Tunnel secondary lining construction method based on intelligent trolley system

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel secondary lining construction technology, specifically relating to a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system. The method includes installing top formwork, side formwork, and end formwork after the trolley is positioned; installing an arch pressure sensor, grouting pipe, void detection module, height detection module, and vibrator; simultaneously pumping concrete to both sides through the material placement windows; symmetrically pouring layer by layer from bottom to top; controlling the height difference between the two sides of the concrete to not exceed a preset height threshold; and simultaneously pouring and compacting to improve the efficiency and quality of side formwork pouring. Concrete is pumped to the arch through the grouting port of the top formwork. The arch vibration parameters are controlled based on the pump pipe pressure and the arch concrete pressure to improve the uniformity and strength of the arch concrete. The pumping speed of the grouting mechanism is controlled based on the concrete slump height and the arch concrete pressure to adapt to the arch pouring state. The pumping speed of the material placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism is controlled based on the trolley's settlement deformation to prevent trolley instability accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel secondary lining construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economic construction, the quality control of tunnel secondary lining construction is becoming more and more important. In the process of tunnel secondary lining construction, there are often diseases such as back void, insufficient thickness, non-dense concrete, missing reinforcement and cracks. Since the concrete pouring state does not have the visual construction characteristics, the above diseases are difficult to be completely cured, which directly affects the density, strength and overall safety of the secondary lining structure. In addition, the pouring height on both sides of the side wall is not symmetrical, which leads to template deviation, uneven arch pouring speed and easy overpressure slurry leakage.

[0003] The grouting operation in the prior art completely depends on the experience judgment of construction personnel, and the operation habits of different construction personnel are quite different, resulting in uneven construction quality. Moreover, the operation data in the construction process is not effectively recorded, and once quality problems occur, it is difficult to trace the causes and timely rectify. In addition, in the process of arch pouring, the concrete pumping pressure needs to be accurately controlled according to the concrete slump height to avoid safety accidents caused by large template deviation and trolley sinking deformation. In addition, in order to solve the problem of non-dense concrete, an insert vibrator and an attached vibrator are usually used to vibrate and compact the concrete in the secondary lining. However, the vibration operation lacks unified standards and process monitoring, and over-vibration or under-vibration may occur.

[0004] Therefore, the technical personnel in the field urgently need to improve the existing tunnel secondary lining construction method to improve the secondary lining construction quality. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the application provides a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system, which can standardize the construction process, improve the secondary lining concrete pouring quality and reduce the safety risk.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: moving the trolley to the position and sequentially completing the installation of the top formwork, the side formwork and the end formwork;

[0008] S2: installing an arch top pressure sensor on the top formwork and pre-burying a grouting pipe, installing a void detection module at the top end of the grouting pipe, and installing a height detection module on the end formwork;

[0009] S3: setting an insert vibrator at the material distribution window of the side formwork and setting an attached vibrator in the vibration blind area of the insert vibrator;

[0010] S4: Side formwork pouring, the concrete placing mechanism simultaneously pumps concrete to both sides of the placing window, pouring symmetrically layer by layer from bottom to top;

[0011] S41: The height of the concrete on both sides is collected by the height detection module, and the difference in concrete height on both sides is controlled not to exceed the preset height threshold.

[0012] S42: Pour and tamp the concrete layer by layer to compact it;

[0013] S5: Top formwork pouring. The concrete placing mechanism pumps concrete into the arch through the grouting port of the top formwork until grout overflows from the top of all the grouting pipes, at which point the pouring is complete.

[0014] S51: The pump pipe pressure is collected by the grouting pressure sensor, the arch crown concrete pressure is collected by the arch crown pressure sensor, and the arch crown vibration parameters are controlled according to the pump pipe pressure and the arch crown concrete pressure.

[0015] S6: Grouting with mold, the grouting mechanism pumps grout into the void area of ​​the arch through the grouting pipe;

[0016] S61: The concrete slump height is collected by the void detection module, and the pumping speed of the grouting mechanism is controlled by combining the concrete pressure at the top of the arch.

[0017] S7: Deformation monitoring, which collects the amount of trolley sinking deformation in real time through the radar ranging module, and controls the pumping speed of the material placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism.

[0018] Preferably, in the above scheme, the end template includes several plates that are joined end to end, the height detection module includes liquid level probes and indicator lights, a plurality of liquid level probes are vertically spaced on one side of the plate, and a plurality of indicator lights corresponding to the liquid level probes are provided on the other side. When the concrete submerges any of the liquid level probes, the corresponding indicator light is lit.

[0019] Preferably, in the above scheme, the spacing between two adjacent liquid level probes is configured to be half of the preset height threshold. When the number of indicator lights lit on one side of the trolley is two more than that on the other side, the pumping speed of the fabric feeding mechanism on one side of the trolley is reduced to half of the normal pumping speed. When the number of indicator lights lit on both sides of the trolley is the same, the pumping speed of the fabric feeding mechanism on both sides of the trolley is restored to the normal pumping speed.

[0020] Preferably, in the above scheme, the vibration parameters of the arch include the vibration motor speed and the vibration time. The vibration motor speed is configured in the range of 8000-12000 r / min, and the vibration time is configured in the range of 20-40s.

[0021] Preferably, in the above scheme, step S51 includes: calculating the pumpability index = (pump pipe pressure * weight ratio + arch concrete pressure * (1 - weight ratio)) / standard pressure value, where the weight ratio and standard pressure value are set according to empirical values, and the pumpability index is positively correlated with the speed of the vibrating motor and the vibration time, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, in the above scheme, step S6 includes: the grouting mechanism pumps grout into each grouting pipe in sequence, the grout material is micro-expansion cement grout, and the water-cement ratio of the grout is controlled to be 1:0.18.

[0023] Preferably, in the above scheme, step S61 includes: when the concrete slump height reaches a preset slump threshold, the arch crown concrete pressure reaches a preset first pressure threshold, and the grouting duration reaches 5 seconds, switching to the next grouting pipe to continue grouting; when the concrete slump height exceeds the preset slump threshold, the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset first pressure threshold, but does not exceed the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the pumping speed to slow down to half of the normal pumping speed; when the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the grouting mechanism to stop pumping grout.

[0024] Preferably, in the above scheme, step S7 includes: when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset first deformation threshold, controlling the pumping speed of the material laying mechanism and the grouting mechanism to slow down to half of the normal pumping speed; when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset second deformation threshold, controlling the material laying mechanism and the grouting mechanism to stop pumping operations.

[0025] Preferably, in the above scheme, the grouting pipe is made of reactive powder concrete (RPC) material, and the top is provided with an overflow trough for connecting the void area of ​​the arch.

[0026] Preferably, in the above scheme, the trolley includes a control module, a matched wireless remote controller, and a wireless communication receiving module. The control module is electrically connected to the arch pressure sensor, the void detection module, the height detection module, the attached vibrator, the immersion vibrator, the material placement mechanism, the grouting mechanism, the radar ranging module, and the wireless communication receiving module, respectively.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] 1. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system, comprising simultaneously pumping concrete to both sides of the concrete placement windows, symmetrically pouring layer by layer from bottom to top, controlling the height difference of the concrete on both sides to not exceed a preset height threshold, and vibrating and compacting the concrete layer by layer while pouring, which can improve the efficiency and quality of side formwork pouring. Concrete is pumped to the arch through the grouting port of the top formwork, and the vibration parameters of the arch are controlled according to the pump pipe pressure and the arch concrete pressure to improve the uniformity and strength of the arch concrete. The pumping speed of the grouting mechanism is controlled according to the concrete slump height and the arch concrete pressure to adapt to the arch pouring state. The pumping speed of the placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism is controlled according to the trolley sinking deformation to prevent trolley instability accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0029] 2. The end template in this invention includes several plates joined end to end. One side of each plate is vertically spaced with multiple liquid level probes, and the other side is equipped with multiple indicator lights corresponding to the liquid level probes. The spacing between two adjacent liquid level probes is configured to be half of a preset height threshold. When the number of indicator lights on one side of the trolley is two more than that on the other side, the pumping speed of the material placing mechanism on one side of the trolley is reduced to half of the normal pumping speed. When the number of indicator lights on both sides of the trolley is the same, the pumping speed of the material placing mechanism on both sides of the trolley is restored to the normal pumping speed, ensuring that the side formwork is poured symmetrically layer by layer from bottom to top. This can effectively reduce the risk of structural eccentric loading and improve the overall density and crack resistance of the secondary lining concrete.

[0030] 3. The vibration parameters for the arch crown in this invention include the vibration motor speed and vibration duration. The vibration motor speed is configured in the range of 8000-12000 r / min, and the vibration duration is configured in the range of 20-40s. The pumpability index is calculated as (pump pipe pressure * weight ratio + arch crown concrete pressure * (1 - weight ratio)) / standard pressure value. The pumpability index is positively correlated with the vibration motor speed and vibration duration. The vibration motor speed and vibration duration are dynamically adjusted according to the pumpability index to avoid over-vibration or under-vibration and reduce arch crown void defects.

[0031] 4. In this invention, when the concrete slump height reaches a preset slump threshold, the arch crown concrete pressure reaches a preset first pressure threshold, and the grouting duration reaches 5 seconds, the system switches to the next grouting pipe to continue grouting; when the concrete slump height exceeds the preset slump threshold, and the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset first pressure threshold but does not exceed the preset second pressure threshold, the pumping speed is controlled to be reduced to half of the normal pumping speed; when the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset second pressure threshold, the grouting mechanism is controlled to stop pumping grout. By implementing graded pressure response and dynamically adjusting the pumping grout speed, the system can adapt to the arch crown pouring state and prevent the trolley from collapsing. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the intelligent trolley system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a first-view structural diagram of the end template of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a second-view structural diagram of the end template of the present invention.

[0036] Among them, 1-plate body, 11-upper step, 12-lower step, 2-rubber pad, 21-joint part, 22-sloping surface, 3-liquid level probe, 4-indicator light. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this invention will now be described according to its overall structure.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention discloses a tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1: Move the trolley into position and install the top formwork, side formwork and end formwork in sequence;

[0043] S2: Install an arch pressure sensor on the top formwork and pre-embed grouting pipes. Install a void detection module at the top of the grouting pipes and a height detection module on the end formwork.

[0044] S3: Install an immersion vibrator at the fabric window of the side formwork, and install an attached vibrator in the vibration blind zone of the immersion vibrator.

[0045] S4: Side formwork pouring. The concrete placing mechanism pumps concrete to both sides of the placing windows simultaneously, pouring symmetrically layer by layer from bottom to top. Specifically, after the first layer of placing window concrete is poured, the first layer of placing window is closed, and then the second layer of placing window concrete is poured, and so on until the top layer of placing window concrete is poured.

[0046] S41: The height of the concrete on both sides is collected by the height detection module, and the difference in concrete height on both sides is controlled not to exceed the preset height threshold.

[0047] S42: Pour and tamp the concrete layer by layer to compact it, which can improve the uniformity and strength of the concrete and reduce voids and defects.

[0048] S5: Top formwork pouring. The concrete placing mechanism pumps concrete into the arch through the grouting port of the top formwork until grout overflows from the top of all the grouting pipes, at which point the pouring is complete.

[0049] S51: The pump pipe pressure is collected by the grouting pressure sensor, the arch crown concrete pressure is collected by the arch crown pressure sensor, and the arch crown vibration parameters are controlled according to the pump pipe pressure and the arch crown concrete pressure.

[0050] S6: Grouting with mold, the grouting mechanism pumps grout into the void area of ​​the arch through the grouting pipe;

[0051] S61: The concrete slump height is collected by the void detection module, and the pumping speed of the grouting mechanism is controlled by combining the concrete pressure at the top of the arch.

[0052] S7: Deformation monitoring uses a radar ranging module to collect the amount of trolley sinking deformation in real time, and controls the pumping speed of the material placing mechanism and the grouting mechanism to prevent trolley instability accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0053] This embodiment controls the symmetrical pouring of the side formwork by collecting the concrete height difference on both sides, controls the vibration parameters of the arch by collecting the pump pipe pressure and the arch crown concrete pressure, and controls the pumping speed of the concrete slump height and the trolley settlement deformation by collecting the concrete slump height and the trolley settlement deformation. This can standardize the construction process, improve the quality of the secondary lining concrete pouring, and reduce safety risks.

[0054] Continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The end template includes several plates 1 joined end-to-end. The height detection module includes liquid level probes 3 and indicator lights 4. Multiple liquid level probes 3 are vertically spaced on one side of the plate 1, and multiple indicator lights 4 corresponding to the liquid level probes 3 are provided on the other side. When the concrete submerges any liquid level probe 3, the corresponding indicator light 4 lights up. Specifically, a rubber pad 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the plate 1. A splicing part 21 is provided in the middle of the rubber pad 2, and inclined surfaces 22 are provided at both ends. One end of the plate 1 has an upper step 11, and the other end has a lower step 12. The upper steps 11 and lower steps 12 of two adjacent plates 1 are connected by the splicing part 21. The inclined surfaces 22 at the ends of two adjacent rubber pads 2 abut against each other, and the rubber pads 2 can be cut according to the actual installation position requirements.

[0055] Preferably, in this embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent liquid level probes 3 is configured to be half of a preset height threshold. When the number of indicator lights 4 lit on one side of the trolley is two more than that on the other side, the pumping speed of the material placing mechanism on one side of the trolley is reduced to half of the normal pumping speed. When the number of indicator lights 4 lit on both sides of the trolley is the same, the pumping speed of the material placing mechanism on both sides of the trolley is restored to the normal pumping speed, ensuring that the side formwork is poured symmetrically layer by layer from bottom to top, which can effectively reduce the risk of structural eccentric load and improve the overall density and crack resistance of the secondary lining concrete.

[0056] Continue to refer to Figure 2 The trolley includes a control module, a matched wireless remote controller, and a wireless communication receiver module. The control module is electrically connected to the arch pressure sensor, grouting pressure sensor, void detection module, height detection module, attached vibrator, immersion vibrator, material placement mechanism, grouting mechanism, radar ranging module, and wireless communication receiver module, respectively, which facilitates intelligent system control, reduces manual intervention, and improves the efficiency of pouring and grouting construction.

[0057] In addition, this embodiment sets the operating sequence of the vibrators according to the actual pouring sequence of the side formwork and the top formwork. Construction personnel control the vibration operation on site through a wireless remote control. The next vibrator can only be unlocked after the vibration operation of the current vibrator is completed. If the subsequent vibrators are forcibly started, the system will trigger an error message for illegal construction and simultaneously upload the data of the illegal operation to the cloud storage. This can effectively record the construction process data so that the cause can be traced and timely rectification can be carried out when construction quality problems are found later.

[0058] In this embodiment, the vibration parameters for the arch crown include the vibratory motor speed and vibration duration. The vibratory motor speed is configured in the range of 8000-12000 r / min, and the vibration duration is configured in the range of 20-40 s. Specifically, step S51 includes: calculating the pumpability index = (pump pipe pressure * weight ratio + arch crown concrete pressure * (1 - weight ratio)) / standard pressure value. The weight ratio and standard pressure value in the formula are set according to empirical values. The pumpability index is positively correlated with the vibratory motor speed and vibration duration, respectively. The vibratory motor speed and vibration duration are dynamically adjusted according to the pumpability index to avoid over-vibration or under-vibration, improve the uniformity and strength of the arch crown concrete, and reduce void defects.

[0059] It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the weighting ratio of pump pipe pressure is configured to 60%, and the standard pressure value is configured to 1.5 MPa. When the pump pipe pressure reaches 0.8 MPa and the arch concrete pressure reaches 0.3 MPa, the vibrator starts; when the pump pipe pressure exceeds 2.0 MPa and the arch concrete pressure exceeds 1.2 MPa, the vibrator stops. During arch vibration construction, the vibrator can be divided into four equal intervals according to the upper and lower limits of the pumpability index, and four corresponding vibrator motor speeds and vibration durations can be set, which simplifies the vibration construction process. In addition, before the immersion vibrator stops working, the vibrator motor speed should be reduced to 3000-5000 r / min, and the vibrator rod should be uniformly withdrawn from the concrete at a speed of 0.03 m / s. After completely detaching from the concrete, it should be returned to the initial position at a speed of 0.07 m / s.

[0060] It should be understood that the grouting pipe is made of reactive powder concrete (RPC) material and has an overflow channel at the top for connecting the void area of ​​the arch. The end of the overflow channel is in close contact with the waterproof membrane of the arch area. When the overflow channel overflows, the top formwork can be poured. The RPC grouting pipe has high strength and can withstand the extremely high extrusion pressure of concrete, meeting the construction requirement of 1MPa and is not easy to break. The RPC grouting pipe has good adhesion to concrete, is easy to install and use, can be cut and processed, has a service life exceeding that of concrete beams, and overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient durability of traditional PVC pipes or steel pipes.

[0061] Furthermore, step S6 includes: the grouting mechanism pumps grout into each grouting pipe in sequence. The grout material is micro-expansion cement grout, and the water-cement ratio of the grout is controlled at 1:0.18 to ensure that the void area of ​​the arch is fully filled and to reduce the risk of settlement in the later stage.

[0062] Specifically, step S61 includes: during the grouting process with formwork, when the concrete slump height reaches a preset slump threshold, the arch crown concrete pressure reaches a preset first pressure threshold, and the grouting duration reaches 5 seconds, switching to the next grouting pipe to continue grouting; when the concrete slump height exceeds the preset slump threshold, and the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset first pressure threshold but does not exceed the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the pumping speed to slow down to half of the normal pumping speed; when the arch crown concrete pressure exceeds the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the grouting mechanism to stop pumping grout. By graded pressure response and dynamically adjusting the pumping grout speed, it is possible to adapt to the arch crown pouring state and prevent the trolley from collapsing.

[0063] Furthermore, step S7 includes: when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset first deformation threshold, controlling the pumping speed of the material placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism to slow down to half of the normal pumping speed; when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset second deformation threshold, controlling the material placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism to stop pumping operations, and restarting the pumping operations after the problem is investigated and resolved. In this embodiment, the radar ranging module can perform non-contact detection on the key stress-bearing parts of the trolley, with a detection accuracy of ≤1mm, a first deformation threshold configured as 3mm, and a second deformation threshold configured as 6mm.

[0064] In summary, the method of this invention, based on an intelligent trolley system, coordinates various mechanisms to execute tunnel secondary lining construction steps in an orderly manner. It can standardize the construction process, and by collecting real-time data on the concrete height difference between the two sides, pump pipe pressure, arch concrete pressure, concrete slump height, and trolley settlement deformation, it can achieve graded pressure response, dynamically adjust the pumping speed of the concrete placing mechanism and grouting mechanism, and the arch vibration parameters. This ensures symmetrical pouring from the side formwork and full filling of the arch, effectively reducing the risk of structural eccentric loading, improving the overall density and crack resistance of the secondary lining concrete, preventing trolley instability accidents, and ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0065] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for tunnel secondary lining construction based on an intelligent trolley system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Move the trolley into position and install the top formwork, side formwork and end formwork in sequence; S2: Install an arch pressure sensor on the top formwork and pre-embed grouting pipes. Install a void detection module at the top of the grouting pipes and a height detection module on the end formwork. S3: Install an immersion vibrator at the fabric window of the side formwork, and install an attached vibrator in the vibration blind zone of the immersion vibrator. S4: Side formwork pouring, the concrete placing mechanism simultaneously pumps concrete to both sides of the placing window, pouring symmetrically layer by layer from bottom to top; S41: The height of the concrete on both sides is collected by the height detection module, and the difference in concrete height on both sides is controlled not to exceed the preset height threshold. S42: Pour and tamp the concrete layer by layer to compact it; S5: Top formwork pouring. The concrete placing mechanism pumps concrete into the arch through the grouting port of the top formwork until grout overflows from the top of all the grouting pipes, at which point the pouring is complete. S51: The pump pipe pressure is collected by the grouting pressure sensor, the arch crown concrete pressure is collected by the arch crown pressure sensor, and the arch crown vibration parameters are controlled according to the pump pipe pressure and the arch crown concrete pressure. S6: Grouting with mold, the grouting mechanism pumps grout into the void area of ​​the arch through the grouting pipe; S61: The concrete slump height is collected by the void detection module, and the pumping speed of the grouting mechanism is controlled by combining the concrete pressure at the top of the arch. S7: Deformation monitoring, which collects the amount of trolley sinking deformation in real time through the radar ranging module, and controls the pumping speed of the material placement mechanism and the grouting mechanism.

2. The tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end template includes several plates that are joined end to end. The height detection module includes liquid level probes and indicator lights. Multiple liquid level probes are vertically spaced on one side of the plate, and multiple indicator lights corresponding to the liquid level probes are provided on the other side. When the concrete submerges any of the liquid level probes, the corresponding indicator light is lit.

3. The tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent liquid level probes is configured to be half of the preset height threshold. When the number of indicator lights lit on one side of the trolley is two more than that on the other side, the pumping speed of the fabric feeding mechanism on one side of the trolley is reduced to half of the normal pumping speed. When the number of indicator lights lit on both sides of the trolley is the same, the pumping speed of the fabric feeding mechanism on both sides of the trolley is restored to the normal pumping speed.

4. The tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration parameters for the arch include the motor speed and vibration duration. The motor speed is configured to be in the range of 8000-12000 r / min, and the vibration duration is configured to be in the range of 20-40 s.

5. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S51 includes: calculating the pumpability index = (pump pipe pressure * weight ratio + arch concrete pressure * (1 - weight ratio)) / standard pressure value, where the weight ratio and standard pressure value are set according to empirical values, and the pumpability index is positively correlated with the speed of the vibrating motor and the vibration time, respectively.

6. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: the grouting mechanism pumps grout into each grouting pipe in sequence, the grout material is micro-expansion cement grout, and the water-cement ratio of the grout is controlled to be 1:0.

18.

7. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S61 includes: when the concrete slump height reaches a preset slump threshold, the arch concrete pressure reaches a preset first pressure threshold, and the grouting duration reaches 5 seconds, switching to the next grouting pipe to continue grouting; when the concrete slump height exceeds the preset slump threshold, the arch concrete pressure exceeds the preset first pressure threshold, but does not exceed the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the pumping speed to be reduced to half of the normal pumping speed; when the arch concrete pressure exceeds the preset second pressure threshold, controlling the grouting mechanism to stop pumping grout.

8. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S7 includes: when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset first deformation threshold, controlling the pumping speed of the material laying mechanism and the grouting mechanism to be reduced to half of the normal pumping speed; when the subsidence deformation reaches a preset second deformation threshold, controlling the material laying mechanism and the grouting mechanism to stop pumping operations.

9. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting pipe is made of reactive powder concrete (RPC) material and has an overflow trough at the top for connecting the voided area of ​​the arch.

10. A tunnel secondary lining construction method based on an intelligent trolley system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trolley includes a control module, a matched wireless remote controller, and a wireless communication receiving module. The control module is electrically connected to the arch pressure sensor, void detection module, height detection module, attached vibrator, immersion vibrator, material placement mechanism, grouting mechanism, radar ranging module, and wireless communication receiving module, respectively.

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