Electronic stethoscope and thermostatic control system thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of medical diagnostic equipment, and more particularly to an electronic stethoscope and a constant temperature control system thereof, specifically comprising a main controller, a state acquisition module, a power dynamic adjustment module, a multi-partition temperature control module, a partition cooperative temperature control module and a backend early warning module; the present application determines the effective contact state of the auscultation head through contact sensing signals, switches the standby preheating mode and the working constant temperature mode correspondingly, realizes the reasonable distribution of energy, reduces the overall energy consumption of the equipment, simultaneously adjusts the power of each partition through multi-partition independent closed-loop power regulation, realizes real-time sampling and targeted regulation and control of the temperature of each partition, avoids the problems of over-regulation or under-temperature, continuously collects the contact sensing signals, realizes intelligent switching of the mode, and matches the differentiated initial heating power Pi of each partition under the normal temperature / low temperature environment, takes into account the needs of preventing overheating in the normal temperature zone and rapid heating in the low temperature zone, and each partition can perform heating operation according to its initial power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical diagnostic equipment technology, and in particular to an electronic stethoscope and its constant temperature control system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional stethoscopes often use metal probes. In clinical diagnosis and routine health checks, the temperature of the metal probe often differs significantly from the body surface temperature. This is especially true in cold environments such as autumn and winter, and in air-conditioned treatment rooms where the temperature is below normal. When the probe comes into contact with the skin, it can produce a strong, cold sensation. This can cause discomfort to the patient, easily triggering physical aversion in children, the elderly, and people with sensitive constitutions. It can also cause the patient to unconsciously contract their body, interfering with the smooth progress of the auscultation procedure and even affecting the accuracy of the auscultation results.

[0003] To address this issue, some electronic stethoscopes have added simple preheating structures, but their temperature control designs have many flaws: most use a single heating module to heat the stethoscope head as a whole, which cannot achieve precise temperature control and is prone to local overheating or underheating. The uneven temperature distribution on the contact side of the stethoscope head still affects the user experience, and the heating power is mostly a fixed value without dynamic adaptation to changes in ambient temperature. Furthermore, some electronic stethoscopes with temperature control functions have low temperature control accuracy and large temperature fluctuation range, making it difficult to maintain a constant temperature state that matches the human body surface. In addition, they lack power monitoring and abnormal warning mechanisms, so they cannot detect power output deviations in the heating module in time, which can easily lead to temperature control failure and affect the reliability of the equipment.

[0004] In summary, traditional heating and temperature control solutions for electronic stethoscopes have shortcomings in terms of temperature control accuracy, temperature uniformity, scene adaptability, energy saving, and reliability. There is an urgent need to design a system that can achieve precise, uniform, and intelligent constant temperature control to improve the user experience of electronic stethoscopes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the technical problems of traditional electronic stethoscope heating and temperature control solutions, such as low temperature control accuracy, uneven temperature distribution, poor power adaptability, high energy consumption, and insufficient equipment reliability. It provides a constant temperature control system for electronic stethoscopes, with the core objective of achieving precise, uniform, and intelligent constant temperature control of the stethoscope head, while also taking into account energy saving and equipment stability.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: an electronic stethoscope, comprising a flat stethoscope probe, wherein a long tube is fixedly inserted inside the flat stethoscope probe, a three-way tube is fixedly connected to the end of the long tube away from the flat stethoscope probe, earrings are fixedly connected to both ends of the three-way tube, and earplugs are fixedly connected to the ends of the two earrings away from each other. The present invention also proposes a constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope, including a main controller, a status acquisition module, a power dynamic adjustment module, a multi-zone temperature control module, a zone collaborative temperature control module, and a back-end early warning module; The status acquisition module is used to acquire the contact sensing signal S of the flat stethoscope probe in real time, compare S with the contact sensing threshold S0 to determine the contact status, and switch the standby preheating mode or the working constant temperature mode accordingly. When in constant temperature mode, the power dynamic adjustment module is used to divide the ambient temperature zone or low temperature zone according to the ambient temperature Ta, match the differentiated initial heating power Pi_initial, and then perform corresponding operations based on the comparison result of the actual output power Pi_actual and Pi_initial. The multi-zone temperature control module collects the temperature Ti of each zone in real time according to the sampling period F, compares Ti with the target constant temperature value T0, and combines the temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT to independently adjust the heating power of each zone, so that the temperature of each zone is always maintained within the range of [T0-ΔT, T0+ΔT]. When maintaining the constant temperature mode, the zoned collaborative temperature control module is used to calculate the temperature extreme difference between zones, determine whether to start collaborative adjustment, further divide the high temperature zone and the low temperature zone, and output the correction power PG of the high temperature zone and the correction power PD of the low temperature zone.

[0007] Preferably, the analysis process of the status acquisition module is as follows: Load preset reference thresholds: target constant temperature value T0, temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT, ambient temperature threshold T1, basic preheating power P0, and contact sensing threshold S0; The contact sensing signal S of the flat auscultation probe is collected in real time. The contact sensing signal S is compared with the contact sensing threshold S0. If the contact sensing signal S < the contact sensing threshold S0, the standby preheating mode is entered. The main controller controls the multi-zone heating and performs low-power preheating with the basic preheating power P0 to maintain the temperature Ti of each zone of the flat auscultation probe within the preset standby temperature range, i = 1, 2, 3...n, where n is the number of contact surface zones of the flat auscultation probe, and n ≥ 3. If the contact sensing signal S ≥ the contact sensing threshold S0, then switch to the constant temperature working mode.

[0008] Preferably, the analysis process of the power dynamic adjustment module is as follows: Based on the collected ambient temperature Ta, the environment is divided into a normal temperature zone and a low temperature zone. The normal temperature zone is defined as an ambient temperature Ta ≥ the ambient temperature threshold T1, and the low temperature zone is defined as an ambient temperature Ta < the ambient temperature threshold T1. An initial heating power Pi is then matched to the multi-zone heating of the flat auscultation probe. If it is a normal temperature zone, then the initial heating power Pi_initial = preset basic heating power × [1 - (target constant temperature value T0 - ambient temperature Ta) / target constant temperature value T0]; If it is a low temperature zone: then the initial heating power Pi_initial = preset basic heating power × [1 + (ambient temperature threshold T1 - ambient temperature Ta) / ambient temperature threshold T1].

[0009] Preferably, based on the initial heating power Piinitial, power commands are sent to each zone for heating according to the normal temperature zone or the low temperature zone, and the actual output power Piactual of each zone for heating is collected synchronously with a sampling period F. Set a power deviation threshold ΔP, compare the initial heating power Pi_initial with the actual output power Pi_actual, if |Pi_actual - Pi_initial| ≤ ΔP, and the standard is met for 3 consecutive sampling cycles, then the initial heating power standard is determined to be met. If |Piactual - Piinitial| > ΔP, it is determined that the standard has not been met, triggering a power anomaly alarm signal. The backend early warning module responds to the power anomaly alarm signal and immediately issues a "power anomaly" warning.

[0010] Preferably, the analysis process of the multi-zone temperature control module is as follows: The temperature Ti of each zone is collected by a multi-point temperature sensor at a sampling period F. The temperature Ti of each zone is analyzed: if Ti < T0 - ΔT, the preset boost ratio is retrieved, and heating is performed based on the preset boost ratio × the current power until Ti ≥ T0 - ΔT. If T0-ΔT≤Ti≤T0+ΔT, then maintain constant temperature at the current power. If Ti > T0 + ΔT, then reduce the heating power of the corresponding zone to 0 and stop heating until Ti ≤ T0 + ΔT, then restore constant temperature maintenance.

[0011] Preferably, when in constant temperature mode, the contact sensing signal S is continuously collected to determine the contact status in real time: if the contact sensing signal S ≥ the contact sensing threshold S0, the constant temperature mode is maintained; if the contact sensing signal S < the contact sensing threshold S0 and the duration ≥ the preset duration, the heating power of each zone is immediately reduced to the basic preheating power P0, and the system switches back to standby preheating mode.

[0012] Preferably, the analysis process of the zoned collaborative temperature control module is as follows: The current temperature Ti of all zones is collected synchronously according to the sampling period F. The extreme temperature difference between zones is calculated. The extreme temperature difference between zones ΔTimax = the highest temperature Tihigh among all zones - the lowest temperature Tilow. The extreme temperature difference ΔTimax between zones is processed to determine whether to maintain independent regulation for each zone or initiate coordinated regulation. The specific process of coordinated regulation is as follows: Set the zone with current temperature Ti = Ti high as the high temperature zone, and set the zone with current temperature Ti = Ti low as the low temperature zone, and set the maximum cooperative power adjustment range ΔP_co. High-temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current high-temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power PG based on the output power - (zone temperature extreme difference ΔTimax / preset zone temperature extreme difference) × ΔP. The corrected power PG ≥ 0, and at the same time, the temperature Ti ≥ T0 - ΔT after the high-temperature zone is cooled down. Low temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current low temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power PD based on the output power + (zone temperature extreme difference ΔTimax / preset zone temperature extreme difference) × ΔP. The corrected power PD ≤ the preset maximum allowable power of the zone, and at the same time, the temperature Ti after the low temperature zone is heated up ≤ T0 + ΔT. Correction power PG and correction power PD are issued to the high temperature / low temperature partition to adjust the power of the high temperature / low temperature partition. The change of Ti in each partition after the coordinated adjustment is recorded, and the new ΔTimax is calculated. If the new ΔTimax is less than or equal to the preset temperature extreme difference of the partition, the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained and the iteration is terminated. If the new ΔTimax is still greater than the preset temperature extreme difference of the partition, the correction power acquisition of the high temperature partition and the low temperature partition is repeated until the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained. If the number of iterations exceeds the preset number of iterations, a partition alarm signal is generated.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention determines the effective contact state of the stethoscope head through contact sensing signals, and switches between standby preheating mode and working constant temperature mode accordingly to achieve reasonable energy allocation, reduce the overall energy consumption of the device, and match different initial heating power calculation methods for different environments to achieve rapid constant temperature and adapt to the temperature control requirements of different usage scenarios. At the same time, through multi-zone independent closed-loop power adjustment, the temperature of each zone is sampled in real time and targeted to ensure that there is no local temperature difference on the human contact side of the stethoscope head, and the temperature is always maintained within the small fluctuation range of the target constant temperature value, avoiding overshoot or under-temperature problems.

[0014] This invention also continuously collects contact sensing signals to achieve intelligent and automatic mode switching, ensuring rapid temperature control during use and further avoiding energy waste during non-use. At the same time, it matches different initial heating power Pi to each zone under normal / low temperature environments, taking into account the needs of overheating prevention in the normal temperature zone and rapid temperature rise in the low temperature zone. Moreover, each zone can perform heating operation according to its own initial power. Multiple zones work together to complete the rapid temperature rise and power adaptation of the stethoscope head as a whole, improving the temperature control response efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a reference diagram for the pattern analysis of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a reference diagram of the power dynamic adjustment module.

[0016] Illustrations: 1. Flat auscultation probe; 2. Long catheter; 3. Three-way tube; 4. Earring; 5. Earplug. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments; Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention is an electronic stethoscope, including a flat stethoscope probe 1, a long tube 2 fixedly inserted inside the flat stethoscope probe 1, a three-way tube 3 fixedly connected to one end of the long tube 2 away from the flat stethoscope probe 1, earrings 4 fixedly connected to both ends of the three-way tube 3, and earplugs 5 fixedly connected to the ends of the two earrings 4 away from the 3. The present invention also proposes a constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope, including a main controller, a status acquisition module, a power dynamic adjustment module, a multi-zone temperature control module, a zone collaborative temperature control module, and a back-end early warning module. The main controller and the status acquisition module are bidirectionally connected, the main controller and the power dynamic adjustment module are unidirectionally connected, the main controller and the zone collaborative temperature control module are unidirectionally connected, the power dynamic adjustment module and the multi-zone temperature control module are unidirectionally connected, and both the power dynamic adjustment module and the zone collaborative temperature control module are unidirectionally connected to the back-end early warning module. The status acquisition module is used to acquire the contact sensing signal S of the flat stethoscope probe 1 in real time, compare S with the contact sensing threshold S0 to determine the contact status, and switch between standby preheating mode and working constant temperature mode accordingly. Specifically, it includes: Load preset reference thresholds: target constant temperature value T0, temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT, ambient temperature threshold T1, basic preheating power P0, and contact sensing threshold S0. For example: target constant temperature value T0: 36.0-37.0℃, matching the human body surface temperature, which can be finely adjusted through the electronic stethoscope operating terminal; temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT: 0.3℃, temperature control accuracy threshold, to avoid temperature overshoot / undershoot; ambient temperature threshold T1: 25℃, the critical value for dividing the normal temperature / low temperature environment; contact sensing threshold S0: preset pressure / capacitance threshold, the critical value for determining the effective contact between the stethoscope head and human skin; basic preheating power for multi-zone heating: the initial power calibrated according to the stethoscope head material and volume. The contact sensing signal S of the flat stethoscope probe 1 is collected in real time. The contact sensing signal S is compared with the contact sensing threshold S0. If the contact sensing signal S < the contact sensing threshold S0, it is determined that the flat stethoscope probe 1 is not in effective contact with human skin. The system enters the standby preheating mode. The main controller controls the multi-zone heating and performs low-power preheating with the basic preheating power P0 to maintain the temperature Ti of each zone of the flat stethoscope probe 1 within the preset standby temperature range, so as to avoid continuous high power consumption when not in use. i = 1, 2, 3...n, where n is the number of contact surface zones of the flat stethoscope probe 1, and n≥3. If the contact sensing signal S ≥ the contact sensing threshold S0, it is determined that the flat stethoscope probe 1 is in effective contact with the human skin, and it immediately switches to the constant temperature working mode. The main controller starts the dynamic power adjustment operation according to the ambient temperature Ta and the current temperature Ti of each zone. When operating in constant temperature mode, the power dynamic adjustment module is used to divide the ambient temperature zone (Ta) into normal temperature zone or low temperature zone, match a differentiated initial heating power Piinitial, and then perform subsequent operations based on the comparison result between the actual output power Piactual and Piinitial, specifically including: According to the collected ambient temperature Ta, the environment is divided into a normal temperature area and a low temperature area. The normal temperature area indicates that the ambient temperature Ta ≥ the ambient temperature threshold T1, and the low temperature area indicates that the ambient temperature Ta < the ambient temperature threshold T1. And a differentiated initial heating power Pi_initial is matched for the multi-zone heating of the flat auscultation probe 1: If it is the normal temperature area, then the initial heating power Pi_initial = the preset basic heating power × [1 - (the target constant temperature value T0 - the ambient temperature Ta) / the target constant temperature value T0], and the initial heating power is reduced according to the difference between the ambient temperature and the target constant temperature value to avoid overheating at normal temperature; If it is the low temperature area: then the initial heating power Pi_initial = the preset basic heating power × [1 + (the ambient temperature threshold T1 - the ambient temperature Ta) / the ambient temperature threshold T1], and the initial heating power is increased according to the difference between the ambient temperature and the ambient temperature threshold to shorten the heating-up time at low temperature and achieve rapid constant temperature; Based on the initial heating power Pi_initial, power commands are sent to each zone for heating according to the normal temperature area or the low temperature area, and the actual output power Pi_actual of each zone for heating is synchronously collected with the sampling period F; A power deviation threshold ΔP is set, and the initial heating power Pi_initial is compared with the actual output power Pi_actual. If |Pi_actual - Pi_initial| ≤ ΔP and it meets the standard for 3 consecutive sampling periods, it is determined that the initial heating power standard is reached and the subsequent multi-zone temperature control adjustment is entered; If |Pi_actual - Pi_initial| > ΔP, it is determined that the standard is not met, and a power abnormality alarm signal is triggered; The back-end warning module is used to respond to the power abnormality alarm signal and immediately perform the preset warning operation corresponding to the power abnormality alarm signal, that is, issue "power abnormality" to facilitate the timely operation and maintenance of the flat auscultation probe 1 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the output power.

[0019] Embodiment 2: The multi-zone temperature control module collects the temperature Ti of each zone in real time according to the sampling period F (such as 100 - 200 ms), compares Ti with the target constant temperature value T0, and combines the temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT to perform independent closed-loop power adjustment on the heating of each zone, so that the temperature of each zone is always maintained within the interval [T0 - ΔT, T0 + ΔT]. The specific independent closed-loop power adjustment process is as follows: The temperature Ti of each zone is collected by a multi-point temperature sensor according to the sampling period F, and the temperature Ti of the zone is analyzed: If Ti < T0 - ΔT, then the preset increase ratio is retrieved, and heating is performed based on the preset increase ratio × the current power until Ti ≥ T0 - ΔT; If T0 - ΔT ≤ Ti ≤ T0 + ΔT, then the temperature is maintained at a constant temperature with the current power to maintain temperature stability; If Ti>T0+ΔT, then reduce the heating power of the corresponding zone to 0 and stop heating until Ti≤T0+ΔT, then restore constant temperature maintenance. Each zone of heating is independently adjustable and does not interfere with each other, ensuring a uniform temperature distribution on the side of the stethoscope head that contacts the human body, with no local temperature differences. When in constant temperature operating mode, the contact sensing signal S is continuously collected to determine the contact status in real time. If the contact sensing signal S ≥ the contact sensing threshold S0, the multi-zone closed-loop precise temperature control adjustment will continue to be executed to maintain the constant temperature working mode. If the contact sensing signal S < the contact sensing threshold S0 and the duration is greater than or equal to the preset duration, the heating power of each zone will be immediately reduced to the basic preheating power P0, and the system will switch back to the standby preheating mode to avoid energy waste when not in use. When maintaining constant temperature operation, the zoned collaborative temperature control module calculates the extreme temperature difference between zones, determines whether to activate collaborative adjustment, further divides the zone into high-temperature and low-temperature zones, and outputs the correction power PG for the high-temperature zone and the correction power PD for the low-temperature zone, specifically including: The current temperature Ti of all zones is collected synchronously according to the sampling period F. The extreme temperature difference between zones is calculated. The extreme temperature difference between zones ΔTimax = the highest temperature Tihigh among all zones - the lowest temperature Tilow. The extreme temperature difference ΔTimax between zones is judged. If the extreme temperature difference ΔTimax between zones is less than the preset extreme temperature difference between zones, each zone is kept under independent adjustment and no intervention is performed. If the extreme temperature difference between zones ΔTimax is greater than or equal to the preset extreme temperature difference between zones, and the duration of the state is greater than or equal to the preset duration, then collaborative regulation is initiated. The specific process of coordinated regulation is as follows: Set the zone with current temperature Ti = Ti higher as the high temperature zone, and set the zone with current temperature Ti = Ti lower as the low temperature zone; Set the maximum collaborative power adjustment range ΔPcollision, where ΔPcollision ≤ 15% of the current partition power to avoid excessive intervention; High temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current high temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power PG based on the output power - (zone temperature extreme difference ΔTimax / preset zone temperature extreme difference) × ΔP. The corrected power PG ≥ 0, and at the same time, the temperature Ti after the high temperature zone is cooled down is ≥ T0 - ΔT, that is, not lower than the original temperature control lower limit. Low temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current low temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power PD based on the output power + (zone temperature extreme difference ΔTimax / preset zone temperature extreme difference) × ΔP. The corrected power PD ≤ the preset maximum allowable power of the zone, and at the same time, the temperature Ti after the low temperature zone is heated up ≤ T0 + ΔT, that is, it does not exceed the original temperature control upper limit. Correction power PG and correction power PD are issued to the high temperature / low temperature partition to adjust the power of the high temperature / low temperature partition. The change of Ti in each partition after the coordinated adjustment is recorded, and the new ΔTimax is calculated. If the new ΔTimax ≤ the preset partition temperature extreme value difference, the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained and the iteration is terminated. If the new ΔTimax is still > the preset partition temperature extreme value difference, the correction power acquisition of the high temperature partition and the low temperature partition is repeated until the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained. If the number of iterations exceeds the preset number of iterations, a partition alarm signal is generated. The backend early warning module is used to respond to the partition alarm signal and immediately perform the preset early warning operation corresponding to the partition alarm signal, that is, to issue an audible and visual alarm: flashing red light and "abnormal" voice, so as to stop the use of the flat stethoscope probe 1 in time, avoid the harm to personnel caused by excessively high or low temperature, and improve the safety of using the flat stethoscope probe 1. In summary, the system determines the effective contact state of the stethoscope head through contact sensing signals, correspondingly switching between standby preheating mode and constant temperature operating mode. It provides precise energy supply as needed, achieving rational energy allocation and reducing overall equipment energy consumption. Furthermore, it employs differentiated initial heating power calculation methods for different environments. In the normal temperature zone, power is reduced based on the difference between the ambient temperature and the target value, effectively preventing overheating at normal temperatures. In the low temperature zone, power is increased based on the difference between the ambient temperature and the critical value, significantly shortening the heating time in low-temperature environments and achieving rapid temperature control. This adapts to the temperature control requirements of different usage scenarios. Simultaneously, through multi-zone independent closed-loop power adjustment, the temperature of each zone is sampled in real time and targeted for control. Thermal interference-free operation ensures no localized temperature differences on the stethoscope head's contact side with the human body, maintaining the temperature within a small fluctuation range of the target constant temperature value. This achieves high-precision constant temperature control, avoiding overshoot or under-temperature issues. Continuous acquisition of contact sensing signals enables intelligent and automatic mode switching, guaranteeing rapid temperature control during use while further preventing energy waste during non-use. Furthermore, it matches different initial heating power Pi to each zone for both normal and low-temperature environments, balancing overheating prevention in the normal temperature zone and rapid temperature rise in the low-temperature zone. Each zone can perform heating operations based on its own initial power, with multiple zones working together to achieve rapid overall temperature rise and power adaptation of the stethoscope head, improving temperature control response efficiency.

[0020] The threshold is set for comparative analysis of results to determine whether they are good or bad. The value of the threshold is determined by a combination of large-scale model analysis of sample data and human experience. It can also be adjusted appropriately based on seasonal or common-sense influencing factors. The size of the coefficient is a specific value obtained by quantifying each parameter to facilitate subsequent comparison. The size of the coefficient depends on the amount of sample data and the corresponding operating coefficient initially set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantified value.

[0021] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic stethoscope, comprising a flat stethoscope probe (1), characterized in that, The flat auscultation probe (1) has a long tube (2) fixedly inserted inside. The end of the long tube (2) away from the flat auscultation probe (1) is fixedly connected to a three-way tube (3). Both ends of the three-way tube (3) are fixedly connected to earrings (4). The ends of the two earrings (4) away from (3) are fixedly connected to earplugs (5).

2. A constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope, applied to an electronic stethoscope as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a main controller, a status acquisition module, a power dynamic adjustment module, a multi-zone temperature control module, a zone collaborative temperature control module, and a back-end early warning module; The status acquisition module is used to acquire the contact sensing signal S of the flat auscultation probe (1) in real time, compare S with the contact sensing threshold S0 to determine the contact status, and switch the standby preheating mode or the working constant temperature mode accordingly. When in constant temperature mode, the power dynamic adjustment module is used to divide the ambient temperature zone or low temperature zone according to the ambient temperature Ta, match the differentiated initial heating power Pi_initial, and then perform corresponding operations based on the comparison result of the actual output power Pi_actual and Pi_initial. The multi-zone temperature control module collects the temperature Ti of each zone in real time according to the sampling period F, compares Ti with the target constant temperature value T0, and combines the temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT to independently adjust the heating power of each zone, so that the temperature of each zone is always maintained within the range of [T0-ΔT, T0+ΔT]. When maintaining the constant temperature mode, the zoned collaborative temperature control module is used to calculate the temperature extreme difference between zones, determine whether to start collaborative adjustment, further divide the high temperature zone and the low temperature zone, and output the correction power PG of the high temperature zone and the correction power PD of the low temperature zone.

3. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The analysis process of the status acquisition module is as follows: Load preset reference thresholds: target constant temperature value T0, temperature fluctuation threshold ΔT, ambient temperature threshold T1, basic preheating power P0, and contact sensing threshold S0; The contact sensing signal S of the flat auscultation probe (1) is collected in real time. The contact sensing signal S is compared with the contact sensing threshold S0. If the contact sensing signal S < the contact sensing threshold S0, the standby preheating mode is entered. The main controller controls the multi-zone heating and performs low-power preheating with the basic preheating power P0 to maintain the temperature Ti of each zone of the flat auscultation probe (1) in the preset standby temperature range, i = 1, 2, 3...n, where n is the number of contact surface zones of the flat auscultation probe (1), and n ≥ 3. If the contact sensing signal S ≥ the contact sensing threshold S0, then switch to the constant temperature working mode.

4. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The analysis process of the power dynamic adjustment module is as follows: Based on the collected ambient temperature Ta, the environment is divided into a normal temperature zone and a low temperature zone. The normal temperature zone indicates that the ambient temperature Ta ≥ the ambient temperature threshold T1, and the low temperature zone indicates that the ambient temperature Ta < the ambient temperature threshold T1. The initial heating power Pi is matched for the multi-zone heating of the flat auscultation probe (1). If it is a normal temperature zone, then the initial heating power Pi_initial = preset basic heating power × [1 - (target constant temperature value T0 - ambient temperature Ta) / target constant temperature value T0]; If it is a low temperature zone: then the initial heating power Pi_initial = preset basic heating power × [1 + (ambient temperature threshold T1 - ambient temperature Ta) / ambient temperature threshold T1].

5. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the initial heating power \(P_{i_{initial}}\), power commands are sent to each heating zone according to the normal-temperature zone or low-temperature zone, and the actual output power \(P_{i_{actual}}\) of each heating zone is synchronously collected with the sampling period \(F\). Set the power deviation threshold \(\Delta P\). Compare the initial heating power \(P_{i_{initial}}\) with the actual output power \(P_{i_{actual}}\). If \(|P_{i_{actual}} - P_{i_{initial}}|\leq\Delta P\) and it meets the standard for 3 consecutive sampling periods, it is determined that the initial heating power standard is reached. If \(|P_{i_{actual}} - P_{i_{initial}}|>\Delta P\), it is determined that the standard is not met, and a power abnormality alarm signal is triggered. The backend early warning module is used to respond to the power abnormality alarm signal and immediately issue a "power abnormality" warning.

6. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 3, characterized in that, The analysis process of the multi-zone temperature control module is as follows: Collect the temperature \(T_{i}\) of each zone through the multi-point temperature sensor with the sampling period \(F\), and analyze the zone temperature \(T_{i}\): If \(T_{i}<T_{0}-\Delta T\), retrieve the preset increase ratio, and heat based on the preset increase ratio \(\times\) the current power until \(T_{i}\geq T_{0}-\Delta T\). If \(T_{0}-\Delta T\leq T_{i}\leq T_{0}+\Delta T\), maintain at the current power. If \(T_{i}>T_{0}+\Delta T\), reduce the power of the corresponding zone heating to 0, stop heating, and resume maintaining at a constant temperature until \(T_{i}\leq T_{0}+\Delta T\).

7. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 6, characterized in that, When in the working constant-temperature mode, continuously collect the contact induction signal \(S\) and determine the contact state in real time: If the contact induction signal \(S\geq\) the contact induction threshold \(S_{0}\) is maintained, maintain the working constant-temperature mode; if the contact induction signal \(S < S_{0}\) and the duration \(\geq\) the preset duration, immediately control the power of each zone heating to be reduced to the basic preheating power \(P_{0}\), and switch back to the standby preheating mode.

8. The constant temperature control system for an electronic stethoscope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The analysis process of the zone collaborative temperature control module is as follows: Collect the current temperature \(T_{i}\) of all zones synchronously with the sampling period \(F\), calculate the extreme difference of the zone temperature. The extreme difference of the zone temperature \(\Delta T_{imax}=\) the highest temperature \(T_{i_{high}}\) - the lowest temperature \(T_{i_{low}}\) among all zones. Perform discriminant processing on the extreme difference of the zone temperature \(\Delta T_{imax}\) to obtain whether to maintain independent adjustment of each zone or start collaborative adjustment. The specific process of collaborative adjustment is as follows: Set the zone with the current temperature \(T_{i}=T_{i_{high}}\) as the high-temperature zone, set the zone with the current temperature \(T_{i}=T_{i_{low}}\) as the low-temperature zone, and set the maximum collaborative power adjustment range \(\Delta P_{coordination}\). High-temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current high-temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power \(P_{G}\) based on the output power - (\(\Delta T_{imax} / \) the preset zone temperature extreme difference) \(\times\Delta P_{coordination}\), and the corrected power \(P_{G}\geq0\), and at the same time ensure that the temperature \(T_{i}\geq T_{0}-\Delta T\) after the high-temperature zone cools down. Low-temperature zone: Obtain the output power of the current low-temperature zone, and calculate the corrected power \(P_{D}\) based on the output power + (\(\Delta T_{imax} / \) the preset zone temperature extreme difference) \(\times\Delta P_{coordination}\), and the corrected power \(P_{D}\leq\) the preset maximum allowable power of the zone, and at the same time ensure that the temperature \(T_{i}\leq T_{0}+\Delta T\) after the low-temperature zone warms up. Correction power PG and correction power PD are issued to the high temperature / low temperature partition to adjust the power of the high temperature / low temperature partition. The change of Ti in each partition after the coordinated adjustment is recorded, and the new ΔTimax is calculated. If the new ΔTimax is less than or equal to the preset temperature extreme difference of the partition, the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained and the iteration is terminated. If the new ΔTimax is still greater than the preset temperature extreme difference of the partition, the correction power acquisition of the high temperature partition and the low temperature partition is repeated until the independent adjustment of each partition is maintained. If the number of iterations exceeds the preset number of iterations, a partition alarm signal is generated.

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