Visualized sprouting method for field direct sowing of potato

Abstract

The application provides a potato visualized sprouting field direct seeding method and belongs to the technical field of potato planting. The application digs a ditch, applies base fertilizer on the ditch bottom and covers soil; the seed potatoes are arranged in a triangle shape on both sides of the ditch bottom and are covered with white film; after the seed potatoes germinate, the germination condition of the seed potatoes is observed, the seed potatoes which have not germinated are directly replaced by breaking the film and covering soil to make them level with the ground; when the height of the potatoes on the ground is 25-30 cm, topdressing is performed and the soil is ridged. The application realizes controllable sprouting process, avoids root damage during transplanting, ensures that the emergence rate reaches 100%, the emergence is consistent as a whole and is beneficial to field management. Moreover, the length of the creeping stems and the number of tubers are increased. Moreover, the method can delay the planting period by about 10 days, if it is predicted that there will be a late spring cold, the planting can be delayed without affecting the emergence time, the method can better cope with extreme weather and planting delay and is more suitable for modern large-scale standardized planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of potato planting technology, and in particular relates to a method for direct seeding of potatoes in the field with visual sprouting. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, potato cultivation mainly uses tuber planting. However, it is difficult to judge the quality of seed potatoes from their appearance, especially during storage when the internal temperature is too high due to stacking, which reduces the activity of the seed potatoes. This leads to serious problems such as missing seedlings and inconsistent emergence times, making field management more difficult. The "sprouting with tuber transplanting" technology has solved these problems well. However, it involves covering the seedlings with soil in the field, requiring frequent digging to check. When transplanting, the root system is damaged, the sprouting process is difficult to control, and this process requires a lot of manual labor. It is not suitable for large-scale planting and is difficult to adapt to standardized and mechanized planting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for visualizing potato sprouting and direct seeding in the field.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for direct field seeding of potatoes with visual sprouting, comprising the following steps: (1) Dig a trench, apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the trench, and cover with soil; (2) Place the seed potatoes in a triangular pattern on both sides of the bottom of the furrow on the soil layer with base fertilizer, adjust the sowing spacing appropriately according to the sowing density, and cover with white film; (3) After the seed potatoes have taken root and sprouted, observe the sprouting status of the seed potatoes through a white transparent film. For seed potatoes that have not yet sprouted, break the film and replace them. Then cover the film with soil to make it level with the ground. (4) When the potato height above ground is 25-30cm, apply fertilizer around the plant and mound soil around it.

[0005] Preferably, the depth of the trench in step (1) is 10~20cm, the width of the trench is 10~30cm, and the spacing between the trenches is 1~1.5m.

[0006] Preferably, the base fertilizer in step (1) includes N, P, K compound fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer applied is 30~50 kg / mu.

[0007] Preferably, the thickness of the soil covering in step (1) is 2~3cm.

[0008] Preferably, the sowing density in step (2) is 4000~4500 plants / mu.

[0009] Preferably, the fertilizer used for topdressing in step (4) includes urea, and the amount of topdressing applied is 7.5~12.5 kg / mu.

[0010] Preferably, the height of the ridge in step (4) is 20~30cm and the width of the ridge is 40~50cm.

[0011] Preferably, the potato varieties include Mira and Oya Potato 10.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention enables controllable germination, avoids root damage during transplanting, ensures a 100% emergence rate, and guarantees uniform emergence, which is beneficial for field management. Furthermore, by digging trenches and covering the soil twice, the burial depth of the seed potatoes is increased, thereby increasing the length of the runners in the soil layer—these are the runners that effectively produce tubers—and thus increasing the tuber yield. Mechanized operation can be achieved by matching the method with agricultural machinery and setting appropriate row spacing and trench depth. Trenching and mulching can collect rainwater and reduce evaporation, showing great promise for planting in arid areas with insufficient irrigation facilities. This method can also delay the sowing period by about 10 days. If a late spring frost is predicted, sowing can be postponed without affecting the emergence time, effectively coping with extreme weather and sowing delays, making it more suitable for modern large-scale standardized planting. Detailed Implementation

[0013] This invention provides a method for direct field seeding of potatoes with visual sprouting, comprising the following steps: (1) Dig a trench, apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the trench, and cover with soil; (2) Place the seed potatoes in a triangular pattern on both sides of the bottom of the furrow on the soil layer with base fertilizer, adjust the sowing spacing appropriately according to the sowing density, and cover with white film; (3) After the seed potatoes have taken root and sprouted, observe the sprouting status of the seed potatoes through a white transparent film. For seed potatoes that have not yet sprouted, break the film and replace them. Then cover the film with soil to make it level with the ground. (4) When the potato height above ground is 25-30cm, apply fertilizer around the plant and mound soil around it.

[0014] In this invention, trenches are dug, base fertilizer is applied at the bottom of the trenches, and then the trenches are covered with soil. The depth of the trenches is 10-20cm, preferably 15cm; the width of the trenches is 10-30cm, preferably 20cm; the spacing between the trenches is 1-1.5m, preferably 1.2m; the base fertilizer includes N, P, K compound fertilizer, and the application rate of the base fertilizer is 30-50kg / mu, preferably 35-45kg / mu, and more preferably 40kg / mu; the thickness of the soil covering is 2-3cm.

[0015] In this invention, seed potatoes are arranged in a triangular pattern on both sides of the bottom of a trench on soil with base fertilizer applied. The planting spacing is adjusted appropriately according to the planting density, and the soil is covered with a white film. The film covering is used to increase the temperature and accelerate the rooting and sprouting of the seed potatoes. The planting density is 4000-4500 plants / acre.

[0016] In this invention, after the seed potatoes have rooted and sprouted, the sprouting status is observed through a white transparent film. Seed potatoes that have not yet sprouted are directly replaced by breaking the film, and then soil is covered on the film to make it level with the ground. This facilitates the natural breaking of the film by the potatoes.

[0017] In this invention, when the potato plants reach a height of 25-30 cm above ground, topdressing is applied around the plants, followed by mounding and ridging. This method of gradually covering and mounding soil increases the number and length of stolons in the soil, thereby increasing tuber production. The topdressing fertilizer includes urea, and the application rate is 7.5-12.5 kg / mu (approximately 0.067-0.067 hectares), preferably 8-12 kg / mu, and more preferably 10 kg / mu. The height of the ridges is 20-30 cm, preferably 25 cm, and the width of the ridges is 40-50 cm, preferably 45 cm. The potato varieties include Mira and Omega Potato No. 10.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] Implementation time: 2025

[0021] Implementation Location: Yangqueba Village, Enshi City, Hubei Province

[0022] Implementation Plan: The experimental site is at an altitude of 500m. The potato variety used is "Mira". On February 13th, trenches were dug at 1.2m intervals, 15cm deep, and 20cm wide. 40kg / mu of compound fertilizer was applied to the bottom of the trenches (the soil fertility was good), and covered with a 3cm layer of soil. Seed potatoes were placed in a triangular pattern on both sides of the trench, with a plant spacing of 27cm, resulting in a planting density of 4115 plants / mu. A white film was used to cover the ground. On February 20th, the film was observed, and unrooted or sprouted seed potatoes were replaced. Simultaneously, soil was covered on the film to make it level with the ground. On March 7th, when the potato plants reached a height of 28cm, 10kg / mu of urea was applied as top dressing, and ridges were formed with a ridge width of 45cm and a height of 25cm. Late blight control and weed management were implemented later.

[0023] Conventional planting method: Dig shallow trenches 5cm deep and 20cm wide, place seed potatoes in a triangular pattern (4000 plants / acre), apply 40kg / acre of compound fertilizer in the middle, make ridges on flat ground, ridges 20cm high and 45cm wide, when the potatoes are about 15cm tall, apply 10kg / acre of urea fertilizer as top dressing, and mound soil 5cm.

[0024] Experimental results: The survey results showed that the potato emergence rate reached 99.5%, the emergence was uniform, there was almost no height difference in the potato seedlings, the average number of tubers per plant was 11.0, and the yield was 3008 kg per mu. The conventional potato seedling emergence rate was 92.6%, the height difference of potato plants during the seedling stage exceeded 10 cm, the seedling stage was longer, the average number of tubers per plant was 8.1, and the yield was 2515 kg per mu.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] Implementation time: 2025

[0027] Implementation Location: Fenshui Village, Sancha Town, Enshi City, Hubei Province

[0028] Implementation Plan: The experimental site is at an altitude of 1100m, and the potato variety used is "E'er Potato No. 10". On February 24th, trenches were dug at 1.2m intervals, 15cm deep, and 20cm wide. 40kg / mu of compound fertilizer was applied to the bottom of the trenches (the soil fertility was good), and covered with a 3cm layer of soil. Seed potatoes were placed in a triangular pattern on both sides of the trench, with a plant spacing of 26cm, resulting in a planting density of 4273 plants / mu. A white film was used to cover the ground. On March 2nd, the film was observed, and unrooted or sprouted seed potatoes were replaced. Simultaneously, soil was covered on the film to make it level with the ground. On March 22nd, 10kg / mu of urea was applied as top dressing, and ridges were formed, 45cm wide and 25cm high. Late blight control and weed management were implemented later.

[0029] Conventional planting method: Dig shallow trenches 5cm deep and 20cm wide, place seed potatoes in a triangular pattern (4000 plants / acre), apply 40kg / acre of compound fertilizer in the middle, make ridges on flat ground, ridges 20cm high and 45cm wide, when the potatoes are about 15cm tall, apply 10kg / acre of urea fertilizer as top dressing, and mound soil 5cm.

[0030] Experimental results: The survey results showed that the potato emergence rate reached 99.8%, the emergence was uniform, the potato seedlings had almost no height difference, the average number of tubers per plant was 10.6, and the yield was 3374 kg per mu. The conventional potato seedling emergence rate was 90.3%, the height difference of potato plants during the seedling stage exceeded 10 cm, the seedling stage was longer, the average number of tubers per plant was 7.4, and the yield was 2695 kg per mu.

[0031] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the cultivation method of the present invention, which is adapted to the standardized and mechanized operation of "sprouting and transplanting potatoes", can significantly improve the emergence rate and yield of potatoes.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for visually germinating and directly directing potatoes in the field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Dig a trench, apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the trench, and cover with soil; (2) Place the seed potatoes in a triangular pattern on both sides of the bottom of the furrow on the soil layer with base fertilizer, adjust the sowing spacing appropriately according to the sowing density, and cover with white film; (3) After the seed potatoes have taken root and sprouted, observe the sprouting status of the seed potatoes through a white transparent film. For seed potatoes that have not yet sprouted, break the film and replace them. Then cover the film with soil to make it level with the ground. (4) When the potato height above ground is 25-30cm, apply fertilizer around the plant and mound soil around it.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the trench in step (1) is 10~20cm, the width of the trench is 10~30cm, and the spacing between the trenches is 1~1.5m.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer in step (1) includes N, P, K compound fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer applied is 30~50 kg / mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the soil covering in step (1) is 2-3 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing density in step (2) is 4000~4500 plants / mu.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer used for topdressing in step (4) includes urea, and the amount of topdressing applied is 7.5~12.5 kg / mu.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the raised bed in step (4) is 20-30cm, and the width of the raised bed is 40-50cm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potato varieties mentioned include Mira and Oya Potato No. 10.