A low-altitude flight information service system for navigation

Abstract

This invention provides a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system, comprising: a ground-based surveillance data acquisition and processing module, a TIS-B server, an ADS-B ground station, a BeiDou command aircraft, a flight service cloud server, and a general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal; and an airborne ADS-B transceiver module, a TIS-B receiver module, a BeiDou short message communication module, an airborne display and control terminal, and a black box. This invention utilizes BeiDou short message service, 1090ES link, 5G air-to-ground communication link, and low-orbit satellite link to exchange traffic situation information, meteorological information, aeronautical information, and aircraft quality parameters according to standardized or customized protocols, enabling efficient collaborative general aviation low-altitude flight information services between airborne pilots and ground monitoring personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aviation communication and surveillance technology, and in particular to a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system. Background Technology

[0002] Low-altitude airspace, as a crucial component of the national airspace system, is the foundation for the development of general aviation. With the rapid development of general aviation, the total number of flights has increased by more than 10% annually. The low-altitude economy, with general aviation as one of its core components, is expected to spawn a trillion-yuan-level industrial cluster encompassing low-altitude manufacturing, low-altitude flight, low-altitude support, and integrated services, providing new impetus for national economic development. Currently, civil aviation ADS-B uses the 1090ES data link, which cannot broadcast FIS-B information. Furthermore, due to the limited radio signal coverage of existing support equipment and the fact that current communication systems were not adequately designed to address low-altitude coverage issues, radio waves are susceptible to terrain and topography, resulting in severe multipath fading and impacting communication capabilities. Therefore, it is urgent to construct an efficient and convenient low-altitude flight service support system to promote the development of the general aviation industry and ensure the safe and efficient use of low-altitude airspace. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0004] This invention provides a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system. The system includes: a ground-based surveillance data acquisition and processing module, a TIS-B server, an ADS-B ground station, a BeiDou command aircraft, a flight service cloud server, and a general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal; and an airborne ADS-B transceiver module, a TIS-B receiving module, a BeiDou short message communication module, an airborne display and control terminal, and a black box. The surveillance data acquisition and processing module collects aircraft information from secondary radar and multi-point positioning systems and sends it to the TIS-B server. The TIS-B server processes the aircraft information sent by the surveillance data acquisition and processing module. The system performs fusion processing to generate first aircraft fusion information and sends this information to the ADS-B ground station. The ADS-B ground station generates TIS-B data packets based on the received first aircraft fusion information and sends them to the TIS-B receiving module via a 1090ES link. It also receives ADS-B data packets broadcast by the ADS-B transceiver module via the 1090ES link, generates CAT021 message information based on the received ADS-B data packets, and sends it to the flight service cloud server. The flight service cloud server receives in-flight transmission information and divides it into text information and image / video information. Among them, airborne transmission information is sent to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, text information is sent to the Beidou command aircraft, and image and video information is sent to the airborne display and control terminal via 5G ground-to-air communication network and low-orbit satellite link. The airborne transmission information includes airborne uplink information and airborne downlink information. The airborne uplink information includes civil aviation meteorological information, ground air traffic control information, civil aviation intelligence information, and first user information. The airborne downlink information includes CAT021 message information, black box recorded data, and second user information. The first user information is the information input by the user corresponding to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, and the second user information is the information input by the user corresponding to the airborne display and control terminal. The Beidou command aircraft is used to receive the second user information via the Beidou short message link and send it to the flight service cloud server, as well as to send the received text information via the Beidou short message link; the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal is used to process the airborne transmission information sent by the flight service cloud server and obtain the corresponding processing results; the ADS-B transceiver module is used to broadcast the ADS-B data packets corresponding to its own aircraft, and to receive the ADS-B data packets corresponding to other aircraft and send them to the airborne display and control terminal; the TIS-B receiving module is used to receive the TIS-B data packets sent by the ADS-B ground station and send them to the airborne display and control terminal.The BeiDou short message communication module is used to receive text information sent by the BeiDou command aircraft via the BeiDou short message link and send it to the airborne display and control terminal, as well as to send the second user information via the BeiDou short message link; the black box is used to send the recorded data to the airborne display and control terminal, and to send the recorded data to the flight service cloud server via a low-orbit satellite link; the airborne display and control terminal is used to receive message information sent by the ADS-B transceiver module, the TIS-B receiving module, and the BeiDou short message communication module, process the received message information to obtain the corresponding processing results, and send the data recorded by the black box to the flight service cloud server via a 5G air-to-ground communication link and a low-orbit satellite link.

[0005] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0006] The present invention provides a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system that comprehensively utilizes BeiDou short message service, 1090ES link, 5G air-to-ground communication link and low-orbit satellite link to exchange traffic situation information, meteorological information, aeronautical information, aircraft quality parameters and other information according to standardized or customized protocols, enabling efficient collaboration between airborne pilots and ground control personnel in providing general aviation low-altitude flight information services.

[0007] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0012] It should be noted that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the steps as sequential processes, many of these steps can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the steps can be rearranged. A process can be terminated when its operation is complete, but it may also have additional steps not included in the figures. A process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0013] This invention provides a general aviation low-altitude flight information service system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system may include: a monitoring data acquisition and processing module, a TIS-B server, an ADS-B ground station, a Beidou command aircraft, a flight service cloud server, and a general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal installed on the ground; and an ADS-B transceiver module, a TIS-B receiving module, a Beidou short message communication module, an airborne display and control terminal, and a black box installed on the airborne end.

[0014] In this embodiment of the invention, the surveillance data acquisition and processing module is used to acquire aircraft information obtained by the secondary radar and the multi-point positioning system and send it to the TIS-B server. Specifically, the surveillance data acquisition and processing module can receive first aircraft information transmitted by the secondary radar in A / C mode according to the CAT001 message format, second aircraft information transmitted by the secondary radar in S mode according to the CAT048 message format, and third aircraft information transmitted by the multi-point positioning system according to the CAT020 message format. The first aircraft information may include time, Mode A code, altitude, position, heading, ground speed, etc.; the second aircraft information may include time, ICAO 24-bit address code, altitude, position, heading, ground speed, etc.; and the third aircraft information may include time, Mode A code, ICAO 24-bit address code, altitude, position, heading, ground speed, etc. The positions in the first and second aircraft information are polar coordinates, and the positions in the third aircraft information are latitude and longitude coordinates. In this embodiment of the invention, the TIS-B server is used to perform fusion processing on the aircraft information sent by the surveillance data acquisition and processing module to generate first aircraft fusion information, and send the generated first aircraft fusion information to the ADS-B ground station.

[0015] Furthermore, the TIS-B server is used to perform fusion processing on the aircraft information sent by the surveillance data acquisition and processing module to generate first aircraft fusion information, specifically including the following steps:

[0016] S100 decodes the aircraft information received at the current moment to obtain the corresponding decoded information, and converts the position in the decoded information into a position in a Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the converted decoded information.

[0017] When the TIS-B server receives an aircraft information message, it decodes the message and determines whether it is a CAT001, CAT048, or CAT020 message based on the message header. If it is a CAT001 or CAT048 message, the location information is converted from polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. If it is a CAT020 message, the location information is converted from latitude and longitude coordinates to rectangular coordinates.

[0018] As those skilled in the art will know, any method for converting polar coordinates or latitude and longitude coordinates into rectangular coordinates falls within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] S200: Based on the aircraft identification code in the aircraft information received at the current time, retrieve the first aircraft fusion information corresponding to the aircraft identification code from the current air traffic aircraft information table at the previous time, and predict the current position of the aircraft corresponding to the aircraft identification code based on the retrieved first aircraft fusion information from the previous time to obtain the corresponding predicted position.

[0020] In this embodiment of the invention, the initial value of the current air traffic aircraft information table is empty.

[0021] In one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the predicted position corresponding to the current moment can satisfy the following condition:

[0022]

[0023] Where, x t p y t p and z t p Let x, y, and z represent the x, y, and z coordinates of the predicted position at the current time in a Cartesian coordinate system, respectively. t-1 c Y t-1 c and Z t-1 c V represents the x, y, and z coordinates of the position at the previous moment in a Cartesian coordinate system. t-1 cThe ground velocity corresponding to the previous moment, VR t-1 c For the vertical velocity corresponding to the previous moment, Ang t-1 c The heading angle corresponding to the previous moment is Δt, which is the data acquisition interval and can be set according to actual needs, for example, it can be 1 second.

[0024] S300: If the distance between the converted position in the Cartesian coordinate system and the predicted position is less than or equal to a set distance, store the converted decoded information in the current aircraft raw data list and execute S400; otherwise, wait to receive the aircraft information at the next moment and execute S100 when the aircraft information at the next moment is received.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the set distance can satisfy the following conditions:

[0026] d0 = (2ln20) 1 / 2 ×δ, where d0 is the set distance and δ is the preset variance, which can be an empirical value.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the initial value of the current aircraft raw data list is empty. The data in the aircraft raw data list is stored in chronological order, and each line of data includes time, aircraft identification code (ICAO 24-bit address code or Mode A code), x-coordinate, y-coordinate, z-coordinate, ground speed, and heading.

[0028] S400: The current message header information in the current aircraft raw data list is compared with the previous message header information. If the two message header information are not from the same sensor, the time, position, ground speed and heading of the aircraft information corresponding to the two message header information are fused separately, and the vertical speed corresponding to the current time is obtained as the first aircraft fused information corresponding to the current time and stored in the current air traffic aircraft information table. If the two message header information are from the same sensor, the aircraft information received at the current time is stored in the current air traffic aircraft information table.

[0029] As those skilled in the art will know, the sensor in the embodiments of the present invention may be a secondary radar or a multi-point positioning system.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current message header information and the previous message header information are CAT001 and CAT020, it indicates that the information was collected by the A / C mode secondary radar and multi-point positioning system, and is then associated using the Mode A code. If they are CAT048 and CAT020, it indicates that the information was collected by the S mode secondary radar and multi-point positioning system, and is then associated using the ICAO 24-bit address code. If they are CAT001 and CAT001, CAT020 and CAT020, or CAT048 and CAT048, it indicates that the information was collected by the same sensor.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, the time, position, ground speed, and heading in the aircraft information corresponding to the two message headers can be fused using the following condition 1:

[0032] Condition 1: FI = k1 2 / (k1 2 +k2 2 )×C1+k2 2 / (k1 2 +k2 2 )×C2, where FI represents the fused time, position, ground speed, or heading; C1 represents the time, position, ground speed, or heading corresponding to the secondary radar; C2 represents the time, position, ground speed, or heading corresponding to the multi-point positioning system; k1 represents the weight corresponding to the secondary radar; and k2 represents the weight corresponding to the multi-point positioning system. k1 and k2 can be empirical values, and k1+k2=1.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the vertical velocity at the current moment can be obtained through the following condition 2:

[0034] Condition 2: VR = (Z) t -Z t-1 ) / (T t -T t-1 ), where VR is the vertical velocity at the current moment, and Z t The aircraft information received at the current moment is converted into its Z-coordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system. t-1 The Z-coordinate of the aircraft information received in the previous time step is converted into the position in the Cartesian coordinate system. t T represents the time corresponding to the current moment. t-1 This is the time corresponding to the previous moment.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the data in the current air traffic aircraft information table is stored in chronological order. Each row of data includes T, Lat, Lon, Alt, V, Ang, and VR, where T represents the time corresponding to the row of data, Lat represents the longitude corresponding to the row of data, Lon represents the latitude corresponding to the row of data, Alt represents the altitude corresponding to the row of data, V represents the ground speed corresponding to the row of data, Ang represents the heading angle corresponding to the row of data, and VR represents the vertical speed corresponding to the row of data.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the ADS-B ground station is used to generate TIS-B data packets based on the received first aircraft fusion information and send them to the TIS-B receiving module via the 1090ES link, and to receive ADS-B data packets broadcast by the ADS-B transceiver module based on the 1090ES link, and to generate CAT021 message information based on the received ADS-B data packets and send it to the flight service cloud server.

[0037] Specifically, the ADS-B ground station encodes the received first aircraft fusion information according to the RTCA DO-260B / C TIS-B message format to obtain TIS-B data messages. It then parses and processes the received ADS-B data messages according to the message version (RTCADO-260 / A / B / C) and message type (position message, speed message, etc.). Finally, it encapsulates the parsed and processed messages according to the CAT021 protocol standard to obtain CAT021 message information.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the flight service cloud server is used to receive airborne transmission information and divide the received airborne transmission information into text information and image / video information. The airborne transmission information is sent to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, the text information is sent to the BeiDou command aircraft, and the image / video information is sent to the airborne display and control terminal via a 5G air-to-ground communication network (i.e., 5G ATG) and a low-orbit satellite link. The airborne transmission information includes airborne uplink information and airborne downlink information. The airborne uplink information includes civil aviation meteorological information, ground air traffic control information, civil aviation intelligence information, and first user information. The airborne downlink information includes CAT021 message information, black box recorded data, and second user information. The first user information is information input by the user corresponding to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, and the second user information is information input by the user corresponding to the airborne display and control terminal.

[0039] Among them, civil aviation meteorological information is information received from the civil aviation meteorological center, including routine weather reports, special weather reports, airport weather forecasts, etc. provided by the civil aviation meteorological center, as well as key meteorological intelligence text information such as time, wind speed, wind direction, temperature, dew point, visibility, altimeter reading, and cloud height, and image and video information such as special purpose airspace, temporary flight restriction areas, and upper-level wind forecasts.

[0040] Ground air traffic control information refers to information provided by ground air traffic control departments, including image and video information such as NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen), Notices of Snow, Notices of Birds, and Notices of Volcanic Ash.

[0041] Civil aviation intelligence information refers to information provided by civil aviation intelligence departments, including textual and image / video information on traffic intelligence provided by civil aviation intelligence departments. The textual information on traffic intelligence provided by civil aviation intelligence departments includes information on airway facilities such as navigation beacons, airspace type, whether the takeoff and landing airports have fuel supply and aircraft maintenance capabilities, and airport runway length and classification. The image / video information provided by civil aviation intelligence departments includes airway route maps, arrival and departure procedures, etc.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the users corresponding to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal include regulatory authorities, airlines, and air traffic controllers, while the users corresponding to the airborne display and control terminal are pilots. The first user information may include control commands such as "return to base" and "please report the aircraft's current altitude" issued by the user corresponding to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal. The second user information may include text information input by the pilot on the airborne display and control terminal, such as "received" or "the aircraft's current altitude is XXX."

[0043] The flight service cloud server stores the received information separately as text and image / video. Text information is sent to the BeiDou command aircraft in real time, while image / video information is adaptively uploaded to the airborne display and control terminal via 5G ATG and low-Earth orbit satellite links using mobile communication base stations / gateways. In areas with good 5G ATG coverage, 5G ATG upload is preferred; in remote areas, low-Earth orbit satellite links are preferred.

[0044] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the BeiDou command aircraft is used to receive the second user information via the BeiDou short message link and send it to the flight service cloud server, as well as to send the received text information via the BeiDou short message link.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the BeiDou command device is used to send received text information through the BeiDou short message link based on a preset BeiDou short message. The preset BeiDou short message has the following format: data header + message length + message time + message type + length of message content corresponding to the message type + specific message information + message checksum. The message length, message time, message type, length of message content corresponding to the message type, and specific message information are encoded in hexadecimal. The data header has a length of 2 bytes, the message length has a length of 2 bytes, the message time has a length of 4 bytes, the message type has a length of 1 byte, the length of the message content included in the message type is the actual length of that message content, and message content not included in the message type is placed using 2 bytes of all-zero data bits. The message checksum has a length of 1 byte.

[0046] Specifically, the preset BeiDou short message service can be shown in Table 1 below:

[0047] Table 1:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Furthermore, the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal is used to process the airborne transmission information sent by the flight service cloud server to obtain the corresponding processing results, which may specifically include:

[0051] The received CAT021 message information is decoded to obtain the corresponding aircraft information. A map is then overlaid on the obtained aircraft information to generate monitoring information, which is sent to the corresponding users to provide basic real-time monitoring of low-altitude aircraft for ground-based regulatory departments, airlines, controllers, etc.

[0052] The system visualizes meteorological and airspace information received from aerial transmissions, providing flight environment information services to ground-based regulatory authorities, airlines, and air traffic controllers.

[0053] Based on the position data in the received CAT021 message, calculate the Euclidean distance between any two aircraft within the monitoring range. If the Euclidean distance between any two aircraft is less than the alarm distance threshold, generate a conflict alarm message. Also, determine whether the aircraft is located in the temporary flight restriction airspace based on the position data in the CAT021 message. If so, generate an aircraft entering a no-fly zone alarm message.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the ADS-B transceiver module is used to broadcast ADS-B data packets corresponding to its own aircraft, and to receive ADS-B data packets corresponding to other aircraft and send them to the airborne display control terminal.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the ADS-B transceiver module has ADS-B OUT and ADS-B IN functions, which can broadcast the aircraft's own ICAO 24-bit address code, latitude and longitude, altitude, speed, heading and other information to the outside world, and can directly receive aircraft information broadcast by other aircraft in the surrounding airspace that have ADS-B OUT capabilities in real time.

[0056] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the TIS-B receiving module is used to receive TIS-B data packets sent by the ADS-B ground station and send them to the airborne display and control terminal to further enrich the aircraft's traffic situation information.

[0057] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the BeiDou short message communication module is used to realize the air-to-ground communication function between the airborne terminal and the BeiDou command aircraft based on the BeiDou short message link. Specifically, it is used to receive text information sent by the BeiDou command aircraft through the BeiDou short message link and send it to the airborne display and control terminal, as well as to send the second user information through the BeiDou short message link.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the black box may include a dedicated device for in-cockpit quick access recorder, cockpit voice recorder, and flight data recorder, and has a real-time external video download function, facilitating airlines, aircraft maintenance departments, safety management departments, etc., to obtain the recorder data in real time for flight technical inspections, safety assessments, safety incident investigations, and aircraft maintenance, ensuring flight safety. Specifically, the black box is used to send the recorded data to the airborne display and control terminal, and to send the recorded data to the flight service cloud server via a low-Earth orbit satellite link.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the airborne display control terminal is used to receive message information sent by the ADS-B transceiver module, the TIS-B receiving module and the Beidou short message communication module, process the received message information to obtain the corresponding processing results, and send the data recorded by the black box to the flight service cloud server through the 5G air-to-ground communication link and the low-orbit satellite link.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the airborne display control terminal can be a tablet computer or mobile phone loaded with general aviation low-altitude flight service software, which provides the crew with traffic situation information services, alarm services, operating environment information services, take-off and landing airport condition queries, black box recorded data (such as aircraft quality data, aircraft key system technical status parameters) forwarding and air-to-ground communication services.

[0061] Furthermore, the airborne display control terminal is used to receive message information sent by the ADS-B transceiver module, the TIS-B receiving module, and the Beidou short message communication module, and to process the received message information to obtain the corresponding processing results. Specifically, it may include the following operations:

[0062] Operation 1: Merge the received ADS-B and TIS-B data packets belonging to the same aircraft to obtain the corresponding second aircraft fusion information and obtain the second aircraft fusion information table.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the second aircraft fusion information may include time, aircraft identification code (including ICAO 24-bit address code or Mode A code), longitude, latitude, altitude, ground speed, heading, and vertical speed.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the time, position, ground speed, heading, and vertical speed corresponding to ADS-B data packets and TIS-B data packets can be fused using the following condition 3:

[0065] Condition 3: FIA = w1 2 / (w1 2 +w2 2 )×D1+w2 2 / (w1 2 +w2 2 )×D2, where FIA ​​represents the time, position, ground speed, heading, or vertical rate after fusion of ADS-B and TIS-B data packets; D1 represents the time, position, ground speed, heading, or vertical rate corresponding to the ADS-B data packet; D2 represents the time, position, ground speed, heading, or vertical rate corresponding to the TIS-B data packet; w1 represents the weight corresponding to the ADS-B data packet; and w2 represents the weight corresponding to the TIS-B data packet. w1 and w2 can be empirical values, and w1 + w2 = 1.

[0066] Operation 2: Using the location in the fused information of the second aircraft of the parent aircraft (i.e., the host aircraft) as the center and a preset value as the radius, a loading area is generated. If the parent aircraft is in the air, a satellite image map is loaded within the loading area; if the parent aircraft is on the ground, an airport map is loaded within the loading area. In one illustrative embodiment, the preset value can be 200 kilometers.

[0067] Operation 3: Real-time display of the second aircraft fusion information of the owner aircraft, the second aircraft fusion information of the associated aircraft within the associated range of the owner aircraft, and the real-time display of the straight-line distance between the owner aircraft and the associated aircraft. If the straight-line distance between the owner aircraft and the associated aircraft is less than a preset alarm threshold, such as 1.4 NM, a conflict alarm reminder message is generated.

[0068] The distance between the belonging aircraft and the associated aircraft can be calculated based on the position in the fused information of the corresponding second aircraft.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, conflict alarm information can be generated by visual highlighting.

[0070] Operation 4: Based on the location of the second aircraft fusion information of the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs, obtain and display the meteorological information within a preset range, such as 200 kilometers, corresponding to the location. If a volcanic ash notification is received, display the location, range, and direction of movement of the volcanic ash corresponding to the notification. Calculate the relative distance between the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs and the corresponding volcanic ash using the aircraft's location, heading, and speed. If the calculated relative distance is less than a preset alarm threshold, such as 5 kilometers, generate a visual alarm message.

[0071] Operation 5: Based on the location in the second aircraft fusion information of the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs, determine whether the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs is located in the temporary flight restriction airspace. If so, generate an alarm message for the aircraft entering the no-fly zone.

[0072] Operation 6: If the received message information indicates that the upper-level wind forecast, navigation notice, snow condition notice, bird condition notice, and volcanic ash notice have been updated, then generate the corresponding pop-up information.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the airborne display and control terminal uses different color blocks to mark the received special-purpose airspace and temporary flight restriction areas. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the airborne display and control terminal also uses standardized symbols to display navigation beacons, air routes, and airway facilities. When the aircraft enters the takeoff or landing phase, it automatically loads airport arrival and departure procedures to guide the pilot's flight and support queries for takeoff and landing airport conditions. Specifically, by inputting keywords such as the airport's three-letter code, users can quickly query information such as whether the airport has fuel supply, aircraft maintenance, airport runway length and classification, and bird activity.

[0074] In summary, the general aviation low-altitude flight information service system provided by the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0075] (1) Aircraft information obtained from secondary radar and multi-point positioning systems is processed through correlation and fusion, encapsulated in TIS-B message format, and uploaded to the airborne terminal via the 1090ES link. Combined with ADS-B message information broadcast by other aircraft in the air, the pilot can perceive the surrounding traffic situation. At the same time, the aircraft's own ICAO 24-bit address code, latitude and longitude, altitude, ground speed, heading, vertical speed, and other information, encapsulated in ADS-B message format by the ADS-B transceiver module, is transmitted down to the ground terminal via the 1090ES link, which can provide ground control personnel with enhanced air traffic situation monitoring capabilities.

[0076] (2) Key meteorological and traffic information obtained from the Civil Aviation Meteorological Service Center and the Civil Aviation Intelligence Department, as well as control command text information issued by air traffic control and airlines, are encapsulated in a customized BeiDou short message data format and uploaded to the airborne terminal via the BeiDou short message link, enabling pilots to perceive meteorological and traffic information. At the same time, the location positioning and message communication functions of the BeiDou short message communication module are used to achieve timely two-way information transmission between pilots and ground control personnel via the BeiDou short message link.

[0077] (3) Image and video information such as special-purpose airspace, temporary flight restriction areas, and NOTAMs issued by the Civil Aviation Meteorological Service Center and ground air traffic control departments will be uploaded via 5G ATG and low-Earth orbit satellite links. In areas with good 5G ATG coverage, 5G ATG will be the preferred method of uploading, while in remote areas, low-Earth orbit satellite links will be the preferred method of uploading. This will enhance pilots' awareness of airspace information and operational environment information. At the same time, it will support the downlink of black box data via low-Earth orbit satellite links. In the event of satellite link interruption, key data such as aircraft quality data and key aircraft system technical status parameters in the black box will be forwarded by the airborne display and control terminal and transmitted in real time via 5G ATG. This will enable ground supervisors to obtain real-time information on aircraft flight parameters and aircraft health status.

[0078] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0079] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A general aviation low-altitude flight information service system, characterized in that, The system includes: a monitoring data acquisition and processing module, a TIS-B server, an ADS-B ground station, a Beidou command aircraft, a flight service cloud server, and a general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal set on the ground; and an ADS-B transceiver module, a TIS-B receiving module, a Beidou short message communication module, an airborne display and control terminal, and a black box set on the airborne end. The surveillance data acquisition and processing module is used to acquire aircraft information obtained by the secondary radar and multi-point positioning system and send it to the TIS-B server. The TIS-B server is used to perform fusion processing on the aircraft information sent by the surveillance data acquisition and processing module, generate first aircraft fusion information, and send the generated first aircraft fusion information to the ADS-B ground station. The ADS-B ground station is used to generate TIS-B data packets based on the received first aircraft fusion information and send them to the TIS-B receiving module through the 1090ES link, and to receive ADS-B data packets broadcast by the ADS-B transceiver module based on the 1090ES link, and to generate CAT021 message information based on the received ADS-B data packets and send it to the flight service cloud server. The flight service cloud server is used to receive airborne transmission information and divide the received airborne transmission information into text information and image / video information. The airborne transmission information is sent to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, the text information is sent to the Beidou command aircraft, and the image / video information is sent to the airborne display and control terminal through the 5G ground-to-air communication network and low-orbit satellite link. The airborne transmission information includes airborne uplink information and airborne downlink information. The airborne uplink information includes civil aviation meteorological information, ground air traffic control information, civil aviation intelligence information, and first user information. The airborne downlink information includes CAT021 message information, black box recorded data, and second user information. The first user information is the information input by the user corresponding to the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal, and the second user information is the information input by the user corresponding to the airborne display and control terminal. The Beidou command aircraft is used to receive the second user information via the Beidou short message link and send it to the flight service cloud server, as well as to send the received text information via the Beidou short message link. The general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal is used to process the air transmission information sent by the flight service cloud server and obtain the corresponding processing results. The ADS-B transceiver module is used to broadcast ADS-B data packets corresponding to its own aircraft, and to receive ADS-B data packets corresponding to other aircraft and send them to the airborne display control terminal; the TIS-B receiving module is used to receive TIS-B data packets sent by the ADS-B ground station and send them to the airborne display control terminal. The BeiDou short message communication module is used to receive text information sent by the BeiDou command machine through the BeiDou short message link and send it to the airborne display and control terminal, as well as to send the second user information through the BeiDou short message link. The black box is used to send the recorded data to the airborne display and control terminal, and to send the recorded data to the flight service cloud server via a low-orbit satellite link; The airborne display and control terminal is used to receive message information sent by the ADS-B transceiver module, the TIS-B receiving module, and the Beidou short message communication module, process the received message information to obtain the corresponding processing results, and send the data recorded by the black box to the flight service cloud server through the 5G air-to-ground communication link and the low-orbit satellite link.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The TIS-B server is used to fuse the aircraft information sent by the surveillance data acquisition and processing module to generate first aircraft fused information, specifically including the following steps: S100 decodes the aircraft information received at the current moment to obtain the corresponding decoded information, and converts the position in the decoded information into a position in a Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the converted decoded information; S200: Based on the aircraft identification code in the aircraft information received at the current time, retrieve the first aircraft fusion information corresponding to the aircraft identification code from the current air traffic aircraft information table at the previous time, and predict the current position of the aircraft corresponding to the aircraft identification code based on the retrieved first aircraft fusion information at the previous time, and obtain the corresponding predicted position. S300: If the distance between the converted position in the Cartesian coordinate system and the predicted position is less than or equal to a set distance, store the converted decoded information in the current aircraft raw data list and execute S400; otherwise, wait to receive the aircraft information at the next moment and execute S100 when the aircraft information at the next moment is received. S400: The current message header information in the current aircraft raw data list is compared with the previous message header information. If the two message header information are not from the same sensor, the time, position, ground speed and heading of the aircraft information corresponding to the two message header information are fused separately, and the vertical speed corresponding to the current time is obtained as the first aircraft fused information corresponding to the current time and stored in the current air traffic aircraft information table. If the two message header information are from the same sensor, the aircraft information received at the current time is stored in the current air traffic aircraft information table.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The following condition 1 is used to fuse the time, position, ground speed, and heading of the aircraft information corresponding to the two message headers: Condition 1: FI = k1 2 / (k1 2 +k2 2 )×C1+k2 2 / (k1 2 +k2 2 )×C2, where FI represents the fused time, position, ground speed or heading, C1 represents the time, position, ground speed or heading corresponding to the secondary radar, C2 represents the time, position, ground speed or heading corresponding to the multi-point positioning system, k1 represents the weight corresponding to the secondary radar, and k2 represents the weight corresponding to the multi-point positioning system. The vertical velocity at the current moment can be obtained using the following condition 2: Condition 2: VR = (Z) t -Z t-1 ) / (T t -T t-1 ), where VR is the vertical velocity at the current moment, and Z t The Z-coordinate of the aircraft information received at the current moment is converted into its position in a Cartesian coordinate system. t-1 To convert the aircraft information received in the previous moment into its Z-coordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system, T t T represents the time corresponding to the current moment. t-1 This is the time corresponding to the previous moment.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The set distance satisfies the following conditions: d0 = (2ln20) 1 / 2 ×δ, where d0 is the set distance and δ is the preset variance.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Beidou command unit is used to send the received text information through the Beidou short message link based on the preset Beidou short message; The preset BeiDou short message format is as follows: data header + message length + message time + message type + length of message content corresponding to the message type + specific message information + message check code. The message length, message time, message type, length of message content corresponding to the message type, and specific message information are encoded in hexadecimal. The data header is 2 bytes long, the message length is 2 bytes long, the message time is 4 bytes long, the message type is 1 byte long, the length of the message content included in the message type is the actual length of that message content, and message content not included in the message type is placed using 2 bytes of all-zero data bits. The message check code is 1 byte long.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal is used to process the airborne transmission information sent by the flight service cloud server to obtain the corresponding processing results, specifically including: The received CAT021 message information is decoded to obtain the corresponding aircraft information. A map is then overlaid on the obtained aircraft information to generate monitoring information, which is then sent to the corresponding user. The meteorological and airspace information received from aerial transmissions is visualized. Based on the position data in the received CAT021 message, calculate the Euclidean distance between any two aircraft within the monitoring range. If the Euclidean distance between any two aircraft is less than the alarm distance threshold, generate a conflict alarm message. Also, determine whether the aircraft is located in the temporary flight restriction airspace based on the position data in the CAT021 message. If so, generate an aircraft entering a no-fly zone alarm message.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airborne display and control terminal is used to receive message information sent by the ADS-B transceiver module, the TIS-B receiving module, and the Beidou short message communication module, and to process the received message information to obtain the corresponding processing results, specifically including: The received ADS-B data packets and TIS-B data packets belonging to the same aircraft are fused to obtain the corresponding second aircraft fusion information, and the second aircraft fusion information table is obtained. Using the location in the fused information of the second aircraft of the parent aircraft as the center and a preset value as the radius, a loading area is generated. If the parent aircraft is in the air, a satellite image map is loaded in the loading area; if the parent aircraft is on the ground, an airport map is loaded in the loading area. The system displays the second aircraft fusion information of the aircraft to which it belongs, the second aircraft fusion information of the associated aircraft within the associated range of the aircraft to which it belongs, and the straight-line distance between the aircraft to which it belongs and the associated aircraft in real time. If the straight-line distance between the aircraft to which it belongs and the associated aircraft is less than a preset alarm threshold, a conflict alarm reminder is generated. Based on the location of the second aircraft fusion information of the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs, the meteorological information within the preset range corresponding to the location is obtained and displayed. If a volcanic ash notification is received, the location, range and direction of movement of the volcanic ash corresponding to the volcanic ash notification are displayed. The relative distance between the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs and the corresponding volcanic ash is calculated by using the location, heading and speed of the aircraft to which the aircraft belongs. If the calculated relative distance is less than the preset alarm threshold, a visual alarm message is generated. Based on the location in the fusion information of the second aircraft of the parent aircraft, determine whether the parent aircraft is located in the temporary flight restriction airspace. If so, generate an alarm message for the aircraft entering the no-fly zone. If the received message information indicates that there are updates to the upper-level wind forecast, navigation notice, snow warning, bird warning, or volcanic ash warning, then the corresponding pop-up message will be generated.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The black box includes a cockpit quick access recorder, a cockpit voice recorder, and a dedicated flight data recorder.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Users of the general aviation low-altitude flight information service terminal include regulatory authorities, airlines, and air traffic controllers, while users of the airborne display and control terminal are pilots.

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