A solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system, belonging to the field of energy storage and power generation technology. It includes a solar power generation module, an energy storage battery module, a hoisting drive module, a gravitational potential energy conversion module, and an electrical control connection module. The solar power generation module is connected to the energy storage battery module. The hoisting drive module includes a hoisting machine symmetrically arranged on both sides of the abandoned mine shaft opening. A fixed pulley system is provided between the hoisting machine and the shaft opening. A traction rope is wound on the hoisting machine, and the other end of the traction rope passes through the fixed pulley system and is connected to the gravitational potential energy conversion module through a transmission device composed of a dual-channel gear set. The electrical control connection module includes a PLC control unit, a charge / discharge controller, and a bidirectional inverter. This invention can realize the synergistic energy storage and power generation of solar energy, gravitational potential energy, and hydraulic energy, reusing abandoned mine resources to reduce costs, while also featuring automated control and high energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage and power generation technology, specifically relating to a solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] As a core force in the clean energy transition, solar energy has seen continuous and rapid growth in installed capacity. However, its inherent intermittency and volatility remain key bottlenecks restricting the deep optimization of the energy structure. The characteristics of no sunlight at night and random fluctuations in daytime power make it difficult to accurately match solar power generation with grid load demand. Traditional solutions that rely solely on industrial-grade energy storage batteries not only face prominent issues such as high cost, limited cycle life, and pressure to recycle used batteries in large-capacity energy storage scenarios, but also have significant shortcomings in instantaneous high-power response and adaptability to extreme environments. This contradiction is particularly acute in small and medium-sized off-grid scenarios such as remote rural areas, temporary power supply in mining areas, and field operation bases, severely limiting the efficient utilization of solar energy resources across all regions.

[0003] At the same time, a large number of abandoned mines around the world, as industrial heritage sites, have formed natural channels for the conversion of gravitational potential energy due to their complete shaft structures and stable geological conditions. However, they have been idle for a long time, which not only wastes resources but also puts pressure on ecological restoration. How to achieve the green and resource-based reuse of abandoned mines has become an industry consensus. While gravity energy storage technology has entered a new stage of commercialization and industrialization, with some single-channel circulating gravity energy storage equipment achieving grid connection breakthroughs, existing solutions still have significant limitations: most technologies adopt new shaft or ground tower crane structures, resulting in high construction costs and large land areas, failing to effectively couple with abandoned mine resources; a few solutions relying on abandoned mines either use a single-channel single-load lifting design, leading to high motor power consumption, low space utilization, and inability to achieve mutual cancellation of gravitational potential energy, resulting in limited energy-saving effects; or although they adopt multi-winch structures, they lack targeted transmission optimization design, and fixed transmission ratios or single gear structures are difficult to adapt to different lifting conditions, resulting in low system efficiency, high energy consumption, and significant frictional losses; more importantly, existing technologies mostly rely on a single gravity energy storage mode, with insufficient peak power output capacity and response speed, making it difficult to meet the needs of diverse power consumption scenarios, while composite energy storage has become an important direction for breaking through technical bottlenecks, such as the multi-technology integration solution of "lithium iron phosphate + sodium ion + vanadium redox flow + flywheel" which has verified its industrialization feasibility.

[0004] Furthermore, the structural adaptability and economy of existing systems urgently need improvement: adjusting the weight of heavy objects is inconvenient, making it difficult to adapt to abandoned mines of different depths and geological conditions; core components such as the rolling mill require cast-in-place foundations, resulting in high installation and transportation costs and significant maintenance difficulties, further limiting their application in small- to medium-scale off-grid scenarios. While some related patents mention the combination of solar and gravity energy storage, they fail to address the core pain points of transmission efficiency and composite energy storage – either lacking design adaptation for gear transmission or lacking supplementary technologies such as hydraulic composite energy storage, leading to energy conversion efficiencies generally below 85% and an inability to meet instantaneous high-power supply demands; simultaneously, most solutions do not fully consider component wear and maintenance costs during long-term operation, lack targeted lubrication and energy-saving structures, resulting in insufficient system reliability and economy.

[0005] Therefore, as energy storage technology upgrades towards "multi-technology integration, efficient resource reuse, and precise scenario adaptation," there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative solution that deeply integrates solar energy and abandoned mine resources. Through efficient transmission optimization, composite energy storage integration, and modular structural design, this solution can overcome multiple bottlenecks in efficiency, cost, and adaptability of existing technologies, achieving a significant improvement in energy conversion efficiency, a substantial reduction in construction and operation costs, and flexible adaptation to small and medium-sized off-grid scenarios. This not only fills a technological gap but also provides a green path for the resource utilization of abandoned mines, provides reliable support for end-point energy replenishment in new power systems, and contributes to the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system. Through innovative structural design, it achieves synergistic energy storage and power generation of solar energy, gravitational potential energy, and hydraulic energy, reuses abandoned mine resources to reduce costs, improves transmission efficiency through gear transmission and lubrication design, enhances power output flexibility through composite energy storage mode, and features automatic control and high energy conversion efficiency.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system includes a solar power generation module, an energy storage battery module, a hoisting drive module, a gravity potential energy conversion module, and an electrical control connection module; The solar power generation module is connected to the energy storage battery module; the hoisting drive module includes a winch symmetrically arranged on both sides of the abandoned mine shaft opening; a fixed pulley block is provided between the winch maker and the shaft opening, and a traction rope with a buckle-shaped iron chain is wound on the winch maker. The other end of the traction rope passes through the fixed pulley block and is connected to the gravitational potential energy conversion module through a transmission device composed of a dual-channel gear set. The transmission device includes a large gear and a small gear meshing with the traction rope; the electrical control connection module includes a PLC control unit, a charge / discharge controller, and a bidirectional inverter. The fixed pulley block is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the transmission ratio is 1:2-1:4.

[0008] Furthermore, the roll-up machine is connected to a drive motor, which is a permanent magnet synchronous motor that has both forward and reverse driving functions and power generation functions. The drive motor is connected to the energy storage battery module and the external electrical load through a bidirectional inverter.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar power generation module is a modular solar panel array, which is installed by a tilt-adjustable bracket with a tilt angle adjustment range of 15-45°, and can be adapted to the seasonal changes in solar altitude angle. The output end of the solar panel array is equipped with a current and voltage sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the large gear and the small gear are fixed by a bracket, and the inner side of the bracket is provided with electronic nozzles facing the large gear and the small gear.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy storage battery module consists of four sets of energy storage batteries connected in series and parallel, and includes a battery management unit. The battery management unit includes a voltage balancing module, a state of charge monitoring module, and an overcharge and over-discharge protection module. The battery management unit is interconnected with the charge and discharge controller. The input terminal of the charge and discharge controller is electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar power generation module, and the output terminal of the charge and discharge controller is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the gravitational potential energy conversion module includes two modularly assembled heavy bodies. Each modularly assembled heavy body is composed of several concrete or metal blocks detachably connected by snap-fit ​​mechanisms, and has stainless steel hanging points at the top. A laser ranging position sensor is installed on the inner wall of the well shaft. Each modularly assembled heavy body has a sealed cavity containing a hydraulic pump, an oil tank, a hydraulic energy storage device, and a torque sensor. The hydraulic pump is connected to an internal drive shaft via a flexible coupling, allowing for a coaxiality deviation of ±0.1mm. The internal drive shaft is connected to the traction... The system employs a traction rope linkage, connecting the oil tank to the inlet of the hydraulic pump. The suction pipe is inserted into the oil level at least twice the pipe diameter and equipped with a 100-200μm coarse filter. The high-pressure oil circuit features a check valve and a relief valve, with the relief valve's protection pressure ≤ 1.1 times the rated pressure of the hydraulic energy storage. The oil pipes utilize armored flexible hoses adapted for wellbore lifting. When the modularly assembled heavy object descends, the traction rope drives the built-in drive shaft to rotate, activating the built-in hydraulic pump. This converts some potential energy into hydraulic energy, which is stored in the hydraulic energy storage. When instantaneous high-power output is required, the hydraulic energy storage releases hydraulic energy as a supplement. The hydraulic pump's outlet is connected to the hydraulic energy storage device via a high-pressure oil pipe and a check valve. This constructs a hybrid "mechanical + hydraulic" energy storage system.

[0013] Furthermore, the modular splicing weight body has sliders on both sides, which are made of wear-resistant material. The inner wall of the waste gas mine shaft is provided with a U-shaped channel steel track with the same depth as the shaft. The inner side of the U-shaped channel steel track is provided with a wear-resistant coating, and the two ends are provided with limit buffer blocks. The sliders are slidably connected to the U-shaped channel steel track, and the gap between the sliders and the U-shaped channel steel track is ≤5mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the hoisting drive module's winch is fixed to the wellhead ground via a detachable steel structure support, and a tension monitoring module is installed on the traction rope.

[0015] When the tension of the traction rope exceeds the preset threshold, the emergency brake of the rolling machine is triggered; the gear transmission device composed of a pinion and a large gear switches to the pinion drive when the modular splicing heavy object body is descending, so as to achieve rapid descent and increase production capacity, and switches to the large gear drive when the modular splicing heavy object body is rising, so as to enhance the pulling force and reduce energy consumption; the electronic nozzle sprays lubricating oil at timed and quantitative intervals, and the spraying frequency is linked to the gear speed to ensure continuous lubrication of the gear meshing surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the signal output terminals of the solar power generation module, energy storage battery module, lifting drive module, laser ranging position sensor, current and voltage sensor, torque sensor, and tension monitoring module are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the PLC control unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrical control connection module also includes a wireless communication unit, the signal output terminal of which is connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC control unit. It supports 4G / 5G network transmission, enabling remote transmission of system operation data to terminal devices, and also supports remote control of the roll forming machine's start / stop, operating mode switching, and gear shifting.

[0018] The PLC control unit has a built-in linkage control program that can switch between synchronous linkage mode and asynchronous independent mode for the dual-roller hoists. In synchronous linkage mode, one hoist drives the corresponding modular assembly heavy object to rise, while the other hoist drives it to descend synchronously. In asynchronous independent mode, a single hoist independently drives the corresponding modular assembly heavy object to rise and fall, while the other hoist remains in standby mode. A laser ranging position sensor is installed on the inner wall of the shaft and is connected to the PLC control unit to provide real-time feedback on the position of the modular assembly heavy object. The PLC control unit is interconnected with the torque sensor and hydraulic energy storage pressure sensor of the hydraulic system to dynamically regulate the start / stop and displacement of the built-in hydraulic pump, while also controlling the gear shifting of the gear transmission device composed of pinion and gear and the spraying status of the electronic nozzle.

[0019] The charging and discharging controller of the electrical control connection module has a built-in intelligent charging and discharging strategy. When the output power of the solar power generation module is greater than or equal to the driving power of the roll-up machine plus the remaining charging power of the energy storage battery, the roll-up machine is driven first, and the excess power is used to charge the energy storage battery module. When the output power of the solar power is insufficient, the energy storage battery module provides supplementary power. When there is a sudden high power demand from the external electrical load, the PLC control unit commands the hydraulic energy storage to release hydraulic energy to supplement the power supply, ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Innovative structure for significant energy savings: The dual-roller frame machine + dual-material synchronous linkage design utilizes the gravity offset effect to reduce the peak power consumption of the motor by 60%-80%; the large and small gear transmission adapts to different working conditions, and the lubricating oil nozzle reduces friction loss. Combined with the permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-strength synthetic fiber rope, the system energy conversion efficiency is improved to ≥88%, which is superior to the energy conversion level of traditional gravity energy storage systems and related patents.

[0021] 2. Enhanced adaptability through hybrid energy storage: The "mechanical + hydraulic" hybrid energy storage mode enables the system to maintain high efficiency and stability under normal power supply scenarios, and quickly release hydraulic energy to supplement power supply when there is a sudden high power demand, improving the response speed by more than 30%. This makes up for the shortcomings of the existing single energy storage mode and adapts to diverse power demand.

[0022] 3. Significantly reduced costs: Reusing abandoned mine shafts as gravitational potential energy channels eliminates the need for constructing new shafts, reducing construction costs by more than 80%; Modular design and the selection of universal energy storage batteries, combined with lubricating oil nozzles to reduce component wear, further control equipment and maintenance costs, solving the pain point of high construction and operation costs in existing solutions.

[0023] 4. Strong adaptability to different scenarios: The modular heavy-duty structure allows for flexible weight adjustment to suit mines of different depths; the detachable bracket and tilt-adjustable solar panels facilitate installation and transportation, making it suitable for small- to medium-scale off-grid scenarios such as remote rural areas and temporary power supply in mining areas, thus broadening its application scope.

[0024] 5. Stable and reliable operation: The precise fit between the slider and the U-shaped channel steel rail reduces swaying, and multiple protections are provided by tension monitoring, position monitoring, hydraulic pressure monitoring and emergency braking functions; the intelligent collaborative scheduling system realizes full-process automated control, supports remote monitoring, and does not require dedicated personnel to operate, thus improving the long-term reliability of the system.

[0025] 6. Addressing industry pain points: The complete energy closed loop effectively avoids the intermittent nature of solar energy and solves the problem of power outages at night; the composite energy storage and high-efficiency transmission design fills the gap in instantaneous high-power power supply solutions for small and medium-sized off-grid scenarios; resource reuse and low-cost design provide a new path for the resource utilization of abandoned mines, which is superior to the adaptability of existing patents in specific scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a large and small gear transmission; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a support structure with an adjustable tilt angle. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gravitational potential energy to hydraulic energy conversion module. Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the workflow of a solar-abandoned mine gravity energy storage system; The components are as follows: 1-Solar power generation module; 2-Energy storage battery module; 3-Lifting drive module; 4-Gravity potential energy conversion module; 5-U-shaped channel steel track; 6-Electrical control connection module; 7-Position sensor; 8-Current and voltage sensor; 9-Battery management unit; 10-Modular splicing weight body; 11-Hydraulic pump; 12-Oil tank; 13-Hydraulic energy storage device; 14-Pin gear; 15-Large gear; 16-Electronic nozzle; 17-PLC control unit; 18-Charge and discharge controller; 19-Bidirectional inverter; 20-Wireless communication unit; 21-Nozzle; 22-Spray pressure component; 23-Oil pipe; 24-External electrical load; 25-Base; 26-Bearing arm; 27-Scaled disc; 28-Rotating support shaft; 29-Positioning hole; 30-Linkage rod; 31-Installation interface. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] As shown in the figure, a solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system includes a solar power generation module 1, an energy storage battery module 2, a hoisting drive module 3, a gravity potential energy conversion module 4, and an electrical control connection module 6. The solar power generation module 1 is electrically connected to the energy storage battery module 2. The hoisting drive module 3 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the abandoned mine shaft opening and is connected to the gravity potential energy conversion module 4 through a traction rope. The electrical control connection module 6 integrates a charge and discharge controller 18, a bidirectional inverter 19, and a PLC control unit 17. Each module is connected to the PLC control unit 17 via signals.

[0029] Core component configuration The solar power generation module 1 is composed of monocrystalline silicon solar panels arranged in an array. It is installed on the ground around the opening of the abandoned mine using an adjustable bracket. The bracket's tilt angle can be adjusted from 15° to 45°, allowing for flexible adjustment based on the latitude and seasonal sunlight angle of different regions to ensure maximum solar energy absorption. Current and voltage sensors 8 are installed at the output end of the solar panel array to collect real-time power generation data and feed it back to the PLC control unit 17.

[0030] Core adjustment components: The tilt-adjustable bracket includes a base 25, an extended load-bearing arm 26 on one side of the base 25, an angled graduated disc 27 on the base 25, a rotating support shaft 28 passing through the center of the graduated disc 27, positioning holes 29 symmetrically provided on both sides of the graduated disc 27, a linkage rod 30 and an installation interface 31 for connecting with the solar panel passing through the rotating support shaft 28.

[0031] The graduated disc 2 has 15° / 20° / 30° / 40° / 45° scales, which serve as a visual reference for angle adjustment. It achieves precise graded positioning by cooperating with the positioning hole 29.

[0032] The rotating support shaft 28 is the rotation center of the entire bracket. The solar panel mounting frame rotates around this shaft to achieve changes in tilt angle.

[0033] The positioning holes 29 on the edge of the dial and the matching pins / bolts are used to fix the position of the turntable and prevent the bracket from shifting under wind or its own weight.

[0034] The rigid base 25 and the extended load-bearing arm 26 at the bottom provide stable support for the entire bracket, distributing the weight of the solar panels and wind loads.

[0035] The linkage 30 is an arc-shaped linkage structure on the side, which can help balance the force when the support rotates, and improve the wind resistance and stability of the overall structure.

[0036] The rectangular mounting interface 31 is used to connect the mounting frame of the solar panel, while the auxiliary support foot on the right side further enhances the bracket's anti-tipping ability outdoors.

[0037] Winter: The sun's altitude angle is the lowest, so the tilt angle needs to be adjusted to the maximum (corresponding to the 45° setting in the picture) to make the panel as perpendicular to the sunlight as possible, thereby improving the efficiency of capturing low-angle sunlight.

[0038] Spring / Autumn: When the solar altitude angle is moderate, adjust the tilt angle to the middle setting (corresponding to the 30°-40° setting in the diagram) to balance power generation and support stress.

[0039] Summer: When the solar altitude angle is at its maximum, adjust the tilt angle to its minimum (corresponding to the 15°-20° setting in the diagram) to avoid excessive direct sunlight on the panel and reduce the impact of high temperatures on power generation efficiency.

[0040] The energy storage battery module 2 consists of four battery groups, which are connected in series and parallel to form an energy storage unit to adapt to the system voltage requirements. The supporting battery management unit includes a voltage balancing module, a state of charge monitoring module, and an overcharge and over-discharge protection module, which balances the voltage of each battery cell in real time to avoid affecting the battery pack's lifespan and safe operation due to inconsistent individual cell voltages.

[0041] The lifting drive module 3 includes two permanent magnet synchronous winding machines, which are symmetrically fixed to the ground on both sides of the wellhead by a detachable steel structure bracket. It is equipped with a fixed pulley group, a series tension monitoring module to monitor the tension of the traction rope in real time, and is equipped with a small gear 14, a large gear 15 and a tiny electronic nozzle 16. The electronic nozzle 16 is set towards the gear meshing surface.

[0042] The rolling machines on both sides of the wellhead work in sync, achieving mutual gravity cancellation through a "one-up, one-down" synchronous linkage mode. This significantly reduces the peak power consumption of the motor and specifically addresses the high energy consumption problem of traditional single-channel gravity energy storage systems, laying a core foundation for system energy saving.

[0043] The gravitational potential energy conversion module 4 consists of two modularly assembled weight bodies 10. Each modularly assembled weight body 10 is composed of concrete blocks that are detachably connected by snap-fit. The top is equipped with a stainless steel hanging point to ensure a firm connection with the traction rope. Slider blocks are installed on both sides, and a U-shaped channel steel rail 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the well shaft. The rail is adapted to the slider with a gap of ≤5mm to ensure a smooth lifting process without deviation. The internal components include a built-in hydraulic pump 11 and an oil tank 12, with the oil outlet connected to a hydraulic energy storage device 13.

[0044] The U-shaped channel steel rail 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the well shaft with expansion bolts, and the length of the rail is consistent with the depth of the well shaft. The inner side of the rail is equipped with a wear-resistant coating to reduce friction loss between the slider and the rail. Buffer blocks are installed at both ends to prevent hard collisions when the modular spliced ​​heavy object body is raised or lowered to the limit position.

[0045] The electrical control connection module 6 integrates a charge / discharge controller 18, a bidirectional inverter 19, a PLC control unit 17, and a wireless communication unit 20. The charge / discharge controller 18 is responsible for regulating the energy flow between the solar power generation module 1 and the energy storage battery module 2; the bidirectional inverter 19 has a conversion efficiency of ≥95%, realizing the mutual conversion between DC and AC power; the PLC control unit 17 has a built-in linkage control program to coordinate the collaborative work of each module; and the wireless communication unit 20 supports 4G / 5G network transmission to realize remote monitoring and control functions.

[0046] A laser ranging position sensor 7 is installed on the inner wall of the well shaft to monitor the lifting position of the modular spliced ​​heavy object body 10 in real time and feed it back to the PLC control unit 17, providing data support for precise control.

[0047] Workflow When staff need to use the system, they first set parameters such as power generation, energy storage duration, load requirements, and operating mode on the PLC control unit 17. They then manually adjust the tilt angle of the solar panel array to suit the current lighting conditions, connect the battery packs through series and parallel connections to match the system voltage, and then assemble the modular splicing heavy object body 10 using snap-fit ​​devices. They then use hoisting equipment to lift it into the well shaft, ensuring that the slider is accurately embedded in the guide rail. After closing the wellhead protection device, they send a start command through the terminal device. Once the system is started, the PLC control unit 17 displays real-time operating data such as solar power generation, battery charge status, position of the modular splicing heavy object body 10, and load power supply status.

[0048] 1. Daytime energy storage phase (9:00-17:00) The solar panel array absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy under sunlight. Current and voltage sensors 8 monitor the power generation in real time and transmit the data to the PLC control unit 17. The charge / discharge controller 18, based on the received signals, stably transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage battery module 2. Simultaneously, the PLC control unit 17, combining battery state of charge and sunlight intensity data, activates the dual-roller synchronous linkage mode. The left-side roller drives the corresponding modular assembly heavy object 10 upwards, switching to the large gear 15 for enhanced pulling force, while the electronic nozzle 16 synchronously sprays lubricating oil. The right-side roller drives the corresponding modular assembly heavy object 10 downwards synchronously, switching to the small gear 14 for lifting speed. The gravitational potential energy of the descending modular assembly heavy object 10 can offset 70% of the lifting load on the left side. The roller's drive motor only needs to supplement 30% of its net power to complete the lifting, significantly reducing energy consumption. When the solar power generation is sufficient to meet the roller's driving needs and there is still surplus energy, the excess electrical energy is stored in the energy storage battery module for nighttime energy release or emergency power supply. Meanwhile, during the descent of the modularly assembled heavy object body 10, the built-in hydraulic pump 11 operates, converting part of the potential energy into hydraulic energy and storing it in the hydraulic energy storage device 13.

[0049] 2. Nighttime energy release phase (18:00-6:00 the next day) When there is no solar energy input at night, the PLC control unit 17 automatically triggers the energy release mode, adjusting the operating mode according to the demand of the external power load. If the load demand is large, the system activates the dual-roller synchronous linkage energy release mode. The right-side roller drives the modular splicing heavy object body 10 to rise, switching to the large gear 15 for transmission, while the left-side roller drives the modular splicing heavy object body 10 to descend under gravity, switching to the small gear 14 for transmission. During the descent, the drive motor switches to power generation mode. The generated electricity is processed by the bidirectional inverter 19, with part directly supplying the external power load 24 to meet the power needs of household lighting, small appliances, etc., and the other part being recycled back to the energy storage battery module 2 to replenish the battery power. If the load demand is small, the system activates the asynchronous independent mode, with only a single roller driving the corresponding modular splicing heavy object body 10 to descend and generate electricity, ensuring that the power supply matches the load demand and avoiding energy waste. When there is a momentary high power demand, the hydraulic energy storage releases hydraulic energy to supplement the power supply.

[0050] 3. Security control and remote monitoring During system operation, the tension monitoring module continuously monitors the tension of the traction rope. When the tension exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC control unit 17 immediately triggers the emergency brake of the winding machine to prevent the traction rope from breaking due to overload and causing a safety accident. The position sensor 7 provides real-time feedback on the position information of the modular splicing heavy object body 10. When the modular splicing heavy object body 10 reaches the preset upper or lower limit position, the PLC control unit 17 controls the winding machine to stop in stages. First, the current of the current coil is cut off, and after 10ms, the current of the next coil is cut off. The thrust is used to buffer and decelerate. After 20ms, the current of the last set of coils is cut off, so that the magnetic force returns to zero, ensuring that the modular splicing heavy object body remains stable and stationary.

[0051] Staff can remotely view system operation data via mobile phones, computers, and other terminal devices using wireless communication units. This includes solar power generation, battery state of charge, position of the modularly assembled heavy object, traction rope tension, and load power supply status. The system also supports remote control of the rolling mill's start / stop, operating mode switching, and parameter adjustments, enabling unattended operation. After system operation, operation data curves can be exported, providing data support for subsequent optimization of system operating parameters and improvement of power generation efficiency.

[0052] 4. Emergency Mode In the event of inclement weather such as cloudy days, rain, or smog that prevents solar energy input, the energy storage battery module 2 can independently supply power to external electrical loads. When fully charged, it can meet the basic 24-hour power needs of 10 households. If the battery is depleted due to prolonged lack of solar energy input, staff can manually control the lowering of a single modular assembly to generate electricity, providing emergency power to the loads and ensuring that core power needs are not affected.

Claims

1. A solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system, characterized in that: It includes a solar power generation module (1), an energy storage battery module (2), a lifting drive module (3), a gravitational potential energy conversion module (4), and an electronic control connection module (6). The solar power generation module (1) is connected to the energy storage battery module (2); the hoisting drive module (3) includes a hoisting machine symmetrically arranged on both sides of the abandoned mine shaft opening; a fixed pulley group is provided between the hoisting machine and the shaft opening, and a traction rope with a buckle-shaped iron chain is wound on the hoisting machine. The other end of the traction rope passes through the fixed pulley group and is connected to the gravitational potential energy conversion module (4) through a transmission device composed of a dual-channel gear group. The transmission device includes a large gear (15) and a small gear (16) meshing with the traction rope; the electrical control connection module (6) includes a PLC control unit (17), a charge and discharge controller (18), and a bidirectional inverter (19).

2. The solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roll-up machine is connected to a drive motor, which is a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The drive motor is connected to the energy storage battery module (2) and the external electrical load (24) through a bidirectional inverter (19).

3. The solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar power generation module (1) is a spliced ​​solar panel array. The solar panel array is installed by a tilt-adjustable bracket. The tilt angle of the bracket is adjustable from 15 to 45° and can be adapted to the changes in the solar altitude angle in the four seasons. The output end of the solar panel array is equipped with a current and voltage sensor (8).

4. The solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large gear (15) and the small gear (14) are fixed by a bracket, and an electronic nozzle (16) facing the large gear (15) and the small gear (14) is provided on the inner side of the bracket.

5. The solar-abandoned mine gravity potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage battery module (2) is composed of four sets of energy storage batteries connected in series and parallel, including a battery management unit (9). The battery management unit (9) includes a voltage equalization module, a state of charge monitoring module and an overcharge and over-discharge protection module. The battery management unit (9) is interconnected with the charge and discharge controller (18). The input terminal of the charge and discharge controller (18) is electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar power generation module (1), and the output terminal of the charge and discharge controller (18) is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage battery.

6. The solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gravitational potential energy conversion module (4) includes two modular splicing weight bodies (10). The modular splicing weight body (10) is composed of several concrete blocks or metal blocks that are detachably connected by buckles. The top is provided with stainless steel hanging points. A laser ranging position sensor (7) is installed on the inner wall of the well. The modular splicing weight body is provided with a sealed cavity. The sealed cavity is provided with a hydraulic pump (11), an oil tank (12), a hydraulic energy storage device (13) and a torque sensor. The hydraulic pump (11) is connected to the built-in drive shaft through an elastic coupling. The built-in drive shaft is linked with the traction rope. The oil tank (12) is connected to the oil inlet of the hydraulic pump (11). The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (11) is connected to the hydraulic energy storage device (13) through a high-pressure oil pipe and a one-way valve.

7. A solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modular splicing weight body (10) is provided with sliders on both sides, and the inner wall of the waste gas mine shaft is provided with a U-shaped channel steel rail (5) with the same depth as the shaft. The two ends of the U-shaped channel steel rail (5) are provided with limit buffer blocks, and the sliders are slidably connected to the U-shaped channel steel rail (5).

8. The solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hoisting drive module (3) has its roll-up mechanism fixed to the wellhead ground via a detachable steel structure support, and a tension monitoring module is installed on the traction rope.

9. A solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The signal output terminals of the solar power generation module (1), energy storage battery module (2), lifting drive module (3), laser ranging position sensor (7), current and voltage sensor (8), torque sensor, and tension monitoring module are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of PLC control unit (17).

10. A solar-abandoned mine gravitational potential energy combined energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical control connection module (6) also includes a wireless communication unit (20), the signal output terminal of which is connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC control unit (17).

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