A soil conditioner prepared from phyllanthus emblica fruit dregs and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a soil conditioner prepared from Phyllanthus emblica pomace and its preparation method, relating to the field of plant by-product processing technology. The soil conditioner comprises Phyllanthus emblica pomace, animal manure, biochar, modified starch, modified pectin, sodium dextran sulfate, a compound microbial agent, and Sphingomonas sphingosine monocytogenes. The Phyllanthus emblica pomace is first soaked in sodium chloride solution, then fermented and filtered with Sphingomonas sphingosine monocytogenes. The filtered residue is then sterilized, mixed with animal manure, and composted. The filtrate is mixed with other substances and then combined with the composted fertilizer. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, effectively regulates alkaline soil, and to a certain extent, can remediate heavy metals in the soil and promote crop growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant by-product processing technology, specifically to a soil conditioner prepared using Phyllanthus emblica pomace and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The fruit of the amla plant is rich in vitamin C, trace elements, amino acids and other nutrients. These components can be fully dissolved in water after juicing, which improves their digestibility and absorption by the human body. Therefore, the fruit of the amla plant is usually used for juice processing. The amla pomace is a by-product of the amla juice processing. The amla pomace contains rich dietary fiber, polysaccharides, vitamins and a small amount of protein, and has high comprehensive utilization value.

[0003] The existing methods for utilizing Phyllanthus emblica pomace mainly involve extracting dietary fiber from the pomace. However, this method is costly and complex, and has not been commercially applied. Furthermore, there is some waste in the pomace after processing into juice. Usually, this pomace is used as fertilizer for crops, but its direct use or composting has limited effect on promoting crop growth. Therefore, developing a soil conditioner based on Phyllanthus emblica pomace is the current application direction for Phyllanthus emblica processing by-products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a soil conditioner prepared from Phyllanthus emblica pomace and its preparation method, which can effectively regulate alkaline soil, remediate heavy metals in the soil to a certain extent, and promote crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A soil conditioner prepared from Phyllanthus emblica pomace, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 10-15 parts animal manure, 6-8 parts biochar, 2-4 parts modified starch, 1-2 parts modified pectin, 0.1-0.3 parts sodium dextran sulfate, 0.01-0.03 parts compound microbial agent, and 0.01-0.03 parts Sphingosine monocytogenes; wherein the compound microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus belye, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3:2:1; wherein the modified starch is obtained by semi-gelatinizing starch and then microwave-setting; and wherein the modified pectin is obtained by alkali-acid treatment followed by high-pressure ultrasonic treatment.

[0006] Preferably, the modified starch is prepared by mixing corn starch with water and semi-gelatinizing it at 60°C for 30-50 minutes, then drying it at 40-50°C until the moisture content is less than 20%, and then treating it with microwave power of 120W for 8-10 minutes to obtain modified starch.

[0007] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the modified pectin includes the following steps: (1) Dissolve pectin in an alkaline solution with a pH of 9.5-10.5, treat at 50-60℃ for 10-20 min, then adjust the pH to 3.5-4, continue treatment for 20-30 min, then adjust the pH to neutral to obtain an alkaline-acid treated pectin solution for later use. (2) Place the above-mentioned alkali-acid treated pectin solution in a 2-4 MPa environment, then ultrasonically treat it at 400-600W for 15-20 minutes, and then spray dry it to obtain modified pectin.

[0008] The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: S1. Add the amla fruit residue to a sodium chloride solution and soak for 2-3 hours. Then filter and wash the residue repeatedly with clean water to obtain the pretreated fruit residue for later use. S2. After mixing the pretreated fruit pomace with water, add Sphingomonas sphingosine monocytogenes for fermentation for 48-56 hours, then press and filter to obtain fermentation liquid and fermentation residue for later use. S3. After sterilizing the above fermentation residue, add animal manure and mix evenly. Then add compound microbial inoculant and ferment for 2-3 months. Dry to obtain compound fermented material for later use. S4. Mix the above fermentation broth and modified pectin with 2-3 times the volume of water, stir in a water bath, then add biochar and water to adjust the solid content to 30%-40%. After centrifugation, separate the precipitate and dry it to obtain a dry precipitate. At the same time, collect the separation liquid. S5. After thoroughly mixing the separated liquid with modified starch and sodium dextran sulfate, dry it, then mix it with the dried precipitate, grind it together, add it to the compound fermentation material and mix it evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0009] Preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium chloride solution in step S1 is 5%-7%.

[0010] Preferably, the fermentation conditions of Sphingosine monocytogenes in step S2 are as follows: culture in a shaker at 180 r / min in a temperature environment of 25-30℃.

[0011] Preferably, the sterilization method for the fermentation residue in step S3 is steam sterilization at 121°C for 15-20 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the water bath stirring temperature is 40-45℃, the centrifugation speed is 3000-5000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.

[0013] Preferably, the drying temperature in step S5 is 35-45℃.

[0014] Preferably, in step S5, the grinding and pulverizing process passes through a 10-20 mesh sieve.

[0015] This invention provides a soil conditioner prepared from Phyllanthus emblica pomace and its preparation method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention employs *Phyllanthus amla* pomace to first ferment it with *Sphingomonas*, then separates the fermentation broth and fermentation residue. Subsequently, the fermentation broth is combined with biochar, modified pectin, and modified starch. The fermentation residue is sterilized and then mixed with animal manure for composting. This effectively ensures the pH adjustment effect of the final soil conditioner, enabling soil heavy metal remediation to a certain extent and improving the utilization effect of *Phyllanthus amla* pomace. At the same time, the combined use of sodium dextran sulfate further enhances the effect of the soil conditioner, reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil by plants and comprehensively ensuring crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the detection of pH value and heavy metal content of soil samples collected in this embodiment of the invention and soil samples after planting in different groups; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the heavy metal enrichment of corn kernels harvested after planting in each group in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the weight of 100 corn kernels harvested after planting in each group in the embodiments of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The viable count of Sphingosine monocytogenes used below was 10⁸ CFU / g, purchased from Shanghai Preservation Biotechnology Center; the viable count of Bacillus belyssus (purchased from Yancheng Shenwei Microbial Culture Technology Co., Ltd.) was 10⁹ CFU / g; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis (purchased from Yancheng Shenwei Microbial Culture Technology Co., Ltd.) was 5 × 10¹¹ CFU / g; and the viable count of Trichoderma (purchased from Jinan Jiayang Chemical Co., Ltd.) was 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU / g. Furthermore, the Phyllanthus emblica pomace was a byproduct collected from Yunnan Shufeicui Agricultural and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd. during the processing of Phyllanthus emblica juice; and the biochar was rice husk biochar purchased from Shijiazhuang Jinchu Technology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Example 1: I. Raw material preparation: 1. Preparation of modified starch: Modified starch was prepared by mixing corn starch with 8 times its volume of water and semi-gelatinizing it at 60°C for 40 minutes, then drying it at 45°C until the moisture content was less than 20%, and finally treating it with microwave power of 120W for 8 minutes.

[0020] Preparation of modified pectin: Pectin was dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 10 and treated at 55°C for 15 min. Then, the pH was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid and treated for another 25 min. Finally, the pH was adjusted to neutral to obtain an alkaline-acid treated pectin solution. The solution was then placed in a 3 MPa environment and ultrasonically treated at 400 W for 20 min, followed by spray drying to obtain modified pectin.

[0021] Compound microbial inoculant: A compound microbial agent was prepared by mixing Bacillus vesalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0022] II. Preparation of Soil Conditioner: 1. Preparation of Modifier A: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight proportions: 45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 13 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of biochar, 3 parts of modified starch, 1.5 parts of modified pectin, 0.2 parts of sodium dextran sulfate, 0.02 parts of compound microbial agent, and 0.02 parts of Sphingosine monocytogenes. (2) Add the amla fruit residue to a 6% sodium chloride solution and soak for 2.5 hours. Then filter and wash the residue with water 5 times to obtain the pretreated fruit residue. (3) After mixing the pretreated fruit pomace with water, add Sphingosine monocytogenes and culture it in a shaker at 180 r / min for 50 h at a temperature of 25-30℃. Then press and filter to obtain fermentation liquid and fermentation residue for later use. (4) After steam sterilizing the fermentation residue at 121℃ for 20 minutes, add cow manure and mix evenly, then add compound microbial agent and ferment for 80 days. Turn the pile every 15 days during the fermentation period. After the fermentation is completed, dry at 40℃ to obtain compound fermentation material. (5) Mix the above fermentation liquid and modified pectin with 3 times the volume of water, stir in a water bath at 40°C, then add biochar and water, adjust the solid content to 35%, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 8 min, then separate the precipitate and dry at 35°C to obtain the dried precipitate, and collect the separation liquid after centrifugation. (6) After thoroughly mixing the separated liquid with modified starch and sodium dextran sulfate, dry it at 40°C, then grind and crush the dried precipitate together and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve. Then add the compound fermentation material and stir evenly to obtain soil conditioner A.

[0023] Preparation of Modifier B: The preparation method of modifier B is basically the same as that of modifier A, except that the addition of sodium dextran sulfate is omitted.

[0024] Preparation of Modifier C: The preparation method of modifier C is basically the same as that of modifier A, except that the modified pectin is replaced with ordinary pectin.

[0025] Preparation of Modifier D: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight proportions: 45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 13 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of biochar, 3 parts of modified starch, 1.5 parts of modified pectin, 0.2 parts of sodium dextran sulfate, 0.02 parts of compound microbial agent, and 0.02 parts of Sphingosine monocytogenes. (2) Mix the amla fruit residue with water and add sphingomonas. Incubate at 25-30℃ in a shaker at 180 r / min for 50 h. Then press and filter to obtain fermentation liquid and fermentation residue for later use. (3) After steam sterilizing the fermentation residue at 121℃ for 20 minutes, add cow manure and mix evenly, then add compound microbial agent and ferment for 80 days. Turn the pile every 15 days during the fermentation period. After the fermentation is completed, dry at 40℃ to obtain compound fermentation material. (4) Mix the above fermentation liquid and modified pectin with 3 times the volume of water, stir in a water bath at 40°C, then add biochar and water, adjust the solid content to 35%, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 8 min, then separate the precipitate and dry at 35°C to obtain the dried precipitate, and collect the separation liquid after centrifugation. (5) After thoroughly mixing the separated liquid with modified starch and sodium dextran sulfate, dry it at 40°C, then grind and crush the dried precipitate together and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve. Then add the compound fermentation material and stir evenly to obtain soil conditioner D.

[0026] Preparation of Modifier E: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight proportions: 45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 13 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of biochar, 3 parts of modified starch, 1.5 parts of modified pectin, 0.2 parts of sodium dextran sulfate, 0.02 parts of compound microbial agent, and 0.02 parts of Sphingosine monocytogenes. (2) Add the amla fruit residue to a 6% sodium chloride solution and soak for 2.5 hours. Then filter and wash the residue with water 5 times to obtain the pretreated fruit residue. (3) After mixing the pretreated fruit pomace with water, add Sphingosine monocytogenes and culture it in a shaker at 180 r / min for 50 h at a temperature of 25-30℃. Then press and filter to obtain fermentation liquid and fermentation residue for later use. (4) Add the fermented residue to cow manure and mix evenly, then add compound microbial agent and ferment for 80 days. Turn the pile every 15 days during the fermentation period. After the fermentation is completed, dry at 40°C to obtain compound fermented material. (5) Mix the above fermentation liquid and modified pectin with 3 times the volume of water, stir in a water bath at 40°C, then add biochar and water, adjust the solid content to 35%, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 8 min, then separate the precipitate and dry at 35°C to obtain the dried precipitate, and collect the separation liquid after centrifugation. (6) After thoroughly mixing the separated liquid with modified starch and sodium dextran sulfate, dry it at 40°C, then grind and crush the dried precipitate together and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve. Then add the compound fermentation material and stir evenly to obtain soil conditioner E.

[0027] Preparation of Modifier F: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight proportions: 45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 13 parts of cow dung, 0.2 parts of sodium dextran sulfate, 0.02 parts of compound microbial inoculant, and 0.02 parts of Sphingosine monocytogenes; (2) Add the pomace of Phyllanthus emblica to cow manure and mix evenly. Then add compound microbial bacteria and Sphingosine monocytogenes and ferment for 80 days. Turn the pile every 15 days during the fermentation period. After the fermentation is completed, dry it at 40°C to obtain compound fermented material. (3) Mix the above-mentioned compound fermentation material with sodium dextran sulfate and stir thoroughly to obtain soil conditioner F.

[0028] III. Potted Plant Experiment and Testing: Soil samples were taken from the saline-alkali land in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River in Yuanmou, Yunnan, which is contaminated with heavy metals. After steam sterilization, the soil samples were divided into 6 portions, each mixed with a different soil amendment at a mass ratio of 10:1 (see Table 1 below). These were then potted and planted with corn, managed routinely until harvest. The pH and heavy metal content of the collected and post-planting soil samples were measured. Specific results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below. Figure 1 As shown: Table 1 Selection of amendments for soil samples from different groups Table 2 shows the pH values ​​and heavy metal content of soil samples collected and after planting. As shown in the table above, the use of soil conditioner A in groups 1, 2, and 3 can effectively reduce the soil pH value and significantly reduce the content of heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium in the soil. However, in group 4, the Phyllanthus emblica fruit residue was not soaked in sodium chloride solution, which greatly reduced the effect on heavy metals.

[0029] The heavy metal content in the corn kernels was tested after harvesting, and the weight of 100 kernels in each group of harvested corn was also measured. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3. Heavy metal content and 100-kernel weight in corn As shown in the table above, the regulator in group 1 can effectively increase the yield of corn and reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in corn kernels. In contrast, the weight of 100 corn kernels in groups 2-7 is reduced and the accumulation of heavy metals is relatively high.

[0030] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner prepared using Phyllanthus emblica pomace, characterized in that, The soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of Phyllanthus emblica pomace, 10-15 parts of animal manure, 6-8 parts of biochar, 2-4 parts of modified starch, 1-2 parts of modified pectin, 0.1-0.3 parts of sodium dextran sulfate, 0.01-0.03 parts of compound microbial inoculant, and 0.01-0.03 parts of Sphingosine monocytogenes; The compound microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus vesicles, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma in a mass ratio of 3:2:

1. The modified starch is obtained by semi-gelatinizing starch and then microwave-setting it. The modified pectin is obtained by treating pectin with alkali-acid followed by high-pressure ultrasonic treatment.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: corn starch is mixed with water and semi-gelatinized at 60°C for 30-50 minutes, then dried at 40-50°C until the water content is less than 20%, and then treated with microwave power of 120W for 8-10 minutes to obtain modified starch.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the modified pectin includes the following steps: (1) Dissolve pectin in an alkaline solution with a pH of 9.5-10.5, treat at 50-60℃ for 10-20 min, then adjust the pH to 3.5-4, continue treatment for 20-30 min, then adjust the pH to neutral to obtain an alkaline-acid treated pectin solution for later use. (2) Place the above-mentioned alkali-acid treated pectin solution in a 2-4 MPa environment, then ultrasonically treat it at 400-600W for 15-20 minutes, and then spray dry it to obtain modified pectin.

4. The method for preparing the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Add the amla fruit residue to a sodium chloride solution and soak for 2-3 hours. Then filter and wash the residue repeatedly with clean water to obtain the pretreated fruit residue for later use. S2. After mixing the pretreated fruit pomace with water, add Sphingomonas sphingosine monocytogenes for fermentation for 48-56 hours, then press and filter to obtain fermentation liquid and fermentation residue for later use. S3. After sterilizing the above fermentation residue, add animal manure and mix evenly. Then add compound microbial inoculant and ferment for 2-3 months. Dry to obtain compound fermented material for later use. S4. Mix the above fermentation broth and modified pectin with 2-3 times the volume of water, stir in a water bath, then add biochar and water to adjust the solid content to 30%-40%. After centrifugation, separate the precipitate and dry it to obtain a dry precipitate. At the same time, collect the separation liquid. S5. After thoroughly mixing the separated liquid with modified starch and sodium dextran sulfate, dry it, then mix it with the dried precipitate, grind it together, add it to the compound fermentation material and mix it evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the sodium chloride solution in step S1 is 5%-7%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation conditions for Sphingomonas in step S2 are as follows: culture on a shaker at 180 r / min in a temperature environment of 25-30℃.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the fermentation residue is sterilized by steam sterilization at 121°C for 15-20 minutes.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the water bath stirring temperature is 40-45℃, the centrifugation speed is 3000-5000 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step S5 is 35-45℃.

10. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S5, the material is ground and pulverized through a 10-20 mesh sieve.

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