Mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and shape programming machines

Abstract

This invention proposes a mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and shape programming machines, relating to the fields of space manufacturing technology and rapid on-site manufacturing technology in extreme environments. The method involves creating the geometry of a component using a shape programming mechanism, then using the restoring force of the flexible metamaterial of the shape memory alloy to force the blank to deform and conform to the shape programming machine, thus replicating the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, thereby manufacturing the component. Alternatively, the geometric information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine can be copied and stored in a flexible shape memory alloy, making the flexible shape memory alloy an intermediate template. This intermediate template is then cloned onto the blank to manufacture the component. This method solves the problem that existing manufacturing methods require specialized and complex equipment, making them difficult to apply in environments such as space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forming and manufacturing, and is applicable to rapid on-site manufacturing technology in extreme environments such as space manufacturing, deep space manufacturing, extraterrestrial manufacturing in distant spaces such as the moon, and offshore manufacturing. Specifically, it relates to a mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and shape programming machines. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional manufacturing techniques typically require specialized, complex, and heavy machinery, as well as auxiliary tools and molds. Sometimes, each component requires specific matching tools and molds. This not only results in high costs but also makes it difficult to obtain these specialized equipment, tools, and molds outside of factories. Therefore, manufacturing is difficult to perform outside of a factory environment. Sometimes, traditional manufacturing techniques even rely on Earth's gravitational and atmospheric conditions, meaning that some manufacturing methods are difficult to implement outside of Earth's environment. In extreme environments such as space, both the specialized, complex, and heavy machinery, auxiliary tools, and molds are difficult to obtain, and the necessary gravity and atmospheric conditions are lacking. Therefore, traditional manufacturing techniques are difficult to apply to manufacturing in extreme environments such as space.

[0003] While 3D printing (additive manufacturing) uses a layer-by-layer deposition method to create components, eliminating the need for intermediate molds and complex, cumbersome machinery, it is slow and requires harsh environmental conditions. This poses challenges for 3D printing in environments like space. For example, printing a 9-centimeter metal part on the International Space Station takes 40 hours and requires time-limited operation to prevent overheating and noise interference. Furthermore, 3D printing methods make it difficult to recycle materials like metals, which also presents a challenge in environments like space where raw materials are scarce. Moreover, 3D printing itself requires specialized equipment, such as lasers, 3D printers, or additive manufacturing systems. In addition, in environments such as space, zero gravity or microgravity makes it difficult to control the behavior of the molten pool. Heat dissipation and solidification are difficult in the high vacuum environment of space. Raw material particles used for additive manufacturing (3D printing) are prone to scattering in the zero gravity environment of space and the vacuum of extraterrestrial planets, making operation difficult. All of these pose serious challenges to space additive manufacturing (3D printing), especially for space additive manufacturing (3D printing) of metal material components.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new manufacturing methods to meet the demands of rapid on-site manufacturing technologies in environments such as space, deep space, and the open sea. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Traditional manufacturing and additive manufacturing (3D printing) both require specialized, complex, and bulky equipment, or specialized tools and molds, making them unsuitable for rapid on-site manufacturing in extreme environments such as space manufacturing, deep space manufacturing, extraterrestrial manufacturing on the moon or other distant planets, and offshore manufacturing. This application proposes a mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and a shape programming machine. The applied shape programming machine is a general-purpose auxiliary tool composed of a metal rod lattice and a base plate. Using a simple, small number of base plates with threaded holes and metal rods of different diameters, various geometric shapes can be programmed. Therefore, it eliminates the need for specialized equipment. By using matching molds or accumulating layers one by one, geometric shapes can be constructed. Then, by utilizing the shape memory function and actuation function of shape memory alloys, the blank is forced to deform to replicate the geometric shape of the component created by the shape programming mechanism. Alternatively, the geometric shape of the component created by the shape programming mechanism can be stored in the flexible shape memory alloy first and then cloned to the blank. Components can be manufactured without specialized, complex, and cumbersome machinery. Therefore, by using shape memory alloys and shape programming machines, various components can be cloned and manufactured, eliminating the dependence on specialized and complex machinery, as well as specialized matching tools and molds, and enabling rapid on-site manufacturing in environments such as space, deep space, and the open sea.

[0006] The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and shape programming machines involves creating the geometry of a component using a shape programming mechanism, then using the restoring force of the flexible metamaterial of the shape memory alloy to force the blank to deform and conform to the shape programming machine to replicate the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, thus manufacturing the component. Alternatively, the geometry information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine can be copied and stored in a flexible shape memory alloy, making the flexible shape memory alloy an intermediate template. The flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template then clones the stored geometry information of the component to the blank, thus manufacturing the component.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template can be achieved by using the restoring force of the flexible shape memory alloy metamaterial to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to the shape programming machine, or by using the shape programming machine to bind the flexible shape memory alloy to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy.

[0008] Furthermore, the shape programming machine consists of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate. One end of the metal rod is threaded, and the base plate has threaded holes for connecting the metal rod. By twisting the metal rod, the height of the metal rod relative to the plane of the base plate can be adjusted. The holes on the base plate are processed into a dot matrix. Different base plates have different hole diameters and hole spacings. Different base plates can be combined to form a composite base plate, allowing the positions of the holes and the metal rods on the base plate to be adjusted as needed. The shape programming machine constructs geometric shapes by using different base plates and metal rods of different diameters in combination or composite configurations to adjust the position of the metal rods on the plane of the base plate. By twisting the metal rods, the height of the metal rods relative to the plane of the base plate is adjusted, so that the discrete metal rod dot matrix forms the desired geometric shape.

[0009] Furthermore, the steps of utilizing the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to the shape programming machine to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, and then using the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template to clone the blank to manufacture the component are as follows:

[0010] Step one: Prepare the blanks and tools, including flexible shape memory alloys, shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials, blanks for the components to be formed, and metal rods and base plates for the shape programming machine;

[0011] Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, and then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component;

[0012] Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials

[0013] The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function.

[0014] Step four involves assembling the actuated shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial with a shape programming machine, a flexible shape memory alloy, and auxiliary components for heating and fastening. This prepares the flexible shape memory alloy to replicate and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy using the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial.

[0015] Step 5: Replicating and storing the geometric information of components using flexible shape memory alloys.

[0016] Heating triggers the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial in a state of compression deformation to restore its original shape and generate restoring force, forcing the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and fit into the shape programming machine. Then, the flexible shape memory alloy is subjected to shaping heat treatment, so that the flexible shape memory alloy remembers the geometry of the component created by the shape programming mechanism, thereby copying and storing the geometry information of the component in the flexible shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template body.

[0017] Step Six: Energy Storage and Actuation Processing of Flexible Shape Memory Alloys

[0018] This allows the flexible shape memory alloy to be forced to deform from its original, remembered shape into a temporary shape, thereby enabling the flexible shape memory alloy to have an actuating function and storing the energy required to form the component into the flexible shape memory alloy;

[0019] Step seven involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores the geometric information and energy of the component, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening;

[0020] Step 8: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the billet to deform. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the softened billet of the formed component assembled with it.

[0021] Furthermore, the method of using a shape programming machine to constrain the flexible shape memory alloy to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy, and then having the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template clone it to the blank to manufacture the component, involves the following steps:

[0022] Step one: Prepare the blanks and tools, including the flexible shape memory alloy, the blank for the component to be formed, and the metal rod and base plate for the shape programming machine;

[0023] Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometry of the component, and bind the flexible shape memory alloy according to the constructed geometry.

[0024] Step 3: Flexible shape memory alloy replicates and stores the geometric information of the component.

[0025] The flexible shape memory alloy, which is bound by the geometric shape constructed by the shape programming machine, is subjected to shaping heat treatment so that the flexible shape memory alloy remembers the geometric shape of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, thereby copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component in the flexible shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template body.

[0026] Step 4: Energy storage and actuation treatment using flexible shape memory alloys

[0027] The shaped flexible shape memory alloy is removed from the shape programming machine, and then forced to deform from its original shape into a temporary shape, thereby enabling the flexible shape memory alloy to have an actuation function and storing the energy required to form the component into the flexible shape memory alloy;

[0028] Step five involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores the geometric information and energy of the component, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening;

[0029] Step six: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the billet to deform. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the billet of the formed component assembled with it.

[0030] Furthermore, the steps for manufacturing the component by utilizing the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to force the blank to deform and conform to the shape programming machine to replicate the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine are as follows:

[0031] Step 1: Prepare the metal rod and base plate for the shape programming machine, assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, and then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component;

[0032] Step 2: Prepare shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials by fabricating shape memory alloys into metamaterials with curved rod lattice structures, so that they have flexibility and stretchability;

[0033] Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials

[0034] The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function.

[0035] Step 4, Assembly

[0036] The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial that stores energy is used as a flexible actuator and assembled and fixed together with the blank, shape programming machine, auxiliary assembly and fixing parts and heating device.

[0037] Step 5: Heat-triggered mechanical cloning process to obtain components.

[0038] Heating a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial restores its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the blank to deform and conform to a shape programming machine. This replicates the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, resulting in a component. One way to trigger the mechanical cloning process by heating is to heat and soften the blank, simultaneously triggering the shape restoration of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and thus the mechanical cloning process. Another way is to directly heat the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial, triggering its shape restoration and thus the mechanical cloning process. A third way is to both heat the blank and directly heat the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial, triggering its shape restoration and thus the mechanical cloning process.

[0039] Furthermore, the flexible shape memory alloy is a shape memory alloy sheet or a stretchable mesh processed from a shape memory alloy sheet. The flexible shape memory alloy can be used by layering together: multiple layers of shape memory alloy sheets are layered together or multiple layers of stretchable mesh processed from shape memory alloy sheets are layered together.

[0040] Furthermore, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is a curved rod lattice metamaterial. The curved rod lattice structure can take two forms: one is that the lattice pillars adopt a curved rod structure, and the other is that the lattice pillars adopt a spring structure.

[0041] Furthermore, in use, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is lubricated by filling the lattice pores of the curved rod with graphite paper, by placing graphite paper between the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and the metal blank, or between the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and the auxiliary assembly fixing tool, or by spraying a lubricating coating onto the surface of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial.

[0042] The method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. This method avoids the use of complex and cumbersome mechanical equipment, enabling convenient manufacturing in environments such as space, deep space, and the open ocean. The method described in this application requires only a simple, small quantity of base plates with threaded holes, metal rods of varying diameters, and shape memory alloy materials to manufacture various components. This avoids reliance on complex and cumbersome specialized equipment, tools, and molds, which is of great significance for environments such as space, deep space, and the open ocean where it is difficult to obtain complex and cumbersome machinery, tools, and molds.

[0044] 2. Enables rapid on-site manufacturing. Because the manufacturing method of this invention utilizes blanks in the form of plates, blocks, or pipes, it eliminates the need for layer-by-layer stacking and requires no complex or bulky specialized machinery, tools, or molds. Therefore, rapid on-site manufacturing can be achieved.

[0045] 3. Expands the range of manufacturable materials for extreme environments such as space manufacturing. The required raw materials are common sheets, blocks, and pipes, requiring no special treatment or preparation. It is applicable to any metal and polymer materials, requiring only simple heating and softening. No specialized equipment is needed to prepare the raw materials. It is insensitive to conditions such as gravity and vacuum, which greatly expands the range of manufacturable materials for extreme environments such as space manufacturing.

[0046] 4. Enables the recycling of materials in the space environment. Unlike 3D printing (additive manufacturing), which generally requires specialized blank materials, the method of this application can utilize space debris and discarded spacecraft as blank material sources, recycling space debris and spacecraft to manufacture components in space without the need to transport blanks from Earth or prepare blanks in situ. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate. In the diagram, 1 is a metal rod and 2 is the base plate.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of a hemispherical shape constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a hemispherical shape constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate (view from below).

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller shape constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a saddle shape constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a circular tube shape constructed by a three-dimensional shape programming machine consisting of a matrix of four metal rods and four base plates.

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a square box shape constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a matrix of metal rods of different diameters and a composite base plate;

[0054] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing how the base plate 3 and base plate 4 form a composite base plate and how the metal rod 2 is assembled with the composite base plate;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of gear shape construction using a shape programming machine composed of a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters in a transverse direction parallel to the plane of the base plate.

[0056] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A partial schematic diagram;

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly methods of metal rods of different diameters with base plate 2 and base plate 1 when geometric shapes are constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters in the transverse direction parallel to the plane of the base plate.

[0058] Figure 12 yes Figure 9 and Figure 10 A partial schematic diagram illustrates how the geometry is constructed in the transverse direction parallel to the base plate plane. That is, when the position of the hole in the base plate cannot exactly form the outline of the gear shape, metal rods of different diameters are needed to fit the required geometry to form the complex curve shape of the gear.

[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric shape of a wrench constructed by a shape programming machine consisting of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate;

[0060] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a shape memory alloy stretchable mesh;

[0061] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the shape and size of the basic unit of a shape memory alloy stretchable mesh.

[0062] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a curved rod lattice metamaterial with a curved rod as the support.

[0063] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the lattice unit cell of a curved rod lattice metamaterial with a curved rod as the support.

[0064] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a curved rod lattice metamaterial with springs as the support rod;

[0065] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the lattice unit cell of a curved rod lattice metamaterial with springs as the support rod;

[0066] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a flexible shape memory alloy being deformed by a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to copy and store the geometric shape information of a hemispherical shape constructed by a shape programming machine (initial stage);

[0067] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing how a flexible shape memory alloy is forced to deform in order to copy and store the geometric shape information of a hemispherical shape constructed by a shape programming machine (final stage).

[0068] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation method (initial stage) of a mechanical cloning method that uses shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials as actuators to force a blank to deform and replicate the shape of a shape programming machine.

[0069] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation method (final stage) of a mechanical cloning of a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial as an actuator to force the blank to deform and replicate the shape of a shape programming machine.

[0070] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation method (initial stage) in which shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials act as actuators to force the blank to deform and replicate the shape of the shape programming machine when metal rod lattices are used instead of auxiliary tools such as the housing and pressure plate. In this case, the geometry of the component and the shape of the housing and pressure plate are constructed entirely by the metal rod lattice and the base plate. Therefore, there is no need to use auxiliary tools such as housing and pressure plate, which further improves the applicability and versatility of the shape programming machine.

[0071] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of processing a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet of appropriate size into a stretchable mesh;

[0072] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stretchable mesh being deformed into a hemispherical shape and then fixed into a hemispherical shape.

[0073] Figure 27 It is a schematic diagram of a hemispherical nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stretchable mesh that has been shaped and stored with geometric information, and which can be unfolded and deformed into a temporary shape in the form of a flat plate.

[0074] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram showing a stretchable nickel-titanium alloy mesh that has been shaped into a hemispherical shape, then deformed into a temporary flat plate shape, and induced to have an actuating function, before being assembled with a blank, fixture, heating rod, etc.

[0075] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram showing a stretchable nickel-titanium alloy mesh that has been shaped into a hemispherical shape, then deformed into a temporary flat plate shape, and induced to have an actuating function, before being assembled with a blank, fixture, and heating rod.

[0076] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram showing how a nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh, after being assembled with a blank, fixture, and heating rod, is heated to trigger the return to its original shape and generates a restoring force that forces the blank to deform into a hemispherical component.

[0077] Figure 31This is a schematic diagram showing how a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet blank is deformed into a wrench shape by a shape programming machine and then bound and heat-treated to fix its shape, thus completing the storage of the geometric shape information of the component in the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy.

[0078] Figure 32 It is a schematic diagram of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that has been shaped and stored with the geometric shape information of a wrench, and then unfolds and deforms from the wrench shape into a temporary shape;

[0079] Figure 33 It is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy containing the geometric shape information and deformation energy of a wrench, a heating rod, bolts, and a stainless steel sleeve.

[0080] Figure 34 It is a schematic diagram of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that stores the geometric shape information and deformation energy of a wrench, assembled with a heating rod and other components via bolts and stainless steel sleeves.

[0081] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of the blank for forming the component;

[0082] Figure 36 A schematic diagram showing the assembly of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy storing the geometric shape information and deformation energy of a wrench, a softened blank of the component to be shaped, a heating rod, etc.

[0083] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of how heating triggers the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy to recover from a temporary shape to its original shape and transmits and replicates the geometric shape information to the softened blank to manufacture the wrench component;

[0084] Figure 38 Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet blanks are transformed into gear shapes by a shape programming machine and then bound for shaping heat treatment to solidify them into gear shapes, thus completing a schematic diagram of storing the geometric shape information of components in nickel-titanium shape memory alloy.

[0085] Figure 39 It is a schematic diagram of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that has been shaped and stored with the geometric shape information of a gear, and is deformed from the gear shape into a temporary shape.

[0086] Figure 40 It is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy containing the geometric shape information and deformation energy of the gear, along with heating rods and bolts.

[0087] Figure 41 It is a schematic diagram of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that stores the geometric shape information and deformation energy of the gear, assembled with heating rods and stainless steel sleeves, etc.

[0088] Figure 42 This is a schematic diagram of the preheated and softened blank material to be formed;

[0089] Figure 43 It is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of a softened blank for forming a component, a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that stores the geometric shape information and deformation energy of the gear, and a heating rod, etc., through bolts and stainless steel sleeves.

[0090] Figure 44 This is a schematic diagram of how heating triggers a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy to recover from a temporary shape to its original shape and transmits and replicates the geometric shape information to the softened blank to manufacture gear components.

[0091] Figure 45 This is a schematic diagram of mechanical cloning manufacturing, in which flexible shape memory alloys are used instead of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials to force the blank to deform and replicate the geometry constructed by the shape programming machine; Detailed Implementation

[0092] (1) Implementation of Shape Programming Machine

[0093] A shape programming machine consists of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate (such as...). Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, its principle is to program various geometric shapes using a simple, small number of dot matrices composed of a base plate with threaded holes and metal rods. One end of the metal rod 1 is machined into a hemispherical shape, and the other end is threaded. Threaded holes are machined on the base plate 2. The metal rod 1 and the base plate 2 are connected by threads, and the distance between the metal rod 1 and the plane of the base plate 2 is adjusted by twisting the metal rod 1.

[0094] The method of programming geometric shapes using a shape programming machine involves adjusting the height of a metal rod relative to the base plate by twisting it in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the base plate. This allows the discrete metal rod points to form the desired geometric shape, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The shape shown is a hemispherical shape constructed from a lattice of metal rods. Figure 4 The image shows the shape of an impeller constructed from a lattice of metal rods. Figure 5 The image shows a saddle shape constructed from a lattice of metal rods. When the shape is complex and difficult to construct using a single lattice of metal rods, multiple lattices of metal rods can be used to form a three-dimensional lattice, such as... Figure 6 The image shows a cylindrical shape constructed by a three-dimensional shape programming machine consisting of a matrix of four metal rods and four base plates. Figure 6 In the diagram, 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the metal rod lattice, while 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent the base plate. When the local curved surface of the geometry is a small curved surface, metal rods of different diameters are needed to fit the local small curved surface, for example... Figure 7The diagram shows a box shape constructed by a shape programming machine using a matrix of metal rods of different diameters and a composite base plate. On the flat bottom of the box, a matrix of metal rods 1 with larger diameters forms a plane. At the transition between the bottom and the walls of the box, a matrix of metal rods 2 with smaller diameters forms a curved surface. Metal rods 1 and the base plate 3 are connected and fixed via threads on metal rods 1 and threaded holes on the base plate 3. Similarly, metal rods 2 and the base plate 4 are connected and fixed via threads on metal rods 2 and threaded holes on the base plate 4. Furthermore, by twisting the metal rods 2, different heights relative to the base plate 4 are created, forming curved surfaces (such as…). Figure 8 (As shown), then the base plate 4 is installed onto the base plate 3 via the metal rod 5 at its bottom (as shown). Figure 8 (As shown).

[0095] In addition to the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the base plate, twisting the metal rod creates different distances relative to the base plate, forming various geometric shapes (such as...). Figures 2-7 As shown), in the transverse direction parallel to the plane of the base plate, the shape is also constructed by a shape programming machine composed of a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters. Figure 9 Taking a gear shape as an example, this diagram illustrates the geometric shape construction in the transverse direction parallel to the base plate plane using a shape programming machine composed of a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters. The composite base plate is composed of multiple base plates with different hole diameters and hole spacings in the hole lattice. The different hole diameters and hole spacings on the base plates allow for finer division of the base plate plane position. For example, in... Figure 9 The two base plates shown have different hole sizes. Base plate 1 has larger hole diameters and spacing, representing a coarse-grained division of the base plate plane. Base plate 2, on the other hand, has smaller hole diameters and spacing, allowing for a finer-grained division of the base plate plane. Furthermore, by using metal rods of different diameters, the area and approximate position of the metal rods on the base plate can be further refined. Figure 10 As shown, the shape of the gear 4 is constructed by inserting metal rods 3 of different diameters into the base plate 2, and then assembling and fixing the base plate 2 onto the base plate 1. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly methods of the metal rods of different diameters with base plate 2 and base plate 1, as well as the assembly methods of base plate 2 with base plate 1, during shape construction in a transverse direction parallel to the plane of the base plate using a shape programming machine composed of a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters. Furthermore, from... Figure 11 It can also be seen that the aperture and spacing of the hole lattice on the base plate 2 are relatively small. Therefore, the area where the base plate 1 is connected to the base plate 2 can be divided into "fine-grained" segments. By combining this with the use of metal rods of different diameters, the area that the metal rods can divide on the base plate and the approximate position can be further refined. Figure 12 yes Figure 9 and Figure 10The partial schematic diagram illustrates how the geometry is constructed in the transverse direction parallel to the plane of the base plate. That is, the aperture and spacing of the hole lattice on the base plate 2 are relatively small. Therefore, the plane of the base plate can be divided into "fine-grained" segments. By combining this with the use of metal rods of different diameters, the area that the metal rods can divide on the base plate and the approximate position can be further refined, thereby forming the complex curve shape of the gear. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of how the geometry of the wrench 3 is created by a shape programming mechanism consisting of a metal rod dot matrix 2 and a base plate 1.

[0096] (2) Implementation methods for flexible shape memory alloys

[0097] For shape memory alloys, the recoverable strain generally does not exceed 10%. Therefore, the deformation amount cannot exceed the recoverable strain; otherwise, irreversible plastic deformation will occur, making it difficult to return to the original shape. Furthermore, since the billet thickness is related to the formable bending radius, the thicker the sheet, the smaller the formable bending radius. In practical applications, shape memory alloys can use "flexible" billets—sheets—where the width and length are much greater than the thickness. Therefore, compared to block or bar billets, sheets are more "flexible," ensuring that the shape memory alloy has sufficient deformation capacity while its deformation amount does not exceed the recoverable strain.

[0098] Another "flexible" form of shape memory alloy billet involves processing shape memory alloy sheets into a stretchable mesh. Compared to a continuous sheet, the mesh structure allows for greater deformation. One form of this stretchable mesh and its dimensions are shown below. Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown.

[0099] Flexible shape memory alloy blanks in the form of sheet metal or stretchable mesh made from sheet metal can be used as carriers for storing geometric shape information. They can produce a large amount of deformation, thus storing the geometric shape information of complex 3D components and forming complex 3D components.

[0100] Flexible shape memory alloys can be made from commonly used nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, or from high-temperature shape memory alloys, i.e., shape memory alloys with phase transformation temperatures much higher than those of commonly used nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, such as Ti-Ni-Pd and Ti-Ni-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys. High-temperature shape memory alloys have good temperature resistance.

[0101] (3) Implementation methods for realizing shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials

[0102] Lattice metamaterials inherently possess flexibility and large deformation capacity. However, in order to make the deformation more uniform, avoid stress and strain concentration, and ensure that the deformation of the shape memory alloy itself does not exceed its recoverable strain, curved rod lattice metamaterials are used. That is, the unit cells of the lattice metamaterial are composed of curved rods, which enables the curved rod lattice metamaterial to have flexibility, extensibility, and large deformation capacity to adapt to the needs of complex shape forming.

[0103] The design of lattice unit cell structures and parameters for lattice metamaterials aims to enable significant shape changes while keeping the deformation within the recoverable range of shape memory alloys. Therefore, there are two types of lattice unit cells for lattice metamaterials, both employing curved rod forms. One type uses curved rods as the lattice supports (e.g.,...). Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown), instead of the usual straight-bar truss structure, its deformation is dominated by the elongation and compression deformation of the curved rods. This allows the lattice metamaterial to have both large contraction and expansion deformations, while the strain of the shape memory alloy material itself is relatively small, controlled within the recoverable deformation range of the shape memory alloy material itself; another type is a structure that uses a spring-like structure as the lattice support (such as...). Figure 18 , Figure 19 As shown, the spring-like structure also allows the curved rod lattice metamaterial to have both large contraction and expansion deformations, while the strain of the shape memory alloy itself is relatively small, controlled within the range of recoverable deformation of the shape memory alloy.

[0104] Curved rod lattice metamaterials can be made from commonly used nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, or from high-temperature shape memory alloys, i.e., shape memory alloys with phase transformation temperatures much higher than those of commonly used nickel-titanium shape memory alloys, such as Ti-Ni-Pd and Ti-Ni-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys. High-temperature shape memory alloys have good temperature resistance.

[0105] (4) The shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial is actuated to become an actuator. The implementation method is as follows:

[0106] First, shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterials are fabricated;

[0107] Secondly, the prepared shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to set its shape, set its phase transition temperature, and enable it to have shape memory function.

[0108] Then, the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial with a pre-defined shape and shape memory function is compressed and deformed to a temporary shape, storing energy and enabling it to have an actuation function.

[0109] (5) Implementation method for preparing shape memory alloy curved bar lattice metamaterials:

[0110] Depending on the requirements, select appropriate shape memory alloy raw materials or blanks, such as suitable shape memory alloy material composition. Then, according to the structural parameters of the unit cell of the designed shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial, use methods such as laser cutting, electrical discharge wire cutting, or 3D printing (additive manufacturing) to prepare curved rod lattice unit cells or curved rod lattice unit cells of shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterials with different structural parameters. Then, weld them together with laser welding to form curved rod lattice metamaterials; or directly use 3D printing (additive manufacturing) to prepare integral shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterials.

[0111] (6) The shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial is transformed into an actuator by shaping heat treatment and deformation energy storage. The implementation method and process of shaping heat treatment are as follows:

[0112] When using single-pass shape memory alloys, the shaping heat treatment process is as follows:

[0113] When shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterials are directly fabricated into a predetermined shape, they are constrained and subjected to a shaping heat treatment to solidify their shape and enable them to possess single-pass shape memory functionality. The shaping heat treatment temperature is set between 400°C and 500°C, and the holding time is 30 to 60 minutes. For ease of operation, the phase transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy is adjusted to be higher than that of the operating environment through the shaping heat treatment specifications. In this way, under the operating environment, the shape memory alloy is in the low-temperature martensitic phase, which is easy to deform and easy to trigger its transformation to the high-temperature austenitic phase by heating, thus restoring its original shape.

[0114] When using two-way shape memory alloys, the shaping heat treatment process is as follows:

[0115] First, a shaping heat treatment is performed to remember the original shape of the high-temperature austenite phase:

[0116] When the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial is directly prepared into a set shape, it is constrained and subjected to shaping heat treatment to fix its shape and give it a single-pass shape memory function.

[0117] Secondly, a temporary shape for the low-temperature martensitic phase is established using a thermo-mechanical training method with constant deformation cyclic training under constrained conditions:

[0118] A shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial, whose original shape is fixed and memorized in the high-temperature austenitic phase, is cooled to transform into a low-temperature martensitic phase and deformed into a temporary shape. Under constrained conditions, it undergoes thermomechanical treatment training involving heating and cooling: (a) The shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial, whose original shape is fixed to the set geometry, is fixed and heated above the high-temperature austenitic phase transformation temperature to transform it into a high-temperature austenitic phase; (b) The shape memory alloy in the high-temperature austenitic phase is loaded to deform it into the desired temporary shape; (c) The deformation is maintained... (c) Keep the load constant and decrease the temperature of the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial until the load applied to the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial no longer decreases; (d) Keep the deformation load constant and increase the temperature of the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial until the load applied to the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial no longer increases; (e) Repeat steps (c) and (d) until the loading force no longer changes, until the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial can not only remember the original set shape of the parent phase high-temperature austenite, but also remember the temporary shape of the low-temperature martensite phase, forming a two-way shape memory function.

[0119] (7) Implementation method of using shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial as actuator to force flexible shape memory alloy to deform in order to copy and store geometric shape information

[0120] Figure 20 and Figure 21 This paper describes an implementation method that uses a flexible shape memory alloy metamaterial as an actuator to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform in order to copy and store the geometric shape information of a hemisphere constructed by a shape programming machine.

[0121] A shape programming machine, consisting of a metal rod matrix 1 and a base plate 2, constructs a hemispherical shape. A lower pressure plate 4 is installed at the top of the lower housing 3, and a pad 5 and a washer 6 are placed on the lower pressure plate 4. Then, a shape memory alloy sheet or a shape memory alloy stretchable mesh 7 is placed on the lower housing 3, the lower pressure plate 4, and the pad 5. Next, a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 8 in a compressed state is placed on the shape memory alloy sheet or the shape memory alloy stretchable mesh 7. Then, an upper pressure plate 9 is installed at the end of the upper housing 10, and the assembled and fixed upper pressure plate 9 and the upper housing 10 are placed on the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 8 and the shape memory alloy sheet or the shape memory alloy stretchable mesh 7 in a compressed state. Finally, bolts 11 are passed through the holes on the upper pressure plate 9 and the lower pressure plate 4, thereby assembling and fixing the upper housing 10 and the lower housing 3 together with bolts 11.

[0122] After assembly, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 8, which is in a compressed state, is heated to restore its original shape and expand outward. Because the shape memory alloy sheet or stretchable mesh 7 blocks the expansion of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 8, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 8 will generate a restoring force acting on the shape memory alloy sheet or stretchable mesh 7, forcing it to deform and ultimately conform to the hemispherical surface created by the shape programming mechanism (e.g., Figure 21 (As shown). Then heating continues to shape the shape memory alloy sheet or shape memory alloy stretchable mesh 7, thereby replicating and storing the geometric shape information of the hemispherical shape constructed by the shape programming machine (e.g., Figure 21 (As shown).

[0123] (8) Implementation method of mechanical cloning by using the restoring force of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to force the billet to deform and conform to the shape programming machine.

[0124] By utilizing the restoring force of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials to force the blank to deform and conform to a shape programming machine, the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine is replicated, thus manufacturing the component. In the initial stage of implementation, the various parts are assembled together (e.g., Figure 22 (As shown). By adjusting the displacement of the metal rod 5 relative to the base plate 14, the shape programming mechanism formed by the metal rod lattice 5 and the base plate 14 creates a hemispherical shape. Place the pad 3 on the support plate 7, fix the support plate 7 to the lower container 6, and align the pad 3 with the end of the lower container 6. Then, insert the heater 8 into the support plate 7, and then cover the lower container 6, support plate 7, and pad 3 with the blank 4. Place the compressed shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 2, which stores energy and has an actuation function, into the upper container 1. Then, align and close the assembly consisting of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 2 and the upper container 1 with the assembly consisting of the blank 4, support plate 7, heater 8, and lower container 6. The pressure plate 13 is fixed to the upper housing frame 1. Then, the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial 10, which acts as a pressing edge, is placed between the support plate 7, the pressure plate 13, and the support plate 11. The pressure plate 13 presses the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial 10 and the blank 4 into close contact with the pad 3 and the support plate 7. Then, the heater 12 is inserted into the pressure plate 13. Finally, the upper housing frame 1 and the lower housing frame 6 are assembled and fixed together using the support plate 7, the pressure plate 13, the support plate 11, and the bolts 9.

[0125] In the embodiments given above, the pressure plate 13 and the upper housing frame 1, and the tray 7 and the lower housing frame 6 are assembled separately. This is done for two reasons: first, to facilitate portability during transport; and second, because separate assembly structures offer better versatility. A single-piece structure is generally only suitable for forming components of a specific size and shape. When the size or structure changes, the housing frame also changes, rendering the single-piece structure unsuitable. If there is sufficient space for transport, the pressure plate 13 and the upper housing frame 1 can be manufactured as a single piece, and the tray 7 and the lower housing frame 6 can be manufactured as a single piece. Otherwise, a separate assembly structure can be used. Similarly, the upper housing frame 1 and the lower housing frame 6 can be either a single piece or a separate assembly structure.

[0126] During assembly, graphite paper is filled into the pores of the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial to reduce friction; graphite paper is placed between the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial and the upper frame and blank to reduce friction.

[0127] Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process.

[0128] After assembly, heating is performed to soften the slab blank and trigger the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial to recover its original shape from a state of compression deformation (e.g., Figure 23 (As shown). Heaters 8 and 12 are energized and heat the slab blank 4, softening it. Simultaneously, the heat is transferred through the slab blank 4 and the upper frame 1 to the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial 2, which is in a state of compressive deformation and storing energy. This causes the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial 2 to recover its original shape from the state of compressive deformation, generating a restoring force. Similarly, the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial 10, in a state of compressive deformation, will recover its original shape after being heated by the heat generated by heaters 8 and 12, generating a restoring force that acts on the edge portion of the slab blank 4, producing an edge-pressing force on the slab blank 4. The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 2 recovers its original shape from the compressed deformation state, undergoing expansion deformation. The resulting restoring force forces the softened sheet metal 4 to deform. The sheet metal 4 deforms along with the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 2, actively adapting to the surface of the hemispherical shape created by the shape programming mechanism. Ultimately, it completely conforms to the surface of the hemispherical shape created by the shape programming mechanism, thus mechanically cloning the geometry of the hemispherical shape created by the shape programming mechanism onto the softened sheet metal 4, deforming the sheet metal 4 into component 15 (e.g., Figure 23 (As shown).

[0129] For shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials, in addition to heat conduction through heating the slab blank, another method to trigger the restoration of the original shape upon heating is to insulate the surface of a flexible heating wire and directly wind it onto the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial. Heating the heating wire directly transfers heat to the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial, resulting in a faster heating rate. A third method involves heating both the slab blank and the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial simultaneously, triggering shape restoration and a mechanical cloning process. This softens the slab blank and accelerates the heating rate of the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial, thus speeding up the shape restoration process.

[0130] and Figure 22 and Figure 23 Compared to the previous implementation method, the mechanical cloning method, which uses shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterials as actuators to generate restoring force that forces the blank to deform and conform to the shape programming machine, eliminates the need for auxiliary tools such as housings and pressure plates. Instead, the metal rod lattice of the shape programming machine is used to construct the housing and pressure plates. Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation method (initial stage) where, when a metal rod lattice replaces auxiliary tools such as the housing and pressure plate, the shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial acts as an actuator to generate restoring force, forcing the blank to deform and conform to the shape programming machine. In this case, the geometry of the component and the shapes of the housing and pressure plate are constructed entirely by the metal rod lattice and the base plate. Therefore, auxiliary tools such as housings and pressure plates are not required, further improving the applicability and versatility of the shape programming machine. This further simplifies the forming and manufacturing process.

[0131] The specific implementation methods and steps of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0132] Example 1

[0133] This example demonstrates the implementation of mechanical cloning manufacturing of hemispherical components based on shape memory alloys and shape programming machines. The method involves first using the restoring force of the flexible shape memory alloy metamaterial to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to the shape programming machine, thereby copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, making the flexible shape memory alloy an intermediate template. Then, the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template is cloned to the blank to manufacture the component.

[0134] Step 1: Prepare the blank and tools, flexible shape memory alloy (such as...) Figure 14 and Figure 15 (As shown) It uses a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, cut from a 1.0mm thick nickel-titanium alloy sheet (as shown). Figure 25As shown), to strengthen the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stretchable mesh, in this example, six 1.0 mm thick nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stretchable mesh layers are stacked together, with 0.1 mm thick graphite paper placed between each layer for lubrication; the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial also uses nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, and its form is a curved rod lattice metamaterial (such as...). Figure 16 and Figure 17 (as shown); the blank used for forming the component is an aluminum plate with a thickness of 1.0 mm; the metal rod and base plate used for the shape programming machine are made of stainless steel and 45 steel respectively (as shown). Figure 1 (As shown).

[0135] Step two, assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), then the geometry of the component is created using a shape programming mechanism (e.g., Figure 2 and Figure 3 (as shown);

[0136] Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials

[0137] The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function.

[0138] Step four involves assembling the brake-treated shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial with a shape programming machine, the flexible shape memory alloy, and auxiliary components for heating and fastening (such as...). Figure 20 As shown, this is a preparation for using the restoring force of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy.

[0139] Step 5: Replicating and storing the geometric information of components using flexible shape memory alloys.

[0140] Heating triggers the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial in a compressed deformation state to recover its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to the shape programming machine. Then, the flexible shape memory alloy undergoes a shaping heat treatment, copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy stretchable mesh intermediate template (such as...). Figure 21 As shown), this enables the stretchable mesh of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (such as...). Figure 25 (as shown) transforms into a hemispherical shape (such as) Figure 26 (As shown).

[0141] Step Six: Energy Storage and Actuation Processing of Flexible Shape Memory Alloys

[0142] When nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh is shaped into a hemispherical shape (such as...) Figure 26 As shown), it is deformed into a temporary flat plate shape (such as...). Figure 27 As shown in the figure, after inducing it to have actuation function, it is ready to be assembled.

[0143] Step seven involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores geometric information and energy, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening. Figure 28 and Figure 29 The assembly process is explained: a nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh 1, deformed into a temporary flat plate shape, is placed on a lower clamping plate 2. The lower clamping plate 2 has eight bolt holes along its edge, through which eight bolts 3 pass. A blank 4 is placed on the nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh 1, and an upper clamping plate 5 is placed on top of the blank 4 (e.g., ...). Figure 28 (As shown). Then, the upper clamping plate 5 falls down, so that the bolt 3 also passes through the bolt hole on the upper clamping plate 5. Thus, the nut 6 and the bolt 3 tighten and fix the upper clamping plate 5, the blank 4, the nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh 1 deformed into a temporary flat plate shape, and the lower clamping plate 2 together. Then, the heating rod 7 is inserted into the hole on the side of the upper clamping plate 5 (as shown). Figure 29 (As shown).

[0144] Step 8: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating restoring force. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the blank of the component to be formed and assembled with it.

[0145] After assembly, an electric current is passed through the heating rod 7 to heat and soften the blank 4, triggering the nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh 1 to return to its original shape. Under the restoring force of the shape memory alloy, the softened blank 4 deforms into a hemispherical component 8 (e.g., Figure 30 (As shown).

[0146] Example 2

[0147] This embodiment provides a specific implementation method and steps for the mechanical cloning forming method of wrench-type components. The method involves using a shape programming machine to bind a flexible shape memory alloy, copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy, and then using the flexible shape memory alloy as an intermediary template to clone the blank to manufacture the component.

[0148] The specific implementation methods and steps are as follows:

[0149] Step 1: Prepare the blank and tools

[0150] In this embodiment, a single 1.0mm thick nickel-titanium alloy sheet is used to provide sufficient forming force. The blank material for the formed component is 10mm thick polypropylene (PP) plastic. The metal rod and base plate used for the shape programming machine are made of stainless steel and 45 steel, respectively (e.g., Figure 13 (As shown).

[0151] Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometry of the component, and bind the flexible shape memory alloy according to the constructed geometry;

[0152] A flexible shape memory alloy (nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet) is constrained using a shape programming machine to construct a wrench shape (e.g., ...). Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet blank is transformed into a wrench shape.

[0153] Step 3: Flexible shape memory alloy replicates and stores the geometric information of the component.

[0154] Then, the flexible shape memory alloy, constrained by the shape programming machine, undergoes a shaping heat treatment to "shape" the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy into a wrench shape (e.g., Figure 31 As shown in the figure, the geometric information of the "wrench shape" is stored in a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template.

[0155] Step 4: Energy storage and actuation treatment using flexible shape memory alloys

[0156] The actuation function is induced by deforming a pre-shaped nickel-titanium shape memory alloy into a temporary shape. To do this, firstly, a pre-shaped nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wrench (such as...) with its geometric information stored is... Figure 31 As shown), when placed at room temperature, it transforms into a low-temperature martensite phase. Then, an external force is applied, causing a collective shear reorientation of the lattice points of the low-temperature martensite phase, resulting in a change in the "shaped" wrench shape, transforming it into a temporary shape (as shown). Figure 32 As shown), this unfolding deformation process serves two purposes: first, it stores the energy required to form the component within the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, giving it an "actuating" function, thus combining the functions of an intermediate template and an actuator; second, it prepares for assembly with the blank of the component to be formed. In this example, the blank of the component to be formed is a 10mm thick polypropylene (PP) plastic block. Therefore, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, shaped like a wrench, needs to be unfolded and deformed into a temporary shape with a wider internal space (such as...). Figure 32 (as shown), so that the two can be assembled together.

[0157] Step five involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores geometric information and energy, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening;

[0158] In order to heat the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and trigger its phase transition to recover from a temporary shape to its original shape, the tail of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wrench 1 has a connector structure (such as...). Figure 33 As shown), the heating rod 2 is inserted into the stainless steel sleeve 3, and the end connector of the stainless steel sleeve 3 is connected to the connector structure at the tail of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wrench (as shown). Figure 34 As shown), and fixed with bolt 4 (as shown). Figure 34 (As shown), this allows the heat from the heating rod after it is powered on to be transferred to the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy.

[0159] In this example, since the blank material of the formed component is a 10mm thick PP plastic block, which is thick and the polymer itself has relatively slow thermal conductivity, the PP plastic sheet is heated to a molten and softened state before it is assembled with the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that stores information and energy, heating rod, etc.

[0160] Therefore, the assembly process in this example is as follows:

[0161] First, the blank material to be formed—a 10mm thick PP plastic sheet—is heated and softened until it reaches a molten state (e.g., Figure 35 (As shown).

[0162] Then, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy 1, which was initially shaped into a wrench and then unfolded into a temporary shape, is assembled and fixed together with the heating rod 2 and the stainless steel sleeve 3 using bolts 4 through the connector structure at the tail (as shown). Figure 33 and Figure 34 (As shown).

[0163] Finally, the blank of the component to be formed—the molten PP plastic sheet—is placed within the temporary shape formed after the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wrench is unfolded (e.g., Figure 36 (As shown).

[0164] Step six: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating restoring force. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the softened blank of the component to be formed, which is assembled with it.

[0165] When the heating rod is energized, it heats the alloy, triggering a phase transition in the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, causing it to begin recovering its original geometry from a temporary shape (restoring stored geometric information). Figure 37As shown), the stored energy is released. As the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gradually recovers its shape, it comes into contact with the blank of the component being formed—the molten PP plastic sheet. The softened blank is then pulled along and deforms along with it. Ultimately, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy transfers and replicates the stored geometric information to the softened blank (e.g., ...). Figure 37 As shown in the figure, the mechanical cloning process is completed.

[0166] Example 3

[0167] This embodiment provides a specific implementation method and steps for using a mechanical cloning forming method for gear-like components. The method involves using a shape programming machine to bind a flexible shape memory alloy, copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy, and then using the flexible shape memory alloy as an intermediary template to clone the blank to manufacture the component.

[0168] The specific implementation methods and steps are as follows:

[0169] Step 1: Prepare the blank and tools

[0170] In this embodiment, a single 1.0mm thick nickel-titanium alloy sheet is used to provide sufficient forming force. The blank material for the formed component is 10mm thick PP plastic. The metal rod and base plate used for the shape programming machine are respectively machined from stainless steel and 45 steel (e.g., Figure 9 (As shown).

[0171] Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component, and bind the flexible shape memory alloy according to the constructed geometric shape;

[0172] A shape programming mechanism using a composite base plate and metal rods of different diameters creates the shape of a wrench (e.g., Figure 9 As shown), the flexible nickel-titanium shape memory alloy sheet blank is bound and deformed into a gear shape (as shown). Figure 9 (As shown).

[0173] Step 3: Flexible shape memory alloy replicates and stores the geometric information of the component.

[0174] Then, a shaping heat treatment is performed to transform the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy into a high-temperature austenitic phase, thereby "shaping" the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, which has the function of storing geometric information (i.e., having the function of "remembering" geometry), into a gear shape (such as...). Figure 38 As shown in the figure, the geometric information of the "gear shape" is stored in a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template.

[0175] Step 4: Energy storage and actuation treatment using flexible shape memory alloys

[0176] The actuation function is induced by deforming a pre-shaped nickel-titanium shape memory alloy into a temporary shape. To do this, firstly, a pre-shaped nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gear (such as...) with its geometric information stored is... Figure 38 As shown), when placed at room temperature, it transforms into a low-temperature martensitic phase. Then, an external force is applied, causing a collective shear reorientation of the lattice points in the low-temperature martensitic phase, resulting in a change in the shape of the "shaped" gear (as shown). Figure 39 As shown), this unfolding deformation process serves two purposes: first, it stores the energy required for forming the component within the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, giving it an "actuating" function, making it an actuator that combines the functions of an intermediate template and an actuator; second, it prepares for assembly with the blank of the component to be formed. In this example, the blank of the component to be formed is a 10mm thick PP plastic sheet round block. Therefore, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, shaped into a gear, needs to be unfolded into a temporary shape with a wider internal space (such as...). Figure 39 (as shown), so that the two can be assembled together.

[0177] Step five involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores geometric information and energy, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening;

[0178] To heat the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and trigger its phase transformation, restoring it from a temporary shape to its original shape, the tail of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gear 1 has a joint structure (such as...). Figure 40 As shown), the heating rod 2 is inserted into the stainless steel sleeve 3. The stainless steel sleeve 3 is connected to the connector structure at the tail of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gear through its end connector structure and is fixed with bolts 4 (as shown). Figure 40 and Figure 41 As shown), this allows the heat from the heating rod after it is energized to be transferred to the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (such as...). Figure 41 (As shown).

[0179] In this example, since the blank material of the part being formed is a 10mm thick PP plastic sheet, which is thick and the polymer itself has relatively slow thermal conductivity, the PP plastic sheet is heated to a molten and softened state before being assembled with the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that stores information and energy, heating rod, etc.

[0180] Therefore, the assembly process in this embodiment is as follows:

[0181] First, the blank material for the part to be formed—a 10mm thick PP plastic sheet—is heated and softened until it reaches a molten state (e.g., Figure 42 (As shown).

[0182] Then, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy 1, which has been shaped and then unfolded into a temporary shape, is fixed together with the heating rod 2 and the stainless steel sleeve 3 by bolts 4 through the connector structure at the tail (as shown). Figure 40 and 41 (As shown).

[0183] Finally, the blank of the part to be formed—the molten PP plastic sheet—is placed within the temporary shape formed after the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gear is unfolded (e.g., Figure 43 (As shown).

[0184] Step six: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating restoring force. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the softened blank of the component to be formed, which is assembled with it.

[0185] When the heating rod is energized, heating is applied, triggering a phase transition in the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. This causes it to begin recovering its original geometry from a temporary shape (restoring stored geometric information) and releasing stored energy. As the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy gradually recovers its original, fixed shape, it comes into contact with the blank of the component being formed—a molten PP plastic sheet. The softened blank is then pulled along and deforms along with it. Ultimately, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy transfers and replicates its stored geometric information to the softened blank (e.g., molten PP plastic sheet). Figure 44 As shown in the figure, the mechanical cloning process is completed.

[0186] Example 4

[0187] This embodiment is a mechanical cloning using shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial as an actuator. It utilizes the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to force the blank to deform and fit into the shape programming machine to replicate the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, thereby manufacturing the component.

[0188] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0189] Step 1: Prepare the metal rod and base plate for the shape programming machine, assemble the metal rod and base plate into the shape programming machine, and then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component;

[0190] The metal rod and base plate used in the shape programming machine are made of stainless steel and 45 steel, respectively (e.g.) Figure 1 (As shown). The metal rod and base plate are assembled into a shape programming machine, which then uses the shape programming mechanism to create the geometry of the hemispherical component (e.g., ...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 (As shown).

[0191] Step 2: Prepare shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials by fabricating shape memory alloys into metamaterials with curved rod lattice structures, so that they have flexibility and stretchability;

[0192] The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial uses a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, and its form is a curved rod lattice metamaterial (such as...). Figure 16 and Figure 17 (As shown).

[0193] Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials

[0194] The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function.

[0195] Step four, assembly: The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial storing energy is assembled and fixed together with the blank, shape programming machine, auxiliary assembly and fixing components, and heating device as a flexible actuator.

[0196] Its implementation method is similar to that shown in 22 (see implementation method (7) where shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is used as an actuator to force flexible shape memory alloy to deform in order to copy and store geometric information), the only difference being that, Figure 22 The illustration shows a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial generating a restoring force that forces the flexible shape memory alloy to deform. In this embodiment, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial generates a restoring force that forces the blank 4 to deform. The blank 4 is a 1.0mm thick aluminum alloy sheet. The auxiliary assembly and fixing components, the housing frame 1 and housing frame 6, can be made of materials such as 45 steel, stainless steel, and titanium alloy. Preferably, stainless steel and titanium alloy are chosen because they have low thermal conductivity, which helps retain heat and prevents heat loss from the blank and the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial when heated. For situations with weight requirements, such as carrying it to space, titanium alloy can be preferred because it has low thermal conductivity and low density. For situations with space constraints, such as carrying it to space using a space-constrained spacecraft, the housing frame 1 and housing frame 6 can adopt a detachable and modular assembly structure. For example, each surface of the housing frame can be machined separately and fixed together with bolts during use. When not in use, it can be disassembled into individual plates, thereby saving space and facilitating transport. The metal rods used to construct geometric shapes in the shape programming machine can be made of materials such as 45 steel, stainless steel, or titanium alloy. Preferably, titanium alloy, such as TC4 titanium alloy, is chosen because it has low density, high strength, and high temperature resistance, thus reducing weight, which is crucial for carrying it to extreme environments such as distant space. Similarly, the base plate of the shape programming machine is preferably made of titanium alloy, such as TC4 titanium alloy.

[0197] The inner walls of frames 1 and 6 are covered with 0.1 mm thick graphite paper. This reduces the friction between the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi) shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial and the metal frame during shape recovery. To avoid friction between the supports of the NiTi shape memory alloy curved rod lattice metamaterial itself, the pores of the NiTi shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial are also filled with 0.1 mm thick graphite paper. The surface of the slab is also covered with 0.1 mm thick graphite paper to reduce the friction between the slab and the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial. To prevent the graphite paper from being scratched and torn, multiple layers of 0.1 mm thick graphite paper can be used.

[0198] After storing energy in the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial through deformation in advance, it is assembled in a similar manner and process. Figure 22 As shown (see Embodiment (7), which uses a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial as an actuator to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform in order to replicate and store geometric information), the only difference is that... Figure 22 The diagram shows a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial generating a restoring force that forces the flexible shape memory alloy to deform. In this embodiment, the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial generates a restoring force that forces the billet 4 to deform.

[0199] Step 5: Heat-triggered mechanical cloning process to obtain components.

[0200] After assembly, heating softens the blank and triggers the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to recover from its compressive deformation state to its original shape, thereby causing expansion deformation and generating restoring force (e.g., Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown), this forces the softened slab blank 4 to deform, actively adapting to the hemispherical surface constructed by the shape programming machine, ultimately achieving a complete fit, thereby mechanically cloning the hemispherical geometry to the softened blank 4, deforming the slab blank 4 into a hemispherical component 15 (as shown). Figure 23 (As shown).

[0201] Example 5

[0202] Example 5 uses flexible shape memory alloys instead of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials to force the blank to deform in order to replicate the geometry constructed by the shape programming machine, and uses the shape programming machine to replace auxiliary tools such as the container frame (e.g. Figure 45As shown, the metal rod lattice 1 in the middle of the base plate 1 forms a hemispherical shape, while the metal rod lattice 5 on the edge of the base plate 1 forms a platform, which acts as a support plate to support the edge of the blank 8 and withstand the edge-pressing force generated by the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 7. The metal rod lattice 4 on the base plate 2 forms a configuration that acts as a frame and pressure plate, creating a space in which the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial 7, which acts as the edge-pressing material, is placed. Bolts 6 connect and assemble the base plate 1 and the base plate 2. Figure 45 The implementation methods shown are the same as Figure 24 The difference in the implementation shown is that, Figure 45 The shape memory alloy 9 used in the illustrated embodiment to force the blank 8 to deform in order to replicate the hemispherical shape constructed by the shape programming machine is not... Figure 22 and Figure 23 The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial shown is in a compressed state, but it is according to... Figure 20 and Figure 21 The method involves first storing the geometric shape information of the component and then deforming it into a flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template body (a flat plate). Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 The nickel-titanium alloy stretchable mesh shown in this embodiment has the advantage of forcing the blank 8 to deform and conform to the shape programming machine by the restoring force generated by the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template body 9 to replicate the hemispherical shape constructed by the shape programming machine, which can improve the forming accuracy of the component because the flexible shape memory alloy template body 9 forces the blank 8 to conform to the rigid surface of the hemispherical shape constructed by the rigid metal rod lattice.

[0203] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it provides only a few typical examples and specific embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloys and a shape programming machine, characterized in that, The geometry of the component is created by a shape programming mechanism. Then, the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is used to force the blank to deform and fit into the shape programming machine to replicate the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, thus manufacturing the component. Alternatively, the geometry information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine can be copied and stored in the flexible shape memory alloy, making the flexible shape memory alloy an intermediate template. Then, the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template clones the stored geometry information of the component to the blank, thus manufacturing the component.

2. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of copying and storing the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template can be achieved by using the restoring force of the flexible shape memory alloy metamaterial to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to the shape programming machine, or by using the shape programming machine to bind the flexible shape memory alloy to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy.

3. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape programming machine consists of a metal rod dot matrix and a base plate. One end of the metal rod is threaded, and the base plate has threaded holes for connecting the metal rod. By twisting the metal rod, the height of the metal rod relative to the base plate plane can be adjusted. The holes on the base plate are processed into a dot matrix pattern. Different base plates have different hole diameters and hole spacings. Different base plates can be combined to form a composite base plate, allowing the positions of the holes and the metal rods on the base plate to be adjusted as needed. The shape programming machine constructs geometric shapes by using different base plates and metal rods of different diameters in combination or composite configurations to adjust the position of the metal rods on the base plate plane. By twisting the metal rods, the height of the metal rods relative to the base plate plane is adjusted, causing the discrete metal rod dot matrix to form the desired geometric shape.

4. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The steps of the method described above, which utilize the restoring force of a flexible shape memory alloy metamaterial to force the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and conform to a shape programming machine to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine, and then clone the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template to the blank to manufacture the component, are as follows: Step one: Prepare the blanks and tools, including flexible shape memory alloys, shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials, blanks for the components to be formed, and metal rods and base plates for the shape programming machine; Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, and then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component; Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function. Step four involves assembling the actuated shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial with a shape programming machine, a flexible shape memory alloy, and auxiliary components for heating and fastening. This prepares the flexible shape memory alloy to replicate and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy using the restoring force of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial. Step 5: Replicating and storing the geometric information of components using flexible shape memory alloys. Heating triggers the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial in a state of compression deformation to restore its original shape and generate restoring force, forcing the flexible shape memory alloy to deform and fit into the shape programming machine. Then, the flexible shape memory alloy is subjected to shaping heat treatment, so that the flexible shape memory alloy remembers the geometry of the component created by the shape programming mechanism, thereby copying and storing the geometry information of the component in the flexible shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template body. Step Six: Energy Storage and Actuation Processing of Flexible Shape Memory Alloys This allows the flexible shape memory alloy to be forced to deform from its original, remembered shape into a temporary shape, thereby enabling the flexible shape memory alloy to have an actuating function and storing the energy required to form the component into the flexible shape memory alloy; Step seven involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores the geometric information and energy of the component, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening; Step 8: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the billet to deform. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the softened billet of the formed component assembled with it.

5. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of using a shape programming machine to constrain a flexible shape memory alloy to copy and store the geometric shape information of the component constructed by the shape programming machine into the flexible shape memory alloy, and then having the flexible shape memory alloy intermediate template clone the component to the blank, involves the following steps: Step one: Prepare the blanks and tools, including the flexible shape memory alloy, the blank for the component to be formed, and the metal rod and base plate for the shape programming machine; Step 2: Assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometry of the component, and bind the flexible shape memory alloy according to the constructed geometry; Step 3: Flexible shape memory alloy replicates and stores the geometric information of the component. The flexible shape memory alloy, which is bound by the geometric shape constructed by the shape programming machine, is subjected to shaping heat treatment so that the flexible shape memory alloy remembers the geometric shape of the component created by the shape programming mechanism. In this way, the geometric shape information of the component is copied and stored in the flexible shape memory alloy, making it an intermediate template. Step 4: Energy storage and actuation treatment using flexible shape memory alloys The shaped flexible shape memory alloy is removed from the shape programming machine, and then forced to deform from its original shape into a temporary shape, thereby enabling the flexible shape memory alloy to have an actuation function and storing the energy required to form the component into the flexible shape memory alloy; Step five involves assembling the flexible shape memory alloy, which stores the geometric information and energy of the component, with the blank of the component to be formed and auxiliary components for heating and fastening; Step six: Heating triggers the mechanical cloning process. Heating restores the flexible shape memory alloy to its original shape, generating a restoring force that forces the billet to deform. This allows the geometric information and energy stored in the flexible shape memory alloy to be transferred and copied to the billet of the formed component assembled with it.

6. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for manufacturing a component by utilizing the restoring force of a shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to force the blank to deform and conform to a shape programming machine to replicate the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine are as follows: Step 1: Prepare the metal rod and base plate for the shape programming machine, assemble the metal rod and base plate into a shape programming machine, and then use the shape programming mechanism to create the geometric shape of the component; Step 2: Prepare shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials by fabricating shape memory alloys into metamaterials with curved rod lattice structures, so that they have flexibility and stretchability; Step 3: Energy storage and actuation processing of shape memory alloy flexible metamaterials The prepared shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is subjected to shaping heat treatment to shape it and give it shape memory function, and then it is compressed and deformed to give it actuation function. Step 4, Assembly The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial that stores energy is used as a flexible actuator and assembled and fixed together with the blank, shape programming machine, auxiliary assembly and fixing parts and heating device. Step 5: Heat-triggered mechanical cloning process to obtain components. By heating the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial to restore its original shape, a restoring force is generated, which forces the blank to deform and fit into the shape programming machine, thereby replicating the geometry of the component constructed by the shape programming machine to obtain the component. One way to trigger the mechanical cloning process by heating is to heat and soften the blank, which at the same time triggers the shape restoration of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial, thus triggering the mechanical cloning process. Another approach is to directly heat the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial, triggering the shape recovery of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and triggering the mechanical cloning process; The third method involves heating both the billet and the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial, triggering the shape recovery of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and thus triggering the mechanical cloning process.

7. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The flexible shape memory alloy is a shape memory alloy sheet or a stretchable mesh made from a shape memory alloy sheet. The flexible shape memory alloy can be used by stacking multiple shape memory alloy sheets together or by stacking multiple stretchable meshes made from shape memory alloy sheets together.

8. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, 4, or 6, characterized in that, The shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is a curved rod lattice metamaterial. The curved rod lattice structure can take two forms: one is that the lattice pillars adopt a curved rod structure, and the other is that the lattice pillars adopt a spring structure.

9. The mechanical cloning manufacturing method based on shape memory alloy and shape programming machine according to claim 1, 4, or 6, characterized in that, When the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial is used, graphite paper is filled into the lattice pores of the curved rod for lubrication, graphite paper is placed between the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and the metal blank, and between the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial and the auxiliary assembly fixing tool for lubrication, or a lubricating coating is sprayed onto the surface of the shape memory alloy flexible metamaterial.

Images