A cotton planting method for stably achieving a high proportion of high effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields

Abstract

The application discloses a cotton planting method for stably realizing a high proportion of effective branches in a Xinjiang cotton field, and provides whole-cycle guarantee for cotton growth through multidimensional technical cooperation, and comprises the following key steps: screening of 20% cotton varieties with the highest boll formation rate and resistance to high temperature, selection of an inner-inlaid patch type drip irrigation belt, and precise water and fertilizer quantitative management; the precise water and fertilizer quantitative management comprises the following steps: the number of times of dripping water and the quota in the whole growth period are determined, the lower limit standard of the relative soil water content in each growth stage is set, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input scheme is formulated, and a supplementary irrigation strategy under high-temperature stress is matched; in the field regulation, a dynamic regulation target of plant height in the key growth period is determined, and essential trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and magnesium are supplemented in a directional manner. The method can stably realize that the average proportion of effective branches in the cotton field is greater than or equal to 90%, and the yield per unit area of the conventional cotton field is increased by more than 13.0%, thereby providing an efficient and feasible technical scheme for large-scale and high-yield planting in the Xinjiang cotton area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cotton planting technology, and specifically relates to a cotton planting method that stably achieves a high proportion of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields. The method can be precisely adapted to the ecological characteristics of Xinjiang oasis cotton areas, aiming to make the final number of fruiting branches per cotton plant in Xinjiang cotton fields reach 8.5 to 11.0, with an average of at most 1 ineffective branch per plant, and the rest being effective branches. Background Technology

[0002] Xinjiang, as the core cotton-producing area in my country, currently has a relatively high average yield per unit area in its cotton fields. However, Xinjiang cotton fields currently face prominent problems such as a high proportion of empty fruiting branches and insufficient release of boll-forming potential. Specifically, although the number of fruiting branches per plant can reach 8 to 12, the actual number of bolls is often only 6 to 8, with an empty fruiting branch rate as high as about 50%, which seriously restricts further increases in yield per unit area.

[0003] Because existing cotton cultivation techniques mostly focus on optimizing and improving single-stage technologies, they lack systematic and coordinated management of different technical elements, thus failing to guarantee a high boll retention rate in cotton fields. Taking the widely promoted fertigation technology as an example, its current water and fertilizer management schemes usually do not achieve dynamic coordination and adaptation with key growth indicators such as cotton plant height, resulting in a persistently high physiological boll shedding rate, which consistently exceeds 20% year after year.

[0004] After comprehensive and in-depth analysis, the core bottlenecks restricting further improvement in cotton yield can be mainly attributed to the following technical issues:

[0005] (1) Poor variety suitability: Xinjiang region is prone to adverse weather conditions such as high temperature and drought, but the cotton varieties currently widely planted in production have not undergone targeted high temperature resistance screening and lack special management methods that match the adverse conditions. In particular, when encountering continuous high temperatures for many days, due to the lack of effective technical countermeasures to regulate the microclimate and soil environment of farmland by utilizing the high specific heat capacity of water, it is impossible to provide stress protection for cotton, which directly leads to the aggravation of physiological boll shedding of cotton buds and bolls, seriously affecting yield formation.

[0006] (2) Insufficient refinement of water and fertilizer management: In pursuit of high yield, cotton fields generally have the problem of excessive input of chemical fertilizers, and the fertilization structure is unreasonable and the water and fertilizer coupling regulation lacks precision. Specifically, excessive nitrogen supply during the budding stage can easily cause cotton to grow excessively, while insufficient phosphorus and potassium supply during the flowering and boll-forming stage directly restricts boll-forming efficiency. At the same time, the supplementation of micronutrients such as zinc, boron, and magnesium has not received enough attention and scientific application. Although the research on intelligent drip irrigation technology and cotton growth model has made phased progress, in production practice, key dynamic data such as soil moisture and plant height have not been fully utilized for precise management and auxiliary decision-making. In production, traditional experience is still mainly relied on for water and fertilizer management, which seriously affects the stable improvement of boll retention rate. In addition, some cotton fields are still using edge-slit maze-type drip irrigation tape with poor irrigation uniformity (uniformity ≤80%), which further aggravates the problem of uneven distribution of water and fertilizer in the field and increases the risk of bud and boll drop.

[0007] (3) Soil quality is deteriorating. Due to factors such as long-term continuous cropping, mechanical compaction, and imbalance of soil nutrients, the topsoil of cotton fields in Xinjiang generally suffers from compaction (bulk weight ≥1.4g / cm³), and the soil organic matter content remains low, with many cotton fields having a content below 10.0g / kg. At the same time, soil salinization is becoming increasingly prominent, with the total salt content of many cotton fields exceeding 7.5‰. These soil problems seriously restrict the absorption efficiency of water and nutrients by cotton roots, resulting in a significant decline in the overall soil fertility.

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned current technical situation, there is an urgent need to develop a cotton planting technology that can effectively solve the problems of high proportion of empty fruit branches, insufficient release of boll-forming potential, and bottlenecks in yield improvement in Xinjiang cotton fields, so as to achieve a planting technology with a high proportion of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields and provide effective technical support for high cotton yield in Xinjiang. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the technical problems of high proportion of empty fruit branches, insufficient boll-forming potential, and bottlenecks in yield improvement in Xinjiang cotton fields. It provides a cotton planting method that stably achieves a high proportion of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields. The method constructs a precise management system for cotton fields, which can effectively solve the technical problems of high proportion of empty fruit branches, insufficient boll-forming potential, and bottlenecks in yield improvement in Xinjiang cotton fields, and significantly improve the proportion of effective branches and yield level of cotton.

[0010] To achieve the above technical objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a cotton planting method for stably achieving a high percentage of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1. Select suitable varieties: Randomly select more than 10 cotton varieties that have been widely planted in production to form an experimental group, and conduct a comparative test on resistance to high temperature and drought in the local natural environment of Turpan City, Xinjiang. Select the top 20% of varieties with the highest boll formation rate to ensure the boll formation potential of cotton under adverse conditions from the source, and lay the foundation for high yield in the future.

[0012] 2. Cotton sowing: The selected cotton varieties are sown in cotton fields that meet the basic conditions, which are the soil physicochemical indicators required for high-yield cotton fields, including but not limited to soil thickness, organic matter content, pH value, and salinity.

[0013] 3. Precision and quantitative management of water and fertilizer: After the cotton budding stage, including normal sowing and emergence, conventional drip irrigation is carried out 8-12 times; drip irrigation begins from the end of May to the beginning of June and ends from August 25 to September 5 of the same year. The irrigation cycle from the first drip irrigation to the last conventional drip irrigation is controlled within 6-9 days throughout the entire growth period; conventional drip irrigation operations are avoided during the midday high temperature period when the highest temperature of the day is ≥35℃; the quota for the first conventional drip irrigation is 30-40 m³ / mu, and the quota for each subsequent conventional drip irrigation during the budding stage is 25-30 m³ / mu; from the flowering and boll opening stage, except for the last conventional drip irrigation quota of ≥45 m³ / mu, the quota for each subsequent drip irrigation is 25-35 m³ / mu; the relative moisture content of the topsoil in the cotton field is monitored in real time throughout the entire growth period and controlled within the preset lower limit of moisture content; drip irrigation uses inlaid patch drip irrigation tape, and the dripper flow rate is controlled within the range of 1.38-2.0 L / h;

[0014] 4. Micronutrient Supplementation: Apply micronutrients boron, zinc, manganese, and magnesium to cotton plants. Specific basal application or foliar application plans for boron, zinc, manganese, and magnesium can be developed, clearly defining the application time, dosage, and method for each micronutrient to accurately meet the micronutrient requirements for high-quality and high-yield cotton, ensuring normal physiological metabolism and reproductive growth.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of step 2, the basic conditions of the cotton field are as follows: the terrain is flat and the effective soil layer thickness is ≥1m; the soil nutrient indicators need to reach organic matter ≥11.0g / kg, available nitrogen ≥65mg / kg, available phosphorus ≥15mg / kg, available potassium ≥140mg / kg, and the pH value is stable at 7~8; the total salt content of the topsoil is ≤7.5‰, of which the content of soluble salts, mainly chloride, is ≤0.4% and the content of soluble salts, mainly sulfate, is ≤0.5%; and the field is equipped with matching drip irrigation facilities.

[0016] As a preferred method for step 2, drip irrigation under mulch is adopted, which means that before cotton sowing, the straw in the field is crushed and returned to the field evenly, without pre-sowing irrigation to conserve moisture, and irrigation is started immediately after sowing.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of step 3, the lower limit index of moisture content is:

[0018] June 16 to June 30: 50%~65%;

[0019] July 1st to July 14th: 55%~65%;

[0020] July 15 to August 10: 60%~70%;

[0021] August 11 to August 25: 50%~65%;

[0022] August 26 to September 10: 35%~55%.

[0023] As a preferred method for step 3, fertilizer is applied with each routine drip irrigation. By clearly defining the types, ratios, and application rates of fertilizers throughout the entire growth period and at key growth stages such as the budding and boll-forming stages, precise matching of nutrient supply with cotton growth needs is ensured, achieving a coordinated and precise supply of water and fertilizer. The total amount of fertilizer applied via drip irrigation throughout the entire growth period is: urea 55-65 kg / mu, monoammonium phosphate 20-30 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-12 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate 10-20 kg / mu. Among these:

[0024] For routine drip irrigation during the budding stage: apply 2.5-4.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate each time.

[0025] During the flowering and boll-forming stage, routine drip irrigation is recommended. Topdressing should begin after July 8th. The first topdressing should consist of 7.5-10.5 kg / mu of urea, 2.5-3.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5-2.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The second topdressing should consist of 7.5-10.5 kg / mu of urea, 4.5-7.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3.0-4.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The third topdressing should consist of 4.0-6.0 kg / mu of urea and 4.5-7.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate. Apply 0.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3.0-4.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. For the last top dressing, apply 1.0-2.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. During the flowering and boll-forming stage, apply 4.0-6.0 kg / mu of urea, 2.0-3.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.0-2.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate each time.

[0026] As an preferred option for step 3, it also includes the coordinated regulation of water, fertilizer, and plant height: preset the target range of plant height for different stages and the corresponding water and fertilizer amounts, including irrigation quotas and topdressing standards; monitor or predict cotton plant height in real time and compare it with the target range to adjust the water and fertilizer amounts so that the plants are always maintained in an ideal growth state, thus building a good plant type foundation for a high boll formation rate: when the plant height exceeds the target range, the drip irrigation amount is taken as the lower limit of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount is taken as the lower limit of the topdressing standard for the corresponding stage; when the plant height does not reach the target range, the drip irrigation amount is taken as the upper limit of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount is taken as the upper limit of the topdressing standard for the corresponding stage; when the plant height is within the target range, the drip irrigation amount is taken as the median of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount is taken as the median of the topdressing standard for the corresponding stage. More preferably, the target range for plant height in a cotton field with one film covering six rows and a film width of 205cm is set as follows: May 25: 18~25cm; June 4: 28~40cm; June 14: 40~45cm; June 24: 50~60cm; July 4: 65~72cm; July 14 to August 24: 78~89cm.

[0027] As an alternative to step 3, a high-temperature stress irrigation step is also included. That is, when there is extreme weather with a daily maximum temperature of ≥35℃ for more than 3 consecutive days and no regular drip irrigation is carried out on that day, irrigation is carried out once every 1 to 2 days, with a single irrigation amount of 5 to 10 m³ / mu. The controlled irrigation operation must be carried out during the lower temperature period of the day (usually in the morning or at night) to avoid damage to the cotton roots caused by dripping water under high temperature.

[0028] As a preferred option in step 4, boron is supplemented to the cotton field using any one or a combination of the following two methods:

[0029] (1) Apply borax to cotton fields as a base fertilizer every 2-3 years, with a single application rate of 0.5-1.0 kg / mu;

[0030] (2) During the budding stage, early flowering stage and flowering and boll-forming stage of the growing season, spray the leaves once with a 0.2% borax solution.

[0031] Supplementing cotton fields with manganese: Apply a 0.1% manganese sulfate solution to the leaves once during the cotton seedling stage and once during the peak budding stage.

[0032] To supplement zinc in cotton fields, one of the following two methods can be used: (1) Spray the leaves with a zinc sulfate solution of 0.1% to 0.2% 1 to 2 times during the budding to boll-forming stage, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between the two sprays; (2) During the budding stage, apply 0.4 to 0.5 kg / mu of zinc sulfate with drip irrigation.

[0033] To supplement magnesium in cotton fields: During the flowering and boll-forming stage, spray the leaves with a 0.3% to 0.5% magnesium sulfate solution 2 to 3 times, with an interval of about 7 days between sprays.

[0034] As a preferred option among the above technical solutions, precise measurement methods are used to monitor field indicators, including: cotton plant height is measured using a laser rangefinder or a drone lidar sensor, and soil moisture in cotton fields is monitored in real time using a frequency domain reflectometer or a time domain reflectometer.

[0035] The technical solution of this invention constructs a multi-dimensional synergistic regulation system centered on "high boll-forming variety selection (top 20% of boll-forming varieties) - precise quantitative regulation of water and fertilizer - dynamic synergistic management of plant height - optimization of cotton field basic conditions (soil improvement, facility support) - scientific supplementation of micronutrients". By clarifying the lower limit threshold of relative soil moisture content in the tillage layer at different cotton growth stages, establishing the dynamic target range for plant height in high-yield cotton fields, and deeply coupling this with fertigation technology under mulch film, precise time-variety allocation of water and fertilizer resources is achieved. Its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0036] 1. Enhanced target stability: It has strong adaptability to different soil environments and can stably achieve the core target of "average percentage of effective cotton branches ≥90%" under various typical soil conditions in the core cotton-growing areas of Xinjiang, my country.

[0037] 2. Significantly increased yield: The application of the technical solution of this invention can significantly improve cotton production efficiency, effectively tap the boll-forming potential and high-yield space of cotton fields, and increase the yield per unit area of ​​cotton fields by more than 13.0%;

[0038] 3. Overcoming Technical Bottlenecks: Through the synergistic integration of multiple technical elements, the core technical bottlenecks commonly found in high-yield cotton fields in Xinjiang have been precisely addressed—namely, the underutilization of boll-forming potential due to extensive water and fertilizer management (such as excessive fertilization and uneven irrigation), isolated technical links (such as lack of plant height and water-fertilizer synergy), and insufficient adaptation of basic conditions (such as soil degradation and salinization). This fundamentally improves the rate of empty fruit branches and boll shedding, ensuring that the final number of fruit branches per cotton plant in Xinjiang reaches 8-11, with an average of ≤1 ineffective branch per plant, thus constructing a stable technical path for high cotton yield.

[0039] In summary, the successful implementation of the technical solution of this invention can not only accurately solve the technical problem of further increasing yield per unit area in Xinjiang cotton-growing areas, but also, with its efficient resource utilization characteristics, create conditions for freeing up more land in cotton-growing areas of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins for grain production, thereby providing dual technical support for the national cotton security and food security strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The following figures are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the detailed embodiments to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. They include:

[0041] Figure 1This invention provides a flowchart of the steps for a cotton planting method that stably achieves a high percentage of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields.

[0042] Figure 2 shows a comparison of typical single cotton plants in a Xinjiang cotton field, in which: Figure 2a Photographs of typical single cotton plants in Xinjiang cotton fields where the cotton planting method of this invention has not been applied; Figure 2b A typical single cotton plant photograph in a Xinjiang cotton field where the cotton planting method of the present invention has been applied. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] This invention addresses existing problems by providing a cotton planting method that stably achieves a high percentage of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields. By systematically integrating methods such as targeted screening of varieties with high boll-forming potential, precise quantitative management of water and fertilizer in time and space, dynamic and coordinated regulation of plant height, selection of basic soil conditions in cotton fields, and targeted supplementation of key micronutrients, a precise management system for cotton fields is constructed. This system can achieve a breakthrough increase in the percentage of effective branches in cotton fields, thereby achieving the core goal of steady yield growth.

[0045] To achieve the above technical solution, such as Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cotton planting method for stably achieving a high percentage of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Select suitable varieties;

[0047] S2. Cotton sowing;

[0048] S3. Precision and quantitative management of water and fertilizer;

[0049] S4. Micronutrient supplementation.

[0050] As a better implementation method:

[0051] In S2, the basic conditions for cotton fields are: flat terrain with an effective soil layer thickness ≥1m; soil nutrient indicators must meet the following requirements: organic matter ≥11.0g / kg, available nitrogen ≥65mg / kg, available phosphorus ≥15mg / kg, available potassium ≥140mg / kg, and pH value stable at 7~8; total salt content of topsoil ≤7.5‰, of which the content of soluble salts, mainly chloride, is ≤0.4%, and the content of soluble salts, mainly sulfate, is ≤0.5%; and a matching drip irrigation system is provided.

[0052] In S2, sowing is carried out using drip irrigation under mulch film.

[0053] S3 also includes the S301 step of coordinated regulation of water, fertilizer and plant height. The target range for plant height in cotton fields with one film, six rows and a film width of 205cm is set as follows: May 25: 18~25cm; June 4: 28~40cm; June 14: 40~45cm; June 24: 50~60cm; July 4: 65~72cm; July 14 to August 24: 78~89cm.

[0054] S3 also includes the S302 high-temperature stress irrigation step.

[0055] In S4, to supplement boron in cotton fields, use any one or a combination of the following two methods: Apply borax as a base fertilizer every 2-3 years, at a rate of 0.5-1.0 kg / mu; during the budding, early flowering, and boll-forming stages, spray the leaves once with a 0.2% borax solution. To supplement manganese in cotton fields, spray the leaves once with a 0.1% manganese sulfate solution during the seedling and peak budding stages. To supplement zinc in cotton fields, use one of the following two methods: during the budding to boll-forming stage, spray the leaves 1-2 times with a 0.1%-0.2% zinc sulfate solution, with an interval of 7-10 days between applications; during the budding stage, apply 0.4-0.5 kg / mu of zinc sulfate with drip irrigation. To supplement magnesium in cotton fields, during the boll-forming stage, spray the leaves 2-3 times with a 0.3%-0.5% magnesium sulfate solution, with an interval of approximately 7 days between applications.

[0056] Precise measurement methods are used to monitor field indicators. Cotton plant height can be measured by laser rangefinders or drone lidar sensors, and soil moisture in cotton fields can be monitored in real time by frequency domain reflectometers or time domain reflectometers.

[0057] like Figure 2a and 2b As shown, this is a direct comparison of the implementation effect of the technical solution of the present invention among typical single plants in cotton fields in Xinjiang. After implementing the cotton planting method of the present invention, the final number of fruiting branches per cotton plant reaches 8.5 to 11.0, and on average, there is at most 1 ineffective branch per plant (i.e., the number of empty fruiting branches without boll formation is ≤1), while the rest are effective branches (i.e., each fruiting branch has more than 1 boll).

[0058] Example 1

[0059] I. Example: Basic Information of Cotton Field

[0060] 1. Time and Location: To be carried out at the breeding farm of Xinjiang Keyuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd. in 2025.

[0061] 2. Tested varieties and area: The cotton variety tested was “Ba 43541”, and the area covered was approximately 200 mu.

[0062] 3. Selection criteria: In a comparative test of high temperature and drought resistance among 12 cotton varieties conducted in the Turpan region, this variety ranked among the top 8% in terms of boll formation rate. It demonstrated excellent high temperature resistance and water retention capacity during the flowering and boll formation period, which fully meets the core selection criteria for adaptable varieties in this invention.

[0063] II. Basic Conditions of Cotton Fields (Example)

[0064] The plot has a flat terrain and an effective soil layer thickness greater than 1.2 meters. Before sowing, the soil's physicochemical properties were tested, and the results are as follows: organic matter content 11.5 g / kg, available nitrogen 72 mg / kg, available phosphorus 18 mg / kg, available potassium 158 mg / kg, pH 7.6, and total salt content in the topsoil 7.3‰. All indicators meet the soil requirements for high-yield cotton fields as specified in this invention. The plot is equipped with a complete drip irrigation system under mulch film, and the irrigation uniformity was tested to be ≥85%, meeting the technical requirements for drip irrigation facilities in this invention.

[0065] III. Planting and Field Management Measures

[0066] 1. Sowing and application of base fertilizer

[0067] Planting pattern: The planting pattern is 6 rows per film (205cm wide), with a theoretical density of 14,000 plants per mu.

[0068] Straw return to the field: Before sowing, the straw of the previous season's crop is crushed to a length of ≤10cm and then returned to the field in full. Afterwards, deep plowing is carried out to a depth of 50~70cm to improve the soil structure.

[0069] Sowing and seedling water management: No pre-sowing irrigation is required. After sowing is completed on April 15, immediately drip irrigation of 15 m³ / mu is applied to ensure full seedling emergence.

[0070] 2. Precision and quantitative management of water and fertilizer

[0071] Drip irrigation system configuration: The entire system uses inlaid patch drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 1.8L / h and a dripper spacing of 30cm to ensure accurate and uniform irrigation.

[0072] Irrigation Management: A total of 10 drip irrigations were carried out after seedling emergence, with the specific irrigation plan as follows: the first irrigation was on June 5th, with an irrigation quota of 35 m³ / mu; three subsequent irrigations were carried out during the budding stage, with each irrigation quota of 28 m³ / mu; a total of 6 drip irrigations were carried out from the flowering and boll-forming stage to the fluffing stage, with the first 5 irrigations having a quota of 30 m³ / mu; the last irrigation was on August 20th, with an irrigation quota of 48 m³ / mu; all drip irrigation operations ceased on September 1st. Throughout the entire growth period, the relative soil moisture content was monitored in real time using a frequency domain reflectometer to ensure that it was strictly controlled within the lower limit range defined in claim 1 of this invention.

[0073] Fertilizer Management: Fertilizer is applied via drip irrigation throughout the entire growth period, with specific dosages of 60 kg / mu for urea, 25 kg / mu for monoammonium phosphate, 10 kg / mu for potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 15 kg / mu for potassium sulfate. The fertilization plan strictly follows the standards set in this invention. Among them, the three key topdressings implemented after July 8 (on July 10, July 20, and July 30 respectively) are the core measures to ensure boll formation rate. The urea input for the three topdressings is 9.0 kg / mu, 9.0 kg / mu, and 5.0 kg / mu respectively, precisely matching the "heavy at the beginning and light at the end" nitrogen demand pattern of cotton during the flowering and boll formation stage.

[0074] In light of the high temperatures expected from July 15th to 31st of that year, water management was simultaneously strengthened: during this period, in addition to completing the daily drip irrigation according to the fertilization plan, supplementary irrigation was carried out every 1-2 days, with a single supplementary irrigation volume of 5-10 m³ / mu. All supplementary irrigation operations were carried out in the early morning or at night when the temperature was lower.

[0075] 3. Coordinated regulation of water and fertilizer and plant height

[0076] According to the preset target range for plant height, plant height was monitored using a laser rangefinder. The specific adjustment process was as follows: The plant heights monitored on May 25, June 4, and June 14 were 20cm, 35cm, and 42cm, respectively, all within the preset target range. Therefore, the water and fertilizer application rates were implemented according to the middle range. On July 4, the plant height was monitored at 68cm, slightly lower than the lower limit of the target (70cm). Subsequently, during the drip irrigation operations on July 10 and July 20, the drip irrigation and topdressing rates were adjusted to the upper limit of the quota, effectively promoting the vegetative growth of cotton. After July 14, the plant height stabilized in the ideal range of 80-85cm, ensuring the plant type conditions required for boll formation.

[0077] 4. Micronutrient supplementation

[0078] The micronutrient application scheme is as follows: spray the leaves with a 0.2% borax solution once each during the bud stage (June 15) and the initial flowering stage (June 30); spray the leaves with a 0.15% zinc sulfate solution once at the end of the full bloom stage (July 25); and spray the leaves with a 0.3-0.5% magnesium sulfate solution twice during the boll-forming stage (August 15). The interval between the two sprays is about 7 days, which effectively avoids the problem of bud and boll drop caused by micronutrient deficiency.

[0079] IV. Implementation Results

[0080] During the harvest period, a survey was conducted on the cotton field of Example 1, with surrounding cotton fields using conventional management methods serving as a control. The survey results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0081] Table 1 Comparison of cotton yield measurements between cotton fields and conventional fields in the exemplified case.

[0082] Based on the above survey results, it can be seen that the average proportion of effective branches in the cotton field in this embodiment reached 90.9%, achieving the core objective of the present invention of "average proportion of effective branches in cotton field ≥ 90%". At the same time, the yield of seed cotton per unit area was significantly increased by 18.4% compared with conventionally managed cotton fields, which fully verifies the significant effect of the planting method of the present invention in increasing the proportion of effective branches and increasing cotton yield per unit area.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] I. Example: Basic Information of Cotton Field

[0085] 1. Time and Location: To be carried out in 2025 in Binghu Village, Guangdong Township, Manas County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

[0086] 2. Tested varieties and area: The cotton variety tested was “Xin Nong Mian No. 2”, and the area covered was approximately 120 mu.

[0087] 3. Selection criteria for varieties: This variety has shown strong boll formation concentration and early maturity in regional trials, and its boll formation rate ranked in the top 17% in cotton stress resistance screening trials conducted in Turpan. It meets the core screening criteria for adaptable varieties of this invention and has excellent high-yield potential and stress resistance characteristics.

[0088] II. Basic Conditions of Cotton Fields (Example)

[0089] The plot has flat terrain and deep soil. Soil physicochemical indicators are as follows: organic matter content 12.8 g / kg, available nitrogen 68 mg / kg, available phosphorus 16.2 mg / kg, available potassium 145 mg / kg, pH 7.8, and total topsoil salinity 3.7‰. All indicators meet the soil condition requirements for high-yield cotton fields as specified in this invention. The plot is equipped with a complete drip irrigation system to ensure precise irrigation.

[0090] III. Planting and Field Management Measures

[0091] 1. Precision and quantitative management of water and fertilizer

[0092] Drip irrigation system configuration: Drip irrigation tape with a dripper flow rate of 1.38L / h is used throughout the process to ensure uniform and accurate irrigation.

[0093] Routine irrigation management: After the budding stage, drip irrigation is carried out a total of 9 times, and the normal irrigation cycle is stably controlled at 7 days, strictly following the irrigation plan set by this invention.

[0094] High-Temperature Stress Irrigation Regulation: During the four consecutive days of high temperatures ≥35℃ from July 20th to 23rd, the high-temperature supplementary irrigation mechanism established in this invention was immediately activated, with additional irrigation on July 21st and 22nd, at a rate of 7-8 m³ / mu. This measure effectively reduced the temperature of the cotton canopy and soil, significantly alleviating the problem of boll shedding caused by high-temperature stress.

[0095] Fertilizer management: The entire process is strictly carried out in accordance with the fertilization plan set by this invention to ensure that the nutrient supply is precisely matched with the cotton's growth needs.

[0096] 2. Synergistic regulation of water and fertilizer and plant height

[0097] According to the preset target range for plant height, plant height was measured using a drone-based lidar sensor, and soil moisture was monitored in real time using a time-domain reflectometer. The specific control process was as follows: On June 24, the plant height was monitored to be 58cm, close to the upper limit of the preset target range (60cm), indicating a risk of excessive plant growth. Subsequently, during two drip irrigation operations on June 28 and July 5, the drip irrigation rate was reduced to 25m³ / mu, and the urea application rate was implemented at the preset lower limit of 4.0kg / mu. Through the above control, the excessive plant growth trend was effectively controlled, the plant type became more compact, and the ventilation and light penetration conditions in the field were significantly improved, laying a good foundation for a high boll setting rate.

[0098] 3. Micronutrient supplementation

[0099] The micronutrient supplementation scheme set by this invention shall be implemented in accordance with the following specific measures: In addition to the conventional foliar spraying of micronutrient fertilizers such as boron, zinc and magnesium fertilizers during the budding and flowering stages, 0.8 kg / mu of borax shall be applied as basal fertilizer in conjunction with spring plowing; 0.1% manganese sulfate solution shall be sprayed on the leaves during the seedling stage (May 20) and the peak budding stage (June 25) to ensure a balanced supply of various micronutrients throughout the cotton's growth period and meet its physiological needs for high quality and high yield.

[0100] IV. Implementation Results

[0101] During the harvest period, a survey was conducted on the cotton field of Example 2, with surrounding cotton fields using conventional management methods serving as a control. The survey results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0102] Table 2 Comparison of cotton yield measurements between cotton fields and conventional fields in the exemplified case.

[0103] The survey results show that the average percentage of effective branches in the cotton field in this embodiment reached 91.4%, achieving the core objective of the present invention of "average percentage of effective branches in cotton field ≥90%"; at the same time, the yield of seed cotton per unit area was significantly increased by 16.7% compared with conventionally managed cotton fields, which fully verified the applicability and stability of the planting method of the present invention in different regions and different varieties, as well as its significant technical advantages in increasing the percentage of effective branches, reducing the impact of adversity, and increasing cotton yield per unit area.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] I. Example: Basic Information of Cotton Field

[0106] 1. Time and Location: To be carried out in 2025 in Chaichang Village, Baojiadian Town, Manas County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

[0107] 2. Tested varieties and area: The cotton variety tested was “Xinluzao 82”, and the area covered was approximately 350 mu.

[0108] 3. Selection criteria for varieties: This variety is an extra-early maturing machine-harvested cotton variety. In the variety selection test set by this invention, it showed excellent yield and growth stability, and the boll setting rate consistently ranked in the top 16%. It meets the core selection criteria for adaptable varieties of this invention and is suitable for local planting needs and machine harvesting conditions.

[0109] II. Basic Conditions of Cotton Fields (Example)

[0110] The results of the soil physicochemical index test are as follows: organic matter 13.8 g / kg, available phosphorus content 15.2 mg / kg. The soil conditions meet the basic requirements of this invention for high-yield cotton fields, and provide a good soil environment for cotton growth and nutrient absorption.

[0111] III. Planting and Field Management Measures

[0112] 1. Precision and quantitative management of water and fertilizer

[0113] Core management strategy: Focus on fertilizer and water management during the flowering and boll-forming stage, with a focus on strengthening phosphorus fertilizer supplementation to meet the phosphorus requirements of cotton growth during this period.

[0114] Fertilizer Management: Strictly implement the technical solution of "three consecutive topdressings after July 8th" as described in claim 1 of this invention. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for the second and third topdressings is both implemented at the preset upper limit of 7.0 kg / mu, with a total MAP input of 28 kg / mu throughout the entire growth period. This measure precisely ensures the cotton's high phosphorus requirement during the flowering and boll-forming stage, effectively promoting root development and boll formation, and laying a nutrient foundation for high yield.

[0115] Irrigation management: A total of 11 drip irrigations were carried out throughout the entire growth period, with the total irrigation volume controlled at 320 m³ / mu. The irrigation plan strictly followed the water management standards set by this invention.

[0116] 2. Synergistic regulation of water and fertilizer and plant height

[0117] According to the preset target range for plant height, a laser rangefinder was used to monitor plant height, and a time-domain reflectometer was used to measure the relative soil moisture content in real time to dynamically adjust the management strategy. The specific process is as follows: In the early stage (May 25 to June 14), the plant height growth rate was slow, consistently below the preset target range by about 2-3 cm. In response to this situation, a "water and fertilizer at the upper limit" control strategy was adopted in the three drip irrigation operations during the budding stage, that is, the drip irrigation volume was implemented at 30 m³ / mu, and the urea application rate was implemented at 4.0 kg / mu. Through the above targeted control, the vegetative growth of seedlings was effectively promoted, and the plant height reached 55 cm on June 24, entering the preset target range, thus building a good plant structure framework for high yield in the later stage.

[0118] 3. Micronutrient supplementation: Follow the micronutrient supplementation plan set by this invention to ensure that cotton has a balanced demand for micronutrients such as boron, zinc, and magnesium throughout its entire growth period, thus ensuring its normal physiological metabolism and reproductive growth.

[0119] IV. Implementation Results

[0120] During the harvest period, a survey was conducted on the cotton field of Example 3, with surrounding cotton fields using conventional management methods serving as a control. The survey results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0121] Table 3 Comparison of cotton yield measurements between cotton fields and conventional fields in the exemplified case.

[0122] The survey results show that the average percentage of effective branches in the cotton field in this embodiment is as high as 95.5%, exceeding the core objective of the present invention of "the lower limit of the average percentage of effective branches in the cotton field is 90%". At the same time, the yield of seed cotton per unit area is increased by 15.3% compared with conventionally managed cotton fields, further verifying the adaptability and efficiency of the planting method of the present invention under different soil fertility conditions, as well as its significant technical advantages in increasing the percentage of effective branches and tapping the potential for high cotton yield.

[0123] Example 4

[0124] I. Example: Basic Information of Cotton Field

[0125] 1. Time and Location: The demonstration project will be carried out in 2024 at the high-yield demonstration field of new varieties of agricultural science in Wushakterek Village, Harbak Township, Luntai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

[0126] Tested varieties and area: The cotton variety tested was "Xinluzhong 84", and the area covered was approximately 150 mu.

[0127] Variety selection criteria: This variety is an early-maturing machine-harvested cotton variety. In the variety selection test set by this invention, it showed excellent yield and growth stability, with the boll formation rate consistently in the top 7%. It meets the core selection criteria for adaptable varieties of this invention and is suitable for local climate conditions and machine harvesting operations.

[0128] II. Basic Conditions of Cotton Fields (Example)

[0129] The test plot showed significant salinization. Initial soil test results were as follows: total salt content 6.2‰, Cl... - With a content of 0.3%, the soil salinity in the root zone is stably controlled below 3.5‰ throughout the entire growth period of cotton. The improved soil conditions meet the basic requirements of this invention for high-yield cotton fields and provide a suitable soil environment for cotton growth.

[0130] III. Planting and Field Management Measures:

[0131] Irrigation Management: In response to the salinity stress of the plot, the drip irrigation quota during the budding and early flowering / boiling stages was appropriately increased, both implemented according to the preset upper limit values ​​of this invention (30 m³ / mu during the budding stage and 35 m³ / mu during the flowering / boiling stage). This measure not only achieved soil salinity suppression but also effectively promoted cotton root development and alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on plant growth.

[0132] Fertilizer management: Fertilizer application must strictly adhere to the formula standards set in this invention to avoid exacerbating soil salinity due to indiscriminate fertilization; simultaneously, the application rate of potassium sulfate will be increased to 18 kg / mu, utilizing K... + To Na + It has an antagonistic effect, significantly enhances the plant's salt tolerance, and ensures the normal growth and nutrient absorption of cotton in a significantly saline environment.

[0133] 2. Synergistic regulation of water and fertilizer and plant height

[0134] To achieve the goal of robust cotton growth under salinity stress, a collaborative management system for plant height and soil moisture was established: plant height was monitored using drone lidar sensors according to the preset target range; relative soil moisture content was measured in real time using a frequency domain reflectometer to dynamically monitor plant growth status and soil moisture conditions, ensuring that water and fertilizer management measures were precisely matched with the needs of growth under stress.

[0135] 3. Micronutrient supplementation: The micronutrient supplementation scheme set by this invention is implemented to accurately supply micronutrients such as boron, zinc, and magnesium, ensuring the normal physiological metabolism of cotton in a saline environment and providing support for a high boll formation rate.

[0136] IV. Implementation Results

[0137] During the harvest period, a survey was conducted on the cotton field of Example 4, with surrounding cotton fields using conventional management methods serving as a control. The survey results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0138] Table 4 Comparison of cotton yield measurements between cotton fields and conventional fields in the exemplified case.

[0139] The survey results show that, under the adverse conditions of significant salinization, the average percentage of effective branches in the cotton field of this embodiment still reached 92.3%, successfully achieving the core objective of this invention: "the average percentage of effective branches in cotton fields is ≥90%". At the same time, the yield of seed cotton per unit area increased by 13.0% compared with conventionally managed cotton fields, fully verifying the strong adaptability and stable high-yield characteristics of the planting method of this invention under adverse conditions such as saline soil, and further highlighting its technical advantages in improving cotton production efficiency in complex environments.

[0140] Summarizing the implementation effects of Examples 1-4 above, it can be fully demonstrated that the cotton planting method provided by this invention has significant technical adaptability and stable effects. Specifically, under various typical soil conditions in the core cotton-growing area of ​​Xinjiang, my country, the core objective of "average percentage of effective branches in cotton fields ≥90%" can be stably achieved. Among them, Example 3 has the highest percentage of effective branches, reaching 95.5%, fully verifying the strong adaptability of the technical solution of this invention to different soil environments. After applying the method of this invention, the yield of seed cotton in the four examples increased by an average of 15.9% compared with the surrounding conventionally managed cotton fields (Example 1 increased by 18.4%, Example 2 by 16.7%, Example 3 by 18.4%). Example 3 showed a 15.3% increase in yield, and Example 4 showed a 13.0% increase, significantly improving cotton production efficiency and effectively tapping into the boll-forming potential and high-yield potential of cotton fields. Through the synergistic integration of multiple technical elements, it precisely solved the core technical bottlenecks commonly found in high-yield cotton fields in Xinjiang—namely, the problem of insufficient release of boll-forming potential caused by extensive water and fertilizer management (excessive fertilization, uneven irrigation), isolated technical links (lack of plant height and water and fertilizer synergy), and insufficient basic conditions (soil degradation, salinization). It fundamentally reduced the rate of empty fruit branches (only 0.2~1.0 ineffective branches per plant in Example 4) and the rate of bud and boll shedding, thus constructing a stable technical path for high cotton yield.

[0141] In summary, the present invention has a clear technical route, well-defined indicators, and strong operability. It is suitable for large-scale promotion in the oasis cotton-growing areas of Xinjiang and can provide key technical support for improving cotton production efficiency and high-quality development of the industry. It has extremely high agricultural application value and industrialization prospects.

[0142] For the preferred embodiments of the present invention described above, common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics in the technical solutions are not described in detail; each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and the technical features involved in each embodiment can be combined with each other without conflicting with each other. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0143] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above embodiments can be improved and modified in various ways without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cotton planting method for stably achieving a high percentage of effective branches in Xinjiang cotton fields, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1. Select suitable varieties: Randomly select more than 10 cotton varieties that have been widely planted in production to form an experimental group, and conduct a comparative test on resistance to high temperature and drought in the local natural environment of Turpan City, Xinjiang, to select the varieties with the top 20% boll formation rate. Step 2. Cotton sowing: Sow the selected cotton varieties in cotton fields that meet the basic conditions; Step 3. Precise and quantitative management of water and fertilizer: After the cotton budding stage, including normal sowing and emergence, conventional drip irrigation is carried out 8-12 times; drip irrigation from the end of May to the beginning of June of the same year, ending from August 25 to September 5 of the same year, with the irrigation cycle from the first drip irrigation to the last conventional drip irrigation controlled within 6-9 days throughout the entire growth period; conventional drip irrigation operations should be avoided during the midday high temperature period when the highest temperature of the day is ≥35℃; the quota for the first conventional drip irrigation is 30-40 m³ / mu, and the quota for each subsequent conventional drip irrigation during the budding stage is 25-30 m³ / mu; from the flowering and boll opening stage, except for the last conventional drip irrigation quota of ≥45 m³ / mu, the quota for each subsequent drip irrigation is 25-35 m³ / mu; the relative moisture content of the topsoil in the cotton field is monitored in real time throughout the entire growth period and controlled within the preset lower limit of moisture content index; drip irrigation uses inlaid patch drip irrigation tape, and the dripper flow rate is controlled within the range of 1.38-2.0 L / h; Step 4. Micronutrient supplementation: Apply micronutrients boron, zinc, manganese and magnesium to the cotton plants.

2. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the basic conditions for the cotton field are as follows: the terrain is flat and the effective soil layer thickness is ≥1m; the soil nutrient indicators need to reach organic matter ≥11.0g / kg, available nitrogen ≥65mg / kg, available phosphorus ≥15mg / kg, available potassium ≥140mg / kg, and the pH value is stable at 7~8; the total salt content of the topsoil is ≤7.5‰, of which the content of soluble salts, mainly chloride, is ≤0.4% and the content of soluble salts, mainly sulfate, is ≤0.5%; and the field is equipped with matching drip irrigation facilities.

3. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, drip irrigation under film is used for planting: before cotton sowing, the straw in the field is crushed and returned to the field evenly, without pre-sowing irrigation to conserve moisture, and irrigation is started immediately after sowing.

4. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the lower limit of moisture content is: June 16 to June 30: 50%~65%; July 1st to July 14th: 55%~65%; July 15 to August 10: 60%~70%; August 11 to August 25: 50%~65%; August 26 to September 10: 35%~55%.

5. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, fertilizer is applied with the irrigation water during each routine drip irrigation operation, wherein: For routine drip irrigation during the budding stage: apply 2.5-4.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate each time. During the flowering and boll-forming stage, routine drip irrigation is recommended. Topdressing should begin after July 8th. The first topdressing should consist of 7.5-10.5 kg / mu of urea, 2.5-3.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5-2.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The second topdressing should consist of 7.5-10.5 kg / mu of urea, 4.5-7.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3.0-4.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The third topdressing should consist of 4.0-6.0 kg / mu of urea and 4.5-7.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate. 0.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3.0-4.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The last top dressing is 1.0-2.0 kg / mu of urea, 1.5-2.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5-1.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. During the flowering and boll-forming stage, each subsequent top dressing is 4.0-6.0 kg / mu of urea, 2.0-3.0 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.0-2.0 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The total amount of fertilizer applied with irrigation water throughout the entire growth period is: 55-65 kg / mu of urea, 20-30 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10-20 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

6. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3 also includes the coordinated regulation of water and fertilizer and plant height: preset the target range of plant height for different stages and the corresponding water and fertilizer application rates, including irrigation quotas and topdressing standards; monitor or predict cotton plant height in real time and compare it with the target range of plant height to adjust the water and fertilizer application rates. When the target plant height is exceeded, the drip irrigation amount should be the lower limit of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount should be the lower limit of the topdressing amount standard for the corresponding stage. When the target plant height is not reached, the drip irrigation amount should be the upper limit of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount should be the upper limit of the topdressing amount standard for the corresponding stage. When the plant height is within the target range, the drip irrigation amount should be the median of the irrigation quota for the corresponding stage, and the topdressing amount should be the median of the topdressing amount standard for the corresponding stage.

7. The cotton planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 3, the target range for plant height in a cotton field with one film covering six rows and a film width of 205cm is set as follows: May 25: 18~25cm; June 4: 28~40cm; June 14: 40~45cm; June 24: 50~60cm; July 4: 65~72cm; July 14 to August 24: 78~89cm.

8. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3 also includes supplementary irrigation under high temperature adverse conditions: when there is extreme weather with a daily maximum temperature of ≥35℃ for more than 3 consecutive days and no regular drip irrigation is carried out on that day, supplementary irrigation shall be carried out once every 1 to 2 days, with a single supplementary irrigation amount of 5 to 10 m³ / mu. The supplementary irrigation operation must be carried out during the period when the temperature is lower on that day.

9. The cotton planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4: To supplement boron in cotton fields, use any one or a combination of the following two methods: apply borax as a base fertilizer to cotton fields every 2-3 years, with a single application rate of 0.5-1.0 kg / mu; spray the leaves with a 0.2% borax solution once each during the budding, initial flowering, and boll-forming stages of the growing season. Supplementing cotton fields with manganese: Apply a 0.1% manganese sulfate solution to the leaves once during the cotton seedling stage and once during the peak budding stage. To supplement zinc in cotton fields, one of the following two methods can be used: During the budding to boll-forming stage, spray the leaves with a 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution 1 to 2 times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between the two sprays; or during the budding stage, apply 0.4 to 0.5 kg / mu of zinc sulfate with drip irrigation. To supplement magnesium in cotton fields: During the flowering and boll-forming stage, spray the leaves with a 0.3% to 0.5% magnesium sulfate solution 2 to 3 times, with an interval of about 7 days between sprays.

10. The cotton planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Precise measurement methods are used to monitor field indicators, including: cotton plant height is measured using laser rangefinders or drone lidar sensors, and soil moisture in cotton fields is monitored in real time using frequency domain reflectometers or time domain reflectometers.

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