Intelligent plant protection and fertilization system

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent plant protection fertilization system, comprising a unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization platform, a spraying device, a positioning module and a land information management module; the unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization platform is provided with the spraying device and the positioning module and is used for executing fertilization operation; the land information management module is in communication connection with the unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization platform and is used for storing land information and planning an operation route; and the positioning module is used for acquiring real-time centimeter-level position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The intelligent plant protection fertilization system ensures that fertilizers are distributed according to needs by RTK centimeter-level positioning and variable fertilization technology, reduces waste, improves crop absorption efficiency, has a working width of 4-10 meters, has long endurance time, greatly improves operation efficiency, is suitable for large-area farmland and complex terrains, fuses multi-source data and AI algorithms, dynamically optimizes a fertilization scheme, realizes intelligent fine management, has an IP67 protection level and a modular design, guarantees stable operation of the equipment in a harsh environment and prolongs service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant protection and fertilization technology, specifically to an intelligent plant protection and fertilization system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional agricultural fertilization relies on manual labor or ordinary machinery, resulting in problems such as low fertilization precision, significant fertilizer waste, and low operational efficiency. This is especially true in water areas or complex terrain, where manual fertilization is difficult and fails to achieve on-demand application. Most agricultural drones adopt a highly integrated, one-piece design concept, which better meets the diverse needs of agricultural production. These drones are equipped with specialized operating devices for different physical forms of fertilizer to ensure high efficiency and precision in the fertilization process. However, many drone fertilization devices lack high-precision positioning and dynamic variable adjustment capabilities, failing to meet the requirements of precision agriculture for efficient resource utilization and environmental friendliness. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent plant protection and fertilization system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the reliance on manual labor or ordinary machinery for traditional agricultural fertilization, which results in low fertilization precision, serious fertilizer waste, and low operating efficiency. In particular, manual fertilization is difficult in water areas or complex terrain conditions, and it is difficult to achieve on-demand fertilization. Existing drone fertilization equipment mostly lacks high-precision positioning and dynamic variable adjustment capabilities, and cannot meet the requirements of precision agriculture for efficient resource utilization and environmental friendliness.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent plant protection and fertilization system, comprising a drone fertilization platform, a spraying device, a positioning module, and a plot information management module; the drone fertilization platform is equipped with the spraying device and the positioning module, and is used to perform fertilization operations; the plot information management module is communicatively connected to the drone fertilization platform, and is used to store plot information and plan operation routes; the positioning module is used to obtain the drone's centimeter-level position information in real time to ensure that the drone flies along the preset route; the spraying device dynamically adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied according to the instructions of the plot information management module.

[0005] Preferably, the drone fertilization platform adopts a multi-rotor structure design, has vertical take-off and landing and hovering functions, the fuselage adopts a modular design, and the waterproof and dustproof rating is not lower than IP67.

[0006] Preferably, the spraying device includes: an atomizing nozzle for liquid fertilizer, which can atomize the liquid into fine droplets; a rotating centrifugal spreading structure for granular fertilizer, which can adjust the spreading speed and coverage; and a flow monitoring element and an electric adjustment component for real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of fertilizer output.

[0007] Preferably, the positioning module achieves a positioning accuracy of 2-5cm by receiving satellite signals and differential data from ground base stations, and supports autonomous flight of UAVs along preset routes. The positioning module is an RTK centimeter-level positioning module. RTK technology, or Real-Time Dynamic Carrier Phase Differential Technology, is a high-precision positioning method relying on global navigation satellite systems (such as GPS and BeiDou). This technology receives satellite signals and performs real-time correction processing using differential data provided by ground base stations, significantly improving traditional meter-level positioning accuracy to the centimeter level. This centimeter-level accuracy exceeds sub-meter-level positioning requirements. This high-precision positioning provides ample technological upgrade space for future integration of "prescription maps" and precision pesticide application (plant protection systems). With its high precision, RTK technology provides crucial technical support for fields with extremely high positioning accuracy requirements, such as precision agriculture and engineering surveying, powerfully promoting technological innovation and efficiency improvement in related industries.

[0008] The fertilization drone integrates a specially designed RTK positioning module, enabling it to acquire centimeter-level precision location information in real time during flight. Leveraging this technological advantage, the drone can fly strictly according to a pre-planned high-precision route, ensuring accurate coverage of the target area with each operation and avoiding missed or duplicate fertilization. This precision not only significantly improves operational efficiency but also effectively reduces resource waste and environmental pollution, bringing significant economic and ecological benefits to modern agricultural management. Furthermore, the application of RTK technology further optimizes the drone's operation process, allowing it to maintain stability and reliability even in complex terrain conditions.

[0009] In well-defined and regularly laid-out planting areas, such as large farmlands or orchards, the advantages of this high-precision positioning technology are even more pronounced. It significantly improves the accuracy of fertilization operations, ensuring efficient fertilizer utilization and avoiding resource waste caused by positioning errors. Simultaneously, precise location information provides a reliable spatial data foundation for subsequent differentiated fertilization based on crop growth needs. By integrating multi-source data such as soil testing and crop growth analysis, more scientific and rational fertilization plans can be developed, making fertilization operations more targeted and scientific, thereby achieving the goal of increased yield and income. This refined management model not only helps improve agricultural production efficiency but also lays a solid technological foundation for the development of sustainable agriculture, creating favorable conditions for the comprehensive promotion of smart agriculture in the future.

[0010] Preferably, the land parcel information management module is based on geographic information system and cloud computing technology, and the stored information includes: land parcel geographical boundaries, area, soil type, soil fertility, distribution of irrigation facilities, topographic features and multispectral image data.

[0011] Preferably, the land parcel information management module also supports route planning, operation progress viewing, fertilization effect analysis, and can upload real-time operation data to a cloud server for storage and analysis.

[0012] Preferably, the operating width of the spraying device is adjustable: the spraying width for liquid fertilizer is 4-8 meters, and the spreading width for granular fertilizer is 5-10 meters.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a variable fertilization technology module, which draws a fertilization guidance map based on vegetation index and soil data generated from multispectral images, and controls the spraying device to apply appropriate doses of fertilizer in different areas.

[0014] Preferably, the variable fertilization technology module integrates machine learning models, taking into account crop variety, growth stage, climate conditions, and historical yield data to dynamically adjust the fertilization strategy.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This intelligent plant protection and fertilization system is equipped with a drone fertilization platform, a spraying device, a positioning module, and a plot information management module. The positioning module uses RTK centimeter-level positioning and variable fertilization technology to ensure that fertilizer is distributed on demand, reducing waste and improving crop absorption efficiency. The drone has an operating width of 4-10 meters and a long flight time, which greatly improves the efficiency of operation. It is adaptable to large areas of farmland and complex terrain. It integrates multi-source data and AI algorithms to dynamically optimize the fertilization plan, achieving more intelligent and refined management. The IP67 protection level and modular design ensure stable operation of the equipment in harsh environments and extend its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent plant protection and fertilization system, including a drone fertilization platform, a spraying device, a positioning module, and a plot information management module; the drone fertilization platform is equipped with the spraying device and the positioning module, and is used to perform fertilization operations; the plot information management module is communicatively connected to the drone fertilization platform, and is used to store plot information and plan operation routes; the positioning module is used to obtain the drone's centimeter-level position information in real time to ensure that the drone flies along the preset route; the spraying device dynamically adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied according to the instructions of the plot information management module.

[0019] The drone fertilization platform adopts a multi-rotor structure design, with vertical take-off and landing and hovering functions. The fuselage adopts a modular design and has a waterproof and dustproof rating of no less than IP67.

[0020] The spraying device includes: an atomizing nozzle for liquid fertilizer, which can atomize the liquid into fine droplets; a rotating centrifugal spreading structure for granular fertilizer, which can adjust the spreading speed and coverage; and a flow monitoring element and an electric adjustment component, which are used to monitor and dynamically adjust the fertilizer output in real time.

[0021] The positioning module achieves a positioning accuracy of 2-5cm by receiving differential data from satellite signals and ground base stations, and supports the drone to fly autonomously along a preset route. Before agricultural drones can perform operations such as fertilization, high-precision plot boundary data must be entered through the plot information management module, which is the foundation for subsequent precision operations. After the accurate data is input into the system, the system will automatically generate a high-precision flight path covering the entire plot, based on preset parameters such as the working width and overlap ratio, providing a precise path for the drone's fertilization and other operations.

[0022] During actual drone flight operations, the flight control system plays a crucial role. It acquires positioning data from the positioning device in real time and precisely compares it with the preset flight path data. Once a deviation is detected, the flight control system reacts in a very short time, finely adjusting the drone's attitude and position to ensure that its flight trajectory strictly follows the preset path, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of the drone operation and enabling fertilizer to be accurately delivered to the designated location.

[0023] Centimeter-level positioning accuracy offers significant advantages in multi-operation scenarios using drones. Thanks to this high positioning accuracy, drones can precisely return to the same work area in different operations, avoiding the accumulation of errors caused by positional deviations. This advantage is particularly important in multiple operations such as topdressing at different growth stages of crops, as accumulated positional deviations from multiple operations can severely impact the effectiveness of the operation. Drone operations with high-precision positioning provide reliable data support for the scientific evaluation of operational results and in-depth data analysis, driving the development of agricultural production management towards precision.

[0024] The land parcel information management module is based on geographic information system and cloud computing technology, and stores information including: land parcel geographical boundaries, area, soil type, soil fertility, distribution of irrigation facilities, topographic features and multispectral image data.

[0025] The land parcel information management module also supports route planning, operation progress viewing, fertilization effect analysis, and can upload real-time operation data to the cloud server for storage and analysis.

[0026] The operating width of the spraying device is adjustable: the spraying width for liquid fertilizer is 4-8 meters, and the spreading width for granular fertilizer is 5-10 meters.

[0027] It also includes a variable fertilization technology module, which uses vegetation index and soil data generated from multispectral images to create fertilization guidance maps and control the spraying device to apply appropriate doses of fertilizer in different areas.

[0028] The variable fertilization technology module integrates machine learning models and dynamically adjusts fertilization strategies based on crop variety, growth period, climate conditions, and historical yield data.

[0029] The drone fertilization platform uses an industrial-grade drone with a multi-rotor structure (such as the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Edition), featuring 45 minutes of flight time, 4 / 3 CMOS sensors and RTK modules, supporting centimeter-level positioning. The modular design of the body facilitates the loading, unloading and cleaning of the fertilizer tank, and the waterproof and dustproof rating is no less than IP67, making it suitable for complex environments such as humid and foggy conditions.

[0030] The variable-rate spraying / spreading device is designed for liquid fertilizers, achieving uniform application through atomizing nozzles; for granular fertilizers, it employs a rotating centrifugal structure to adjust the spreading range and speed. It integrates flow monitoring and electrically adjustable components, combining flight speed to control the fertilizer application rate per unit area in real time, supporting variable-rate fertilization.

[0031] The RTK centimeter-level positioning module is based on real-time dynamic carrier phase differential technology. It receives satellite signals and differential data from ground base stations (such as CORS service or D-RTK 2 mobile station) to achieve a positioning accuracy of 2-5cm, ensuring that the drone flies accurately along the preset route and avoiding missed or repeated fertilization.

[0032] The land parcel information management module, based on geographic information systems and cloud computing, stores data such as land parcel boundaries, soil type, fertility, irrigation facilities, topography, and multispectral imagery. It supports flight path planning, operation progress monitoring, cloud storage and analysis of data, providing data support for fertilization decisions.

[0033] The variable fertilization technology module calculates vegetation indices using multispectral imagery and combines this with soil data to create fertilization guidance maps, dividing the plot into different zones and matching fertilization amounts accordingly. The flight control system uses RTK positioning to call up the corresponding zone's fertilization parameters in real time, dynamically adjusting the output of the variable device and optimizing the fertilization strategy using machine learning models.

[0034] Working Principle: This invention utilizes a DJI M3E drone equipped with an IP67 protection module, a variable spraying / spreading device, and an RTK positioning module, along with land information management software. Crop growth images are acquired via the drone's multispectral sensor, and soil testing data is input into the land information management module. Based on land boundary data, the system automatically generates a high-precision flight path covering the land, setting the operating width and overlap ratio. The drone flies along the preset flight path, the RTK module corrects its position in real time, and the variable device dynamically adjusts the fertilizer output based on the fertilization guidance map. Operational data is uploaded to the cloud, where the land information management module analyzes the fertilization effect and optimizes subsequent strategies. This invention, through multi-module collaboration, achieves precise, intelligent, and efficient fertilization operations, providing a reliable solution for modern agricultural production. This completes the entire process, and any content not described in detail in this specification belongs to prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely simplified descriptions for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent plant protection and fertilization system, characterized in that, It includes a drone fertilization platform, a spraying device, a positioning module, and a land information management module; the drone fertilization platform is equipped with the spraying device and the positioning module and is used to perform fertilization operations; The land parcel information management module is communicatively connected to the drone fertilization platform and is used to store land parcel information and plan operation routes; the positioning module is used to obtain the drone's centimeter-level position information in real time to ensure that the drone flies along the preset route; the spraying device dynamically adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied according to the instructions of the land parcel information management module.

2. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drone fertilization platform adopts a multi-rotor structure design, with vertical take-off and landing and hovering functions. The fuselage adopts a modular design and has a waterproof and dustproof rating of no less than IP67.

3. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying device includes: an atomizing nozzle for liquid fertilizer, which can atomize the liquid into fine droplets; a rotating centrifugal spreading structure for granular fertilizer, which can adjust the spreading speed and coverage; and a flow monitoring element and an electric adjustment component, which are used to monitor and dynamically adjust the fertilizer output in real time.

4. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning module achieves a positioning accuracy of 2-5cm by receiving satellite signals and differential data from ground base stations, and supports the UAV to fly autonomously along a preset route.

5. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land parcel information management module is based on geographic information system and cloud computing technology, and stores information including: land parcel geographical boundaries, area, soil type, soil fertility, distribution of irrigation facilities, topographic features and multispectral image data.

6. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land parcel information management module also supports route planning, operation progress viewing, fertilization effect analysis, and can upload real-time operation data to the cloud server for storage and analysis.

7. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating width of the spraying device is adjustable: the spraying width for liquid fertilizer is 4-8 meters, and the spreading width for granular fertilizer is 5-10 meters.

8. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a variable fertilization technology module, which uses vegetation index and soil data generated from multispectral images to create fertilization guidance maps and control the spraying device to apply appropriate doses of fertilizer in different areas.

9. The intelligent plant protection and fertilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The variable fertilization technology module integrates machine learning models and dynamically adjusts fertilization strategies based on crop variety, growth period, climate conditions, and historical yield data.

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