Deep water base leveling intelligent distribution self-unloading system and construction method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering construction equipment, and relates to an intelligent material placement and self-unloading system and construction method for deep-water bed leveling. It includes a material placement pipe body and a self-unloading tower crane hopper, which achieve collaborative operation through structural adaptation, mechanical parameter matching, and fluid-structure coupling optimization. The material placement pipe body adopts a three-section telescopic design, with a limit-guided adaptive feeding port at the top, and a trumpet-shaped discharge port and scraper plate structure at the bottom optimized through bulk material mechanics models and CFD numerical simulations. The self-unloading tower crane hopper adopts a gear-shaft linkage mechanism and gravity reset design to achieve docking-triggered automatic unloading. This invention is adaptable to different water depths, improving unloading efficiency by over 300%, reducing material spillage rate to ≤5%, achieving leveling accuracy of ±3cm, and reducing safety risks by 80%. It effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional equipment, providing an efficient, precise, and safe construction solution for small and medium-sized deep-water bed leveling projects such as caisson wharves and breakwater foundations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering construction equipment, specifically relating to an intelligent material placement and self-unloading system and construction method for deep-water foundation leveling. It is applicable to deep-water foundation riprap leveling operations in projects such as caisson wharves, underwater pipeline foundations, and breakwater foundations, and is especially suitable for small and medium-sized deep-water projects with water depths of 0-20m. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of deep-water ports, cross-sea channels, and other offshore engineering projects, foundation leveling is a core process to ensure the quality of subsequent structural installation and the durability of the project. Concrete placing booms and unloading equipment are key pieces of equipment determining the efficiency and accuracy of leveling. Currently, the related equipment used in the industry suffers from numerous technical limitations, making it difficult to meet the demands of efficient and intelligent construction. Traditional material placing booms have limitations: they are mostly designed with fixed lengths, making them unsuitable for operations in water depths ranging from 0 to 20 meters, and they have poor adaptability to different locations; the top feeding port lacks a precise docking structure, resulting in a material spillage rate of over 20% when used with the hopper, causing resource waste and marine pollution; the lower discharge port is not optimized in terms of the mechanical properties of bulk materials, and the unreasonable inclination angle causes gravel to slide and scatter inside the pipe, resulting in limited leveling coverage, and the overlapping areas are prone to ridges or bumps, with a leveling accuracy of only ±10cm, which cannot meet high-standard construction requirements. Existing unloading equipment has limitations: the unloading process relies heavily on manual operation to open the hopper. In complex environments with strong winds and waves at sea and swaying work platforms, not only is the unloading efficiency low, with each unloading taking more than 1 minute, but there are also safety hazards such as workers falling from heights and colliding with each other. Some automated unloading devices require additional power to drive, have complex structures and high maintenance costs, and are prone to failure in high-humidity and high-salt marine environments.

[0003] Limitations of existing integrated solutions: The laying systems of lightweight leveling equipment are mostly single-function improvements, failing to achieve deep coupling between mechanical model derivation, numerical simulation analysis, and structural design; while the laying systems of professional leveling vessels have superior performance, the equipment is expensive, with a single vessel costing over 100 million yuan, resulting in high dispatch and maintenance costs. They are also significantly limited by channel depth and operating space, have poor adaptability to small and medium-sized projects with a small number of caissons and shallow water, and have low resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent material placement and self-unloading system and construction method for deep water foundation leveling. Through deep integration of multiple technologies and system optimization, it solves the core pain points of traditional equipment such as poor adaptability, low unloading accuracy, high dependence on manual labor, and serious material waste, and achieves precise docking, efficient unloading, high-quality leveling, and safe and environmentally friendly synergy in deep water foundation leveling operations. This invention discloses an intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling, comprising a material placement pipe body and a self-unloading tower crane hopper, which work together to achieve automated and precise material placement. The main body of the material distribution pipe includes a feeding section, a telescopic pipe section and a discharge section connected in sequence. Each section adopts a standardized interface design, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. The top of the feeding section is provided with an adaptive feeding port, which includes a cylindrical body, a flared mouth, and a limiting guide ring; the limiting guide ring is fixed to the top of the outer side of the flared mouth and is used to guide the self-unloading tower crane hopper to accurately dock. The discharge section has a discharge port at the bottom, which is detachably connected to the telescopic pipe section. Its side wall has an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane, which is suitable for the internal friction angle requirements of 48° in a waterless environment and 45° in an underwater environment for 30-60mm crushed stone. The side wall has multiple spiral water passage holes with a diameter of 50mm evenly distributed. A telescopic scraper plate is provided below, and the bottom is provided with anti-slip teeth. The discharge port is designed based on the bulk material packing balance equation, and the 30° inclination angle of the funnel opening satisfies the following requirements: ,in The angle of inclination of the side wall of the bell mouth. This is the minimum internal friction angle for crushed stone underwater, ensuring that the crushed stone is stably accumulated inside the pipe without slipping; The parameters of the water passage at the horn mouth were determined by CFD numerical simulation optimization. The simulation adopted the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the boundary conditions were set as follows: inlet velocity 1.0 m / s, corresponding to the maximum velocity in the operating sea state, outlet pressure 101325 Pa, and no wall slippage. The calculated water flow impact force was ≤0.5 t / m.

[0005] The telescopic pipe section comprises three retractable and nested chutes, each 8m long, with a total retracted length of 9m (including the pontoon) and an extended length of 21m, suitable for operations in water depths of 0-20m. Wear-resistant steel plates are installed between adjacent chutes. Symmetrical fixing pins and brackets are provided on the outer side of each chute. The fixing pins slide synchronously with the extension and retraction of the chutes, forming a support structure with the brackets when the chutes are extended, and securing them by inserting them into the locking holes of the brackets when retracted. The sliding friction resistance between adjacent chutes satisfies the following requirements: ;in, The coefficient of friction of wear-resistant steel plate, The contact normal pressure of the chute is 0.36 t / m, which is the threshold value of the traction force for the movement of the crushed stone. Based on Hertzian contact theory in elasticity, the contact stress between adjacent pipes satisfies: ;in, The elastic modulus of the chute material. For contact width, For contact length, This represents the allowable stress of the chute material.

[0006] The self-unloading tower crane hopper includes a frustum-shaped hopper body, a discharge port sealing plate, a linkage mechanism, a pressure rod, and lifting lugs. The discharge port sealing plate is connected to the bottom of the hopper body through the linkage mechanism, which includes a gear assembly, a drive shaft, and a high-precision bearing. The pressure rod is welded to the gear assembly of the linkage mechanism. When the hopper docks with the feeding port, the pressure rod contacts and is pressed against the limit guide ring, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate. After unloading, the plate is gravity-reset and closed.

[0007] The adaptive feeding port has a limiting guide ring on the outside of its flared opening. The limiting guide ring is adapted to the discharge port of the hopper to form a docking structure.

[0008] The sidewall of the flared opening has multiple 50mm diameter water passage holes, which are evenly distributed in a spiral pattern, and the water flow resistance coefficient satisfies the following: ; through fluid dynamics equations ;in, The density of seawater, For water flow velocity, The total area of ​​the water passage is determined to ensure that the impact force of the water flow is ≤0.5t / m.

[0009] The self-unloading tower crane hopper has four symmetrically distributed support columns on its side wall. The bottom of each support column is fitted with anti-slip rubber pads. The lifting lugs have a U-shaped structure and an openable safety buckle at the opening. The support column stability meets the following requirements: ;in, The total weight of the hopper. The ground slope angle, The coefficient of friction for anti-slip rubber pads; Based on the static equilibrium condition, the stability of the hopper under wind and wave loads satisfies: ;in, To resist overturning moment, For overturning moment, This is for the safety factor.

[0010] The feeding tube also includes a buoy and a GPS positioning device. The buoy is fixed to the outside of the feeding section and is a sealed cavity structure. Its buoyancy and the total weight of the telescopic tube section after it is deployed satisfy Archimedes' principle. ;in, The volume of water displaced by the pontoon. The GPS positioning device is installed on the operating platform on the top surface of the pontoon, with a positioning accuracy of ≤1.5m, to represent the total weight of the chute after it is deployed. The structural strength of the pontoon is based on thin-plate theory and satisfies: ;in, For wind and wave load strength, The side length of the floating box panel. For panel bending stiffness, The material's Poisson's ratio.

[0011] The retractable scraper plate has a length of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 0.8-1.0m. It is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plate and has anti-slip serrations on the bottom. The scraping resistance meets the following requirements: ;in, For the shear strength of crushed stone, The contact area of ​​the scraper plate; based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion of the shear strength of the bulk material: ;in, For the cohesive force of crushed stone, For normal stress, It is the internal friction angle of the gravel.

[0012] The construction method using the aforementioned intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water subgrade leveling includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Deployment: The retracted fabric tube is hoisted to the deck of the work vessel by a crane. After the bracket limit is released, it is slowly lowered into the water. The buoyancy of the pontoon causes the telescopic tube section to automatically unfold. The GPS positioning device is activated and transmits real-time location data. The operator adjusts the equipment position to the predetermined work area through the central control system. S2. Precise docking: Start the tower crane to hoist the self-unloading tower crane hopper, load 2.5m of 30-60mm crushed stone, and guide it with GPS positioning and limit guide ring to slowly insert the hopper outlet into the adaptive feeding port; S3. Automatic unloading: During the descent of the hopper, the pressure bar contacts the limit guide ring and is compressed, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate, satisfying the torque balance equation. Under the action of gravity, the material is transported to the horn mouth through the feeding port and telescopic pipe section. The 30° inclination angle guides the material to be evenly spread, conforming to the bulk material accumulation model. The telescopic scraper plate completes the leveling operation simultaneously. The single unloading time is 15 seconds, and the leveling coverage area is 1.38×0.8m. S4. Operation Adjustment: Based on GPS positioning data and leveling test results, adjust the contact angle of the scraper plate to 15° through the angle adjustment mechanism to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic pipe section to adapt to different water depths and ensure leveling accuracy. S5. Equipment Recovery: After the operation of a single caisson foundation bed is completed, the material placing pipe is lifted by a crane. The telescopic pipe section automatically retracts under gravity, and the fixing pin is inserted into the locking hole of the bracket to achieve fixation. During the lifting process, the discharge port sealing plate of the self-unloading tower crane hopper automatically resets and closes, and is transferred to the stone stacking area for reloading, and enters the next operation cycle.

[0013] This invention provides a set of material distribution pipes and supporting self-unloading systems based on the mechanical model of bulk materials, CFD numerical simulation and deep coupling optimization of structural parameters. It is highly adaptable, highly automated, safe and reliable and cost-controllable, thus meeting the key needs of breaking through the technical bottleneck of the industry and promoting the intelligent transformation of offshore construction. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A front view of the overall structure of the material distribution pipe and its supporting self-unloading system; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric tube structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded state of the fabric tube; Figure 4 Top view of the self-unloading hopper structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the self-unloading system; In the diagram: 1. Float; 2. First chute section; 3. Second chute section; 4. Third chute section; 5. Fixing pin; 6. Bracket; 7. Adaptive feed port; 8. GPS positioning device; 9. Fabric feeder head; 10. Limiting guide ring; 11. Frustum-shaped hopper body; 12. Discharge port; 13. Discharge port sealing plate; 14. Gear assembly; 15. Drive shaft; 16. Pressure rod; 17. Support column; 18. Lifting lug. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a deep-water bed leveling intelligent material placement and self-unloading system includes a material placement pipe body and a self-unloading tower crane hopper, which work together to achieve automated and precise material placement; The main body of the material distribution pipe includes a feeding section, a telescopic pipe section and a discharge section connected in sequence. Each section adopts a standardized interface design, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. The top of the feeding section is provided with an adaptive feeding port 7, which includes a cylindrical body, a flared mouth, and a limiting guide ring 10. The limiting guide ring 10 is fixed to the top of the outer side of the flared mouth and is used to guide the self-unloading tower crane hopper to accurately dock. The discharge section has a discharge port 12 at the bottom, which is detachably connected to the telescopic pipe section. Its side wall has an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane, which is suitable for the internal friction angle requirements of 48° in a waterless environment and 45° in an underwater environment for 30-60mm crushed stone. The side wall has multiple spiral water passage holes with a diameter of 50mm evenly distributed. The bottom has a telescopic scraper plate with a length of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 0.8-1.0m, and the bottom has anti-slip teeth. The discharge port 12 is designed based on the bulk material packing balance equation, and the 30° inclination angle of the funnel opening satisfies the following: ,in The angle of inclination of the side wall of the bell mouth. This is the minimum internal friction angle for crushed stone underwater, ensuring that the crushed stone is stably accumulated inside the pipe without slipping; The parameters of the water passage at the horn mouth were determined by CFD numerical simulation optimization. The simulation adopted the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the boundary conditions were set as follows: inlet velocity 1.0 m / s, corresponding to the maximum velocity in the operating sea state, outlet pressure 101325 Pa, and no wall slippage. The calculated water flow impact force was ≤0.5 t / m.

[0018] The telescopic pipe section comprises three retractable and nested chutes, each 8m long, with a total retracted length of 9m (including the pontoon) and a total extended length of 21m, suitable for operations in water depths of 0-20m. Wear-resistant steel plates are installed between adjacent chutes. Fixing pins 5 and brackets 6 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of each chute. The fixing pins 5 slide synchronously with the extension and retraction of the chutes, forming a support structure with the brackets 6 when the chutes are extended, and being fixed by inserting into the locking holes of the brackets 6 when retracted. The sliding friction resistance between adjacent chutes satisfies the following requirements: ;in, The coefficient of friction of wear-resistant steel plate, The contact normal pressure of the chute is 0.36 t / m, which is the threshold value of the traction force for the movement of the crushed stone. Based on Hertzian contact theory in elasticity, the contact stress between adjacent pipes satisfies: ;in, The elastic modulus of the chute material. For contact width, For contact length, This represents the allowable stress of the chute material.

[0019] The self-unloading tower crane hopper includes a frustum-shaped hopper body 11, a discharge port sealing plate 13, a linkage mechanism, a pressure rod 16, and a lifting lug 18. The discharge port sealing plate 13 is connected to the bottom of the frustum-shaped hopper body 11 through the linkage mechanism. The linkage mechanism includes a gear assembly 14, a transmission shaft 15, and a high-precision bearing. The pressure rod 16 is welded to the gear assembly 14 of the linkage mechanism. When the hopper docks with the feeding port, the pressure rod 16 contacts and is pressed against the limiting guide ring 10, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate 13. After unloading, it is gravity-reset and closed.

[0020] The adaptive feeding port 7 has a limiting guide ring 10 on the outside of the flared opening. The limiting guide ring 10 is adapted to the discharge port 12 of the hopper to form a docking structure.

[0021] The sidewall of the flared opening has multiple 50mm diameter water passage holes, which are evenly distributed in a spiral pattern, and the water flow resistance coefficient satisfies the following: ; through fluid dynamics equations ;in, The density of seawater, For water flow velocity, The total area of ​​the water passage is determined to ensure that the impact force of the water flow is ≤0.5t / m.

[0022] The hopper body of the self-unloading tower crane has four symmetrically distributed support columns 17 on its side wall. The bottom of the support column 17 is equipped with anti-slip rubber pads. The lifting lug 18 adopts a U-shaped structure and has an openable and closable safety buckle at the opening. The support stability of the pillar meets the following requirements: ;in, The total weight of the hopper. The ground slope angle, The coefficient of friction for anti-slip rubber pads; Based on the static equilibrium condition, the stability of the hopper under wind and wave loads satisfies: ;in, To resist overturning moment, For overturning moment, This is for the safety factor.

[0023] The feeding tube also includes a float box 1 and a GPS positioning device 8. The float box 1 is fixed to the outside of the feeding section and is a sealed cavity structure. Its buoyancy and the total weight of the telescopic tube section after it is deployed satisfy Archimedes' principle. ;in, The volume of water displaced by the pontoon. The GPS positioning device 8 is installed on the operating platform on the top surface of the pontoon 1 to measure the total weight after the chute is deployed. The positioning accuracy is ≤1.5m. The structural strength of pontoon 1 is based on thin plate theory and satisfies: ;in, For wind and wave load strength, The side length of the floating box panel. For panel bending stiffness, The material's Poisson's ratio.

[0024] The retractable scraper plate has a length of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 0.8-1.0m. It is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plate and has anti-slip serrations on the bottom. The scraping resistance meets the following requirements: ;in, For the shear strength of crushed stone, This refers to the contact area of ​​the scraper plate. Mohr-Coulomb criterion based on shear strength of bulk materials: ;in, For the cohesive force of crushed stone, For normal stress, It is the internal friction angle of the gravel.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] In this embodiment, the material placement pipe and its supporting self-unloading system are applied to a deep-water foundation leveling project for a small caisson wharf. The project consists of 12 caisson foundations with a bottom size of 15×12m. The operating water depth is 8-15m, the foundation is made of 30-60mm gravel, and the operating environment is characterized by wind force ≤6, wave height ≤1.0m, and current velocity ≤1.0m / s.

[0027] 1. Equipment parameters The main body of the feeding pipe: adaptive feed port 7 with an inner diameter of 600mm; the total length of the telescopic pipe section when unfolded is 21m, and the frictional resistance between adjacent chutes is 0.32t / m; the inclination angle of the bell mouth is 30°, the number of water passage holes is 12, and the spiral distribution angle is 30°; the telescopic scraper plate is 1.8m long and 0.9m wide, with a scraping resistance of 0.45t / m; the float box 1 has dimensions of 2m×2m×1.5m and a buoyancy of ≥8t; the GPS positioning accuracy is 1.2m.

[0028] Self-unloading tower crane hopper: upper diameter 2000mm, lower diameter 600mm, volume 3m³; linkage mechanism bearing friction torque 0.5N・m, pressure rod 16 trigger torque 1.2N・m; support column 17 anti-slip rubber pad friction coefficient 0.6, anti-overturning safety factor ≥1.5.

[0029] 2. Work Process Equipment deployment: The retracted fabric delivery pipe is hoisted to the deck of the work vessel by a crane. After the bracket limit is released, it is slowly lowered into the water. The buoyancy of the pontoon causes the telescopic pipe section to automatically unfold. The GPS positioning device 8 is activated and transmits real-time location data. The operator adjusts the equipment position to the predetermined work area through the central control system.

[0030] Precise docking: Start the tower crane to lift the self-unloading tower crane hopper (loaded with 2.5m³ of 30-60mm crushed stone). Guided by GPS positioning and limit guide ring 10, the hopper outlet 12 is aligned with the adaptive feeding port 7 and slowly inserted.

[0031] Automatic unloading: During the descent of the hopper, the pressure rod 16 contacts the limit guide ring 10 and is pressed, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate 13 (satisfying the torque balance equation). Under the action of gravity, the material is transported to the horn mouth through the feeding port and the telescopic pipe section. The material is guided to be evenly spread at a 30° inclination angle (conforming to the bulk material accumulation model). The telescopic scraper plate completes the leveling operation simultaneously. The unloading time is 15 seconds, and the leveling coverage area is 1.38×0.8m.

[0032] Operation adjustment: Based on GPS positioning data and leveling test results, the contact angle of the scraper plate is adjusted to 15° through the angle adjustment mechanism to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic pipe section to adapt to different water depths and ensure leveling accuracy.

[0033] Equipment recovery: After the single caisson foundation bed operation is completed, the material placing pipe is lifted by a crane. The telescopic pipe section automatically retracts under gravity, and the fixing pin 5 is inserted into the locking hole of the bracket 6 to achieve fixation. During the lifting process, the discharge port sealing plate 13 of the self-unloading tower crane hopper automatically resets and closes, and is transferred to the stone stacking area for reloading, entering the next operation cycle. Implementation effect

[0034] The leveling of all 12 caisson foundation beds in this project was completed using this system, with a leveling accuracy of ±2.5cm and a flatness qualification rate of 96%. The operation time per caisson was reduced to 3.5 hours, which is more than 300% more efficient than traditional equipment. The material spillage rate was 4.2%, which is 75% less than traditional equipment. The operation process does not require manual underwater operation or high-altitude unloading control, the accident rate is 0, and the overall cost per caisson is reduced by 18%, achieving significant economic, safety and social benefits.

[0035] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the core technology of this invention, the structure and parameters of each component can be appropriately adjusted. All technical improvements based on this invention fall within the protection scope of this invention. For example, replacing the GPS positioning device with a Beidou RTK positioning module to improve positioning accuracy, or optimizing the horn-mouth tilt angle to adapt to gravel of different particle sizes, all fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A deep-water bed leveling intelligent material placement and self-unloading system, characterized in that, It includes the main body of the material placing pipe and the hopper of the self-unloading tower crane, which work together to achieve automated and precise material placement; The main body of the material distribution pipe includes a feeding section, a telescopic pipe section and a discharge section connected in sequence. Each section adopts a standardized interface design, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. The top of the feeding section is provided with an adaptive feeding port, which includes a cylindrical body, a flared mouth, and a limiting guide ring; the limiting guide ring is fixed to the top of the outer side of the flared mouth and is used to guide the self-unloading tower crane hopper to accurately dock. The discharge section has a discharge port at the bottom, which is detachably connected to the telescopic pipe section. Its side wall has an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane, which is suitable for the internal friction angle requirements of 48° in a waterless environment and 45° in an underwater environment for 30-60mm crushed stone. The side wall has multiple spiral water passage holes with a diameter of 50mm evenly distributed. A telescopic scraper plate is provided below, and the bottom is provided with anti-slip teeth. The discharge port is designed based on the bulk material packing balance equation, and the 30° inclination angle of the funnel opening satisfies the following requirements: ,in The angle of inclination of the side wall of the bell mouth. This is the minimum internal friction angle for crushed stone underwater, ensuring that the crushed stone is stably accumulated inside the pipe without slipping; The parameters of the water passage at the horn mouth were determined by CFD numerical simulation. The simulation adopted the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the boundary conditions were set as follows: inlet velocity 1.0 m / s, corresponding to the maximum velocity in the operating sea state, outlet pressure 101325 Pa, and no wall slippage. The calculated water flow impact force was ≤0.5 t / m.

2. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic pipe section comprises three retractable and nested chute sections, each 8m long, with a total retracted length of 9m and an extended length of 21m, suitable for operations in water depths of 0-20m. Wear-resistant steel plates are installed between adjacent chute sections. Symmetrical fixing pins and brackets are provided on the outer sides of each chute. The fixing pins slide synchronously with the extension and retraction of the chute, forming a support structure with the brackets when the chute is extended, and being fixed by inserting into the locking holes of the brackets when retracted. The sliding friction resistance between adjacent chute sections satisfies the following requirements: ;in, The coefficient of friction of wear-resistant steel plate, The contact normal pressure of the chute is 0.36 t / m, which is the threshold value of the traction force for the movement of the crushed stone. Based on Hertzian contact theory in elasticity, the contact stress between adjacent pipes satisfies: ;in, The elastic modulus of the chute material. For contact width, For contact length, This represents the allowable stress of the chute material.

3. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-unloading tower crane hopper includes a frustum-shaped hopper body, a discharge port sealing plate, a linkage mechanism, a pressure rod, and lifting lugs. The lifting lugs have a U-shaped structure and an openable safety buckle at the opening. The discharge port sealing plate is connected to the bottom of the hopper body through the linkage mechanism, which includes a gear assembly, a drive shaft, and a high-precision bearing. The pressure rod is welded to the gear assembly of the linkage mechanism. When the hopper docks with the feeding port, the pressure rod contacts and is pressed against the limit guide ring, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate. After unloading, the plate is gravity-reset and closed.

4. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive feeding port has a limiting guide ring on the outside of its flared opening. The limiting guide ring is adapted to the discharge port of the hopper to form a docking structure.

5. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall of the flared opening has multiple 50mm diameter water passage holes, which are evenly distributed in a spiral pattern, and the water flow resistance coefficient satisfies the following: ; Through fluid dynamics equations ;in, The density of seawater, For water flow velocity, The total area of ​​the water passage is determined to ensure that the impact force of the water flow is ≤0.5t / m.

6. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hopper body has four symmetrically distributed support pillars on its side wall. The bottom of each support pillar is equipped with an anti-slip rubber pad, and the support pillars provide stability. ;in, The total weight of the hopper. The ground slope angle, The coefficient of friction for anti-slip rubber pads; Based on the static equilibrium condition, the stability of the hopper under wind and wave loads satisfies: ;in, To resist overturning moment, For overturning moment, This is for the safety factor.

7. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding tube also includes a buoy and a GPS positioning device. The buoy is fixed to the outside of the feeding section and is a sealed cavity structure. Its buoyancy and the total weight of the telescopic tube section after it is deployed satisfy Archimedes' principle. ;in, The volume of water displaced by the pontoon. The GPS positioning device is installed on the operating platform on the top surface of the pontoon, with a positioning accuracy of ≤1.5m, to represent the total weight of the chute after it is deployed. The structural strength of the pontoon is based on thin-plate theory and satisfies: ;in, For wind and wave load strength, The side length of the floating box panel. For panel bending stiffness, The material's Poisson's ratio.

8. The intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water bed leveling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retractable scraper plate has a length of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 0.8-1.0m. It is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plate and has anti-slip serrations on the bottom. The scraping resistance meets the following requirements: ;in, For the shear strength of crushed stone, This refers to the contact area of ​​the scraper plate. Mohr-Coulomb criterion based on shear strength of bulk materials: ;in, For the cohesive force of crushed stone, For normal stress, Internal friction angle of gravel.

9. A construction method using the intelligent material placement and self-unloading system for deep-water subgrade leveling as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Deployment: The retracted fabric tube is hoisted to the deck of the work vessel by a crane. After the bracket limit is released, it is slowly lowered into the water. The buoyancy of the pontoon causes the telescopic tube section to automatically unfold. The GPS positioning device is activated and transmits real-time location data. S2. Precise Connection: Start the tower crane to hoist the self-unloading tower crane hopper, loading 2.5m of 30-60mm crushed stone. 3 Guided by GPS positioning and limit guide ring, the hopper outlet is aligned with the feed inlet and slowly inserted. S3. Automatic unloading: During the descent of the hopper, the pressure bar contacts the limit guide ring and is compressed, driving the linkage mechanism to open the discharge port sealing plate, satisfying the torque balance equation. Under the action of gravity, the material is transported to the horn mouth through the feeding port and telescopic pipe section. The 30° inclination angle guides the material to be evenly spread, conforming to the bulk material accumulation model. The telescopic scraper plate completes the leveling operation simultaneously. The single unloading time is 15 seconds, and the leveling coverage area is 1.38×0.8m. S4. Operation Adjustment: Based on GPS positioning data and leveling test results, control the expansion and contraction of the telescopic pipe section to adapt to different water depths to ensure leveling accuracy. S5. Equipment Recovery: After the operation of a single caisson foundation bed is completed, the material placing pipe is lifted by a crane. The telescopic pipe section automatically retracts under gravity, and the fixing pin is inserted into the locking hole of the bracket to achieve fixation. During the lifting process, the discharge port sealing plate of the self-unloading tower crane hopper automatically resets and closes, and is transferred to the stone stacking area for reloading, and enters the next operation cycle.

Images