Coordinated control and monitoring system and method for adjustable cam group transmission motor

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of rail transit operation safety technology, specifically to a collaborative control and monitoring system and method for adjustable cam-driven motors. It addresses problems in existing technologies such as the inability to adjust the trigger sequence of microswitches, reliance on transmission inertia to trigger signal switches (leading to signal loss when inertia is insufficient), the inability to prioritize critical signals, the limitation of reliability due to all auxiliary signals being triggered only after motor power failure, incomplete monitoring functions, and inadequate motor protection. Furthermore, it provides data support for a real-time equipment status perception and early warning system and a full lifecycle management system for intelligent operation and maintenance platforms in rail transit power supply systems. This improves power supply system reliability, reduces power outage risks, optimizes operation and maintenance costs, extends equipment lifespan, and provides a solid guarantee for safe power supply operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit operation safety technology, specifically to a coordinated control and monitoring system and method for an adjustable cam group drive motor. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, contact wire grounding devices are widely used in the contact wires (contact rails) of rail transit main lines, depots, and parking lots. This reduces operation time, improves maintenance efficiency, and ensures the safety of personnel, achieving the goals of safe, reliable, and economical operation. The application of contact wire grounding devices prevents situations where the contact wire (rail) is energized and grounded, thus ensuring safety through technology and equipment. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional systems-based safety measures, significantly reducing the time spent on connecting / removing ground wires while guaranteeing safety, freeing up more actual maintenance time, and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0003] In rail transit traction power supply systems, the overhead contact line grounding device is a crucial component for ensuring operational safety. As the core component of the overhead contact line grounding device, the drive motor is responsible for the opening and closing of the grounding switch; its accuracy and reliability directly affect the safe operation of the traction power supply system.

[0004] In rail transit, the disconnecting switch is a core device connecting the power supply to the overhead contact line (or contact rail). It lacks arc-extinguishing capability and its main function is to connect or disconnect the power supply circuit when there is no load. During power outage maintenance, it creates a clearly visible break, achieving physical isolation between the maintenance area and the power supply. The visual grounding switch is a crucial safety guarantee during maintenance. It uses a camera for remote monitoring of its status. After the disconnecting switch trips and power is cut off, it reliably grounds the outgoing terminals of the overhead contact line (or contact rail), releasing residual charge and fundamentally avoiding the risk of electric shock to maintenance personnel.

[0005] During maintenance, the two work together to form a forced safety logic through a combination of mechanical and electrical interlocking functions: 1) The grounding switch can only be closed when the disconnecting switch is in the open position and the voltage sensor detects that the residual voltage at the outgoing terminal has dropped to the safety threshold (if necessary, the discharge device will be activated to assist in the discharge), so as to prevent short circuits caused by accidental grounding while energized; 2) When the grounding switch is in the closed position, the interlocking mechanism will physically lock the operating mechanism of the disconnecting switch so that it cannot be closed, thereby preventing equipment damage or personal injury caused by accidental power supply under grounding conditions.

[0006] The implementation of this safety logic relies entirely on the reliable control of the switches and the accurate acquisition of position signals. From a control reliability perspective, the logic controller must precisely execute the operational sequence of "isolating – testing and discharging – grounding" and "grounding – isolating." Any delay, mis-issuance, or actuator malfunction in the control command will directly break the safety interlock, leading to a serious accident. From a position signal acquisition perspective, the opening and closing signals of the isolating and grounding switches are the core basis for the interlock logic judgment. If the position sensor malfunctions, causing false alarms (such as displaying the switch as open when it is not actually open), the interlock function will fail, resulting in fatal misoperations such as "closing grounding while energized" or "closing isolating while grounded." Furthermore, accurate position signals are also the foundation for the background monitoring system to achieve remote scheduling, fault warning, and preventative maintenance. They can promptly detect potential equipment hazards, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and provide core support for the safe and stable operation of the rail transit power supply system.

[0007] The existing methods for monitoring and controlling the drive motor of the overhead contact line grounding device are as follows:

[0008] The control circuit includes a thermal relay output normally closed contact, a mechanism abnormality lockout relay normally closed contact, a limit switch for opening and closing positions normally closed contact, a forward and reverse contactor interlock normally closed auxiliary contact, a forward and reverse contactor self-locking normally open auxiliary contact, a forward and reverse control relay, and a forward and reverse contactor coil.

[0009] As shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b), when a trip / close command is received, the controller outputs a pulse signal to control the corresponding forward / reverse control relay to engage, the corresponding forward / reverse contactor coil is energized, and the self-locking normally open auxiliary contact is closed and held, the motor starts to trip / close in the corresponding forward / reverse control, the interlocking normally closed auxiliary contact is opened, and the forward / reverse contactor is protected from being energized and short-circuited at the same time.

[0010] When the travel is completed and the limit switch is in the open / close position, the corresponding normally closed contact opens, the main contactor coil is de-energized, and the operation ends.

[0011] If the motor stalls or is short-circuited, the thermal relay will be overloaded, the normally closed contact of the thermal relay will open, the main contactor coil will lose power, and the operation will stop.

[0012] When the main contactor of the power supply circuit is detected to be engaged for more than 5 seconds during opening or closing, the controller's abnormal interlocking relay outputs a 2-second pulse to open the normally closed contact, de-energizes the main contactor coil, and stops operation.

[0013] The "Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Platform for Rail Transit Power Supply Systems" needs to establish a health assessment system for equipment to achieve health status evaluation, fault prediction, and lifespan warning for critical equipment. Based on the assessment results, the overall quality status of key equipment will be evaluated, and combined with historical equipment data and lifecycle assessments, the platform will predict equipment quality change trends to achieve proactive operation and maintenance management. As a core component of the rail transit power supply system, the drive motor must meet the requirements of intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0014] Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) show the schematic diagram and cross-sectional view of the existing contact wire grounding device drive motor structure. Serial numbers 1 and 5 are microswitches that control the motor circuit to disconnect, and serial numbers 2~4 and 6~8 are other control signal microswitches.

[0015] Explanation of cam operation during grounding switch opening and closing:

[0016] When the grounding switch rotates clockwise from the open position to the closed position, the cam triggers microswitch 1 to disconnect the motor circuit, and the motor stops rotating. At this time, under the action of the inertia of the transmission system, the cam continues to rotate, triggering the remaining microswitches (2~4) to transmit contact signals, and finally stops at the closed position. When the grounding switch rotates counterclockwise from the closed position to the open position, the cam triggers microswitch 5 to disconnect the motor circuit, and the motor stops working. At this time, under the action of inertia, the cam continues to rotate, triggering the remaining microswitches (6~8) to transmit contact signals, and finally stops at the open position.

[0017] The cam inside the grounding switch is a single unit. The microswitches (1~4 or 6~8) are triggered almost simultaneously. After the motor circuit is de-energized, the cam continues to rotate entirely by the inertia of the entire transmission system, thereby ensuring that other microswitches can be reliably triggered. The order in which the microswitches are triggered cannot be adjusted.

[0018] In summary, the existing grounding device drive motor control and monitoring circuit has some shortcomings: the control circuit design is not simple and efficient enough, resulting in a complex control process and a tendency to malfunction; the monitoring circuit function is not perfect, and it cannot detect faults in the motor and control circuit in a timely and accurate manner, which brings difficulties to the maintenance and repair of the traction power supply system; the microswitch triggering sequence is not adjustable, and it relies on the transmission inertia to trigger the signal switch, which can easily lead to signal loss when the inertia is insufficient; critical signals cannot be prioritized, and all auxiliary signals are triggered after the motor is powered off, which limits reliability.

[0019] In addition, the existing control and monitoring circuits do not provide comprehensive protection for the motor. When the motor experiences abnormal conditions such as overload or stall, they cannot provide timely and effective protection, which can easily damage the motor and affect the normal operation of the grounding device. Furthermore, due to the limited number of detection signals and the simple data structure, they cannot meet the relevant requirements of the power supply intelligent operation and maintenance management system. Summary of the Invention

[0020] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a coordinated control and monitoring system and method for an adjustable cam-driven motor. The cam consists of multiple independent paddles, each corresponding to a microswitch. By adjusting the paddle angles, the triggering sequence of the microswitches can be customized. Key signals can be set to trigger before the motor is powered off, eliminating the risk of inertial dependence and solving problems such as complex control loops, incomplete monitoring functions, and inadequate motor protection in existing technologies. The technical solution is as follows:

[0021] An adjustable cam-driven motor includes multiple independent cam paddles; each cam paddle has a coaxial circular cam paddle positioning plate embedded within it; a clamping pad with an outer diameter larger than the cam paddle positioning plate is provided between adjacent cam paddles; annular knurled strips for increasing friction are provided on the contact surfaces of the cam paddles and the clamping pads; the clamping pads and cam paddle positioning plates are sleeved on a cam paddle spindle with a square cross-section, and the cam paddle spindle is provided with a clamping mechanism for clamping or releasing the cam paddles, so as to adjust the angle of the cam paddles in the released state; each cam paddle corresponds to a micro switch, and the common terminal of the corresponding micro switch is triggered by rotation; the micro switch includes a micro switch for controlling the disconnection of the motor circuit, and multiple micro switches for transmitting electrical signals.

[0022] A collaborative control and monitoring system for an adjustable cam-driven motor includes: a data acquisition and transmission module and a data analysis and diagnostic module; specifically as follows:

[0023] 1) The data acquisition and transmission module collects motor parameter data and uploads it to the cloud platform or monitoring server; specifically including:

[0024] The temperature monitoring module uses temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the motor stator windings, core, and bearings in real time.

[0025] The vibration monitoring module uses vibration sensors to detect the vibration amplitude and frequency parameters of the motor during operation;

[0026] The current and voltage monitoring module uses current and voltage sensors to monitor whether the motor's operating current and voltage are within the rated range;

[0027] Coil winding resistance monitoring module: Periodically measures the motor winding resistance to determine if the motor is burnt out;

[0028] 2) Data Analysis and Diagnosis Module: The cloud platform or monitoring server performs real-time analysis on the received data. When abnormal data such as excessive vibration, rapid temperature rise, unstable speed, or abnormal current and voltage are detected, linear fitting based on the performance degradation trend is performed according to the comprehensive health index of the motor based on multiple parameters to predict the remaining life of the motor.

[0029] A control method for a coordinated control and monitoring system of an adjustable cam-driven motor, comprising the following control logic:

[0030] When the motor current is detected to be greater than I1 for more than S1 seconds, the motor is determined to be stalled, the motor control circuit is disconnected, the motor stall flag is set and transmitted to the backend; the motor stall signal is reset after the motor stops for a set time.

[0031] If the open and close position signals are simultaneously valid or simultaneously invalid for more than S2 seconds, the open and close position signals are determined to be abnormal; the abnormal open and close position signal flag is set.

[0032] If the engagement time of any contactor controlled by the motor exceeds S2 seconds, the action time is determined to be too long; the motor control circuit is disconnected and the action time too long flag is set to notify the backend.

[0033] When the motor stalls or the opening / closing action time exceeds the limit, the trigger mechanism abnormal lockout relay outputs an S3-second pulse to lock the motor control circuit, and at the same time sets the mechanism abnormal lockout signal. After S3 seconds, the mechanism abnormal lockout relay returns, and the mechanism abnormal lockout signal is maintained.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] 1) The transmission motor cam of this invention consists of multiple independent paddles, each corresponding to a micro switch; by adjusting the paddle angle, the triggering sequence of the micro switches can be customized, and the triggering priority can be freely defined; critical signals can be set to trigger before the motor is powered off, eliminating the risk of inertial dependence. During maintenance, only a single paddle needs to be adjusted, without the need for complete replacement.

[0036] 2) The control loop designed in this invention has a simple structure and clear control logic. It uses a microcontroller as the core control unit, which improves the accuracy and reliability of control and reduces the probability of failure.

[0037] 3) The monitoring circuit designed in this invention has complete functions, which can monitor the operating status of the motor and the working status of the control circuit in real time and comprehensively, detect and deal with faults in a timely manner, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure the normal operation of the grounding device.

[0038] 4) This invention assesses the health status of the motor and predicts its lifespan through multi-parameter collaborative analysis and comprehensive evaluation, and multiple automatic protection mechanisms. This effectively protects the motor from damage under abnormal conditions, extends the service life of the motor, improves the safety and stability of the contact network grounding device, and provides a basis for the maintenance of the grounding device drive motor.

[0039] 5) This invention enables remote monitoring and management through the setting of a communication module, which facilitates staff to understand the operation of the grounding device in a timely manner and improves work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1(a) is a diagram of the control commands for the drive motor of the existing contact wire grounding device.

[0041] Figure 1(b) shows the stop control command diagram for the existing contact wire grounding device drive motor.

[0042] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the micro switch triggering mechanism inside the drive motor of the existing contact wire grounding device.

[0043] Figure 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of the micro-switch triggering mechanism inside the drive motor of the existing contact wire grounding device.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the micro switch triggering mechanism in the adjustable cam group drive motor of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the micro switch triggering mechanism in the adjustable cam group drive motor of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the cam mechanism in the adjustable cam group drive motor of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5(b) is a cross-sectional view of point AA in Figure 5(a).

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cam lever installation.

[0049] Figure 7 This is an overall block diagram of the drive motor protection circuit detection module of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a current detection circuit.

[0051] Figure 9(a) shows the position detection circuit of a single-channel limit switch (opening).

[0052] Figure 9(b) shows the position detection circuit of a single-channel limit switch (closed).

[0053] Figure 10 This is the logic for motor stall.

[0054] Figure 11 This is for abnormal logic of the opening and closing position signals.

[0055] Figure 12 The opening and closing time is too long.

[0056] Figure 13 This is for resetting the blocking signal.

[0057] In the diagram: 1-First micro switch; 2-Second micro switch; 3-Third micro switch; 4-Fourth micro switch; 5-Fifth micro switch; 6-Sixth micro switch; 7-Seventh micro switch; 8-Eighth micro switch; 9-Ninth micro switch; 10-Tenth micro switch; 11-Eleventh micro switch; 12-Twelfth micro switch; 13-Cam; 14-Pressure spring; 15-Fixing knob; 16-Cam lever; 17-Cam lever spindle; 18-Pressure pad; 19-Pressure bushing; 20-Cam lever positioning plate; 21-Annular knurled strip. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] This invention provides a collaborative control and monitoring system and method for an adjustable cam-driven motor, addressing issues in existing technologies such as the inability to adjust the trigger sequence of microswitches, reliance on transmission inertia to trigger signal switches leading to signal loss due to insufficient inertia, the inability to prioritize critical signals, the limitation of reliability due to all auxiliary signals being triggered only after motor power failure, incomplete monitoring functions, and inadequate motor protection. Furthermore, it provides data support for the real-time equipment status perception and early warning system and the equipment lifecycle management system of the "Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Platform for Rail Transit Power Supply Systems," thereby improving power supply system reliability, reducing power outage risks, optimizing operation and maintenance costs, extending equipment lifespan, and providing a solid guarantee for safe power supply operation.

[0060] 1. Internal cam mechanism of the drive motor:

[0061] In the transmission motor of this invention, the cam mechanism consists of multiple independent paddles, each corresponding to a microswitch; by adjusting the paddle angles, the triggering sequence of the microswitches can be customized. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, serial numbers 1 and 7 are microswitches that control the motor circuit to disconnect, while serial numbers 2-6 and 8-12 are microswitches for other control signals.

[0062] Explanation of cam operation during disconnection and closing of disconnector switch:

[0063] When the disconnector switch rotates clockwise from the open position to the closed position, the cam triggers the first microswitch 1, disconnecting the motor circuit and stopping the motor. Due to inertia, the cam continues to rotate, triggering the second to sixth microswitches (2-6) to transmit contact signals, eventually stopping at the closed position. When the disconnector switch rotates counterclockwise from the closed position to the open position, the cam triggers the seventh microswitch 7, disconnecting the motor circuit and stopping the motor. Due to inertia, the cam continues to rotate, triggering the eighth to twelfth microswitches (8-12) to transmit electrical signals, eventually stopping at the open position.

[0064] The disconnector switch's cam consists of several levers, each lever 16 corresponding to a microswitch. Each lever 16 can be adjusted independently, thereby adjusting the triggering sequence of each microswitch signal. The adjustment steps are as follows: As shown in Figures 5(a) and 5(b), loosen the clamping knob 15 to release the pressure of the clamping spring 14, and then rotate any one of the levers 16 individually to adjust its position. After adjustment, tighten the clamping knob 15. The advantage of this cam is that it can prioritize a specific signal before the microswitch in the motor circuit is triggered, i.e., before the motor stops rotating, ensuring more reliable triggering of that specific signal.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, the cam shifter positioning plate 20 is embedded in the cam shifter 16, so that the clamping shim 18, the cam shifter positioning plate 20, and the cam shifter 16 are all concentric with the square shaft. The clamping shim 18 and the cam shifter 16 both have annular knurled strips 21 of the same size, that is, annular rough surfaces.

[0066] When the clamping knob 15 is tightened, under the force of the clamping spring 14, the clamping washer 18 and the cam pawl 16 are pressed together, that is, their annular knurled strips 21 overlap, and the rotation of the cam pawl 16 is restricted by friction. Under the continuous force of the clamping spring 14, even if subjected to strong vibration or a certain degree of impact, the cam pawl 16 can remain in its original position and will not loosen.

[0067] When the clamping knob 15 is loosened, the pressure of the clamping spring 14 is released, and the friction between the clamping washer 18 and the cam lever 16 decreases until the cam lever 16 can be turned by hand. At this point, the angle of the cam lever 16 can be adjusted before tightening the clamping knob 15.

[0068] 2. Drive motor protection circuit:

[0069] The drive motor protection circuit is used to continuously and in real time monitor and diagnose faults in the operating motors inside the cabinet, detect equipment malfunctions in advance, and provide necessary data and judgment basis for equipment condition evaluation, risk assessment, and condition-based maintenance, thereby avoiding accidents, saving operation and maintenance costs, reducing the workload of operation and maintenance personnel, and improving the stability, reliability and safety of system operation.

[0070] The grounding device mainly performs the following functions:

[0071] 1) Monitor the motor current in real time;

[0072] 2) It has the capability to count the number of motor actions based on the duration of each action;

[0073] 3) Monitoring of motor vibration, sound, coil resistance, temperature, and humidity, as well as diagnostic functions for mechanism abnormalities (incomplete opening / closing, motor stalling, mechanism jamming / loosening, limit switch failure, etc.). The grounding device has one Ethernet interface, which can transmit signals to a remote automation system or a power supply intelligent operation and maintenance management system via contact signals or a communication interface. The electrical parameters of the grounding device's drive motor protection circuit are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Electrical parameters of the protection circuit for the grounding device and drive motor .

[0075] After the grounding device is powered on, it monitors the current and voltage of the grounding switch and the coils of the two isolated motors in real time, collects information such as vibration, temperature and humidity, insulation resistance, and sound, and performs logical analysis in conjunction with the switch opening status. When the motor stalls, it disconnects the motor's operating circuit to prevent the motor from being burned out by the large current during stall. After the motor stalls, it records the vibration data, temperature and humidity data, voltage, current, and switching status throughout the process, which is beneficial for subsequent fault data analysis and prevention. It also counts the number of times the motor operates the switch, which helps the background system to assess its lifespan. The overall block diagram of the drive motor protection circuit detection module is as follows: Figure 7 As shown in Table 2, the health status assessment model for the drive motor is presented.

[0076] Table 2 Health Status Assessment Model for Drive Motors .

[0077] Temperature monitoring: The temperature of the motor stator winding, core, bearings and other parts is monitored in real time through sensors such as thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors to prevent insulation aging or burnout due to overheating.

[0078] Vibration monitoring: Vibration sensors are used to detect parameters such as vibration amplitude and frequency during motor operation. Abnormal vibration may indicate problems such as bearing wear or rotor imbalance.

[0079] Current and voltage monitoring: Current and voltage sensors monitor whether the motor's operating current and voltage are within the rated range. Overcurrent, overvoltage, or undervoltage can all affect the motor's lifespan.

[0080] Sound monitoring: A normally operating motor has a smooth sound. If abnormal noise (such as friction or impact sounds) occurs, it may be a sign of mechanical component failure.

[0081] Coil winding resistance monitoring: Regularly measure the motor winding resistance to determine if the motor is burnt out. The circuit principle involves outputting a DC 2V power supply, with a 120Ω resistor connected in series at the positive terminal. This power output is then connected in series across the motor windings. By sampling the voltage across the motor terminals, the coil resistance can be calculated using the voltage divider effect of the two series resistors. For example, if the voltage across the motor is Uh, then the motor winding resistance RL = Rs*Uh / (2-Uh).

[0082] 1) Motor Comprehensive Health Index (HI) based on multiple parameters:

[0083] Multiple parameters (such as temperature, vibration, current, etc.) are weighted and integrated to form a comprehensive evaluation index.

[0084] ;

[0085] Where n is the number of parameters; W i The weight of the i-th parameter (determined through expert experience or principal component analysis, and satisfying that the sum of the weights is 1, i.e.) ); S i The standardized score of the i-th parameter (e.g., mapping parameter values ​​to the range of 0 to 1, where 1 represents the best and 0 represents the fault).

[0086] 2) Motor Remaining Life (RUL) Prediction:

[0087] Linear fitting based on performance degradation trend:

[0088] ;

[0089] Among them, X (t) This refers to the performance degradation indicators at the current moment (e.g., vibration amplitude, temperature value, etc.). The degradation rate (the slope obtained by fitting historical data, i.e., the change in degradation index per unit time). The threshold value for triggering a fault (i.e., the threshold of the performance degradation index; if this value is exceeded, the motor is considered to have failed).

[0090] 3. Current detection circuit:

[0091] like Figure 8As shown, the forward and reverse current of the motor passes through the current Hall sensor U2A, converting the forward and reverse current signal into a 0-5V voltage signal, which is output from pin 7 (OUT) of U2A. Pin 6 (VZCR) of U2A is the zero-current reference voltage, a weak signal of approximately 2.5V. This reference voltage is followed by the high-impedance input of operational amplifier U1B, converting it into a low-impedance, high-drive-capability output. C2 and C3 are operational amplifier decoupling capacitors, eliminating the influence of the operational amplifier on the power supply. The 0-5V voltage signal output from U2A's OUT passes through operational amplifier U1A, and together with the 2.5V reference voltage signal output from operational amplifier U1B, and then through resistors R1, R2, R4, and R5, operational amplifier U1A forms a differential attenuation network. Since resistors R2=R4 and R1=R5, the output voltage of U1A is calculated as (U2OUT-U1BOUT)*(R1 / R2), which converts the 0-5V signal into a ±500mV output, which then enters the differential ADC for conversion into a digital signal. After the output signal, resistor R3 and capacitor C4 form an RC filter circuit to reduce interference signals. D1A is an ESD diode to eliminate electrostatic interference.

[0092] 4. Single-channel limit switch position detection circuit:

[0093] The limit switches for opening / closing are processed by the input detection front-end circuits shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), and output standard switching signals. The input terminal is a 24V power supply signal controlled by the normally open / normally closed limit switches. In Figure 9(a), the normally open contact is input via SIGN-IN-NO, passing through an overvoltage protection circuit consisting of a resettable fuse F1 and a TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diode D2. When the voltage exceeds 26V, the transient diode D2 conducts, and the fuse F1 experiences a large current, causing it to overheat and shut off, protecting the subsequent circuits. The input signal then passes through an undervoltage isolation circuit consisting of resistors R11 and R14 and a Zener diode D1. The Zener diode D1 has a forward voltage of 5.1V. The formula for calculating the input signal forward voltage is VD1 / R18*(R15+R18), meaning that when the input signal voltage is below 8.35V, the Zener diode D1 is completely off, filtering out continuous interference from low-voltage signals. Meanwhile, the circuit consists of capacitors C11 and C12, and resistor R12 forming a π-shaped filter. When the signal has spikes or glitches, they are absorbed by capacitor C11 and filtered out by capacitor C12 and resistor R12, resulting in good suppression. U1 is an optocoupler that isolates the front-end input signal from the back-end detection signal. R13 is a pull-up resistor that keeps the back-end output stable when there is no input signal. C13 is a back-end filter capacitor that smooths the signal after it has been isolated by the optocoupler.

[0094] For each limit switch, a complementary output test of normally open and normally closed points is performed. In Figure 9(b), SIGN-IN-NC is the signal for detecting the normally closed point of the limit switch. The two signals are processed complementaryly in the back-end processing. If both the normally open and normally closed signals of the limit switch are set or reset for more than 0.5 seconds, the limit switch can be determined to be faulty.

[0095] 5. Control Logic

[0096] Because the opening and closing time of the motor control is generally within 3 seconds, if the detection shows an excessively long action time, the motor control circuit will be disconnected to prevent the motor from operating for too long and causing a malfunction. Simultaneously, an excessively long opening and closing action time flag will be set to notify the back-end personnel for handling. The specific logic diagram is as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0097] If the motor current is detected to be greater than 5A for more than 0.5 seconds, the motor is determined to be stalled. The motor control circuit is disconnected, and the stall flag is set and transmitted to the backend. The stall signal is reset 10 seconds after the motor stops.

[0098] If the open and close position signals are simultaneously valid or simultaneously invalid for more than 5 seconds, the open / close position signal is determined to be abnormal. The abnormal open / close position signal flag is set. The abnormal open / close position signal logic is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0099] If the engagement time of any contactor controlled by the motor exceeds 5 seconds, the action time is determined to be excessive. The motor control circuit is disconnected, and the excessive action time flag is set to notify the backend. The logic for excessive opening and closing action time is as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0100] When a motor stalls or the opening / closing action time exceeds the limit, the mechanism abnormality lockout relay will output a 2-second pulse to lock the motor control circuit, and simultaneously set the mechanism abnormality lockout signal. After 2 seconds, the mechanism abnormality lockout relay will return, and the mechanism abnormality lockout signal will be maintained. The reset logic of the lockout signal is as follows: Figure 13 As shown.

[0101] In summary, the grounding device's drive motor protection circuit effectively protects the motor's normal and stable operation. In the event of an abnormality, it quickly disconnects the motor control circuit, preventing the motor from burning out. Highly reliable hardware monitoring circuits and software logic algorithms work together to realize the function of the grounding device's drive motor protection circuit. Its main functions include:

[0102] Data Acquisition and Transmission: Sensors efficiently and accurately acquire motor parameter data and transmit the data to the gateway via wireless communication (e.g., 433MHz) or wired communication (e.g., RS485). The gateway then uploads the data to the cloud platform or monitoring server via Ethernet or 4G / 5G network.

[0103] Data Analysis and Diagnosis: The cloud platform or monitoring server utilizes intelligent algorithms and fault diagnosis models trained based on a large amount of operational data and fault cases to perform real-time analysis of the received data. When abnormal data such as excessive vibration, rapid temperature rise, unstable rotational speed, or abnormal current and voltage are detected, the system compares them with the fault model to identify the fault type and severity, and predict its development trend.

[0104] Early warning and intelligent operation and maintenance: When the system detects a potential fault risk, it immediately sends an alarm notification containing key information such as the specific location of the motor and the type of fault to maintenance personnel via monitoring software pop-ups and mobile apps. Based on the diagnostic results, the system automatically generates maintenance suggestions and repair plans, customizing corresponding repair measures for different types of faults.

[0105] Remote monitoring and management: Managers can access the cloud platform or monitoring system anytime via computer or mobile APP to remotely check the real-time status, historical data and fault records of the motor.

Claims

1. An adjustable cam-driven motor, characterized in that, It includes multiple independent cam paddles (16); each cam paddle (16) has a circular cam paddle positioning plate (20) embedded in it; between adjacent cam paddles (16) there is a clamping pad (18) with an outer diameter larger than the cam paddle positioning plate (20); the contact surface of the cam paddle (16) and the clamping pad (18) is provided with an annular knurled strip (21) for increasing friction; the clamping pad (18) and the cam paddle positioning plate (20) are sleeved on the cam paddle spindle (17) with a square cross-section, and the cam paddle spindle (17) is provided with a clamping mechanism for clamping or loosening the cam paddles (16) so as to adjust the angle of the cam paddles (16) in the loose state; each cam paddle (16) corresponds to a micro switch, and the common terminal of the corresponding micro switch is triggered by rotation; the micro switch includes a micro switch for controlling the motor circuit to disconnect, and multiple micro switches for transmitting electrical signals.

2. The adjustable cam drive motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes a clamping bushing (19), a clamping spring (14), and a clamping knob (15); the clamping bushing (19) and the clamping spring (14) are sleeved on the cam paddle spindle (17), and the clamping knob (15) is located at the end of the cam paddle spindle (17); the clamping bushing (19) abuts against the outermost clamping pad (18), and the clamping spring (14) is located between the clamping bushing (19) and the clamping knob (15).

3. A coordinated control and monitoring system for an adjustable cam-driven motor as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition and transmission module, and the data analysis and diagnostic module, are detailed below: 1) The data acquisition and transmission module collects motor parameter data and uploads it to the cloud platform or monitoring server; specifically including: The temperature monitoring module uses temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the motor stator windings, core, and bearings in real time. The vibration monitoring module uses vibration sensors to detect the vibration amplitude and frequency parameters of the motor during operation; The current and voltage monitoring module uses current and voltage sensors to monitor whether the motor's operating current and voltage are within the rated range; Coil winding resistance monitoring module: Periodically measures the motor winding resistance to determine if the motor is burnt out; 2) Data Analysis and Diagnosis Module: The cloud platform or monitoring server performs real-time analysis on the received data. When abnormal data such as excessive vibration, rapid temperature rise, unstable speed, or abnormal current and voltage are detected, linear fitting based on the performance degradation trend is performed according to the comprehensive health index of the motor based on multiple parameters to predict the remaining life of the motor.

4. The coordinated control and monitoring system for the adjustable cam group drive motor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current and voltage monitoring module includes a current detection circuit, which comprises a current Hall sensor U2A, operational amplifiers U1A and U1B. The current Hall sensor U2A converts the forward and reverse current signals into a 0-5V voltage signal, output from its pin 7 (OUT). Its pin 6 (VZCR) is a 0-current reference voltage, which is followed by the high-impedance input of operational amplifier U1B and converted into a low-impedance, high-drive-capability output. The 0-5V voltage signal output from pin 7 (OUT) of the current Hall sensor U2A is passed through operational amplifiers U1A and U1B to output a 2.5V reference voltage signal. This signal then passes through resistors R1, R2, R4, and R5, forming a differential attenuation network with operational amplifier U1A. The output voltage of operational amplifier U1A is calculated, converting the 0-5V voltage signal into a ±500mV output, which is then converted into a digital signal by a differential ADC. After the output signal from operational amplifier U1A, it passes through an RC filter circuit composed of resistor R3 and capacitor C4 to reduce interference signals.

5. The coordinated control and monitoring system for the adjustable cam group drive motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes single-channel limit switch position detection circuits with identical structures for opening and closing; the opening limit switch position detection circuit includes: a resettable fuse F1, a Zener diode D1, a transient diode D2, and an optocoupler U1; the input terminal is a power signal controlled by the normally open limit switch, with the normally open contact input via SIGN-IN-NO, passing through an overvoltage protection circuit composed of the resettable fuse F1 and the transient diode D2; when the voltage exceeds the threshold, the transient diode D2 conducts, and the resettable fuse F1 experiences a large current flow, causing overheating and shutdown, protecting the subsequent circuits; the input signal then passes through a resistor R11 An undervoltage isolation circuit consisting of R14 and Zener diode D1 filters out continuous interference from low-voltage signals. Simultaneously, a π-shaped filter composed of capacitors C11 and C12 and resistor R12 absorbs signal spikes and glitches, while capacitor C11 absorbs them, and capacitor C12 and resistor R12 filter them out. Optical coupler U1 then isolates the front-end input signal from the back-end detection signal. Pull-up resistor R13 ensures stable output when there is no input signal. The back-end filter capacitor C13 then smooths the signal isolated by optocoupler U1, and finally, the detection signal is output via SIN-NO-STATE. For each limit switch, perform complementary output detection of normally open and normally closed points. During back-end processing, perform complementary processing on the detected normally closed and normally open point signals of the limit switch. If both normally open and normally closed signals of the limit switch are set or reset for more than S1 seconds, the limit switch is determined to be faulty.

6. The coordinated control and monitoring system for the adjustable cam group drive motor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-parameter comprehensive motor health index for: ； Where n is the number of parameters; The weight of the i-th parameter; The standardized score for the i-th parameter; The remaining lifespan of the motor for: ； Where X(t) is the performance degradation index at the current moment; K is the degradation rate; X 失效阈值 This is the critical value that triggers the fault.

7. A control method for a coordinated control and monitoring system of an adjustable cam group drive motor as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following control logic: When the motor current is detected to be greater than I1 for more than S1 seconds, the motor is determined to be stalled, the motor control circuit is disconnected, the motor stall flag is set and transmitted to the backend; the motor stall signal is reset after the motor stops for a set time. If the open and close position signals are simultaneously valid or simultaneously invalid for more than S2 seconds, the open and close position signals are determined to be abnormal; the abnormal open and close position signal flag is set. If the engagement time of any contactor controlled by the motor exceeds S2 seconds, the action time is determined to be too long; the motor control circuit is disconnected and the action time too long flag is set to notify the backend. When the motor stalls or the opening / closing action time exceeds the limit, the trigger mechanism abnormal lockout relay outputs an S3-second pulse to lock the motor control circuit, and at the same time sets the mechanism abnormal lockout signal. After S3 seconds, the mechanism abnormal lockout relay returns, and the mechanism abnormal lockout signal is maintained.

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