Functional material for adsorption and degradation of organic dyes and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of functional materials for organic dye adsorption and degradation and its preparation method and application, belong to pollutant degradation field.The present application uses one-step hydrothermal synthesis method, with anhydrous ferric chloride, tin chloride tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as raw material, successfully constructs the Fe (Sn (OH) 6) / FeSnO (OH) 5 heterojunction composite material with close interface combination.The material can realize the efficient removal of typical organic pollutants methylene blue at normal temperature and pressure, and the degradation rate can reach more than 90% in a short time, showing excellent adsorption and degradation performance.The present application has simple process, mild reaction condition, low raw material cost, avoids complex post-processing process, has good scalability and application potential.The material can provide an efficient, economical technical solution for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in water, has significant environmental benefits and practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pollutant degradation, specifically to a functional material for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The continuous advancement of industrialization and the rapid development of industries such as textile printing and dyeing, and fine chemicals, while meeting societal material needs, have also brought about water pollution problems. Among these, organic dye wastewater, due to its large discharge volume, high color intensity, complex composition, and strong biotoxicity, has become a key focus and challenge for treatment. Once these pollutants enter the aquatic environment, they not only affect the sensory properties of water bodies and obstruct sunlight transmission, thus damaging aquatic ecosystems, but some dyes and their degradation products also directly threaten human health. Traditional methods such as physical adsorption, coagulation sedimentation, and biological treatment are widely used, but they often suffer from bottlenecks such as limited adsorption capacity, large sludge production, long treatment cycles, or poor degradation efficiency for high-concentration, highly stable dyes. Therefore, developing a new type of water treatment material and technology that can efficiently, rapidly, and thoroughly degrade organic dyes, while also possessing low cost, ease of operation, and environmental friendliness, has become a research hotspot and urgent need in the field of environmental functional materials. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention designs and synthesizes a one-step hydrothermal method for preparing Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite materials, achieving efficient degradation of MB.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0005] 1) Anhydrous ferric chloride, tin chloride tetrahydrate, and sodium hydroxide were dissolved in water, and Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material was obtained by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method;

[0006] 2) The composite material obtained in step 1) is centrifuged and washed multiple times;

[0007] 3) The composite material obtained in step 2) is dried to obtain Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material.

[0008] The above-mentioned Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is characterized in that, in step 1), the mass of anhydrous ferric chloride, tin chloride tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide are 1 g, 3 g and 6 g respectively; and the volume of water is 80 mL.

[0009] The above-mentioned Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is characterized in that, in step 1), the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180-200 ℃ and the hydrothermal time is 12-14 h.

[0010] The above-mentioned Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is characterized in that, in step 2), the centrifugation speed is 8000 rpm and the number of washing cycles is 4.

[0011] The above-mentioned Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is characterized in that, in step 3), the drying temperature is 70-90℃ and the drying time is 10-12 h.

[0012] The above-mentioned Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is used in the degradation of MB molecules in water.

[0013] The above application is carried out as follows: under xenon lamp irradiation, the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is immersed in MB solution to degrade MB molecules in water.

[0014] This invention utilizes a constructed Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material to achieve efficient adsorption and degradation of MB. The beneficial effects of this method can be attributed to two aspects:

[0015] 1. The Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterointerface constructed via a one-step hydrothermal method forms a tight electronic coupling effect, effectively promoting the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. This structural characteristic enhances its adsorption capacity for MB molecules through abundant hydroxyl sites on the surface, resulting in a 2-3 times higher degradation efficiency for MB compared to single-component materials.

[0016] 2. Compared to traditional multi-step synthesis processes, the one-step hydrothermal method used in this invention is simple to operate, operates under mild conditions, and requires no expensive equipment or complex post-processing. The iron and tin salt raw materials used are inexpensive, and no toxic byproducts are generated during the reaction process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is the XRD pattern of the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material in Example 1.

[0018] Figure 2 In Example 1, at 20 mL 1×10 -5UV absorption spectrum of Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material with 20 mg added to M MB solution.

[0019] Figure 3 In Example 1, at 20 mL 2.5 × 10 -5 UV absorption spectrum of Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material with 20 mg added to M MB solution. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided for further detailed description, but the solution is not limited thereto.

[0021] Example 1: A Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material

[0022] The preparation method is as follows:

[0023] 1) Add 1 g of anhydrous ferric chloride, 3 g of tin chloride tetrahydrate and 6 g of sodium hydroxide to 80 mL of water, then transfer the mixed solution to a high-pressure reactor and keep it at 180 °C for 12 h.

[0024] 2) Centrifuge the obtained product at 8000 rpm. Repeat the washing process 4 times;

[0025] 3) Heat at 80 ℃ for 10 hours, then dry and set aside.

[0026] XRD tests were performed on the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material prepared in step 3). The test results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the characteristic peaks of Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 can be seen, indicating the successful preparation of this heterojunction composite material.

[0027] Example 2: Application of Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material in the degradation of MB in water

[0028] The Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material prepared in Example 1 was used to degrade MB using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The test procedure was as follows: MB was degraded using 20 mL of 1×10⁻⁶ medium via ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. -5 M and 2.5×10 -5 Adding 20 mg of Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material to a MB solution and then irradiating it with a xenon lamp resulted in the degradation of MB. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material prepared in Example 1 can achieve efficient adsorption and degradation of MB in 10 minutes, with a degradation efficiency of 90%.

[0029] This invention, based on the concept of green synthesis and integrated functional design, proposes a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method to successfully construct a Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material with tight interfacial bonding. The core advantages of this method lie in its simplicity and efficiency: by precisely controlling the temperature, time, and precursor ratio of the hydrothermal reaction, uniform composite and strong interfacial coupling of two metal hydroxyl oxides at the nanoscale are achieved in a single reaction process, effectively forming a heterojunction structure. This unique structural design greatly promotes the separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, while endowing the material with abundant surface hydroxyl groups and a high specific surface area, thus integrating excellent adsorption and enrichment capabilities and catalytic degradation activity. Experimental results show that this composite material can achieve rapid adsorption and deep degradation of methylene blue (MB), a typical model pollutant in water, under normal temperature and pressure without the addition of additional oxidants or energy input, achieving a degradation rate of over 90% in a short time. The entire preparation process is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and the iron and tin sources used are inexpensive and readily available. This avoids high-temperature calcination, the use of complex template agents, or cumbersome post-processing purification steps, significantly reducing energy consumption and production costs, and laying a solid foundation for its large-scale preparation and practical engineering applications.

[0030] The successful implementation of this invention provides a novel, efficient, economical, and environmentally compatible technical solution for treating highly toxic and recalcitrant organic dye wastewater. This Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 composite material not only exhibits superior performance against MB, but its universal preparation method and tunable structural properties also indicate its enormous application potential in treating various azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and even other emerging organic pollutants. This research not only enriches the types and synthetic methodologies of environmental functional materials and deepens the understanding of the synergistic mechanism of polymetallic hydroxyl oxide heterostructures, but also provides important theoretical basis and technical support for promoting the low-consumption and high-efficiency application of advanced oxidation technologies (AOPs) in practical wastewater treatment. It has significant environmental, economic, and social benefits and a promising future.

Claims

1. A method for preparing functional materials for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Anhydrous ferric chloride, tin chloride tetrahydrate, and sodium hydroxide were dissolved in water, and Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material was obtained by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method; 2) The composite material obtained in step 1) is centrifuged and washed multiple times; 3) The composite material obtained in step 2) is dried to obtain Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material.

2. The method for preparing a functional material for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the solid-liquid ratio is 1 g: 3 g: 6 g: 80 mL for anhydrous ferric chloride: tin chloride tetrahydrate: sodium hydroxide: water.

3. The method for preparing a functional material for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the hydrothermal synthesis method involves a hydrothermal reaction temperature of 180-200 ℃ and a hydrothermal time of 12-14 h.

4. A method for preparing a functional material for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the centrifugation speed is 8000 rpm and the washing is performed 4 times.

5. A method for preparing a functional material for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the drying temperature is 70-90℃ and the drying time is 10-12 h.

6. The Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 1-5.

7. The application of the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material according to claim 6 in the degradation of methylene blue in water.

8. The application of the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material according to claim 7 in the degradation of methylene blue in water, characterized in that, The method is as follows: Under xenon lamp irradiation, the Fe(Sn(OH)6) / FeSnO(OH)5 heterojunction composite material is immersed in a methylene blue solution to degrade the methylene blue in water.

Images