A stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric.

Abstract

This invention discloses a stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric, relating to the field of high-speed rail seat manufacturing technology. This invention synthesizes a fabric modification system with five synergistic effects: stain resistance, wear resistance, flame retardancy, antistatic properties, and comfort, through grafting of organosilicon prepolymer with a fluorinated hybrid stain-resistant agent and combining it with a weak cationic system. Its core innovation lies in integrating plasma activation with a cationic interface anchoring promoter and natural air-drying chemical anchoring technology, chemically anchoring the functional layer to the fiber surface. This solves the problem of easy detachment due to physical adsorption of traditional functional layers, exhibiting excellent wear resistance and durability. Simultaneously, the component design with consistent ionic properties ensures system compatibility and uniform coating, while the natural air-drying process preserves the fabric's soft feel. Applying this fabric to high-speed rail seats significantly improves stain resistance, ease of cleaning, and long-term durability, which is of significant value in enhancing the quality of high-speed rail interiors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed rail seat manufacturing technology, specifically to a stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing density of high-speed rail operations in my country, the fabrics of high-speed rail seats, as interior components that passengers frequently come into contact with, must withstand friction, compression, and the adhesion of various stains over a long period of time. Since the seats cannot be disassembled for frequent washing and can only be maintained by simple wiping, stringent requirements are placed on the durability of the fabric's stain-resistant properties.

[0003] Currently, most high-speed rail seat fabrics are made of polyester. The functional finishing agents these fabrics rely on—chemical additives that impart specific functions such as water repellency, oil repellency, flame retardancy, and antistatic properties—are typically applied to the fiber surface through methods like padding and coating. However, polyester fibers have a dense molecular structure and a lack of surface-active groups, meaning the binding with functional finishing agents relies primarily on physical adsorption. More importantly, during the long-term service of the seats, the fabric is subjected to tens of thousands of cycles of friction and compression. This makes the physically adsorbed functional layer prone to detachment, leading to a sharp decline in stain resistance over time, failing to meet the long-term service requirements of rail transit equipment.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies have developed various stain-resistant finishing solutions, such as silicone finishing and fluorinated finishing agents, which have improved the initial water and oil repellency of fabrics to some extent. However, these solutions primarily focus on achieving the stain-resistant function itself and fail to fundamentally solve the problem of the bonding force between the functional finishing agent and the polyester substrate. Even with the addition of general-purpose crosslinking agents for reinforcement, poor compatibility often results from incompatibility with the ionic properties of the finishing system, and high-temperature baking activation is required, which can easily lead to a deterioration in the fabric's hand feel. More importantly, existing technologies are mostly derived from the clothing industry, and their application conditions emphasize side staining and frequent washing. This differs significantly from the actual scenario of high-speed rail seats, which are subjected to frontal pressure and cannot be washed. The insufficient abrasion resistance and durability of the functional layer is particularly prominent in rail transit scenarios.

[0005] Therefore, developing a material suitable for the special working conditions of high-speed rail seats, and fundamentally enhancing the bonding force between the functional finishing agent and the surface of polyester fibers through systematic design, to solve the problems of easy peeling off of the functional layer and poor wear resistance and durability, has become a key technical challenge in improving the service performance of high-speed rail seat fabrics.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric, thereby resolving the issues raised in the background section.

[0008] I. The design concept of the anti-fouling fabric, anti-fouling high-speed rail seat, and preparation method of the anti-fouling fabric provided by the present invention is as follows: (1) First, vinyltrimethoxysilane is hydrolyzed in a controlled manner to prepare organosilicon prepolymer. By adjusting the pH value and reaction temperature, the activity and stability of the prepolymer are ensured, laying the foundation for subsequent grafting reaction with fluorinated acrylate. The high wear resistance and flexibility of the silicon-oxygen structure are utilized to improve the intrinsic wear resistance of the modified layer and the bonding foundation of the fabric.

[0009] (2) The organosilicon prepolymer and the weakly cationic fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion are grafted under the action of a free radical initiator, and octadecanoic acid is introduced as a surface modification agent to form a hybrid antifouling agent. Combining the high wear resistance of the silicon-oxygen structure with the low surface energy of the fluorinated group, the antifouling performance and wear resistance durability are synergistically improved, while avoiding the environmental hazards of traditional pure fluorinated finishing agents. The grafting reaction is precisely controlled by the free radical initiator to ensure the structural stability and weak cationic characteristics of the hybrid antifouling agent.

[0010] (3) Select organophosphorus and nitrogen flame retardants and ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agents that match the ionicity of the hybrid antifouling agent, and innovatively introduce cationic interface anchoring promoters to achieve a compatible compound of four components: antifouling, flame retardant, antistatic and interface anchoring. All components are weakly cationic, which fundamentally ensures the compatibility and stability of the system. One-step modification gives the fabric multiple functions, simplifies the process and improves the bonding force of each functional layer.

[0011] (4) The surface of polyester fabric is etched by plasma treatment to increase the surface roughness and introduce active groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the fiber surface, providing reaction sites for subsequent chemical crosslinking, greatly improving the interfacial bonding between the composite finishing agent and polyester fiber, and realizing the upgrade from "physical adsorption" to "chemical connection".

[0012] (5) The three-step coating process of “filtration-ultrasonic dispersion-impregnation” is designed to remove the agglomerated particles of the finishing agent and achieve uniform dispersion, ensuring that the finishing agent is uniformly coated on the fabric surface; the natural air drying process is adopted, eliminating the traditional rolling and high-temperature baking steps. During the natural air drying process, the cationic interface anchoring promoter is gradually unsealed and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the active groups introduced by plasma pretreatment, chemically anchoring the anti-fouling, flame retardant and antistatic functional layers to the surface of polyester fibers, forming an integrated structure of “functional layer-anchoring layer-substrate”, which fundamentally improves the wear resistance and durability of the functional layer; at the same time, the natural air drying process can effectively retain the original soft hand feel of the fabric, taking into account both performance and experience.

[0013] (6) Limit the linear density and areal density thresholds of double-knitted or sandwich mesh polyester fabrics to balance the fabric’s density and breathability, provide a good carrier for finishing agent coating and chemical anchoring, and adapt to the working conditions of high-speed rail seats being contaminated and frequently contacted.

[0014] II. A method for preparing a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat fabric, comprising the following steps: Step 1): Mix vinyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water and pH adjuster, adjust pH to 3.5-4.5, stir and hydrolyze at 25-35℃ for 30-60 min until the reaction solution changes from layered to transparent and homogeneous, to obtain organosilicon prepolymer; Step 2): Add fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion, octadecanoic acid and free radical initiator to the organosilicon prepolymer obtained in Step 1), and stir the reaction at 40-50℃ for 60-90 min to obtain a hybrid antifouling agent; The fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion is weakly cationic with a solid content of 28-32%; the free radical initiator is ammonium persulfate or azobisisobutyronitrile, and the amount added is 0.1-0.5% of the solid content of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion. Step 3): Mix the hybrid antifouling agent, organophosphorus nitrogen flame retardant, antistatic agent, cationic interface anchoring promoter obtained in Step 2) with deionized water and stir at 200-300 rpm for 20-30 min to obtain a composite finishing agent; In the composite finishing agent, the concentration of the hybrid antifouling agent is 60-100 g / L, the concentration of the flame retardant is 200-400 g / L, the concentration of the antistatic agent is 10-30 g / L, and the concentration of the cationic interface anchoring promoter is 5-20 g / L. Step 4): Plasma treatment is performed on the polyester fabric with a power of 300-500W and a treatment time of 30-60s to introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the surface of the polyester fibers. Step 5): The composite finishing agent is coated onto the surface of the pretreated polyester fabric through a three-step process of filtration, ultrasonic dispersion, and impregnation. Step 6): After immersing the coated polyester fabric for 10-15 seconds, remove it and air dry it naturally. During the natural air drying process, the cationic interface anchoring promoter is gradually unsealed and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the active groups introduced in Step 4), chemically anchoring the hybrid antifouling agent, flame retardant, and antistatic agent onto the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain antifouling high-speed rail seat fabric.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the pH adjuster is glacial acetic acid or citric acid; the mass ratio of vinyltrimethoxysilane to deionized water is 1:5-1:10.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2), the mass ratio of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion to the organosilicon prepolymer is 5-8:1; the amount of octadecanoic acid added is 1-3% of the total mass of the organosilicon prepolymer and the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the ionicity is weakly cationic, and the pH value is 3-4; the antistatic agent is an ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agent, which is weakly cationic; the cationic interface anchoring promoter, hybrid antifouling agent, organophosphorus nitrogen flame retardant, and antistatic agent are all weakly cationic, forming a compatible system with consistent ionic properties.

[0018] Preferably, in step 3), the cationic interface anchoring promoter is a cationic blocked isocyanate, which gradually unblocks and releases isocyanate groups during natural air drying, and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the surface of the polyester fiber.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5), the specific operation of the three-step process of filtration-ultrasonic dispersion-wetting is as follows: Filtration: The composite finishing agent is naturally filtered through the polyester fabric to be treated to remove agglomerated particles and impurities in the system, and the filtrate is collected. Ultrasonic dispersion: The filtrate is placed in an ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic dispersion treatment. The ultrasonic power is 800-1200W, the frequency is 18-22kHz, and the ultrasonic time is 5-8min to obtain a homogeneous and stable composite finishing agent emulsion. Impregnation: The polyester fabric, which has been pretreated by plasma, is completely immersed in the composite finishing agent emulsion after ultrasonic dispersion to ensure that the fabric is fully impregnated without any dead corners.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4), the polyester fabric is a double-knitted polyester fabric or a sandwich mesh polyester fabric, with a linear density ≥200 threads / 10cm and an areal density ≥300g / m². 2 .

[0021] A stain-resistant high-speed rail seat fabric is prepared using any one of the above-mentioned methods.

[0022] A type of anti-fouling high-speed rail seat includes a seat body and a cover covering the surface of the seat body, wherein the cover is sewn from the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric described above.

[0023] The present invention provides a stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric, which have the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention successfully constructed a fabric modification system with five synergistic effects of stain resistance, wear resistance, flame retardancy, antistatic properties, and comfort by grafting organosilicon prepolymer with fluorinated hybrid antifouling agent and combining it with the systematic compounding of weakly cationic multifunctional components. The prepared fabric has excellent initial water and oil repellency and antistatic properties, and can effectively resist the penetration and adhesion of various liquid pollutants.

[0024] (2) Its core innovation lies in the systematic integration of plasma substrate activation and cationic interface anchoring promoter natural air drying chemical anchoring technology. Active groups are introduced into the surface of polyester fibers, and through gradual unsealing and cross-linking during the natural air drying process, the functional layer is chemically anchored to the fiber surface to form an integrated structure. This design fundamentally solves the industry pain points of weak bonding force and easy wear and fall-off caused by physical adsorption of traditional functional layers. This allows the fabric to maintain a high level of stain resistance and antistatic performance after tens of thousands of Martindale frictions, demonstrating excellent wear resistance and durability.

[0025] (3) At the same time, by selecting components with consistent ionic properties to construct a compatible system, the uniform coating of the finishing agent and the synergistic stability of each functional layer are ensured, avoiding the system coagulation problem caused by the mismatch of ionic properties of traditional general-purpose crosslinking agents. In addition, the present invention uses natural air drying process instead of traditional high-temperature baking, which not only reduces process energy consumption and production costs, but also effectively preserves the original soft hand feel of polyester fabric, achieving a unity of high performance and comfortable experience.

[0026] (4) Applying this fabric to high-speed rail seats can significantly improve the seats’ stain resistance, ease of cleaning and long-term durability, effectively reduce static dust and stain residue, reduce seat maintenance costs, and has important value for improving the interior quality of high-speed rail and passenger riding experience. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a stain-resistant fabric, a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat, and a method for preparing the stain-resistant fabric, thereby resolving the issues raised in the background section.

[0029] Experimental materials and equipment (a) Experimental materials Polyester fabrics: Double-knitted polyester fabric (220 threads / 10cm, 350g / ㎡), sandwich mesh polyester fabric (210 threads / 10cm, 320g / ㎡), commercially available; Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS): Analytical grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; pH adjusters: glacial acetic acid, citric acid, analytical grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; Fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion: RH-NB-SF68A, weakly cationic, 30% solid content, Ningbo Runhe High-Tech Materials Co., Ltd.; Octadecanic acid: analytical grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; Free radical initiators: ammonium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), analytical grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Organophosphorus nitrogen flame retardant: RUCO-FLAM NMP, weakly cationic, pH 3.5, Rudolf group; Antistatic agent: Ethoxylated alkylamines, weakly cationic, 50% solid content, commercially available (e.g., Clariant Hostastat series). Cationic interface anchoring promoter: BL-8149 (cationic blocked isocyanate), Guangzhou Guanzhi New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; Deionized water: homemade in the laboratory.

[0030] (II) Experimental Equipment High-speed mixer: JJ-1, Jintan Kexi Instrument Co., Ltd., speed 0-800rpm; Ultrasonic cell disruptor: JY92-IIN, Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., power 0-1800W, frequency 10-25kHz; Plasma treatment device: PT-1000, Suzhou Pules Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., power 0-1000W; Martindale abrasion tester: YG(B)401E, Wenzhou Fangyuan Instrument Co., Ltd.; Contact angle measuring instrument: DSA30, Krüger GmbH, Germany; Horizontal Combustion Tester: CZF-3, Nanjing Jionglei Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.; Surface resistivity tester: ST-2683, Beijing Beike Huizhi Technology Co., Ltd.; Electronic balance: FA2004, Shanghai Jingke Tianmei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., accuracy 0.1mg; Aging test chamber: QLH-100, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of double-knitted polyester stain-resistant fabric Preparation of organosilicon prepolymer: Take 50g of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 300g of deionized water into a beaker, add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.0, and stir the hydrolysis reaction at 300rpm at 30℃ for 45min until the reaction solution changes from layered to transparent and homogeneous to obtain organosilicon prepolymer. Preparation of hybrid antifouling agent: 250g of RH-NB-SF68A fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion, 6g of octadecanoic acid and 0.75g of ammonium persulfate (0.3% of the solid content of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion) were added to the above organosilicon prepolymer, the temperature was raised to 45℃, and the mixture was stirred at 350rpm for 75min to obtain the hybrid antifouling agent; Preparation of composite finishing agent: Take 80g of the above hybrid antifouling agent, 300g of RUCO-FLAM NMP flame retardant, 20g of ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agent, and 15g of cationic interface anchoring accelerator BL-8149, add them to 1L of deionized water, and stir at 250rpm for 25min to obtain a homogeneous and stable composite finishing agent (hybrid antifouling agent concentration 80g / L, flame retardant concentration 300g / L, antistatic agent concentration 20g / L, interface anchoring accelerator concentration 15g / L). Fabric pretreatment: Place the double-knitted polyester fabric (220 threads / 10cm, 350g / ㎡) into the plasma treatment instrument, set the treatment power to 400W and the treatment time to 45s, introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the fiber surface to complete the surface pretreatment. Coating treatment: Filtration: The composite finishing agent is naturally filtered through the pretreated double-knitted polyester fabric to remove agglomerated particles, and the filtrate is collected. Ultrasonic dispersion: Pour the filtrate into an ultrasonic cell disruptor, set the power to 1000W and the frequency to 20kHz, and sonicate for 6 minutes to obtain a homogeneous emulsion; Immersion: The pre-treated polyester fabric is completely immersed in the ultrasonically treated emulsion to ensure thorough immersion. Drying and shaping: Take out the soaked fabric and air dry it naturally in an environment with a room temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 60%. During the natural air drying process, BL-8149 is gradually unsealed and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the surface active groups of the fiber, chemically anchoring the functional layer to the fiber surface to obtain a double-sided knitted polyester stain-resistant fabric.

[0032] Example 2: Preparation of sandwich mesh polyester stain-resistant fabric Preparation of organosilicon prepolymer: Take 40g of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 200g of deionized water into a beaker, add citric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5, and stir the hydrolysis reaction at 250rpm at 25℃ for 30min until the reaction solution changes from layered to transparent and homogeneous to obtain organosilicon prepolymer. Preparation of hybrid antifouling agent: 200g of RH-NB-SF68A fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion, 4.8g of octadecanoic acid and 0.2g of azobisisobutyronitrile (0.1% of the solid content of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion) were added to the above organosilicon prepolymer, the temperature was raised to 40℃, and the mixture was stirred at 300rpm for 60min to obtain the hybrid antifouling agent; Preparation of composite finishing agent: Take 60g of the above hybrid antifouling agent, 200g of RUCO-FLAM NMP flame retardant, 10g of ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agent, and 5g of cationic interface anchoring accelerator BL-8149, add them to 1L of deionized water, and stir at 200rpm for 20min to obtain the composite finishing agent (hybrid antifouling agent concentration 60g / L, flame retardant concentration 200g / L, antistatic agent concentration 10g / L, interface anchoring accelerator concentration 5g / L). Fabric pretreatment: Place the sandwich mesh polyester fabric (210 threads / 10cm, 320g / ㎡) into the plasma treatment instrument, set the treatment power to 300W and the treatment time to 30s, introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the fiber surface to complete the surface pretreatment. Coating treatment: Filtration: The composite finishing agent is naturally filtered through the pretreated sandwich mesh polyester fabric described above, and the filtrate is collected. Ultrasonic dispersion: Pour the filtrate into an ultrasonic cell disruptor, set the power to 800W and the frequency to 18kHz, and sonicate for 8 minutes to obtain a homogeneous emulsion; Immersion: The pre-treated polyester fabric is completely immersed in the ultrasonically treated emulsion to ensure thorough immersion. Drying and shaping: Take out the soaked fabric and air dry it naturally in an environment with a room temperature of 23℃ and a humidity of 55% to complete the chemical anchoring of the functional layer and the fiber, and obtain the sandwich mesh polyester stain-resistant fabric.

[0033] Example 3: Preparation of stain-resistant fabric using high-concentration composite finishing agent Preparation of organosilicon prepolymer: Take 60g of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 600g of deionized water into a beaker, add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, and stir the hydrolysis reaction at 350rpm at 35℃ for 60min until the reaction solution changes from layered to transparent and homogeneous to obtain organosilicon prepolymer. Preparation of hybrid antifouling agent: 480g of RH-NB-SF68A fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion, 16.8g of octadecanoic acid and 2.4g of ammonium persulfate (0.5% of the solid content of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion) were added to the above organosilicon prepolymer, the temperature was raised to 50℃, and the mixture was stirred at 400rpm for 90min to obtain the hybrid antifouling agent; Preparation of composite finishing agent: Take 100g of the above hybrid antifouling agent, 400g of RUCO-FLAM NMP flame retardant, 30g of ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agent, and 20g of cationic interface anchoring accelerator BL-8149, add them to 1L of deionized water, and stir at 300rpm for 30min to obtain the composite finishing agent (hybrid antifouling agent concentration 100g / L, flame retardant concentration 400g / L, antistatic agent concentration 30g / L, interface anchoring accelerator concentration 20g / L); Fabric pretreatment: Place the double-knitted polyester fabric (220 threads / 10cm, 350g / ㎡) into the plasma treatment instrument, set the treatment power to 500W and the treatment time to 60s, introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the fiber surface to complete the surface pretreatment. Coating treatment: Filtration: The composite finishing agent is naturally filtered through the pretreated double-knitted polyester fabric, and the filtrate is collected. Ultrasonic dispersion: Pour the filtrate into an ultrasonic cell disruptor, set the power to 1200W and the frequency to 22kHz, and sonicate for 5 minutes to obtain a homogeneous emulsion; Immersion: The pre-treated polyester fabric is completely immersed in the ultrasonically treated emulsion to ensure thorough immersion. Drying and shaping: The soaked fabric is taken out and air-dried naturally in an environment with a room temperature of 26°C and a humidity of 50% to complete the chemical anchoring of the functional layer and the fiber, resulting in a stain-resistant fabric modified with a high concentration of finishing agent.

[0034] Example 4: Preparation of anti-fouling fabric for high-speed rail seats The double-sided knitted polyester anti-fouling fabric obtained in Example 1 was selected, and cut and sewn according to the standard pattern of high-speed rail seat cover to obtain an anti-fouling, flame-retardant, and antistatic cover. Water-based environmentally friendly adhesive is evenly coated on the inside of the above-mentioned face mask, and a 4mm thick high-elasticity polyurethane sponge layer is attached. After pressing, it is left to stand for 24 hours to allow the adhesive layer to fully cure. The foam-coated cover is wrapped around the surface of the high-speed rail seat body (polyurethane foam frame + metal support structure) and fixed with buckles, elastic straps and Velcro to ensure that the cover fits tightly and without wrinkles, resulting in a stain-resistant fabric high-speed rail seat.

[0035] Comparative Example 1: Fabric preparation without plasma pretreatment Except for the omission of the plasma pretreatment step in step 4), and the absence of active groups on the fiber surface that prevent chemical cross-linking, the raw materials, proportions, and processes are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 2: Fabric Preparation without Cationic Interface Anchoring Promoter Except for step 3), in which the cationic interface anchoring promoter BL-8149 was not added and the functional layer was only attached to the fiber surface by physical adsorption, the other raw materials, proportions and processes were exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3: Fabric preparation using a nonionic crosslinking agent instead of an interfacial anchoring accelerator Except for step 3), in which the cationic interface anchoring promoter BL-8149 was replaced with an equal concentration of nonionic crosslinking agent, resulting in slight aggregation due to ionic mismatch in the system, the other raw materials, proportions, and processes are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 4: Fabric Preparation by Traditional High-Temperature Baking and Drying Except for step 6), in which baking in a 150°C oven for 10 minutes is used instead of natural air drying, the high temperature causes the fabric to harden and the interface anchoring accelerator to deseal and crosslink unevenly, the other raw materials, proportions and processes are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Performance Testing and Results Analysis (a) Testing Standards Ethanol resistance rating: GB / T 24120-2009; Oil repellency rating: GB / T 19977-2005; Water resistance rating: GB / T 4745-2012; Martindale wear-resistant: ISO 12947-1:2016, pressure 12KPa, 35000 cycles; Surface resistivity: GB / T 1410-2006; Flame retardant performance: GB / T 8410-2006, horizontal combustion method; Hand feel evaluation: GB / T 3923.1-2013, hand feel rating (1-5, 5 being the best); Aging performance: GB / T 16422.3-2014 (light aging, 1000h), GB / T 12004.2-2018 (damp heat aging, 500h), performance retention rate after aging; Water contact angle: seated drop method, DSA30 contact angle measuring instrument; Functional layer adhesion: The functional layer residue rate (%) was tested using the tape peeling method.

[0040] (ii) Test results, see Table 1 for details.

[0041] Table 1

[0042] (III) Results Analysis The embodiments of this invention exhibit excellent performance and long-term stability of the functional layer: the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabrics prepared in Examples 1-3 all meet all the performance indicators defined in the claims, with an initial ethanol resistance of level 10, an oil repellency of level 7-8, a water repellency of level 4, and a surface resistivity ≤10. 9 Ω, combustion rate <100mm / min, meeting all core requirements of rail transit interior materials; after 35,000 Martindale friction cycles, the functional layer residue rate is ≥85%, still maintaining high anti-fouling and antistatic performance, and the performance retention rate after aging is ≥85%, with a feel rating of 4-5, achieving a synergistic effect of anti-fouling, wear resistance, flame retardancy, antistatic, and comfort, as well as long-term stability of the functional layer, fully adapting to the harsh working conditions of high-speed rail seats; among them, Example 3 has the best performance due to the use of high-concentration composite finishing agent and high-power plasma pretreatment.

[0043] The synergistic effect of plasma pretreatment and interface anchoring accelerator: Comparative Example 1 omitted plasma pretreatment, and the fiber surface had no active groups. The interface anchoring accelerator could not undergo chemical cross-linking, and the functional layer bonding force decreased significantly. After 35,000 friction cycles, the functional layer residue rate was only 45%, and the antifouling and antistatic performance deteriorated significantly. Comparative Example 2 did not add interface anchoring accelerator, and the functional layer was only attached by physical adsorption. After 35,000 friction cycles, the functional layer residue rate was only 30%, and the antifouling and antistatic performance was almost lost. This proves that the synergistic design of "plasma activation-interface anchoring accelerator cross-linking" is the core to achieve chemical anchoring of the functional layer and improve wear resistance and durability, fundamentally solving the pain point of easy detachment of traditional functional layers.

[0044] The key significance of system compatibility matching with ionic characteristics: Comparative Example 3 uses a non-ionic crosslinking agent to replace the cationic interface anchoring promoter, which is incompatible with the weak cationic characteristics of the system, resulting in slight aggregation of the system, uneven coating of the finishing agent, and significant deterioration of performance both initially and after friction. This proves that the systematic design of using weak cationic components for all functional components in this invention is the key to ensuring the compatibility, coating uniformity and performance stability of the finishing agent, which is different from the simple addition of traditional general-purpose crosslinking agents.

[0045] Advantages of the natural air-drying chemical anchoring process: Comparative Example 4 uses a traditional high-temperature baking process. Although the initial performance is comparable to that of this invention, the high temperature causes the polyester fabric to become fibrous, resulting in a hand feel rating of only 2, making it stiff and brittle. In addition, the rapid desealing of the interface anchoring accelerator causes uneven cross-linking. After 35,000 rubs, the functional layer residue rate is only 75%, and the wear resistance and durability decrease. In contrast, the natural air-drying process of this invention allows the interface anchoring accelerator to gradually deseale and slowly cross-link, resulting in good cross-linking uniformity. This process retains the original soft hand feel of the fabric while ensuring the bonding strength of the functional layer, achieving a balance between low energy consumption, excellent hand feel, and high performance.

[0046] Adaptability of high-speed rail seats: The anti-fouling fabric high-speed rail seat prepared in Example 4 has a cover that fits tightly with the seat body. The sponge layer improves the comfort of the ride. The anti-fouling, wear-resistant, flame-retardant and anti-static properties of the fabric are perfectly matched to the high-frequency, high-pollution and difficult-to-clean usage scenarios of high-speed rail seats. The functional layer can still maintain stable performance after long-term friction, which can effectively reduce stain residue and electrostatic dirt attraction, reduce seat maintenance costs and improve the passenger riding experience.

[0047] in conclusion This invention utilizes a systematic compounding of organosilicon prepolymer grafting, fluorinated hybrid antifouling, and weakly cationic multifunctional components. It combines core innovations such as plasma substrate activation and natural air-drying chemical anchoring with cationic interface anchoring promoters. Coupled with a three-step coating process of filtration, ultrasonic dispersion, and impregnation, it successfully produces antifouling high-speed rail seat fabric. This fabric achieves a synergistic unity of five benefits: high-level antifouling, excellent wear resistance and durability, compliant flame retardancy and antistatic properties, and a pleasant hand feel. Furthermore, the functional layer and polyester substrate form an integrated structure with chemical anchoring. After 35,000 Martindale rubs, the functional layer maintains a high residual rate, demonstrating long-term stable performance. All indicators meet the rail transit-grade requirements for high-speed rail seats.

[0048] The core innovation of this invention is not the use of blocked isocyanates alone, but the systematic integration of cationic interface anchoring promoters with weakly cationic antifouling / flame retardant / antistatic systems, plasma substrate activation, and natural air drying processes to form a complete "activation-anchoring-crosslinking" technical solution. This solves the pain points of traditional modification technologies, such as poor functional layer bonding, easy detachment, complex processes, and poor feel. At the same time, the preparation process of this invention does not require high-temperature baking, the process is simple, the equipment requirements are low, the production cost is controllable, and it is easy to scale up industrial production.

[0049] The anti-fouling fabric for high-speed rail seats made from this material effectively solves the problems of traditional high-speed rail seat fabrics, such as easy soiling, static electricity, poor wear resistance, and easy peeling of functional layers. It has important application value for improving the quality of high-speed rail interiors and promoting the upgrading of rail transit interior materials.

[0050] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a stain-resistant high-speed rail seat fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1): Mix vinyltrimethoxysilane, deionized water and pH adjuster, adjust pH to 3.5-4.5, stir and hydrolyze at 25-35℃ for 30-60 min until the reaction solution changes from layered to transparent and homogeneous, to obtain organosilicon prepolymer; Step 2): Add fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion, octadecanoic acid and free radical initiator to the organosilicon prepolymer obtained in Step 1), and stir the reaction at 40-50℃ for 60-90 min to obtain a hybrid antifouling agent; The fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion is weakly cationic with a solid content of 28-32%; the free radical initiator is ammonium persulfate or azobisisobutyronitrile, and the amount added is 0.1-0.5% of the solid content of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion. Step 3): Mix the hybrid antifouling agent, organophosphorus nitrogen flame retardant, antistatic agent, cationic interface anchoring promoter obtained in Step 2) with deionized water and stir at 200-300 rpm for 20-30 min to obtain a composite finishing agent; In the composite finishing agent, the concentration of the hybrid antifouling agent is 60-100 g / L, the concentration of the flame retardant is 200-400 g / L, the concentration of the antistatic agent is 10-30 g / L, and the concentration of the cationic interface anchoring promoter is 5-20 g / L. Step 4): Plasma treatment is performed on the polyester fabric with a power of 300-500W and a treatment time of 30-60s to introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the surface of the polyester fibers. Step 5): The composite finishing agent is coated onto the surface of the pretreated polyester fabric through a three-step process of filtration, ultrasonic dispersion, and impregnation. Step 6): After immersing the coated polyester fabric for 10-15 seconds, remove it and air dry it naturally. During the natural air drying process, the cationic interface anchoring promoter is gradually unsealed and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the active groups introduced in Step 4), chemically anchoring the hybrid antifouling agent, flame retardant, and antistatic agent onto the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain antifouling high-speed rail seat fabric.

2. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the pH adjuster is glacial acetic acid or citric acid; the mass ratio of vinyltrimethoxysilane to deionized water is 1:5-1:

10.

3. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the mass ratio of the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion to the organosilicon prepolymer is 5-8:1; the amount of octadecanoic acid added is 1-3% of the total mass of the organosilicon prepolymer and the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion.

4. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the ionicity is weakly cationic, and the pH value is 3-4; the antistatic agent is an ethoxylated alkylamine antistatic agent, which is weakly cationic; the cationic interface anchoring promoter, hybrid antifouling agent, organophosphorus nitrogen flame retardant, and antistatic agent are all weakly cationic, forming a compatible system with consistent ionic properties.

5. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step 3), the cationic interface anchoring promoter is a cationic blocked isocyanate, which gradually unblocks and releases isocyanate groups during natural air drying, and undergoes a covalent cross-linking reaction with the hydroxyl and carboxyl active groups on the surface of polyester fibers.

6. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the specific operation of the three-step process of filtration-ultrasonic dispersion-wetting is as follows: Filtration: The composite finishing agent is naturally filtered through the polyester fabric to be treated to remove agglomerated particles and impurities in the system, and the filtrate is collected. Ultrasonic dispersion: The filtrate is placed in an ultrasonic cell disruptor for ultrasonic dispersion treatment. The ultrasonic power is 800-1200W, the frequency is 18-22kHz, and the ultrasonic time is 5-8min to obtain a homogeneous and stable composite finishing agent emulsion. Impregnation: The polyester fabric, which has been pretreated by plasma, is completely immersed in the composite finishing agent emulsion after ultrasonic dispersion to ensure that the fabric is fully impregnated without any dead corners.

7. The method for preparing the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the polyester fabric is a double-knitted polyester fabric or a sandwich mesh polyester fabric with a linear density of ≥200 threads / 10cm and a surface density of ≥300g / ㎡.

8. A stain-resistant high-speed rail seat fabric, characterized in that, It is prepared by any one of the preparation methods according to claims 1-7.

9. A high-speed rail seat made of stain-resistant fabric, characterized in that, It includes a seat body and a cover covering the surface of the seat body, the cover being sewn from the anti-fouling high-speed rail seat fabric as described in claim 8.

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