time monitoring system. Sensors, as the data foundation for automatic control, require regular calibration. Typically, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, and particulate matter concentration detectors should be calibrated every 3 to 6 months to ensure the accuracy of collected data and the reliability of the control system.

[0050] For critical equipment, the turbulence-causing orifice plates within the mixing unit should be cleaned regularly according to operational conditions to prevent sulfides or impurities from adhering and affecting the mixing effect. Simultaneously, steam control valves should be regularly maintained, with seals inspected for wear and aged parts replaced promptly to ensure accurate steam flow control. Furthermore, a comprehensive emergency plan should be developed to address unforeseen circumstances such as steam supply interruptions, sensor malfunctions, and controller failures. This ensures rapid implementation of emergency measures in abnormal situations, protecting production safety and the environment from pollution, and facilitating timely repair and system restoration by professional personnel. Through the above construction, operation, and maintenance measures, this system can maintain stable particulate matter removal performance throughout its entire lifecycle, ensuring that sulfur recovery tail gas meets emission standards.

[0051] In some embodiments, this application provides a method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas using the above-mentioned particulate matter removal system 100, comprising the following steps: transporting sulfur recovery tail gas generated by the sulfur production furnace to the desulfurization tower 102 through a sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103; injecting steam into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103 before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower 102, so that the steam and tail gas are fully mixed in a mixing device, and using the heat of the steam to liquefy the solid elemental sulfur in the tail gas; sending the mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow into the desulfurization tower 102, and capturing the liquid elemental sulfur through a demister in the desulfurization tower 102, thereby reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the tail gas; and automatically monitoring the pressure and temperature of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103 in real time through an automatic control system, and automatically adjusting the steam injection rate according to the monitoring data.

[0052] In the scheme of this application, the method of removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas using the above-mentioned sulfur recovery tail gas particulate matter removal system 100 mainly includes four core steps: tail gas transportation, steam injection liquefaction, gas-liquid separation and automatic control and regulation.

[0053] First, the sulfur recovery tail gas generated by the sulfur production furnace is transported to the desulfurization tower 102 through the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103, allowing the tail gas containing solid elemental sulfur to enter the treatment process. Before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower 102, high-temperature steam is injected into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103 through a steam pipeline, allowing the steam and tail gas to be fully mixed in a mixing device; the heat of the steam is used to heat and liquefy the elemental sulfur in the tail gas, which was originally in solid form, into a liquid state, thereby changing the physical form of the elemental sulfur and making it easier for subsequent equipment to capture.

[0054] Subsequently, the gas-liquid two-phase flow formed after mixing and liquefaction is sent into the desulfurization tower 102, where the gas flow is separated into gas and liquid by a demister installed inside the desulfurization tower 102. Liquid sulfur is effectively captured and retained when passing through the demister, while the purified gas continues to enter the desulfurization tower 102 for further treatment or emission, thereby significantly reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the final exhaust gas.

[0055] Throughout the process, the pressure and temperature parameters of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline 103 are monitored in real time by an automatic control system. Based on this monitoring data, the opening of the steam control valve on the steam pipeline is automatically adjusted to precisely control the amount of steam injected. Through this closed-loop control mechanism of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, this method ensures that the mixing effect of steam and exhaust gas is always optimal under different operating conditions, guaranteeing the stable liquefaction of elemental sulfur and providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient collection of the demister.

[0056] In one specific implementation, the method further includes: monitoring the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas in real time by using a particulate matter concentration detector installed at the outlet of the desulfurization tower 102; when the particulate matter concentration exceeds a set value, the particulate matter concentration detector sends a signal to the automatic control system, and the automatic control system increases the opening of the steam control valve accordingly until the particulate matter concentration returns to below the set value.

[0057] The method of this application also includes a feedback control step based on real-time monitoring of particulate matter concentration. Specifically, a particulate matter concentration detector installed at the outlet of desulfurization tower 102 monitors the particulate matter concentration in the final exhaust gas from desulfurization tower 102 in real time. This detector is connected to an automatic control system, which has a preset particulate matter concentration setpoint as a threshold for determining whether emissions meet standards. When the real-time concentration data detected by the particulate matter concentration detector exceeds this setpoint, the detector immediately sends a corresponding exceedance signal to the automatic control system. Upon receiving this signal, the automatic control system automatically increases the opening of the steam control valve on the steam pipeline, thereby increasing the amount of steam injected into the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103 to enhance the mixing effect of steam and exhaust gas and the liquefaction efficiency of elemental sulfur. Through this real-time feedback adjustment, the system continuously increases the steam injection rate until the data fed back by the particulate matter concentration detector shows that the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas returns to below the setpoint. Through this closed-loop control mechanism, this method can automatically respond and quickly restore the state to compliance when the operating conditions fluctuate or the treatment effect declines, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the desulfurization system and ensuring that the concentration of particulate matter in the final exhaust gas always meets the environmental protection emission requirements.

[0058] In one specific implementation, the method further includes: monitoring the steam flow rate in real time by means of a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline, and sending the flow data to the controller of the automatic control system; the controller combines the received pressure, temperature and flow data to precisely adjust the steam control valve.

[0059] The method in this application also includes real-time monitoring of steam flow and multi-parameter fusion control steps. Specifically, a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline monitors the instantaneous flow rate of steam in the pipeline in real time, and sends the collected flow data to the controller of the automatic control system. Simultaneously with receiving the flow data, the controller also receives pressure and temperature data collected from pressure and temperature sensors in the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline 103. The controller comprehensively analyzes these three types of real-time monitoring data to fully assess whether the current steam injection rate matches the actual operating conditions of the exhaust gas. Based on this multi-dimensional real-time data, the controller precisely adjusts the opening of the steam control valve to ensure that the steam injection rate is always maintained within the optimal range.

[0060] This application, through this refined control method that combines pressure, temperature, and flow data, can dynamically adapt to changes in exhaust gas conditions and maintain the optimal sulfur liquefaction effect, thereby providing a stable and reliable front-end guarantee for the efficient collection of demisters in the subsequent desulfurization tower 102.

[0061] While numerous embodiments of this application have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will arise for those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and intent of this application. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of this application described herein may be employed in the practice of this application. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of this application and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. A particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas, characterized in that, include: The sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103) is connected to the sulfur production furnace at its inlet end; A steam pipe is connected to the sulfur recovery waste gas pipe (103); the steam pipe is provided with a steam injection port (105) for injecting steam into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipe (103); and A mixing device is installed inside the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline (103) and downstream of the steam injection port (105); the mixing device is used to mix steam with sulfur recovery tail gas and liquefy elemental sulfur in sulfur recovery tail gas. The desulfurization tower (102) has its inlet connected to the outlet end of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103) to receive the mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow; the desulfurization tower (102) is equipped with a demister for capturing liquid sulfur.

2. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing device includes multiple staggered perforated plates to increase the turbulence of the airflow and promote the mixing of steam and exhaust gas.

3. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perforated plate is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the sulfur recovery exhaust gas pipeline (103).

4. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes an automatic control system, which includes a controller and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed on the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103). The controller is connected to a steam control valve installed on the steam pipeline and is used to adjust the opening of the steam control valve according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor.

5. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic control system also includes a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline. The flow sensor is connected to the controller and is used to monitor the steam flow. The controller adjusts the opening of the steam control valve based on the data from the flow sensor.

6. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a particulate matter concentration detector installed at the outlet of the desulfurization tower (102), which is connected to the controller and is used to send a signal to the controller when the detected particulate matter concentration exceeds a set value, so that the controller adjusts the opening of the steam control valve accordingly.

7. The particulate matter removal system (100) for sulfur recovery tail gas according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The steam pressure in the steam pipeline is 1.0 to 1.2 MPa, and the steam temperature is 210 to 230°C.

8. A method for removing particulate matter from sulfur recovery tail gas using the particulate matter removal system (100) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The sulfur recovery tail gas generated by the sulfur production furnace is transported to the desulfurization tower (102) through the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103). Before the sulfur recovery tail gas enters the desulfurization tower (102), steam is injected into the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103) so that the steam and tail gas are fully mixed in the mixing device and the heat of the steam is used to liquefy the solid sulfur in the tail gas. The mixed gas-liquid two-phase flow is sent into the desulfurization tower (102), where the liquid sulfur is captured by the demister inside the desulfurization tower (102), thereby reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the tail gas. The pressure and temperature of the sulfur recovery waste gas pipeline (103) are monitored in real time by an automatic control system, and the amount of steam injected is automatically adjusted according to the monitoring data.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas is monitored in real time by a particulate matter concentration detector installed at the outlet of the desulfurization tower (102); When the particulate matter concentration exceeds the set value, the particulate matter concentration detector sends a signal to the automatic control system, which then increases the opening of the steam control valve until the particulate matter concentration returns to below the set value.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The steam flow rate is monitored in real time by a flow sensor installed on the steam pipeline, and the flow data is sent to the controller of the automatic control system. The controller combines the received pressure, temperature, and flow data to precisely adjust the steam control valve.

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