A long-lasting and environmentally friendly composite additive for automotive transmission fluid and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of automotive transmission fluid additives, specifically relating to a long-lasting, environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive and its preparation method. By weight, it comprises the following components: 16-20 parts antioxidant, 40-50 parts detergent, 3-6 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 5-15 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive. This invention adds an ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive that combines extreme pressure anti-wear agent and friction modifier into the composite additive. This allows it to function as a friction modifier under low load conditions and as an extreme pressure anti-wear agent under high load conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive transmission fluid additive technology, specifically relating to a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) additives are formulated with a variety of functional additives, primarily used to optimize the performance of base oils to meet the stringent requirements of automatic transmissions. The synergistic effect of the compound additives ensures the lubricity, durability, and system reliability of ATF. Its core technology lies in the precise balance and synergistic effect of the additive formulation, which directly determines the shifting performance and service life of the transmission.

[0003] Ionic liquid extreme pressure anti-wear agents can effectively reduce the coefficient of friction and improve anti-wear performance. Furthermore, ionic liquids can maintain relatively good tribological properties and exhibit small wear volume even under high temperature and vacuum conditions.

[0004] However, the high polarity of ionic liquids leads to their relatively low solubility in non-polar base oils; in addition, the application of ionic liquids as lubricating additives is also limited by their potential corrosiveness, especially anions containing halogen ions, which have a more severe acidic corrosive effect on the surfaces of friction pairs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a long-lasting and environmentally friendly composite additive for automotive transmission fluid and its preparation method, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid compound additive, by weight, comprises the following components: 16-20 parts antioxidant, 40-50 parts detergent, 3-6 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 5-15 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0008] The general structural formula of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive is:

[0009] ;

[0010] R1 is one of n-hexyl, n-heptyl, or n-octyl, and R2 is one of methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl.

[0011] As a further improvement, the structural formula of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive is as follows:

[0012] .

[0013] As a further improvement, the antioxidant is one of alkyl diphenylamine, dialkyl dithiocarbamate, disododecyl thiodipropionate, or disodactyl thiodipropionate; the detergent is a sulfurized alkylphenol salt or alkyl salicylate; and the corrosion inhibitor is a thiadiazole derivative, a benzotriazole derivative, or an aminobenzoic acid derivative.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for preparing a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivatives were used as reactants to prepare ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additives via ion exchange reaction;

[0016] S2. Weigh out the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, antioxidant, detergent and corrosion inhibitor, pour them into a mixing and stirring device, mix them at 20~25℃, then heat to 45~50℃ and continue stirring to obtain the automatic transmission oil additive.

[0017] As a further improvement, the preparation method of the bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide is as follows:

[0018] Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide was prepared by quaternization reaction using bromoethane and diethanolamine stearate as reactants.

[0019] Molybdenum acetylacetonate was dissolved in hot ethanol, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide was slowly added to it while stirring. After stirring until homogeneous, the mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 24-28 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0020] As a further improvement, the molar ratio of the molybdenum acetylacetonate to the bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide is 1:1.

[0021] As a further improvement, the preparation method of the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative is as follows: add a dichloromethane solution containing a secondary amine derivative to diethylene glycol anhydride, stir the reaction at room temperature for 6-8 hours, after the reaction is completed, add a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system, continue stirring for 5-10 minutes, then let it stand to separate the layers to remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase, dry it, and distill it under reduced pressure to obtain the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative.

[0022] As a further improvement, the molar ratio of the diethylene glycol anhydride to the secondary amine derivative is 1.2 to 1.4:1.

[0023] As a further improvement, the specific steps of the ion exchange reaction are as follows: dissolve the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative and sodium hydroxide in ultrapure water, then add a dichloromethane solution containing bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide, stir the reaction at room temperature, and after the reaction is completed, separate the aqueous phase to remove the organic phase, wash, dry, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0024] As a further improvement, the molar ratio of the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative to the bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide is 1:1.

[0025] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention provides a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission oil composite additive and its preparation method. By adding an ionic liquid anti-friction and anti-wear additive that combines extreme pressure anti-wear agent and friction modifier to the composite additive, it can exert the effect of friction modifier under low load and the effect of extreme pressure anti-wear agent under high load.

[0027] Under low to medium load conditions, the flexible ether chains in the ionic liquid anions can form a "line contact" adsorption layer on the metal surface. At the same time, nitrogen, oxygen, and their carried negative charges can form "point contact" anchor points on the metal surface, thereby forming a denser and stronger protective film. This achieves multi-point and multi-mode synergistic lubrication, resulting in better friction reduction and a longer service life.

[0028] Under high loads, the carbon-oxygen single bonds in the ether chain can rotate, maintaining stable lubrication performance under high temperature and pressure, and preventing oil film rupture due to molecular chain stiffness. At the same time, the molybdenum in the cation can form a molybdenum oxide film, which plays a role in friction reduction and anti-wear.

[0029] In this invention, the long carbon chains in the anions and cations of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive improve the solubility of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive in non-polar base oils, improve the stability of the composite additive in base oils, and are free of sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens, making them more green and environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 These are the wear scar diameter, average coefficient of friction, and maximum non-seize load P. B The results show that, where a is the average friction coefficient, b is the wear scar diameter, and c is the P... B result;

[0031] Figure 2 This is the infrared spectrum of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall be followed. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0033] The antioxidants, detergents, and corrosion inhibitors used in this invention are all commercially available or can be prepared using existing technologies. The secondary amine derivatives used in this invention are all commercially available or can be prepared using existing technologies.

[0034] In this invention, the PAO4 base oil used has the following properties: kinematic viscosity (40℃) 19.3 mm. 2 / s, kinematic viscosity (100℃) 4.1mm 2 / s, viscosity index 127, density (20℃) 0.82kg / m³ 3 .

[0035] Example 1 A long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission oil compound additive, comprising the following components by weight: 18 parts antioxidant, 45 parts detergent, 5 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 10 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0036] Among them, the antioxidant is alkylated diphenylamine, specifically antioxidant 5057; the detergent is sulfide alkylphenol salt, specifically KTP250; and the corrosion inhibitor is thiadiazole derivative, specifically T561.

[0037] The structural formula of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive is as follows:

[0038] .

[0039] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive, specifically including the following steps:

[0040] S1. Add 0.1 mol of bromoethane and 0.11 mol of diethanolamine stearate to 100 mL of acetonitrile in sequence, slowly heat to 85 °C, stir and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, evaporate and concentrate to remove the solvent, then add 100 mL of ethyl acetate, precipitate and filter, wash the precipitate three times with ethyl acetate, and dry under vacuum at 80 °C to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide.

[0041] The reaction equation is:

[0042] ;

[0043] S2. Dissolve 0.1 mol of molybdenum acetylacetonate in 100 mL of hot ethanol. While stirring, slowly add 0.1 mol of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide. After stirring evenly, heat to 85 °C and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0044] The reaction equation is:

[0045] ;

[0046] S3. Weigh 12 mmol of diethylene glycol anhydride and stir for 5 min. Add 30 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of secondary amine derivative (N-methyloctylamine) and react at room temperature for 6 h. After the reaction is complete, add 30 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system and continue stirring for 5 min. Then let it stand to separate into layers, remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, wash three times with saturated sodium chloride solution, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain N-methyl-N-octyldiethylene glycol ammonium acid.

[0047] The reaction equation is:

[0048] ;

[0049] S4. Add 10 mmol of N-methyl-N-octyl diglycolamine and 15 mmol of sodium hydroxide to 100 mL of ultrapure water and stir for 15 min to dissolve. Then add 100 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and stir at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, separate the aqueous phase and wash the organic phase with ultrapure water until no bromide ions are present. Then dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0050] The reaction equation is:

[0051] ;

[0052] S5. Weigh out the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, antioxidant, detergent and corrosion inhibitor, pour them into a mixing and stirring device, mix at 25°C, then heat to 50°C and continue stirring to obtain the automatic transmission oil additive.

[0053] like Figure 2The image shown is the infrared spectrum of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive in this embodiment, where 922.41 cm⁻¹ -1 and 565.11cm -1 Mo=O peak and Mo-O peak appear on the left and right sides respectively, located at 1320 cm⁻¹. -1 and 1710cm -1 Absorption peaks for the asymmetric stretching vibrations of the CO and C=O groups appear on the left and right sides, respectively, and are observed at 722 cm⁻¹. -1 The region exhibited a rocking vibration peak of the methylene group.

[0054] Example 2 A long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission oil composite additive, comprising the following components by weight: 16 parts antioxidant, 40 parts detergent, 3 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 5 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0055] The antioxidant is a dialkyl dithiocarbamate, specifically a dialkyl dithiocarbamate (T323); the detergent is an alkyl salicylate, specifically KTSA60; and the corrosion inhibitor is a benzotriazole derivative, specifically TH-551.

[0056] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive, specifically including the following steps:

[0057] S1. Add 0.1 mol of bromoethane and 0.11 mol of diethanolamine stearate to 100 mL of acetonitrile in sequence, slowly heat to 85 °C, stir and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, evaporate and concentrate to remove the solvent, then add 100 mL of ethyl acetate, precipitate and filter, wash the precipitate three times with ethyl acetate, and dry under vacuum at 80 °C to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide.

[0058] S2. Dissolve 0.1 mol of molybdenum acetylacetonate in 100 mL of hot ethanol. While stirring, slowly add 0.1 mol of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide. After stirring evenly, heat to 85 °C and reflux for 28 h. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0059] S3. Weigh 14 mmol of diethylene glycol anhydride and stir for 5 min. Add 30 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of secondary amine derivative (N-methyloctylamine) and react at room temperature for 8 h. After the reaction is complete, add 30 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system and continue stirring for 10 min. Then let it stand to separate into layers, remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, wash three times with saturated sodium chloride solution, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain N-methyl-N-octyldiethylene glycol ammonium acid.

[0060] S4. Add 10 mmol of N-methyl-N-octyl diglycolamine and 15 mmol of sodium hydroxide to 100 mL of ultrapure water and stir for 15 min to dissolve. Then add 100 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and stir at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, separate the aqueous phase and wash the organic phase with ultrapure water until no bromide ions are present. Then dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0061] S5. Weigh out the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, antioxidant, detergent and corrosion inhibitor, pour them into a mixing and stirring device, mix at 20°C, then heat to 45°C and continue stirring to obtain the automatic transmission oil additive.

[0062] Example 3 A long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission oil composite additive, comprising the following components by weight: 20 parts antioxidant, 50 parts detergent, 6 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 15 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0063] The antioxidant is didodecyl thiodipropionate or dioctadecyl thiodipropionate, the detergent is sulfide alkylphenol salt, specifically KTP250, and the corrosion inhibitor is an aminobenzoic acid derivative, specifically methyl anthranilate.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive, specifically including the following steps:

[0065] S1. Add 0.1 mol of bromoethane and 0.11 mol of diethanolamine stearate to 100 mL of acetonitrile in sequence, slowly heat to 85 °C, stir and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, evaporate and concentrate to remove the solvent, then add 100 mL of ethyl acetate, precipitate and filter, wash the precipitate three times with ethyl acetate, and dry under vacuum at 80 °C to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide.

[0066] S2. Dissolve 0.1 mol of molybdenum acetylacetonate in 100 mL of hot ethanol. While stirring, slowly add 0.1 mol of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide. After stirring evenly, heat to 85 °C and reflux for 26 h. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0067] S3. Weigh 14 mmol of diethylene glycol anhydride and stir for 5 min. Add 30 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of secondary amine derivative (N-methyloctylamine) and react at room temperature for 7 h. After the reaction is complete, add 30 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system and continue stirring for 8 min. Then let it stand to separate into layers, remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, wash three times with saturated sodium chloride solution, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain N-methyl-N-octyldiethylene glycol ammonium acid.

[0068] S4. Add 13 mmol of N-methyl-N-octyl diglycolamine acid and 15 mmol of sodium hydroxide to 100 mL of ultrapure water and stir for 15 min to dissolve. Then add 100 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and stir at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, separate the aqueous phase and wash the organic phase with ultrapure water until no bromide ions are present. Then dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0069] S5. Weigh out the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, antioxidant, detergent and corrosion inhibitor, pour them into a mixing and stirring device, mix at 23°C, then heat to 48°C and continue stirring to obtain the automatic transmission oil additive.

[0070] Examples 4-11 provide a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive. Its composition and preparation method are the same as those in Example 1. The difference lies in the different ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additives. The specific secondary amine derivatives used in R1 and R2 in the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additives in Examples 4-11 and their preparation methods are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1. R1, R2, and secondary amine derivatives in ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additives in Examples 4-11

[0072]

[0073] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example provides a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive. Its composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive and its preparation method are different. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0074] S1. Add 0.1 mol of bromoethane and 0.11 mol of diethanolamine stearate to 100 mL of acetonitrile in sequence, slowly heat to 85 °C, stir and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, evaporate and concentrate to remove the solvent, then add 100 mL of ethyl acetate, precipitate and filter, wash the precipitate three times with ethyl acetate, and dry under vacuum at 80 °C to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide.

[0075] S2. Dissolve 0.1 mol of molybdenum acetylacetonate in 100 mL of hot ethanol. While stirring, slowly add 0.1 mol of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide. After stirring evenly, heat to 85 °C and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0076] S4. Add 10 mmol of octanoic acid and 10 mmol of bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide to 200 mL of dichloromethane, then add dropwise an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide containing 15 mmol of sodium hydroxide. Stir at room temperature for 4 h. After the reaction is complete, separate the aqueous phase and wash the organic phase with ultrapure water until no bromide ions are present. Then dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0077] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example provides a long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive. Its composition and preparation method are the same as those in Example 1, except that the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive and its preparation method are different. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0078] S1. Add 0.1 mol of bromoethane and 0.11 mol of diethanolamine stearate to 100 mL of acetonitrile in sequence, slowly heat to 85 °C, stir and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, evaporate and concentrate to remove the solvent, then add 100 mL of ethyl acetate, precipitate and filter, wash the precipitate three times with ethyl acetate, and dry under vacuum at 80 °C to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide.

[0079] S2. Dissolve 0.1 mol of molybdenum acetylacetonate in 100 mL of hot ethanol. While stirring, slowly add 0.1 mol of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide. After stirring evenly, heat to 85 °C and reflux for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

[0080] S3. Weigh 12 mmol of succinic anhydride and stir for 5 min. Add 30 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of secondary amine derivative (N-methyloctylamine) and react at room temperature for 6 h. After the reaction is complete, add 30 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system and continue stirring for 5 min. Then let it stand to separate into layers, remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, wash three times with saturated sodium chloride solution, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain N-methyl-N-octylsuccinic acid.

[0081] The reaction equation is:

[0082] ;

[0083] S4. Add 10 mmol of N-methyl-N-octylsuccinic acid and 15 mmol of sodium hydroxide to 100 mL of ultrapure water and stir for 15 min to dissolve. Then add 100 mL of dichloromethane solution containing 10 mmol of bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and stir at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction is complete, separate the aqueous phase and wash the organic phase with ultrapure water until no bromide ions are present. Then dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

[0084] The oil solubility of the composite additives in Examples 1, 4-11 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested. The composite additives were added to PAO4 base oil to prepare test oils with contents of 0.25 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%, respectively. The oils were heated to 60°C, magnetically stirred until uniform, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. After being sealed and left to stand for 30 days, the dissolution of the additives was observed. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2. Oil solubility results of the composite additives in Examples 1, 4-11 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0086]

[0087] As can be seen from Table 2, the composite additive prepared by this invention has good oil solubility in Group IV base oils and can be effectively dissolved in base oils for a long time.

[0088] The composite additives of Examples 1, 4-11 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were added to the base lubricating oil at a concentration of 0.5 wt%, stirred at room temperature for 30 min, ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min, and allowed to stand for aging for 12 h to obtain lubricating oil samples.

[0089] The tribological properties of the above-mentioned lubricating oil samples were determined according to GB / T 3142-2019, and the wear scar diameter, average coefficient of friction, and maximum non-seize load P were obtained. BThe results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, where a is the average friction coefficient, b is the wear scar diameter, and c is the P... B result.

[0090] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that among the average friction coefficient results, the average friction coefficient of Example 1 is the lowest, and the average friction coefficients of Examples 1, 4 and 5 are similar. The average friction coefficients of Examples 6, 7 and 8 are similar, but higher than that of Example 1. The average friction coefficients of Examples 9, 10 and 11 are similar, but higher than that of Example 1. This is because when both carbon chains in the amide are long, the density of the formed friction film is weakened, resulting in an increase in the friction coefficient. Therefore, the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive prepared in Example 1 has the best friction-reducing effect.

[0091] The average friction coefficients of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are higher than those of the Example. The ionic liquid in Comparative Example 1 cannot form a multi-point bonded friction film, which leads to an increase in its friction coefficient. In Comparative Example 2, only "point contact" anchor points can be formed, and the lack of "line contact" adsorption layer of ether chains leads to an increase in its friction coefficient.

[0092] In the results of the wear scar diameter, the wear scar diameters of Example 1 and Examples 4-11 are similar, while the wear scar diameter of Comparative Example 1 is much larger than that of Example 1. This is because the anions in Example 1 can only form a friction film on the surface of the metal friction pair through the combination of anions and cations. The strength of the friction film is not high, and its anti-wear performance is greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in its wear scar diameter.

[0093] The wear scar diameter of Comparative Example 2 is slightly higher than that of Example 1, and the strength of the friction film formed is worse than that of Example 1, but higher than that of Comparative Example 1. Therefore, its wear scar diameter is between that of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0094] P B In the results, neither the ionic liquid anti-friction and anti-wear additives in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 contained ether bonds in their anions; therefore, their extreme pressure anti-wear effects were similar. B Compared to Example 1, both showed a significant reduction.

[0095] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-lasting, environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid compound additive, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 16-20 parts antioxidant, 40-50 parts detergent, 3-6 parts corrosion inhibitor, and 5-15 parts ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive; The general structural formula of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive is: ； R1 is one of n-hexyl, n-heptyl, or n-octyl, and R2 is one of methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl.

2. The long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid compound additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural formula of the ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additive is: 。 3. The long-lasting and environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid compound additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is one of alkylated diphenylamine, dialkyl dithiocarbamate, disododecyl thiodipropionate, or disodactyl thiodipropionate; the detergent is a sulfurized alkylphenol salt or alkyl salicylate; and the corrosion inhibitor is a thiadiazole derivative, a benzotriazole derivative, or an aminobenzoic acid derivative.

4. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide and diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivatives were used as reactants to prepare ionic liquid friction-reducing and wear-resistant additives via ion exchange reaction; S2. Weigh out the ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive, antioxidant, detergent and corrosion inhibitor, pour them into a mixing and stirring device, mix them at 20~25℃, then heat to 45~50℃ and continue stirring to obtain the automatic transmission oil additive.

5. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide is as follows: Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide was prepared by quaternization reaction using bromoethane and diethanolamine stearate as reactants. Molybdenum acetylacetonate was dissolved in hot ethanol, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide was slowly added to it while stirring. After stirring until homogeneous, the mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 24-28 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide.

6. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molar ratio of molybdenum acetylacetonate to bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-octadecyl-ethylammonium bromide is 1:

1.

7. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative is as follows: add a dichloromethane solution containing a secondary amine derivative to diethylene glycol anhydride, stir the reaction at room temperature for 6-8 hours, after the reaction is completed, add a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to the reaction system, continue stirring for 5-10 minutes, then let it stand to separate the layers to remove the aqueous phase, wash the organic phase, dry it, and distill it under reduced pressure to obtain the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative.

8. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 7, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the diethylene glycol anhydride to the secondary amine derivative is 1.2 to 1.4:

1.

9. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps of the ion exchange reaction are as follows: a diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in ultrapure water, and then a dichloromethane solution containing bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide is added to the solution. The mixture is stirred at room temperature and reacted. After the reaction is completed, the aqueous phase is separated and removed, and the organic phase is washed, dried, and distilled under reduced pressure to obtain an ionic liquid friction-reducing and anti-wear additive.

10. The preparation method of the long-lasting environmentally friendly automotive transmission fluid composite additive according to claim 9, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the diethylene glycol ammonium acid derivative to the bis(2-hydroxyethylmolybdate)-ethyl-octadecylammonium bromide is 1:1.

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