Artificial domestication of cloud-dwelling deer and efficient cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of artificial domestication cloud habitat deer efficient cultivation method, comprising the following steps: early preparation: build the site and facilities that meet the requirements of cultivation and complete disinfection, while preparing the required fungus stick, culture medium, red pine extract, basic fungus bag and activated cloud habitat deer strain;Custom fungus stick preparation: the raw materials including non-pollution wild hard sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1% and appropriate red pine extract are mixed to prepare culture medium and sterilized, after cooling culture medium and nutrient solution are evenly mixed to make nutrient stick, can be efficiently planted in artificial facilities, improve unit area yield.The application can efficiently decompose the insoluble components in hard sawdust by constructing local nutrient stick matrix and pre-symbiotic environment of cloud habitat deer fungus, and simultaneously activates the mycelium activity of cloud habitat deer, lays a good nutritional and microecological foundation for mycelium growth and primordium differentiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of artificial domestication and high-efficiency cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for the high-efficiency cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, Yunqi velvet mushrooms have been successfully domesticated and cultivated, becoming a rare mushroom variety with both edible and medicinal value, following wild Yunqi velvet mushrooms. The existing cultivation technology has formed a relatively complete process system. Cultivation can be carried out using customized 17cm×58cm mushroom bags, which need to be ordered 90 days in advance. After 50-60 days of mycelial growth and 105-120 days of maturation, the mushrooms begin to emerge. During cultivation, temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration are controlled in stages. For example, the temperature is controlled at 19℃-25℃ during the mycelial growth period and maintained at a constant temperature of 19℃-20℃ during the mushroom emergence period. Simultaneously, techniques such as aeration by perforation, bag removal management, water replenishment, and thinning of buds for harvesting are employed. Mushroom emergence can also be promoted through temperature difference stimulation and vibration stimulation. Pest and disease control mainly relies on conventional methods such as chemical disinfection and fumigation. This approach enables basic artificial mass production of Yunqi velvet mushrooms and has clearly defined pre-set standards for the differentiation between fresh and dried mushrooms.

[0003] Although existing technologies enable the artificial cultivation of *Mammillaria yunnanensis*, they still fall short of the goals of high-yield, high-quality, and stable ecological cultivation. In terms of yield, current technologies lack an efficient microecological activation system, resulting in limited utilization of red pine wood extracts. Insufficient mycelial activity limits the yield per package to 0.8-1.0 kg, making it difficult to overcome production bottlenecks. Regarding quality, the lack of precise physiological disease control measures leads to a high rate of deformed mushrooms, and the proportion of high-quality mushrooms cannot meet the demands of the high-end market. In terms of cultivation stability, pest and disease control relies on single pesticides, which poses a risk of contamination, and the artificial control of environmental parameters is prone to management errors. Furthermore, the traditional method has a high labor cost, making it unsuitable for large-scale, year-round cultivation. The use of some chemical agents can also affect the retention of medicinal components in the fruiting bodies, failing to balance product safety and medicinal value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Modern medicine has shown that *Trichosanthes kirilowii*, containing double-stranded *Trichosanthes kirilowii* polysaccharides, *Trichosanthes kirilowii* polypeptides, and the globally unique anti-cancer substance *Trichosanthes kirilowii* alcohol, possesses various beneficial effects, including enhancing immunity, anti-cancer and anti-tumor activity, treating diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, anti-aging and beautifying the skin, and promoting gastrointestinal health and liver protection. Therefore, it is widely used globally in the research and development of pharmaceuticals, health products, and cosmetics. However, artificial cultivation of *Trichosanthes kirilowii* is very difficult, and currently there is no suitable and efficient artificial cultivation method. To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a highly efficient artificial cultivation method for *Trichosanthes kirilowii*, solving the problems of low yield, poor quality, weak stability, high cost, difficulty in achieving large-scale high-quality production, and seasonal influence in existing traditional cultivation methods. To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides the following technical solution: A highly efficient cultivation method for artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms includes the following steps: S1 Preliminary Preparations: Construct a site and facilities that meet the cultivation requirements and complete disinfection. At the same time, prepare the nutrient sticks, culture medium, red pine wood extract, and activated Yunqi mushroom strains required for cultivation. S2 Customized Nutrient Mushroom Stick Preparation: Carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cob particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:1 as the main material. 8% wheat bran, 5% soybean meal, 1% gypsum, and 0.5% red pine extract are added to the main material. The nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the culture medium is adjusted to 1:30, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.0. After fermentation, the culture medium is sterilized. The fermented culture medium is then mixed with the nutrient solution to form appropriately sized nutrient mushroom sticks with a diameter of 10.5cm × 40cm, a nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1:30, and a pH of 5.5-7, creating a symbiotic environment for the growth of *Ulva prostrata* mycelium. These sticks are then packaged in 17×58cm plastic bags. *Ulva prostrata* mycelium is then inoculated into the nutrient mushroom sticks, and efficient mycelial growth is achieved through perforation for oxygenation and temperature and humidity control until the mycelium enters the post-maturation stage and reaches the preset age. Visually, the mycelium changes from white to yellow and forms a scab-like yellowish-brown mycelial skin. S3 Multi-dimensional Synergistic Induction of Mushroom Growth: Mature nutrient substrate bags are treated to induce mushroom growth. The composite induction is achieved through sound wave stimulation, rare earth ion spraying, and temperature and vibration stimulation. Once black or yellowish-brown spots form on the surface of the substrate bags, the substrate bags are aseptically broken open for mushroom cultivation. S4 Fine Management of the Mushroom Growth Period: After the bags are broken, the temperature, humidity, light and ventilation of the mushroom sticks are controlled, the thinning of buds and watering are completed, the environmental requirements and time of the mushroom growth period management and the resting period management are controlled, and physiological diseases and pests are prevented and controlled in a targeted manner. S5 Green Pest and Disease Control: Pre-treat the cultivation site, implement synergistic protection of plant-derived compound extracts and biological fungicides during the dormancy period, and carry out emergency treatment for infectious pests and diseases. S6 Harvesting, Storage and Packaging: Harvest Yunqi velvet according to preset standards, and after pre-cooling, carry out standardized storage and packaging; Among them, through the construction of microbial pre-symbiotic environment in S2 and multi-dimensional compound induction in S3, the yield of Yunqi velvet per package is increased to 1.8-2.2 jin, and the proportion of first-grade products is increased by more than 25%, which is more than 20% higher than the traditional cultivation method.

[0005] Preferably, the site and facilities mentioned in S1 are a greenhouse with a height of 3m, a length of 30m, and a width of 5m. The greenhouse is equipped with temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment, ventilation equipment, lighting equipment, and a 0.5-2Hz low-frequency sound wave generator. The specifications of the mushroom bags are 17 cm × 58 cm. The basic mushroom bags need to be customized 90 days in advance. After the bacterial strain is activated at a constant temperature of 25℃ using PDA medium, the bacterial concentration is 10^6 to 10^7 colony-forming units per milliliter.

[0006] Preferably, the culture medium in S2 is prepared as follows: carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cob particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:1 as the main material. Wheat bran (8% of the total mass of the culture medium), soybean meal (5% of the total mass), gypsum (1% of the total mass of the culture medium), and red pine wood extract are added to the main material. The nitrogen-carbon ratio of the culture medium is adjusted to 1:30 and the pH is 5.5 to 7.0 during the inoculum growth period, so that the nitrogen-carbon ratio is adjusted to above 1:60 during the mushroom emergence period. The culture medium is sterilized at 121°C under high pressure for 2 hours and then cooled to below 25°C. The carbonized pine needle powder is prepared by carbonizing pine needles at 800°C at low temperature and retains the active ingredients of pine resin.

[0007] Preferably, the pre-symbiotic environment construction in S2 specifically involves: inoculating the cooled inoculum bag with activated microbial inoculum solution accounting for 2% of the wet weight of the culture medium under sterile conditions, and culturing it in a light-protected environment at 22°C and 60% relative humidity for 3 to 5 days until the microbial mycelial coverage reaches 30%; the culture environment is a light-protected environment at 19 to 24°C, 55% to 65% relative humidity, and 0.12% to 0.36% carbon dioxide concentration; and the preset mycelial age is 50 to 60 days after full mycelial growth and 105 to 120 days after maturation.

[0008] Preferably, the aeration and perforation process described in S2 is performed in four stages. The perforation tool is disinfected after processing 10 spawn bags, and the perforation area is limited to the dense area of ​​Yunqi Rong mycelium. The specific parameters for the four perforations are as follows: the first time, when the mycelium diameter is 10-15 cm, insert 4 small holes with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 1-2 cm at an angle; the second time, when the mycelium has grown to more than half the length of the spawn bag, insert 12-14 holes with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 2-3 cm at an angle; the third time, when the mycelium has fully grown on the spawn bag, drill 12-14 holes with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a depth of 3-5 cm vertically; and the fourth time, repeat the third perforation operation 20 days before the spawn emerges.

[0009] Preferably, the post-ripening treatment described in S2 involves transferring the spawn bags to the mushroom cultivation shed, cultivating the mycelium at 19 to 25°C for 3 to 5 days, removing contaminated spawn bags, and then adjusting the temperature inside the shed to 26°C and maintaining it for 5 to 7 days until the mycelium forms a yellowish-brown scab-like mycelial skin. The parameters for the composite induction are: a distance of 1.5 meters between the low-frequency sound wave generator and the spawn bags, a stimulation duration of 48 hours, a frequency of 0.5-2Hz, a rare earth ion solution of 0.01 to 0.05 mmol / L food-grade lanthanum or cerium ion preparation, and a spraying amount of 100 ml per square meter applied only to the surface of the spawn bags. The diurnal temperature difference for the temperature variation stimulation is not less than 13°C, and the vibration stimulation is achieved by colliding spawn bags in pairs or by high-power acoustic vibration.

[0010] Preferably, after the aseptic bag breaking in S3, the spacing between the mushroom sticks on the shelf is 3 to 5 cm, and a biological fungicide with the function of inhibiting Trichoderma and disinfecting bacteria needs to be sprayed; for mushroom sticks with mold, the moldy area needs to be cut off separately, and after soaking and rinsing, the biological fungicide should be sprayed again, and the placement direction of the mushroom sticks should be adjusted according to the growth position of the buds.

[0011] Preferably, the environmental control parameters in S4 are as follows: after breaking the bag, maintain a temperature of 19 to 21°C, a relative humidity of 75% to 90%, a light intensity of 150 to 300 lux with supplemental lighting for 8 to 14 hours daily; after the buds form, control the carbon dioxide concentration to 0.08% to 0.16% and adjust the fresh air volume to 70%; when the buds grow to 3 cm, lower the temperature to below 25°C and adjust the humidity to 75% to 85%; the bud thinning involves initially reserving 15 buds, and after they grow to 3 cm, thinning them down to 8-10, prioritizing the removal of buds at the bottom and sides; the water replenishment requires controlling the temperature difference between the water and the substrate. At a temperature of 5 to 6°C, a flow rate of 400 grams per minute, and a single water injection volume not exceeding 400 grams, the moisture content of the substrate should be maintained at 53% to 56% after watering, and the substrate should be cultivated at 16 to 23°C for 7 days. The prevention and control of physiological diseases are as follows: for litchi-shaped primordia, adjust the nitrogen-carbon ratio to above 1:60 and extend the cultivation period to physiological maturity; for flower-shaped primordia, increase the spacing between substrates to 3-5 cm and enhance ventilation and light; for bud shrinkage, avoid spraying water directly onto the buds during hot and dry seasons and high-temperature periods; for grape-shaped primordia, promptly remove diseased primordia and maintain a balanced carbon-nitrogen ratio; for fist-shaped primordia, maintain a constant cultivation temperature, pack the bags tightly, and ensure consistent depth of inoculation holes.

[0012] Preferably, the site pretreatment in S5 involves cleaning up debris before the mushrooms emerge, spraying insecticide on the ground, and spreading quicklime; the plant-derived compound extract is a 0.5% ethanol extract of Usnea extract, Huperzine moss extract, and Juniperus chinensis essential oil in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.5, which needs to be sprayed 3 days later with a biological fungicide that inhibits Trichoderma and kills bacteria, and smoke control is carried out once before the mushrooms emerge and once during the transition period; the emergency treatment involves local treatment of diseases with glutaraldehyde, alcohol, or carbendazim diluted solution, and spraying 1‰ pyridaben or pyrethroid during the non-mushroom emergence period.

[0013] Preferably, the preset standard in S6 is that the fresh velvet fruiting body is 7 to 12 cm long, the cap is 2 to 3 cm long, the stipe is 5 to 9 cm long, and the cap is gray or dark gray. The dried velvet is harvested when the film and the stipe are separated by 2 to 3 cm. The pre-cooling is to put it into a cold storage at 1 to 8°C for more than 4 hours within 1 hour after harvesting. The standardized storage packaging requires foam boxes, three layers of absorbent paper, and 400-gram ice packs that have been frozen for more than 48 hours. Each kilogram of fresh velvet is equipped with one 400-gram or two 200-gram ice packs. The cap is separated from the foam box by absorbent paper and the box is sealed in a cross shape. For year-round cultivation, a factory-style intelligent velvet growing room is used, which links and controls the sound wave stimulation, rare earth spraying parameters, temperature and humidity, and ventilation equipment operating parameters.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention regarding the efficient cultivation method of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms: This invention constructs a pre-symbiotic environment for rhizosphere microorganisms in native alpine coniferous forests, which can efficiently decompose insoluble components in red pine wood extracts and activate the activity of *Trichoderma yunnanensis* mycelium, laying a good nutritional and microecological foundation for mycelial growth and primordium differentiation. The superimposed multi-dimensional composite induction of low-frequency sound waves, rare earth ions, temperature difference and vibration can significantly enhance the transmembrane signal transmission and enzyme activity of mycelial cells, promote the rapid and uniform formation of primordia, effectively break through the yield bottleneck of traditional cultivation, achieve a significant increase in the yield of *Trichoderma yunnanensis* compared with traditional methods, and ensure the stability of the production capacity of multiple batches of velvet from the spawn bags, extending the effective velvet production cycle of the spawn bags.

[0015] 2. By increasing oxygen through different stages and methods of perforation, the growth of Yunqi Rong mycelium is efficiently promoted, and the yield of umbelliferous mushrooms is steadily increased.

[0016] 3. This invention provides a precise prevention and control plan for physiological diseases of Yunqi mushrooms. By adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, controlling the constant temperature for mycelium cultivation, and optimizing the spacing of mycelium sticks and light and ventilation conditions, it can reduce the generation of malformed mushrooms such as lychee-shaped primordia, flower-stalk mushrooms, and grape-shaped mushrooms from the source, significantly reducing the rate of malformed mushrooms. At the same time, the standardized bud thinning, harvesting, and storage process can ensure that the fruiting bodies are of regular shape and free from pests and diseases, greatly increasing the proportion of first-grade products and enhancing the commercial value and market competitiveness of the fruiting bodies.

[0017] 4. The invention constructs a synergistic protection system of regional native plant-derived compound extracts and biological fungicides, which can achieve green and pesticide-free pest and disease control. It can effectively inhibit Trichoderma fungal and bacterial diseases, and repel mites and flies, reducing pollution and the risk of sudden outbreaks of pests and diseases during cultivation. In addition, the phased aeration through perforation and precise control of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration can avoid mycelial burning and bud shrinkage, improve the stability of the overall cultivation process and reduce management difficulty.

[0018] 5. This invention's factory-style intelligent cultivation mode can link and control the core parameters of sound wave stimulation and rare earth spraying with temperature, humidity, and ventilation equipment to achieve automated management of the cultivation process, significantly reducing manual input and lowering labor costs. At the same time, this method is compatible with various cultivation scenarios such as greenhouses and intelligent antler-growing rooms, enabling year-round continuous antler production, improving production efficiency and sustainability, adapting to the needs of large-scale and standardized industrial promotion, and further expanding the application scenarios and industrial value of Yunqi antler cultivation.

[0019] 6. The microbial pre-symbiotic system and plant-derived protection scheme used in the cultivation process of this invention can reduce the use of chemical agents, ensure that the fruiting bodies are free of pesticide residues, and fully preserve the medicinal components of Yunqi Rong, such as Yunqi Rong alcohol, Yunqi Rong polysaccharide, Yunqi Rong polypeptide, as well as a variety of amino acids and mineral nutrients, ensuring that the product has both food safety and medicinal value, meeting the market demand for high-quality edible and medicinal fungi. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of an artificial domestication method for high-efficiency cultivation of Mushroom velvet proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of a method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated *Melatonum yunnanensis* proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a detailed image of *Melato yunnanensis*, a species of mushroom cultivated using an artificial domestication method proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a scene illustration of a high-efficiency cultivation method for artificially domesticated *Trichosanthes kirilowii* proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include," "contain," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "includes..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0023] refer to Figure 1-4 As shown, this invention discloses a highly efficient cultivation method for artificially domesticated Yunqi velvet mushrooms, aiming to solve the problems of low yield and poor quality in traditional cultivation. The method comprises six core steps: S1 preliminary preparation, S2 customized spawn bag preparation, S3 multi-dimensional synergistic induction of velvet growth, S4 refined management during the velvet growth period, S5 green pest and disease control, and S6 harvesting, storage, and packaging. By constructing a native microbial pre-symbiotic environment, combined with low-frequency sound waves and rare earth ion composite induction, and supplemented by precise environmental control, prevention of physiological diseases, and a green protection system, high-yield and high-quality cultivation of ecological Yunqi velvet mushrooms is achieved. Through the synergistic effect of microbial pre-symbiosis and multi-dimensional induction, it achieves a significant increase in single-bag yield and the proportion of high-quality products. It is also compatible with greenhouse and factory-style intelligent cultivation scenarios, possessing practicality, scalability, and promotional value unaffected by seasonality. Basic experimental conditions: The experimental site was a single greenhouse with a spacing of 2 meters and a length of 30 meters, equipped with temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment, ventilation equipment, lighting equipment, and a 0.5-2Hz low-frequency sound wave generator; the mushroom bags used were 17 cm × 58 cm in size; the basic mushroom bags were customized 90 days in advance, and the weight after full mycelial growth was 5.5 catties, and the weight during the post-ripening period was no less than 4.8 catties; the pH value of the irrigation water source was adjusted to the range of 5.5-7.0; the biological fungicide used was a general-purpose preparation with the functions of inhibiting Trichoderma and disinfecting bacteria. Example 1

[0024] This embodiment provides a method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated Mushroom (Trichosanthes kirilowii) for use in basic high-yield cultivation programs. Specific implementation details include: Purpose of implementation: By constructing a basic microbial pre-symbiotic environment and a multi-dimensional composite induction system, stable high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Yunqi mushrooms was achieved, verifying the basic feasibility of the technical solution.

[0025] Implementation steps: S1 Pre-launch Preparations: Site and facility disinfection: Spray the greenhouse and all cultivation equipment thoroughly with 5% quicklime water, seal for 24 hours, and then ventilate and dry. Strain activation: The *Trichoderma hygroscopicum* strain was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the local alpine coniferous forest and activated on PDA medium at a constant temperature of 25°C until the bacterial concentration reached 10^6 colony forming units per milliliter for later use. Material preparation: Prepare carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn cob granules, wheat bran, soybean meal, gypsum, and red pine wood extract as basic cultivation materials prepared by low-temperature carbonization at 800℃.

[0026] S2 Customized Microbial Packet Preparation: Culture medium preparation: Carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls and corn cob granules are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:1 as the main material. Wheat bran, soybean meal, gypsum and red pine wood extract are added to the main material at a mass ratio of 8% to 5.5%. The nitrogen-carbon ratio and pH are adjusted to 1:30 and 5.8 during the incubation period. After bagging, the length of the material surface is controlled at 39-40 cm. The culture medium is sterilized at 121℃ and high pressure for 2 hours and then cooled to below 25℃. Construction of the pre-symbiotic environment: Under aseptic conditions, inoculate the cooled spawn bags with activated *Trichoderma harzianum* mycelium solution at 2% of the wet weight of the culture medium, and incubate them in a dark environment at 22℃ and 60% relative humidity for 4 days until the mycelial coverage of *Trichoderma harzianum* reaches 30%. Yunqi Rong mycelium inoculation and cultivation: Yunqi Rong mycelium was inoculated into the spawn bags that had formed a pre-symbiotic environment. The mycelium was cultivated in a dark environment at 19-24℃, 60% relative humidity, and 0.2% carbon dioxide concentration. During this period, aeration was increased by drilling holes four times. Specifically: First, when the mycelium diameter was 10-15 cm, four small holes with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 1-2 cm were inserted obliquely. Second, when the mycelium had grown to more than half the length of the spawn bag, 12-14 holes with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 2-3 cm were inserted obliquely. Third, when the mycelium had fully grown into the spawn bag, 12-14 holes with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a depth of 3-5 cm were drilled vertically. Fourth, the third drilling operation was repeated 20 days before the emergence of spawn. The drilling tools were disinfected every 10 spawn bags, and holes were only drilled in areas with dense mycelium. Finally, the mycelium was fully grown for 55 days and the post-ripening age was 110 days.

[0027] S3 multi-dimensional synergistic induction of velvet growth: Treatment during the post-ripening stage: Transfer the spawn bags that have reached the mycelial age standard to the spawn shed, cultivate the mycelium at 19-25℃ for 4 days and remove contaminated spawn bags. Then adjust the shed temperature to 26℃ and maintain it for 6 days until the mycelium forms a yellowish-brown scab-like mycelial skin. Composite induction: Turn on the 0.5-2Hz low-frequency sound wave generator, keep the distance between the device and the mushroom bag 1.5 meters, and continuously stimulate with sound waves for 48 hours. At the same time, spray 0.03 mmol / L food-grade lanthanum ion solution onto the surface of the mushroom bag by atomization, with a spraying amount of 100 ml per square meter, which only acts on the surface of the mushroom bag; then stimulate the mushroom bag with a temperature difference of 13℃ between day and night and vibration stimulation by colliding the mushroom bags in pairs until dark brown primordium spots appear on the surface of the mushroom bag. Bag breaking process: Use a knife sterilized with 75% alcohol to aseptically break the bags of the mushroom sticks. After breaking the bags, the mushroom sticks are placed on the shelf with a spacing of 4 cm. Immediately spray with a biological fungicide. Spray again after 3 days. Mushroom sticks with mold are cut off from the moldy areas, soaked and rinsed, and then sprayed with fungicide again. Adjust the placement direction of the mushroom sticks according to the position of the buds.

[0028] S4 Refined Management During the Hatching Period: Environmental control: After the bags are removed, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 19-21℃, relative humidity at 80%, and light intensity at 200 lux, with supplemental lighting for 10 hours daily; after the buds form, control the carbon dioxide concentration to 0.12% and adjust the fresh air volume to 70%; when the buds grow to 3 cm, lower the greenhouse temperature to 23℃ and adjust the relative humidity to 80%. Thinning and watering: When the buds grow to 2 cm, reserve 15 buds. When they grow to 3 cm, sort them into 9 buds. Prioritize removing the buds at the bottom and sides. After the first harvest of buds, water the substrate when there are no buds. Control the water temperature and substrate temperature difference to be 5℃, the watering speed to be 400 grams per minute, and the single watering volume to be 350 grams. After watering, maintain the substrate moisture content at 55%. Then, cultivate the substrate at 18℃ for 7 days. Prevention and control of physiological diseases: For litchi-shaped primordia, adjust the nitrogen-carbon ratio to above 1:60 during the budding period and extend the cultivation period until the bud bag is physiologically mature; for pedicel buds, increase the spacing between bud sticks to 4 cm and enhance ventilation and light in the greenhouse; remove deformed or diseased buds promptly.

[0029] S5 Green Pest and Disease Control: Site pretreatment: Before the antlers emerge, clean up the debris in the greenhouse, spray low-residue insecticide on the ground and sprinkle quicklime to block the initial source of insects; Composite protection: During the dormancy period, spray the greenhouse with a 0.5% ethanol extract made of Usnea extract, Huperzine moss extract and wild juniper essential oil in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.5. Three days later, spray with a biological fungicide. Smoke control should be carried out once before the velvet emerges and once during the transition period. Emergency treatment: If sporadic Trichoderma contamination occurs, local spraying with diluted glutaraldehyde solution is used for treatment. No large-scale pest infestation occurred throughout the process.

[0030] S6 Harvesting, Storage and Packaging: Harvesting: Fresh mushrooms are harvested when the fruiting bodies are 7-12 cm long, the caps are 2-3 cm long and the caps are dark gray. Dried mushrooms are harvested when the veil and the stem are separated by 2 cm. Stop spraying water 4 hours before harvesting. When harvesting, hold the substrate around the mushroom with one hand and twist and twist off the mushroom body with the other hand, leaving no mushroom roots. Deformed mushrooms and diseased mushrooms are harvested and treated separately. Storage and Packaging: Within 1 hour of harvesting, the fresh mushrooms are sent to a 5℃ cold storage for 5 hours for pre-cooling. Standardized storage and packaging are carried out using foam boxes, three layers of absorbent paper, and 400g ice packs that have been frozen for more than 48 hours. One 400g ice pack is provided for every 1 kg of fresh mushrooms. The mushroom caps are separated from the foam boxes with absorbent paper. Finally, the boxes are sealed in a cross shape to ensure that they are airtight.

[0031] Implementation results: In this embodiment, the average yield of a single pack of Yunqi velvet reached 1.9 jin, the proportion of first-grade velvet was 68%, the rate of deformed velvet was 8%, the yield was increased by 21% compared with the traditional cultivation method, and no large-scale pests or diseases occurred during the entire cultivation process, and the overall cultivation process was stable. Example 2

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated Mushroom (Trichosanthes kirilowii) to enhance the microbial pre-symbiotic system. Specific implementation details include: Purpose of implementation: By optimizing the ratio of microbial strains and extending the pre-co-culture time, the decomposition efficiency of red pine wood extract by microorganisms is improved, the activity of Yunqi mushroom mycelium is enhanced, and the yield and the proportion of high-quality mushrooms are further increased.

[0033] Implementation steps: The operation steps in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1, with the only difference being the activation of S1 strain and the construction of the S2 pre-symbiotic environment, as detailed below: S1 strain activation: Alpine cloud-dwelling mushroom liquid was mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1, and the concentration of the bacterial liquid was increased to 10^7 colony-forming units per milliliter after activation. S2 pre-symbiotic environment construction: The pre-symbiotic culture time of the Yunqirong strain was extended to 5 days until the Yunqirong mycelial coverage reached 35%.

[0034] Implementation results: In this embodiment, the average yield of Yunqi velvet per package increased to 2.0 jin, the proportion of first-grade products increased to 72%, the rate of deformed velvet decreased to 6%, and the decomposition efficiency of microorganisms on red pine wood extract was increased by 12% compared with Example 1. The activity of Yunqi velvet mycelium was significantly enhanced, and the mycelium contamination rate during the cultivation period was reduced by 5% compared with Example 1, further improving the overall cultivation quality. Example 3

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated Mushroom velvet, used to optimize composite induction parameters. Specific implementation details include: Purpose of implementation: By fixing the sound wave frequency and changing the rare earth ion type, the stimulating effect of composite induction on primordium formation is enhanced, the primordium formation time is shortened, and the primordium formation efficiency is improved.

[0036] Implementation steps: The operation steps in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, with the only difference being the S3 composite induction step, as detailed below: S3 Composite Induction: The frequency of the low-frequency sound wave generator is fixed at 1Hz, and the stimulation time remains 48 hours; the rare earth ion solution is replaced with a food-grade cerium ion solution of 0.04 mmol / L, and the spraying amount is kept at 100 ml per square meter and applied only to the surface of the mushroom bag.

[0037] Implementation results: In this embodiment, the average yield of Yunqi velvet per package reached 2.1 jin, the proportion of first-grade products was 75%, the rate of deformed velvet was 5%, the primordia formation time was shortened by 12 hours compared with Example 1, the primordia formation efficiency was increased by 18%, the uniformity of fruiting body growth was significantly improved, and the velvet emergence time deviation of each batch did not exceed 24 hours. Example 4

[0038] This embodiment provides a highly efficient cultivation method for artificially domesticated Mushroom (Trichosanthes kirilowii) for the precise prevention and control of physiological diseases. Specific implementation details include: Purpose of implementation: Targeted control measures are developed for various physiological diseases to reduce their incidence, maximize the proportion of high-quality mushrooms, and achieve precise control over cultivation quality.

[0039] Implementation steps: The operation steps in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that the optimization is made only in the S4 step of preventing physiological diseases, as follows: S4 Prevention and Control of Physiological Diseases: For grape-like buds: When preparing the culture medium, the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio should be precisely controlled at 1:30, and the stirring time should be extended to 30 minutes to ensure uniform nutrition. The buds should be removed within 24 hours after they are found. For fist-shaped mushrooms: ensure that the bags are packed tightly when filling them, that the depth of the inoculation holes is uniformly 2 cm, and that the temperature is kept constant at 22℃ during the incubation period to avoid temperature fluctuations; To address the shrinkage of buds: avoid bud emergence during the hot and dry summer months, and only spray water into the air inside the greenhouse during high-temperature periods, without spraying water directly onto the buds; Other measures for preventing and controlling physiological diseases are the same as in Example 1.

[0040] Implementation results: In this embodiment, the average yield of Yunqi velvet per package reached 2.2 jin, the proportion of first-grade products increased to 78%, the rate of deformed velvet was only 3%, the incidence of physiological diseases was reduced by 62.5% compared with Example 1, the marketability of the fruiting bodies reached the best level, and there were no fruiting bodies with obvious deformities or quality defects. Example 5

[0041] This embodiment provides a method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated Mushroom (Trichosanthes kirilowii) for industrialized intelligent cultivation. Specific implementation details include: Purpose of implementation: By incorporating core cultivation parameters into an intelligent control system, automated monitoring and management can be achieved, reducing labor costs while ensuring the stability and yield of year-round continuous antler production.

[0042] Implementation steps: The operation steps in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, with the only difference being the cultivation site and parameter control method, as detailed below: Cultivation site: Factory-style intelligent velvet growing rooms are used instead of traditional single greenhouses; Parameter control: The sound wave stimulation parameters (1Hz frequency, 48-hour duration) and rare earth spraying parameters (0.03 mmol / L lanthanum ion solution, 100 ml / m² spraying volume) are incorporated into the intelligent control system and linked with temperature, humidity and ventilation equipment operating parameters to achieve automated monitoring and adjustment without the need for manual intervention of environmental parameters.

[0043] Implementation results: In this embodiment, the average yield of Yunqi velvet per package reached 2.15 jin, the proportion of first-grade velvet was 76%, the rate of deformed velvet was 4%, the labor cost was reduced by 30% compared with greenhouse cultivation, the cultivation stability was improved by 25%, and the year-round continuous velvet production was successfully achieved, with the yield and quality fluctuation of each batch not exceeding 5%, making it suitable for large-scale and standardized promotion.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides traditional cultivation methods, including: Purpose of implementation: By comparing the traditional cultivation methods without core innovative technologies with the technical solution of this invention, the advanced nature and practicality of the technology of this invention are verified.

[0045] Implementation steps: Preparation of spawn bags: Ordinary sawdust was used instead of carbonized pine needle powder, the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the culture medium was 1:30, no microbial pre-symbiotic environment was constructed, and the mycelium of *Trichoderma harzianum* was directly inoculated; Induction of velvet growth: Only a 13°C day-night temperature difference and vibration stimulation are used, without low-frequency sound waves and rare earth ion composite induction; Pest and disease control: Protection is achieved using only biological fungicides, without the synergistic protection of plant-derived compound extracts; The remaining steps (preliminary preparation, antler management, harvesting and packaging) are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Implementation results: In this comparative example, the average yield of a single pack of Yunqi velvet was only 1.58 jin, the proportion of first-grade velvet was 53%, the rate of deformed velvet was 18%, the incidence of physiological diseases was 3 times that of Example 1, the yield was 27.4% lower than that of Example 1, the proportion of high-quality velvet was significantly lower than that of the various examples of this invention, and multiple small-scale Trichoderma contaminations and velvet fly pests occurred during the cultivation process, resulting in poor overall cultivation stability.

[0047] Overall comparison of cultivation effects of each group: All embodiments of this invention demonstrate superior cultivation effects compared to traditional methods. Embodiment 4 exhibits the best overall cultivation effect, with a single-pack yield of 2.2 jin (approximately 1.1 catties), a first-grade antler ratio of 78%, a deformed antler rate of only 3%, and a physiological disease incidence rate of only 4.5%, representing a 39.2% increase in yield compared to traditional methods. Embodiment 5's factory-style intelligent cultivation model balances yield and production efficiency, achieving a single-pack yield of 2.15 jin (approximately 1.75 catties), a first-grade antler ratio of 76%, and significantly reduced labor costs, enabling year-round antler production. Embodiment 1, as the basic scheme, also achieves a single-pack yield of 1.9 jin (approximately 0.85 catties) and a first-grade antler ratio of 68%, representing a 21% increase in yield compared to traditional cultivation. In contrast, traditional cultivation not only results in lower yields and a lower percentage of high-quality antlers but also suffers from higher rates of pests, diseases, and physiological diseases, fully demonstrating the advanced nature and practicality of this invention.

[0048] This invention achieves high-yield and high-quality cultivation of *Trichosanthes kirilowii* through core technologies such as the construction of a microbial pre-symbiotic environment, multi-dimensional composite induction, and precise prevention and control of physiological diseases. Example 4 demonstrates the best overall cultivation effect and the highest marketability of its fruiting bodies. Example 5's factory-style intelligent cultivation model balances yield and production efficiency, making it suitable for large-scale, year-round promotion. Traditional cultivation methods, lacking core innovative technologies, significantly lag behind the embodiments of this invention in terms of yield and quality, fully verifying the advanced nature, practicality, and promotional value of this invention's technical solution.

[0049] Compared with Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, the five examples of this invention show significant differences in yield, quality and cultivation stability of Yunqi mushroom compared with the traditional cultivation comparative example, which fully verifies the advanced nature of the core technologies of microbial pre-symbiosis, multi-dimensional compound induction and precise disease control.

[0050] From a yield perspective, the comparative example, using the uninnovative traditional cultivation method, yielded an average of only 1.58 jin per package. In contrast, the yields of each embodiment of this invention achieved significant breakthroughs. Example 1, as the basic scheme, achieved a yield of 1.9 jin per package, a 21% increase compared to the comparative example. Example 2, by strengthening the microbial pre-symbiotic system, increased the yield to 2.0 jin. Example 3, after optimizing the compound induction parameters, achieved a yield of 2.1 jin. Example 4, by precisely controlling physiological diseases, achieved a peak yield of 2.2 jin per package, a 39.2% increase compared to the comparative example. Example 5, with its factory-style intelligent cultivation model, also achieved a high yield of 2.15 jin, balancing yield and economies of scale.

[0051] In terms of quality, the comparative example had a first-class product rate of only 53%, a deformed fruiting body rate of up to 18%, and a physiological disease incidence rate three times that of Example 1. The proportion of high-quality fruiting bodies in each example exceeded 65%. Example 1 had a first-class product rate of 68% and a deformed fruiting body rate of 8%. In Example 2, due to enhanced mycelial activity, the proportion of first-class products increased to 72% and the deformed fruiting body rate decreased to 6%. Example 4 had the best quality control effect, with a first-class product rate of 78%, a deformed fruiting body rate of only 3%, a physiological disease incidence rate of only 4.5%, and no obvious quality defects in the fruiting bodies.

[0052] In terms of cultivation stability and cost, the comparative cultivation method repeatedly encountered Trichoderma contamination and velvet fly infestation, making overall management difficult; while each implementation method relied on a green pest and disease protection system, and no large-scale pest and disease outbreaks occurred. The factory-style intelligent mode of Implementation Method 5 also reduced labor costs by 30%, achieved year-round continuous velvet production, and the batch yield and quality fluctuations did not exceed 5%, making it suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0053] In summary, the core technology of this invention improves mycelial activity, constructs an efficient mycelial habitat by optimizing the culture medium ratio and perforation method, strengthens velvet growth induction, and precisely controls diseases, thus achieving high-yield and high-quality cultivation of ecological Yunqi velvet. Example 4 shows the best overall effect, and Example 5 is suitable for large-scale production. In contrast, traditional cultivation methods, due to a lack of technological innovation, are far inferior to the solution of this invention in terms of yield, quality, and stability, highlighting the practical value and promotion potential of technological innovation.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of protection of the claims.

[0055] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Preliminary Preparations: Construct a site and facilities that meet the cultivation requirements and complete disinfection. At the same time, prepare the nutrient sticks, culture medium, red pine wood extract, and activated Yunqi mushroom strains required for cultivation. S2 Customized Nutrient Mushroom Stick Preparation: Carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cob particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:1 as the main material. 8% wheat bran, 5% soybean meal, 1% gypsum, and 0.5% red pine extract are added to the main material. The nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the culture medium is adjusted to 1:30, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.

0. After fermentation, the culture medium is sterilized. The fermented culture medium is then mixed with the nutrient solution to form appropriately sized nutrient mushroom sticks with a diameter of 10.5cm × 40cm, a nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1:30, and a pH of 5.5-7, creating a symbiotic environment for the growth of *Ulva prostrata* mycelium. These sticks are then packaged in 17×58cm plastic bags. *Ulva prostrata* mycelium is then inoculated into the nutrient mushroom sticks, and efficient mycelial growth is achieved through perforation for oxygenation and temperature and humidity control until the mycelium enters the post-maturation stage and reaches the preset age. Visually, the mycelium changes from white to yellow and forms a scab-like yellowish-brown mycelial skin. S3 Multi-dimensional Synergistic Induction of Mushroom Growth: Mature nutrient substrate bags are treated to induce mushroom growth. The composite induction is achieved through sound wave stimulation, rare earth ion spraying, and temperature and vibration stimulation. Once black or yellowish-brown spots form on the surface of the substrate bags, the substrate bags are aseptically broken open for mushroom cultivation. S4 Fine Management of the Mushroom Growth Period: After the bags are broken, the temperature, humidity, light and ventilation of the mushroom sticks are controlled, the thinning of buds and watering are completed, the environmental requirements and time of the mushroom growth period management and the resting period management are controlled, and physiological diseases and pests are prevented and controlled in a targeted manner. S5 Green Pest and Disease Control: Pre-treatment of cultivation sites, implementation of synergistic protection with plant-derived compound extracts and biological fungicides during the dormancy period, and emergency treatment for infectious pests and diseases; S6 Harvesting, Storage and Packaging: Harvest Yunqi mushrooms according to preset standards, and after pre-cooling, carry out standardized storage and packaging; among them, through the construction of microbial pre-symbiotic environment in S2 and multi-dimensional compound induction in S3, the yield of Yunqi mushrooms per package is increased.

2. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The site and facilities described in S1 are a greenhouse with a height of 3m, a length of 30m, and a width of 5m. The greenhouse is equipped with temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment, ventilation equipment, lighting equipment, and a 0.5-2Hz low-frequency sound wave generator. After the bacterial strain is activated at a constant temperature of 25℃ in PDA medium, the bacterial concentration is 10^6 to 10^7 colony-forming units per milliliter.

3. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The culture medium described in S2 is prepared as follows: carbonized pine needle powder, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cob particles are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:1 as the main material. Wheat bran (8% of the total mass of the culture medium), soybean meal (5% of the total mass), gypsum (1% of the total mass of the culture medium), and red pine extract (0.5% of the total mass of the culture medium) are added to the main material. The nitrogen-carbon ratio of the culture medium is adjusted to 1:30 and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 to 7.0 during the inoculum growth period, so that the nitrogen-carbon ratio is adjusted to above 1:60 during the mushroom emergence period. The culture medium is sterilized at 121°C under high pressure for 2 hours and then cooled to below 25°C. The carbonized pine needle powder is prepared by carbonizing pine needles at 800°C at low temperature and retains the active ingredients of pine resin.

4. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-symbiotic environment construction described in S2 specifically involves: inoculating the cooled nutrient sticks with activated *Trichoderma harzianum* liquid at 2% of the wet weight of the culture medium under sterile conditions, and culturing them in a dark environment at 22°C and 60% relative humidity for 3 to 5 days until the microbial mycelial coverage reaches 30%; the culture environment is a dark environment at 19 to 24°C, 55% to 65% relative humidity, and 0.12% to 0.36% carbon dioxide concentration; the preset mycelial age is 65 to 90 days after full mycelial growth and 105 to 120 days after maturation.

5. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration process described in S2 is carried out in four stages. The aeration tool is disinfected after processing 10 spawn bags, and the aeration area is limited to the dense area of ​​Yunqi Rong mycelium. The specific parameters for the four aeration stages are as follows: the first stage is when the mycelium diameter is 10-15cm, insert 4 small holes with a diameter of 1mm and a depth of 1-2cm at an angle; the second stage is when the mycelium has grown to more than half the length of the spawn bag, insert 12-14 holes with a diameter of 1mm and a depth of 2-3cm at an angle; the third stage is when the mycelium has fully grown on the spawn bag, insert 12-14 holes with a diameter of 2-3mm and a depth of 3-5cm at a vertical angle; and the fourth stage is 20 days before the emergence of spawn, repeating the third aeration operation.

6. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The post-ripening treatment described in S2 involves transferring the spawn bags to a mushroom cultivation chamber, cultivating the mycelium at 19℃ to 20℃ for 5 to 7 days, removing contaminated spawn bags, and then adjusting the temperature inside the chamber to 19℃ to 20℃ and maintaining it for 5 to 7 days. The parameters for the compound induction are: a distance of 1.5m between the low-frequency sound wave generator and the spawn bags, a stimulation duration of 48 hours, a frequency of 0.5-2Hz, a rare earth ion solution of 0.01 to 0.05 mmol / L food-grade lanthanum nitrate or cerium chloride preparation, and a spraying amount of 100 ml per square meter applied only to the surface of the spawn bags. The diurnal temperature difference for temperature variation stimulation is not less than 13℃. Vibration stimulation is achieved by colliding spawn bags in pairs or by high-power sound vibration until the mycelium forms a yellowish-brown scab-like mycelial skin.

7. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the aseptic bag is broken as described in S3, the spacing between the mushroom sticks on the shelf should be 5-8cm, and a biological fungicide with the function of inhibiting Trichoderma and disinfecting bacteria should be sprayed. For mushroom sticks with mold, the moldy area should be cut off separately, and after soaking and rinsing, the biological fungicide should be sprayed again. At the same time, the placement direction of the mushroom sticks should be adjusted according to the growth position of the buds.

8. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental control parameters described in S4 are as follows: after breaking the bag, maintain a temperature of 19℃~21℃, relative humidity of 80%~90%, light intensity of 150~300 lux with supplemental lighting for 8~14 hours daily; after the buds form, control the carbon dioxide concentration to 0.08%~0.16% and adjust the fresh air volume to 70%; when the buds grow to 3 cm, lower the temperature to maintain at 19℃ and adjust the humidity to 80%~85%; the bud thinning involves initially reserving 15 buds, and after they grow to 3 cm, thinning them down to 8-10, prioritizing the removal of buds at the bottom and sides; the water replenishment requires controlling the temperature difference between the water and the substrate. At 5℃ to 6℃, at a speed of 400 grams per minute, and with a single water injection volume not exceeding 400 grams, the moisture content of the mushroom sticks should be maintained at 53% to 56% after watering, and the mycelium should be cultivated at 19℃ to 20℃ for 15 days. The prevention and control of physiological diseases are to adjust the nitrogen-carbon ratio to above 1:60 and extend the cultivation period to physiological maturity. For variegated ...

9. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The site pretreatment described in S5 involves cleaning up debris before the mushrooms emerge, spraying insecticide on the ground, and spreading quicklime. The plant-derived compound extract is a 0.5% ethanol extract of Usnea extract, Huperzine moss extract, and Juniperus chinensis essential oil in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.

5. Three days after spraying, a biological fungicide with Trichoderma inhibition and bacterial elimination functions should be sprayed, and smoke control should be carried out once before mushroom emergence and once during the transition period. The emergency treatment involves local treatment of diseases with glutaraldehyde, alcohol, or carbendazim diluted solution, and spraying with 1‰ pyridaben or pyrethroid during the non-mushroom emergence period.

10. The method for efficient cultivation of artificially domesticated velvet mushrooms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset standard mentioned in S6 is that the fresh velvet fruiting bodies are 5 to 9 cm long, the caps are 3 to 4 cm long, the stipes are 2 to 5 cm long, and the caps are gray, light brown, or dark gray. The pre-cooling refers to placing the velvet fruiting bodies in a cold storage at 1 to 8°C for more than 4 hours within 1 hour after harvesting. The standardized storage packaging requires foam boxes, three layers of absorbent paper, and 400-gram ice packs that have been frozen for more than 48 hours. Each kilogram of fresh velvet fruiting bodies is equipped with one 400-gram or two 200-gram ice packs. Absorbent paper is placed between the caps and the foam boxes to isolate them, and the boxes are sealed in a cross shape. For year-round cultivation, a factory-style intelligent warehouse is used to link and control the sound wave stimulation, rare earth spraying parameters, and temperature, humidity, and ventilation equipment operating parameters.

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