A cathode-closed air-cooled fuel cell system

Abstract

This invention discloses a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell system, aiming to reduce the internal temperature difference of the fuel cell and improve system efficiency and stability. The system includes a fuel cell, an oxidant gas supply unit, a fuel gas supply unit, and a temperature management unit, as well as a control and conversion unit (FDC) integrating a fuel cell controller and a DC-DC converter. The oxidant gas supply unit controls the reaction air temperature through the reaction air supply and exhaust paths, and uses a first temperature sensor and an oxidant driver to switch between preheating and normal modes. The fuel gas supply unit is equipped with a heat exchanger to preheat the reaction hydrogen with the help of an external heat source, reducing the temperature difference between the hydrogen inlet and outlet. The temperature management unit controls the cooling air supply, exhaust, and circulation paths, as well as the second temperature sensor and the control and conversion unit (FDC), to switch between full-cycle mode, partial-cycle mode, and direct exhaust mode, maintaining a stable cooling air inlet temperature. This system, through precise temperature control and gas management, effectively reduces the internal temperature difference of the fuel cell, improves fuel cell performance and low-temperature start-up capability, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air-cooled fuel cell system technology, and in particular to a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy stored in fuel gas and oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as "reactant gas") into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution, and has broad application prospects.

[0003] Fuel cells typically have a stacked structure composed of multiple individual cells, collectively referred to in the industry as a fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as "fuel cell"). Each individual cell has the following structure: a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate (BP), with a flow field formed between them for supplying reactant gases along the surface of the MEA. The reactant gases flow from a supply manifold located at the outer edge of one side of the bipolar plate across the surface of the MEA and toward an exhaust manifold located at the outer edge of the other side of the bipolar plate. An electrochemical reaction occurs by supplying fuel gas to the anode electrode surface and oxidant gas to the cathode electrode surface, thereby generating electricity. Its working principle is as follows:

[0004] Anode: H2 → 2H + +2e -

[0005] Cathode: 1 / 2O2 + H + +2e - →H2O

[0006] Fuel cell reaction: H2 + 1 / 2O2 → H2O

[0007] Fuel cells can be classified into air-cooled fuel cells (hereinafter referred to as "air-cooled fuel cells" or "fuel cells") and liquid-cooled fuel cells (hereinafter referred to as "liquid-cooled fuel cells") based on their cooling methods.

[0008] Patent Document 1: Invention Patent with Application Publication Number CN115441011.

[0009] Patent Document 2: Invention Patent with Application Publication Number CN108400367A.

[0010] Patent Document 1 describes a method for circulating cooling air using the heat generated during power generation to raise the temperature to a suitable level for fuel cell power generation. Because the oxidant and fuel gases are not preheated, condensation and water accumulation can easily occur inside the fuel cell at low temperatures, leading to a sharp decline in the performance of the individual cells and ultimately reducing the overall performance of the fuel cell.

[0011] Patent Document 2 describes a device for collecting heat generated by a fuel cell and transferring that heat to the input terminals of the oxidant gas and cooling gas, as well as a device for using the heat generated by the fuel cell to heat the fuel gas delivery section to raise the fuel gas temperature. Because the air that has undergone the reaction circulates within the fuel cell system in Patent Document 2, both gaseous and liquid water from the air participate in the circulation simultaneously. This easily leads to condensation on the inner walls of the circulation structure and inside the fuel cell, resulting in water accumulation at the bottom of the system. This negatively impacts the performance of the fuel cell system and its ability to start up at low temperatures.

[0012] Because the heat capacity of air as a refrigerant is much lower than that of water as a refrigerant, air-cooled fuel cells are more prone to thermal runaway. Furthermore, in low-temperature environments, the large temperature gradient inside an air-cooled fuel cell makes it susceptible to water blockage in low-temperature areas, severely impacting fuel cell performance. Therefore, a system that can effectively reduce the internal temperature difference of an air-cooled fuel cell is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of this invention is to provide a system that can effectively reduce the internal temperature difference of an air-cooled fuel cell.

[0014] The air-cooled fuel cell system of the present invention is characterized in that the air-cooled fuel cell system comprises: a fuel cell, which is a membrane power generation device that uses fuel gas and oxidant gas to carry out an electrochemical reaction; an oxidant gas supply unit that supplies reaction air to the fuel cell; a fuel gas supply unit that supplies reaction hydrogen to the fuel cell; a temperature management unit that provides the fuel cell with an optimal operating temperature; and a control and conversion unit (hereinafter referred to as "FDC") that integrates a fuel cell controller and a DC-DC converter for controlling the fuel cell and controlling the load output.

[0015] The aforementioned oxidant gas supply unit includes: a reaction air supply passage and a reaction air exhaust passage.

[0016] Specifically, the reaction air supply path includes: a first filter for purifying the reaction air entering the oxidant supply unit; an oxidant actuator for providing driving force for the reaction air to enter, exit, and circulate in the fuel cell; a first valve for controlling the opening of the reaction air supply path; and a first temperature sensor for collecting the reaction air temperature at the fuel cell inlet.

[0017] Specifically, the reaction air emission path includes a second valve that controls the opening degree of the above-mentioned reaction air emission path.

[0018] The aforementioned reactive air supply passage is connected at its front end to the fuel cell cooling air inlet, and at its rear end to the aforementioned reactive air supply passage. The aforementioned reactive air emission passage is connected at its front end to the aforementioned reactive air emission passage, and at its rear end to the atmosphere.

[0019] The aforementioned reactant air supply path and reactant air exhaust path together constitute the reactant air exhaust path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned FDC uses the temperature value collected by the aforementioned first temperature sensor to control the opening of the oxidant actuator and the second valve, thereby realizing the switching between preheating mode and normal mode.

[0020] Specifically, the preheating mode is configured to control the opening of the oxidant actuator and the second valve, causing the operating point of the oxidant actuator to move towards the blockage area, increasing the heat generated by the oxidant actuator, and thus raising the temperature of the reaction air. This effectively reduces the temperature difference between the reaction air supply path and the reaction air exhaust path.

[0021] Specifically, the normal mode is configured to move the operating point of the oxidizer driver within the safe zone by controlling the opening of the oxidizer driver and the second valve, thereby increasing the energy utilization efficiency of the oxidizer driver.

[0022] The aforementioned fuel gas supply unit includes: a hydrogen supply path, a hydrogen emission path, a hydrogen circulation path, and a hydrogen release path.

[0023] Specifically, the hydrogen supply path includes: a hydrogen source, a device for storing hydrogen; a pressure regulating valve for regulating the hydrogen supply pressure; a heat exchanger for preheating the hydrogen with the help of an external heat source; an ejector for providing driving force for the circulation of hydrogen in the fuel cell; and a fourth temperature sensor for collecting the temperature of hydrogen at the fuel cell inlet.

[0024] Specifically, the hydrogen emission pathway includes: a solenoid valve to control the discharge of fuel exhaust gas and water to the outside of the system.

[0025] Specifically, the hydrogen circulation path includes: a moisture separator, a device for separating the hydrogen and water; and a one-way valve, which prevents the hydrogen from flowing in the reverse circulation direction.

[0026] Specifically, the hydrogen release pathway includes a safety valve that opens when the hydrogen supply pressure exceeds a safe value.

[0027] The aforementioned hydrogen supply path is connected to a hydrogen source at its inlet and at its end. The aforementioned hydrogen emission path is connected to the moisture emitter's outlet at its inlet and at its end to the atmosphere. The aforementioned hydrogen circulation path is connected to the hydrogen emission path at its inlet and at its end to the ejector's suction port. The aforementioned hydrogen venting path is connected to the ejector's inlet at its inlet and at its end to the atmosphere.

[0028] The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen emission path together constitute the hydrogen (exhaust gas) discharge path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen circulation path together constitute the hydrogen circulation path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen venting path together constitute the hydrogen venting path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. Because the aforementioned hydrogen supply path is equipped with a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can preheat the hydrogen with the help of an external heat source, increasing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell and effectively reducing the temperature difference between the hydrogen supply path and the hydrogen emission path.

[0029] The temperature management unit described above includes: a cooling air supply path, a cooling air exhaust path, and a cooling air circulation path.

[0030] Specifically, the cooling air supply path includes: a second filter to purify the cooling air entering the temperature management unit; a fourth valve to control the opening of the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell; and a second temperature sensor to collect the temperature of the cooling air at the fuel cell inlet.

[0031] Specifically, the cooling air exhaust path includes: a third temperature sensor to collect the temperature of the fuel cell; a coolant driver to provide driving force for the cooling air to enter, exit and circulate in the fuel cell; and a thermostatic valve to control the opening ratio of the fuel cell cooling air exhaust port toward two different paths, the two paths being connected to the atmospheric end and the front end of the cooling air circulation path, respectively.

[0032] Specifically, the cooling air circulation path includes a second heater, which heats the cooling gas entering the cooling air circulation path.

[0033] The cooling air supply passage is connected to the atmosphere at its front end and to the fuel cell cooling air inlet at its rear end. The cooling air exhaust passage is connected to the fuel cell cooling air exhaust port at its front end and to both the atmosphere and the front end of the cooling air circulation passage at its rear end. The cooling air circulation passage is connected to the rear end of the cooling air exhaust passage at its front end and to the fuel cell cooling air inlet at its rear end.

[0034] The aforementioned cooling air supply path and cooling air exhaust path together constitute the cooling air exhaust path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned cooling air supply path, cooling air exhaust path, and cooling air circulation path together constitute the cooling air circulation path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned FDC controls the fuel cell system to switch between full circulation mode, partial circulation mode, and direct exhaust mode based on the temperature value collected by the aforementioned second temperature sensor. The aforementioned FDC achieves the switching between different modes by controlling the aforementioned thermostatic valve, second heater, and fourth valve.

[0035] Specifically, the full-cycle mode is configured such that the fourth valve is completely closed, the thermostatic valve is fully open in the direction of the cooling air circulation path, and all cooling air circulates inside the fuel cell system and is heated by the second heater.

[0036] Specifically, the partial circulation mode is configured such that the fourth valve is partially open, the thermostatic valve is partially open in the direction of the cooling air circulation path and partially open in the direction of the atmosphere, the cooling air is partially circulated inside the fuel cell system and partially discharged into the atmosphere, without the need for a second heater to heat up.

[0037] Specifically, in the direct exhaust mode, the fourth valve is fully open, the thermostatic valve is fully open towards the atmosphere, and all cooling air is exhausted into the atmosphere through the cooling air exhaust passage.

[0038] By switching between the three modes mentioned above, the temperature of the fuel cell cooling air inlet can be kept stable, which can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the fuel cell cooling air inlet and the fuel cell cooling air outlet. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Appendix Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the air-cooled fuel cell system described in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0040] Appendix Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the air-cooled fuel cell system described in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0041] Appendix Figure 3 This is a control flowchart of the oxidant gas supply unit of an air-cooled fuel cell system as described in this application;

[0042] Appendix Figure 4 This is a control flowchart of a temperature management unit for an air-cooled fuel cell system as described in this application;

[0043] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0044] 10-Fuel cell; 100-Oxidant gas supply unit; 101-First filter; 102-Oxidant actuator; 103-First valve; 104-First temperature sensor; 105-Second valve; 106-Third valve; 107-First heater; 200-Fuel gas supply unit; 201-Hydrogen source; 202-Pressure regulating valve; 203-Heat exchanger; 204-Safety valve; 205-Ejector; 206-Fourth temperature sensor; 207-Moisture separator; 208-Solenoid valve; 209-Check valve; 300-Temperature management unit; 301-Second filter; 302-Fourth valve; 303-Second temperature sensor; 304-Third temperature sensor; 305-Coolant actuator; 306-Thermostatic valve; 307-Second heater; 308-Fifth valve; 90-FDC. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the air-cooled fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of this application. The air-cooled fuel cell system of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a fuel cell 10, which is a membrane power generation device that uses fuel gas and oxidant gas to perform an electrochemical reaction; an oxidant gas supply unit 100, which supplies reaction air to the fuel cell; a fuel gas supply unit 200, which supplies reaction hydrogen to the fuel cell; a temperature management unit 300, which provides the fuel cell with an optimal operating temperature; and an FDC 90, which integrates a fuel cell controller and a DC-DC converter for controlling the fuel cell and controlling the load output.

[0047] The aforementioned oxidant gas supply unit 100 includes: a reaction air supply passage and a reaction air discharge passage.

[0048] Specifically, the reaction air supply path includes: a first filter 101, which purifies the reaction air entering the oxidant supply unit; an oxidant driver 102, which provides driving force for the reaction air to enter, exit and circulate in the fuel cell; a first valve 103, which controls the opening of the reaction air supply path; and a first temperature sensor 104, which collects the reaction air temperature at the fuel cell inlet.

[0049] Specifically, the reaction air emission passage includes a second valve 105, which controls the opening degree of the above-mentioned reaction air emission passage.

[0050] The aforementioned reaction air supply passage is connected at its front end to the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10, and at its rear end to the reaction air inlet of the fuel cell 10. The aforementioned reaction air exhaust passage is connected at its front end to the reaction air exhaust outlet of the fuel cell 10, and at its rear end to the atmosphere.

[0051] The aforementioned reaction air supply path and reaction air exhaust path together constitute the reaction air exhaust path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned FDC90 uses the temperature value collected by the aforementioned first temperature sensor 104 to control the opening degree of the oxidant driver 102 and the second valve 105, thereby realizing the switching between preheating mode and normal mode.

[0052] Specifically, since the aforementioned reaction air supply passage is connected to the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10, the reaction air entering the fuel cell 10 undergoes dual purification via the first filter 101 and the second filter 301, resulting in cleaner reaction air and effectively extending the fuel cell's lifespan. Furthermore, the gas temperature at the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10 is relatively stable, ensuring a stable gas temperature entering the reaction air inlet of the fuel cell 10, thereby effectively reducing the temperature difference between the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0053] Specifically, the preheating mode is configured to control the opening of the oxidant actuator 102 and the second valve 105, causing the operating point of the oxidant actuator 102 to move towards the blockage area, increasing the heat generated by the oxidant actuator 102, and thus raising the temperature of the reaction air. This effectively reduces the temperature difference between the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0054] Specifically, in normal mode, the operating point of oxidizer driver 102 is moved within the safe zone by controlling the opening of oxidizer driver 102 and second valve 105, thereby increasing the energy utilization efficiency of oxidizer driver 102.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a control flowchart of the oxidant gas supply unit 100 of an air-cooled fuel cell system according to this application. When the value T1 collected by the first temperature sensor 104 is less than the third temperature threshold, the oxidant supply unit 100 executes the preheating mode. When the value T1 collected by the first temperature sensor 104 is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the oxidant supply unit 100 executes the normal mode.

[0056] The third temperature threshold can be -5℃, 0℃, 5℃, etc., and 0℃ is preferred in this embodiment.

[0057] The aforementioned fuel gas supply unit 200 includes: a hydrogen supply path, a hydrogen emission path, a hydrogen circulation path, and a hydrogen release path.

[0058] Specifically, the hydrogen supply path includes: a hydrogen source 201, a device for storing hydrogen; a pressure regulating valve 202, for regulating the hydrogen supply pressure; a heat exchanger 203, for preheating the hydrogen with the help of an external heat source; an ejector 205, for providing driving force for the circulation of hydrogen in the fuel cell; and a fourth temperature sensor 206, for collecting the temperature of hydrogen at the fuel cell inlet.

[0059] Specifically, the hydrogen emission pathway includes: solenoid valve 208, which controls the discharge of fuel exhaust gas and water to the outside of the system.

[0060] Specifically, the hydrogen circulation path includes: a moisture separator 207, a device for separating hydrogen and water; and a one-way valve 209, which prevents hydrogen from flowing in the reverse circulation direction.

[0061] Specifically, the hydrogen release pathway includes: safety valve 204, which opens when the hydrogen supply pressure exceeds a safe value.

[0062] The aforementioned hydrogen supply path is connected to hydrogen source 201 at its front end and to the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell 10 at its rear end. The hydrogen emission path is connected to the emission end of moisture absorber 207 at its front end and to the atmosphere at its rear end. The hydrogen circulation path is connected to the hydrogen exhaust port of fuel cell 10 at its front end and to the suction port of ejector 205 at its rear end. The hydrogen venting path is connected to the inlet of ejector 205 at its front end and to the atmosphere at its rear end.

[0063] The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen emission path together constitute the hydrogen (exhaust gas) discharge path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen circulation path together constitute the hydrogen circulation path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. The aforementioned hydrogen supply path and hydrogen venting path together constitute the hydrogen venting path of the aforementioned fuel cell system. Because the aforementioned hydrogen supply path is equipped with a heat exchanger 203, the heat exchanger 203 can preheat the hydrogen with the aid of an external heat source, increasing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell 10, and effectively reducing the temperature difference between the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0064] In the first embodiment, the heat source end of the heat exchanger 203 is connected to the hydrogen circulation path. It can use the heat generated by the second heater 307 and the fuel cell 10 during power generation to heat up the hydrogen, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the air-cooled fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of this application. The heat exchanger 203 is connected to the reaction air exhaust passage at its heat source end. It can use the heat generated by the oxidant driver 102 and the fuel cell 10 during power generation to heat the reaction hydrogen, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the reaction hydrogen inlet and the reaction hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0066] The temperature management unit 300 described above includes: a cooling air supply passage, a cooling air exhaust passage, a cooling air circulation passage, and a cooling air bypass.

[0067] Specifically, the cooling air supply path includes: a second filter 301, which purifies the cooling air entering the temperature management unit 300; a fourth valve 302, which controls the opening of the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10; and a second temperature sensor 303, which collects the temperature of the cooling air at the inlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0068] Specifically, the cooling air exhaust path includes: a third temperature sensor 304, which collects the temperature of the fuel cell 10; a coolant driver 305, which provides driving force for the cooling air to enter, exit and circulate in the fuel cell 10; and a thermostatic valve 306, which controls the opening ratio of the cooling air exhaust port of the fuel cell 10 toward two different paths, the two paths being connected to the atmospheric end and the front end of the cooling air circulation path, respectively.

[0069] Specifically, the cooling air circulation path includes a second heater 307, which heats the cooling gas entering the cooling air circulation path.

[0070] The cooling air supply passage is connected to the atmosphere at its front end and to the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10 at its rear end. The cooling air exhaust passage is connected to the cooling air exhaust port of the fuel cell 10 at its front end and to both the atmosphere and the front end of the cooling air circulation passage at its rear end. The cooling air circulation passage is connected to the rear end of the cooling air exhaust passage at its front end and to the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10 at its rear end.

[0071] The aforementioned cooling air supply passage and the aforementioned cooling air exhaust passage together constitute the cooling air exhaust passage during the power generation of the aforementioned fuel cell 10. The aforementioned cooling air supply passage, cooling air exhaust passage, and cooling air circulation passage together constitute the cooling air circulation passage of the aforementioned fuel cell 10.

[0072] The FDC90 mentioned above controls the fuel cell system to switch between full cycle mode, partial cycle mode and direct exhaust mode based on the temperature value T2 collected by the second temperature sensor 304.

[0073] The FDC90 described above achieves the switching between different modes by controlling the thermostat valve 306, the second heater 307, and the fourth valve 302.

[0074] Specifically, the full circulation mode is configured such that the fourth valve 302 is 0% open, the thermostatic valve 306 is 100% open towards the cooling air circulation path, and the thermostatic valve 306 is 0% open towards the atmosphere. All cooling air circulates within the fuel cell system, and the cooling air temperature is controlled by opening and closing the second heater 307.

[0075] Specifically, in the partial circulation mode, the fourth valve 302 is opened at 5%-95%, the thermostatic valve 306 is opened at 5%-95% towards the cooling air circulation path, and the thermostatic valve 306 is opened at 5%-95% towards the atmosphere. Part of the cooling air circulates inside the fuel cell system, and part is discharged into the atmosphere. The second heater 307 is closed, and the temperature of the cooling air is controlled by the heat generated when the fuel cell 10 generates electricity.

[0076] Specifically, in the direct discharge mode, the fourth valve 302 is 100% open, the thermostatic valve 306 is 0% open in the direction of the cooling air circulation passage, and the thermostatic valve 306 is 100% open in the direction of the atmosphere. All cooling air is discharged into the atmosphere through the cooling air discharge passage, the second heater 307 is closed, and the heat generated by the fuel cell 10 during power generation is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0077] By switching between the above three modes, the temperature T2 of the cooling air inlet of the fuel cell 10 can be kept stable within the set range, which can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the cooling air inlet and the cooling air outlet of the fuel cell 10.

[0078] Figure 4 This is a control flowchart of the temperature management unit of an air-cooled fuel cell system as described in this application.

[0079] When the temperature value T2 collected by the second temperature sensor 304 is less than the first temperature threshold, the FDC90 executes the full cycle mode.

[0080] When the temperature value T2 collected by the second temperature sensor 304 is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, the FDC90 executes a partial loop mode.

[0081] When the temperature value T2 collected by the second temperature sensor 304 is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the FDC90 executes the direct discharge mode.

[0082] When the aforementioned fuel cell system triggers shutdown or an alarm, the FDC90 exits the cycle mode.

[0083] The aforementioned thermostatic valve 306 can be a thermostat, a reversing valve, a louver, etc., and in this embodiment it is a louver.

[0084] The first temperature threshold can be set to 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, etc., with 15℃ being the preferred setting.

[0085] The second temperature threshold can be set to 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, etc., with 25℃ being the preferred setting.

[0086] The first valve 103, the second valve 105, the third valve 106, and the fifth valve 308 mentioned above can be throttle valves, solenoid valves, louvers, etc., and this application preferably uses throttle valves.

[0087] The aforementioned fourth valve 302 and thermostatic valve 30 can be a throttle valve, solenoid valve, reversing valve, louver, etc., and this application preferably uses a louver.

[0088] The first heater 107 and the second heater 307 mentioned above can be PTC modules, heating wire modules, etc., and this application preferably uses PTC modules.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: Fuel cell, a membrane power generation device that uses fuel gas and oxidant gas to carry out an electrochemical reaction; The oxidant gas supply unit provides reaction air to the fuel cell; The fuel gas supply unit provides reactive hydrogen to the fuel cell; The temperature management unit provides the optimal operating temperature for the fuel cell; The control and conversion unit (FDC) integrates the fuel cell controller with the DC-DC converter for controlling the fuel cell and the load output.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxidant gas supply unit includes: a reaction air supply passage and a reaction air discharge passage; The reaction air supply path includes: a first filter, an oxidant actuator, a first valve, and a first temperature sensor; The reaction air venting path includes: a second valve; The control and conversion unit (FDC) uses the value collected by the first temperature sensor to control the oxidant driver and the second valve to switch between preheating mode and normal mode, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the reaction air supply path and the reaction air exhaust path. The preheating mode is configured to move the operating point of the oxidant actuator toward the blockage area, thereby increasing the heat generated by the oxidant actuator. The normal mode configuration moves the oxidizer actuator's operating point toward the safe zone, reducing the heat generated by the oxidizer actuator.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature management unit includes: a cooling air supply passage, a cooling air exhaust passage, and a cooling air circulation passage; The cooling air supply path includes: a second filter, a fourth valve, and a second temperature sensor; The cooling air exhaust path includes: a third temperature sensor, a coolant actuator, and a thermostatic valve; The cooling air circulation path includes: a second heater; The control and conversion unit (FDC) uses the values ​​collected by the second temperature sensor to control the fourth valve, the thermostatic valve, and the second heater to switch between full circulation mode, partial circulation mode, and direct exhaust mode, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the fuel cell cooling air inlet and the fuel cell cooling air outlet. The full-cycle mode is configured such that the fourth valve is 0% open, the thermostatic valve is 100% open towards the cooling air circulation path, and the thermostatic valve is 0% open towards the atmosphere. The cooling air circulates inside the fuel cell system, and the temperature of the cooling air is controlled by opening and closing the second heater. The partial circulation mode is configured such that the fourth valve opening is 5%-95%, the thermostatic valve opening towards the cooling air circulation path is 5%-95%, and the thermostatic valve opening towards the atmosphere is 5%-95%. Part of the cooling air circulates inside the fuel cell system, and part is discharged into the atmosphere. The second heater is turned off, and the cooling air temperature is controlled by the heat generated when the fuel cell generates electricity. In the direct exhaust mode, the fourth valve is 100% open, the thermostatic valve is 0% open towards the cooling air circulation path, and the thermostatic valve is 100% open towards the atmosphere. All cooling air is exhausted into the atmosphere through the cooling air exhaust path, the second heater is turned off, and the heat generated by the fuel cell during power generation is exhausted into the atmosphere.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel gas supply unit includes: a hydrogen supply path, a hydrogen emission path, a hydrogen circulation path, and a hydrogen release path. The hydrogen supply path for the reaction includes: hydrogen source, pressure regulating valve, heat exchanger, ejector, and fourth temperature sensor; The hydrogen emission pathway includes: a solenoid valve; The hydrogen circulation path for the reaction includes: a moisture absorber and a check valve; The hydrogen venting pathway includes: a safety valve.

5. The system according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The heat source end of the heat exchanger is connected to the reaction air exhaust passage. The heat generated by the oxidant driver and fuel cell is used to control the temperature of the reaction hydrogen, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the reaction hydrogen supply passage and the reaction hydrogen exhaust passage.

6. The system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The heat source end of the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling air circulation path. The heat generated by the second heater and the fuel cell is used to control the temperature of the reacting hydrogen, so as to reduce the temperature difference between the reacting hydrogen supply path and the reacting hydrogen emission path.

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