Building energy-saving design method for residential building
By combining strip structures and various building materials, the design optimizes the construction of roofs, exterior walls, and windows, solving the problems of ventilation, lighting, and heat insulation in residential buildings, and achieving energy-saving effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 中交四航局第六工程有限公司
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN122133218A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of residential building design and construction technology, and in particular to a method for energy-saving design of residential buildings. Background Technology
[0002] Residential buildings are structures specifically designed to provide living spaces for people. When designing and constructing residential buildings, it is necessary to consider not only their functional requirements but also their traditional sense of safety, privacy, and comfort. This places high demands on the form and design of residential buildings. At the same time, with the increasing emphasis on energy conservation, emission reduction, and green environmental protection, how to ensure that residential buildings not only have traditional functions but also have good energy efficiency is a major trend in the development of residential building design. Existing residential designs usually only consider functionality and safety, but are lacking in privacy, comfort, and energy efficiency, especially in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, failing to meet people's requirements.
[0003] The existing residential buildings mainly have the following problems in the structural design and construction process: Firstly, in residential buildings, adjacent households are arranged close together, which not only results in poor ventilation, affecting the comfort of living, but also has a significant impact on privacy. Secondly, existing residential buildings have poor thermal insulation, especially in areas with hot summers and warm winters. The sustained high temperatures in summer greatly increase the energy consumption of indoor cooling equipment. Third, in order to ensure the safety of the building structure, existing residential buildings have sacrificed ventilation and lighting, thus affecting the comfort of living.
[0004] Therefore, designing residential building structures more scientifically and rationally, ensuring structural safety while simultaneously guaranteeing residents' privacy and comfort, and especially ensuring good green, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving performance, are key considerations in the design and construction of residential buildings. Summary of the Invention
[0005] One of the objectives of this invention is, at least, to provide a building energy-saving design method for residential buildings that addresses the problems existing in the prior art, thereby ensuring the building's lighting and ventilation, meeting the needs of living comfort and privacy, and effectively reducing energy consumption and building energy consumption, thus achieving the building's energy-saving performance.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes the following aspects.
[0007] A method for energy-saving design of a residential building, wherein the residential building adopts a strip structure, including a core tube section in the middle and multiple residential unit sections connected around the core tube section, wherein adjacent two residential unit sections are set relatively independently; the residential building includes an enclosure structure and a main structure, the enclosure structure including a roof, exterior walls and exterior windows, the enclosure structure is made of a variety of building materials, and the building materials meet the material performance index requirements; the various building materials include cement mortar, lime mortar, reinforced concrete, aerated concrete masonry, aerated / foamed concrete, fine stone bidirectional reinforced concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, polymer cement-based waterproof coating, extruded polystyrene foam board for roofing, fine stone leveling concrete and NEA thermal insulation leveling gel; the material performance indexes include thermal conductivity λ, heat storage coefficient S, density ρ, specific heat capacity Cp and vapor permeability u, and the method for energy-saving design of the residential building includes the following steps: Step 1: Design the roof structure. The constructed roof uses a variety of materials from top to bottom, including fine stone two-way reinforced concrete, extruded polystyrene foam board for the roof, fine stone leveling concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and reinforced concrete. The thickness and performance requirements of each material are determined. Step two involves designing the exterior wall structure. The constructed exterior wall comprises five structures: east-west shear walls, north-south shear walls, integrated bathroom, integrated kitchen, and aerated concrete exterior walls. Multiple materials are used in the construction of each exterior wall structure from the inside out, and the thickness and performance requirements for each material are determined. Specifically: The materials of the east-west shear wall and the north-south shear wall, from the outside to the inside, all include reinforced concrete and NEA thermal insulation and leveling gel. The materials used in the integrated bathroom and integrated kitchen, from the outside to the inside, include reinforced concrete, NEA thermal insulation leveling gel, and polymer cement-based waterproof coating, respectively. The materials of the aerated concrete exterior wall, from the outside to the inside, include cement mortar, aerated / foamed concrete, and NEA thermal insulation and leveling gel in sequence. Step 3: Design the exterior window structure. The exterior window structure uses a common aluminum alloy window frame with multiple seals, and 5-7mm Low-E transparent glass. The hollow part of the glass is filled with 20-22mm of argon gas, and a central louver design is used. Step four, thermal design of exterior windows, which includes building shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient and overall thermal performance, involving window-to-wall ratio and external shading design; Step 5: Use Swell software to perform numerical simulation calculations and analysis to simulate and demonstrate whether the design process meets the expected requirements, and further verify the feasibility of the project's specific implementation.
[0008] Preferably, heat reflectors are installed on the roof, the west side of the exterior wall, and the upper side of the exterior windows of the residential building. The heat reflector is coated with a heat-reflective coating, which is either a high-performance particle reflective heat-insulating coating or an acrylic reflective coating. The residential user body includes four user bodies: a south-facing user body, a north-facing user body, an east-facing user body, and a west-facing user body. The south-facing and north-facing user bodies are symmetrically arranged and remain parallel to the core tube as a whole. The east-facing and west-facing user bodies are symmetrically arranged and maintain a certain angle with the core tube.
[0009] Furthermore, the four user bodies maintain a symmetrical structure as a whole, and each maintains a certain angle with the core cylinder.
[0010] Preferably, in step one, when calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of a single material, it is calculated based on the characteristics of the material, including the thermal resistance of the material. The thermal resistance is calculated based on the material thickness, thermal conductivity, and a correction factor for the thermal conductivity. The heat transfer coefficient of the single material is K = 1 / R = 1 / (α*δ / λ), where R is the thermal resistance, α is the correction factor for the thermal conductivity, δ is the thickness of the material, and λ is the thermal conductivity.
[0011] Preferably, in step one, when calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of the multiple materials, it is calculated based on the thermal resistance of the materials and the thermal resistance values of the inner and outer air boundary layers. The calculation formula for the heat transfer coefficient K of the multiple materials is K=1 / (Ri+Re+∑(α*δ / λ)), where Ri is the inner surface heat transfer resistance and Re is the outer surface heat transfer resistance.
[0012] Preferably, in step two, when calculating the average heat transfer coefficient of a unit wall, a linear heat transfer coefficient method based on two-dimensional heat transfer calculation is adopted. The average heat transfer coefficient of a unit wall is calculated based on the thermal bridge part of the external wall, where is the average heat transfer coefficient of the unit wall, is the heat transfer coefficient of the main section of the unit wall, ψj is the linear heat transfer coefficient of the j-th structural thermal bridge on the unit wall, lj is the calculated length of the j-th structural thermal bridge in the unit wall, and A is the area of the unit wall.
[0013] Preferably, the external wall thermal bridge includes the roof, left and right window openings, upper window opening, lower window opening, upper bay window opening, lower bay window opening, recessed corner, floor slab, cantilever floor slab, and internal partition wall.
[0014] Preferably, in step three, when constructing the exterior windows, the ventilation opening area of the exterior windows accounts for 65% to 75% of the total exterior window area, and the exterior window area accounts for 15% to 25% of the total room area. The most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio for different orientations is controlled as follows: 0.57 to 0.59 for south-facing, 0.55 to 0.57 for north-facing, 0.51 to 0.53 for east-facing, and 0.56 to 0.58 for west-facing.
[0015] Preferably, in step four, after constructing the external windows using the method of step three, the building shading coefficient is further reduced through external shading design, as well as the comprehensive solar heat gain coefficient for different orientations; the overall thermal performance is weighed against a reference building with the same system coefficient, and the judgment is based on the weighing.
[0016] Preferably, in step four, when weighing and judging the overall thermal performance, the heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three is weighed and judged with the reference building. For the most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio exceeding the window-to-wall ratio limit, the heat transfer coefficient corresponding to different window-to-wall ratios in the basic requirements of the weighing and judging is weighed and judged. The heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three meets the basic requirements of the weighing and judging, and the overall thermal performance meets the standard.
[0017] In summary, by adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the building's floor plan layout, while ensuring the structural safety of the building, it is possible to fully guarantee the lighting and ventilation of residential buildings, thereby improving the comfort and privacy of living conditions; 2. By selecting materials with lower thermal conductivity, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced, the building's thermal insulation performance is improved, energy consumption is effectively reduced, building energy consumption is lowered, and thus the building's energy-saving performance is achieved. 3. By comprehensively considering the construction of the roof, exterior walls, and exterior windows, as well as the thermal design of the exterior windows, and after weighing the results against a reference building with the same shape coefficient, energy consumption has been effectively reduced by 5% to 8%. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a residential building structure, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a residential building, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the energy-saving design process for residential buildings according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention will be clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example
[0022] Figure 1-2This illustration shows a residential building structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The residential building adopts a strip structure with a shape factor of 0.45 to 0.48. The shape factor refers to the ratio of the external surface area of a building in contact with the outdoor atmosphere to the volume it encloses. The residential building in this embodiment includes a central core tube 1 and multiple residential user units 2 connected around the core tube 1. Adjacent user units 2 are independently arranged. Each residential user unit 2 includes four user units: a south-facing user unit 21, a north-facing user unit 22, an east-facing user unit 23, and a west-facing user unit 24. (See reference...) Figure 1 The south-facing user body 21 and the north-facing user body 22 are symmetrically arranged and remain parallel to the core cylinder 1. The east-facing user body 23 and the west-facing user body 23 are symmetrically arranged and maintain a certain angle with the core cylinder, usually between 30-60°, and 45° in this embodiment. As a preferred embodiment, refer to... Figure 2 The four residential units 2 maintain a symmetrical structure and are all at a certain angle to the core tube 1.
[0023] Residential buildings consist of an enclosure structure and a main structure. The enclosure structure and the main structure are closely connected and jointly bear the building's load-bearing capacity and functional requirements. The main structure is the reinforced concrete main skeleton structure of the residential building. The enclosure structure includes the roof, exterior walls, and exterior windows. The enclosure structure is constructed using a variety of building materials, and these materials meet the required material performance indicators. These materials include cement mortar, lime mortar, reinforced concrete, aerated concrete masonry, aerated / foamed concrete, fine aggregate two-way reinforced concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, polymer cement-based waterproof coating, extruded polystyrene foam board for roofing, fine aggregate leveling concrete, and NEA thermal insulation leveling gel. The material performance indicators include thermal conductivity λ, heat storage coefficient S, density ρ, specific heat capacity Cp, and vapor permeability u. The material performance parameters for various building materials are shown in Table 1. These parameters collectively determine the heat transfer performance of the materials and affect the heat transfer coefficient.
[0024] Table 1 Material performance parameters of various building materials
[0025] The thermal conductivity λ is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat, and it directly affects the material's heat transfer efficiency. The heat storage coefficient S reflects a material's ability to store and release heat when the temperature changes. The higher the heat storage coefficient, the better the material can absorb and release heat when the temperature fluctuates, thus affecting the overall heat transfer process. In building envelopes, materials with a high heat storage coefficient can slow down the rate of temperature change and improve thermal insulation performance. The density ρ determines the material's specific heat capacity Cp. The higher the density ρ, the higher the specific heat capacity Cp is usually, which reduces the rate of temperature change and thus affects the heat transfer coefficient. The vapor permeability coefficient u describes a material's ability to allow vapor to pass through. The higher the vapor permeability coefficient u, the stronger the material's ability to allow vapor to pass through, thus affecting the material's heat transfer efficiency.
[0026] In addition, heat reflectors are installed on the roof, west side of the exterior walls, and above the exterior windows of residential buildings. These heat reflectors are coated with heat-reflective paint, which is either a reflective heat-insulating paint made of granular material or an acrylic reflective paint. The granular material reflective heat-insulating paint is a functional paint made by adding hollow ceramic particles (particle size 45-150µm) to reflect solar radiation, radiative heat dissipation, and block heat transfer, significantly reducing the surface temperature of residential buildings and achieving local energy savings of more than 20%. The acrylic reflective paint is an energy-saving paint with high solar reflectivity, made of acrylic resin as a base material and by adding reflective materials.
[0027] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the energy-saving design process for a residential building according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Roof construction. The constructed roof uses a variety of materials from top to bottom, including fine stone bidirectional reinforced concrete, extruded polystyrene foam board for the roof, fine stone leveling concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and reinforced concrete. Each material meets the thickness requirements. When calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of a single material, it is calculated based on the material's characteristics, including the material's thermal resistance. The formula for calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of a single material is shown in Formula 1, where R is the thermal resistance ((㎡K) / W). Formula 1: K=1 / R; The thermal resistance R is calculated based on the material thickness, thermal conductivity, and correction factor for thermal conductivity. The formula for calculating thermal resistance R is shown in Formula 2, where α is the correction factor for thermal conductivity, δ is the material thickness (m), and λ is the thermal conductivity (W / (mK)). Formula 2: R=α*δ / λ. Substituting Formula 2 into Formula 1, we obtain Formula 3 for calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of a single material: Formula 3: K = 1 / R = 1 / (α*δ / λ). When calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of various materials, it is calculated based on the thermal resistance of the material and the thermal resistance values of the inner and outer air boundary layers. The calculation formula for the heat transfer coefficient K of various materials is shown in Formula 4, where Ri is the heat transfer resistance of the inner surface and Re is the heat transfer resistance of the outer surface. Formula 4: K=1 / (Ri+Re+∑(α*δ / λ)). Specifically, based on accumulated experience, the sum of the inner surface heat transfer resistance Ri and the outer surface heat transfer resistance Re is taken as 0.16; Thickness values for different materials: 40mm for fine stone bidirectional reinforced concrete, 80mm for extruded polystyrene foam board for roofing, 20mm for fine stone leveling concrete, 3mm for modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and 120mm for reinforced concrete. The correction factor α values for different materials are as follows: 1.00 for fine aggregate two-way reinforced concrete, 1.00 for reinforced concrete, 1.20 for extruded polystyrene foam board for roofing, 1.00 for fine aggregate leveling concrete, 1.00 for modified bitumen waterproof membrane and reinforced concrete, and 1.00 for reinforced concrete. Based on the thermal conductivity λ of each material in Table 1, the heat transfer coefficient of the constructed roof is calculated to be K = 1 / (Ri + Re + ∑(α*δ / λ)) = 0.4.
[0028] Step two, exterior wall construction. The constructed exterior wall consists of five structures: east-west shear walls, north-south shear walls, integrated bathroom, integrated kitchen, and aerated concrete exterior walls. Multiple materials are used from the inside out during exterior wall construction, and each material meets the required thickness. Specifically: The materials of the east-west shear wall and the north-south shear wall, from the outside to the inside, both include reinforced concrete and NEA thermal insulation leveling gel, wherein the thickness of the reinforced concrete is 200mm and the thickness of the NEA thermal insulation leveling gel is 20mm; the correction factor α of the reinforced concrete is 1.00 and the correction factor α of the NEA thermal insulation leveling gel is 1.05. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficients of the constructed east-west shear wall and north-south shear wall are calculated using Formula 4: K = 1 / (Ri + Re + ∑(α*δ / λ)) = 1.10; The materials used in the integrated bathroom and integrated kitchen, from the outside in, include reinforced concrete, NEA thermal insulation leveling gel, and polymer cement-based waterproof coating. The thickness of the reinforced concrete is 200mm, the thickness of the NEA thermal insulation leveling gel is 20mm, and the thickness of the polymer cement-based waterproof coating is 2mm. The correction factor α for the reinforced concrete is 1.00, the correction factor α for the NEA thermal insulation leveling gel is 1.05, and the correction factor α for the polymer cement-based waterproof coating is 1.00. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient of the constructed integrated bathroom and integrated kitchen is calculated using Formula 4 as K = 1 / (Ri + Re + ∑(α*δ / λ)) = 1.10; The materials of the aerated concrete exterior wall, from the outside to the inside, include cement mortar, aerated / foamed concrete, and NEA thermal insulation leveling gel, wherein the thickness of the cement mortar is 25mm, the thickness of the aerated / foamed concrete is 200mm, and the thickness of the NEA thermal insulation leveling gel is 25mm. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient of the constructed aerated concrete exterior wall is calculated using Formula 4 as K = 1 / (Ri + Re + ∑(α*δ / λ)) = 0.57; Furthermore, using a linear heat transfer coefficient method based on two-dimensional heat transfer calculations, the formula for the average heat transfer coefficient of a single wall unit (core cylinder or user body) is shown in Formula 5.
[0029] Formula 5: ; in, The average heat transfer coefficient of the unit wall is . Let ψj be the heat transfer coefficient of the main section of the unit wall, lj be the linear heat transfer coefficient of the j-th structural thermal bridge on the unit wall, and A be the area of the unit wall. The external wall thermal bridges include the roof, left and right window openings, upper and lower window openings, upper and lower bay window openings, concave corners, floor slabs, open floor slabs, and interior partitions. The linear heat transfer coefficient ψ and thermal bridge length L of each thermal bridge location are calculated and referenced in Table 2. Table 2. Linear heat transfer coefficient ψ and thermal bridge length L for each thermal bridge location.
[0030] Specifically, The value is 1.1 (maximum heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall after construction); each unit wall can be within this range. Step 3: For the exterior window construction, a common aluminum alloy window frame with multiple seals is used, along with 5-7mm Low-E transparent glass. 20-22mm of argon gas is filled in the glass cavity, and a centrally located louver design is adopted. Simultaneously, the ventilation opening area of the exterior window accounts for 65%-75% of the total window area, and the window area accounts for 15%-25% of the room area. The most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio for different orientations is controlled as follows: 0.57-0.59 for south-facing, 0.55-0.57 for north-facing, 0.51-0.53 for east-facing, and 0.56-0.58 for west-facing. The design of the ordinary aluminum alloy window frame with multiple seals not only saves costs but also improves the airtightness of the exterior window and enhances its thermal insulation effect. The Low-E glass, through coating technology, reduces the transmission of infrared radiation, thereby improving the window's thermal insulation performance and achieving energy savings. The transparent glass not only increases the visible light transmittance but also provides good lighting, meeting the indoor demand for natural light and achieving comfort. Argon gas, due to its low thermal conductivity, further reduces the heat transfer coefficient when filled into the insulated glass, increasing thermal insulation performance and extending the lifespan of the Low-E film. The centrally located louver design, by adjusting shading and lighting, not only improves indoor comfort but also reduces building energy consumption. Calculations show that after the exterior window structure is completed, the airtightness level is no less than level 6, the visible light transmittance reaches 50%~60%, the heat transfer coefficient K reaches 2.95~2.97 W / (㎡K), and the solar heat gain coefficient reaches 0.27~0.30. Step four: Thermal design of exterior windows. This includes the building shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, and overall thermal performance. It involves the window-to-wall ratio and external shading design. For different orientations and window-to-wall ratios, refer to Table 3 for basic requirements of building trade-offs. Specifically: Table 3. Basic Requirements for Trade-off Judgment Based on Reference Buildings
[0031] After constructing the exterior windows using the method described in step three, the building shading coefficient can be further reduced by using an external shading design (for all exterior windows, or only for exterior windows whose shading coefficient still exceeds the standard). For example, using flat shading or external louver shading can reduce the building shading coefficient to 0.75~0.8. The solar heat gain coefficient, through the construction of external windows and the adoption of external shading design, can reduce the comprehensive solar heat gain coefficient for different orientations. The reduced comprehensive solar heat gain coefficients for different orientations in summer are as follows: 0.21~0.23 for south-facing, 0.26~0.28 for north-facing, 0.21~0.23 for east-facing, and 0.19~0.20 for west-facing. Even for the most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio in that orientation, the reduced comprehensive solar heat gain coefficient can still meet the standard requirements. For overall thermal performance, the heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three is compared with that of a reference building with the same shape coefficient. For the most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio exceeding the window-to-wall ratio limit, the heat transfer coefficient corresponding to different window-to-wall ratios is compared according to the basic requirements of the trade-off judgment. If the heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three meets the basic requirements of the trade-off judgment, then the overall thermal performance meets the standard. Referring to Table 3, even if the window-to-wall ratio for different orientations is greater than 0.35, the corresponding heat transfer coefficient K only needs to be no greater than 3.0. After construction, the heat transfer coefficient K of the exterior windows can reach 2.95~2.97W / (㎡K). Obviously, the overall thermal performance meets the building energy conservation requirements.
[0032] Step 5: Numerical simulation analysis. The scheme is simulated and verified. During the design process, the Swell software is used for numerical simulation calculation and analysis. The simulation and verification process fully meets the expected requirements and achieves the expected design purpose, and can be implemented in practice.
[0033] The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings adopted in this embodiment meets the requirements for the heat transfer coefficients of the roof, exterior walls, and exterior windows compared to a reference building with the same shape coefficient, and reduces energy consumption by 5% to 8%.
[0034] The above description is merely a detailed illustration of specific embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various substitutions, modifications, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for energy-saving design of residential buildings, characterized in that, The residential building adopts a strip structure, including a core tube (1) in the middle and multiple residential user units (2) connected around the core tube (1). Two adjacent user units in the multiple residential user units (2) are set independently. The residential building is composed of an enclosure structure and a main structure. The enclosure structure includes a roof, exterior walls and exterior windows. The enclosure structure is made of a variety of building materials, and the building materials meet the material performance index requirements. The various building materials include cement mortar, lime mortar, reinforced concrete, aerated concrete masonry, aerated / foamed concrete, fine stone bidirectional reinforced concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, polymer cement-based waterproof coating, extruded polystyrene foam board for roofing, fine stone leveling concrete and NEA thermal insulation leveling gel. The material performance indexes include thermal conductivity λ, heat storage coefficient S, density ρ, specific heat capacity Cp and vapor permeability u. When designing the energy-saving building for the residential building, the following steps are included: Step 1: Design the roof structure. The constructed roof uses a variety of materials from top to bottom, including fine stone two-way reinforced concrete, extruded polystyrene foam board for the roof, fine stone leveling concrete, modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and reinforced concrete. The thickness and performance requirements of each material are determined. Step two involves designing the exterior wall structure. The constructed exterior wall comprises five structures: east-west shear walls, north-south shear walls, integrated bathroom, integrated kitchen, and aerated concrete exterior walls. Multiple materials are used in the construction of each exterior wall structure from the inside out, and the thickness and performance requirements for each material are determined. Specifically: The materials of the east-west shear wall and the north-south shear wall, from the outside to the inside, all include reinforced concrete and NEA thermal insulation and leveling gel. The materials used in the integrated bathroom and integrated kitchen, from the outside to the inside, include reinforced concrete, NEA thermal insulation leveling gel, and polymer cement-based waterproof coating, respectively. The materials of the aerated concrete exterior wall, from the outside to the inside, include cement mortar, aerated / foamed concrete, and NEA thermal insulation and leveling gel in sequence. Step 3: Design the exterior window structure. The exterior window structure uses a common aluminum alloy window frame with multiple seals, and 5-7mm Low-E transparent glass. The hollow part of the glass is filled with 20-22mm of argon gas, and a central louver design is used. Step four, thermal design of exterior windows, which includes building shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient and overall thermal performance, involving window-to-wall ratio and external shading design; Step 5: Numerical simulation analysis to conduct simulation demonstration of the scheme.
2. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four user bodies maintain a symmetrical structure and are all at a certain angle to the core cylinder.
3. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The residential building has heat-reflective panels installed on the roof, the west side of the exterior wall, and the upper side of the exterior windows. These heat-reflective panels are coated with heat-reflective paint.
4. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, when calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of a single material, it is calculated based on the material's characteristics, including the material's thermal resistance. The thermal resistance is calculated based on the material's thickness, thermal conductivity, and a correction factor for the thermal conductivity. The heat transfer coefficient of the single material is K = 1 / R = 1 / (α*δ / λ), where R is the thermal resistance, α is the correction factor for the thermal conductivity, δ is the material's thickness, and λ is the thermal conductivity.
5. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step one, when calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of various materials, it is calculated based on the thermal resistance of the materials and the thermal resistance values of the inner and outer air boundary layers. The formula for calculating the heat transfer coefficient K of various materials is K=1 / (Ri+Re+∑(α*δ / λ)), where Ri is the inner surface heat transfer resistance and Re is the outer surface heat transfer resistance.
6. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, when calculating the average heat transfer coefficient of a single wall unit, a linear heat transfer coefficient method based on two-dimensional heat transfer calculation is used. The average heat transfer coefficient of a single wall unit is calculated based on the thermal bridge portion of the external wall. ,in, The average heat transfer coefficient of the unit wall is . Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the main section of the unit wall, ψj be the linear heat transfer coefficient of the j-th structural thermal bridge on the unit wall, lj be the calculated length of the j-th structural thermal bridge on the unit wall, and A be the area of the unit wall.
7. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The external wall thermal bridge includes the roof, left and right window openings, upper and lower window openings, upper and lower bay window openings, recessed corners, floor slabs, open floor slabs, and interior partition walls.
8. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, when constructing the exterior windows, the ventilation opening area of the exterior windows accounts for 65% to 75% of the total exterior window area, and the exterior window area accounts for 15% to 25% of the total room area. The most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio for different orientations is controlled as follows: 0.57 to 0.59 for south-facing, 0.55 to 0.57 for north-facing, 0.51 to 0.53 for east-facing, and 0.56 to 0.58 for west-facing.
9. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, after constructing the external windows using the method described in step three, the building's shading coefficient is further reduced through external shading design, as well as the overall solar heat gain coefficient for different orientations; the overall thermal performance is weighed against that of a reference building with the same system coefficient, and the judgment is based on the weighing.
10. The building energy-saving design method for residential buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, when weighing the overall thermal performance, the heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three is compared with that of a reference building. For the most unfavorable window-to-wall ratio exceeding the window-to-wall ratio limit, the heat transfer coefficient corresponding to different window-to-wall ratios is used for the weighing judgment. The heat transfer coefficient K obtained in step three meets the basic requirements of the weighing judgment, and the overall thermal performance meets the standards.