An aquaculture insecticide based on artemisia, khaya and neem and a method for its preparation

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of disease prevention and treatment of aquaculture, and discloses an aquaculture insecticide based on artemisia, khaya and neem and a preparation method thereof. The aquaculture insecticide is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: artemisia extract 5-10%, khaya extract 3-8%, neem extract 3-8%, emulsifier 1-5%, antioxidant 0.1-0.5%, solvent 20-30%, and the balance is purified water. The application takes three kinds of natural plant extracts, i.e. artemisia, khaya and neem, as core raw materials, realizes synergistic effect through scientific proportioning, and the insect repellent activity of artemisinin is complementary to the antifeedant and growth inhibiting activity of nimbicin and khayaketone, so that a variety of aquatic parasites such as trichodina, dactylogyrus, anchorhead and fish louse can be effectively prevented and treated, and the single or mixed parasite infection has a significant prevention and treatment effect, and the insecticidal rate can reach more than 90%. The raw materials are all natural plant extracts, can be naturally degraded, and have no drug residues. The preparation process is simple and suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture disease prevention and control technology, specifically to an aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Melia azedarach, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the aquaculture industry, parasitic diseases are one of the key factors restricting the yield and quality of farmed products. Common aquatic parasites, such as protozoa like Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and ciliates; worms like Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus; and crustaceans like anchor worms and fish lice, easily parasitize the body surface, gills, and intestines of aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, and sea cucumbers. This leads to symptoms such as gill rot, body rot, loss of appetite, and slow growth in farmed animals, and in severe cases, it can cause large-scale mortality, resulting in huge economic losses for farmers.

[0003] Currently, most commonly used parasite control drugs in aquaculture are chemically synthesized insecticides, such as trichlorfon, potassium permanganate, and malachite green oxalate. While these chemical drugs have a certain insecticidal effect in the short term, they have many inherent drawbacks: First, chemical drugs degrade slowly in water, easily remaining in farmed animals, affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products, and even endangering human health; second, long-term use can easily lead to drug resistance in parasites, triggering a vicious cycle of continuously increasing drug dosages and further aggravating environmental pollution; third, most chemical insecticides are toxic to aquatic animals themselves, easily triggering stress reactions and disrupting the microecological balance of the aquaculture water.

[0004] To address the drawbacks of chemical pesticides, natural plant-derived pesticides have become a research hotspot in the field of aquatic disease control due to their advantages such as environmental friendliness, low likelihood of developing resistance, and low toxicity to farmed animals. Patent CN103405518A discloses a compound traditional Chinese medicine pesticide containing Artemisia annua extract and Neem extract; however, this formulation is complex, containing multiple auxiliary ingredients such as Polygonum cuspidatum, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Indigo naturalis, making the preparation process cumbersome. Another patent discloses an aquatic parasite control agent prepared solely from Neem oil, but the insecticidal spectrum of single plant materials is narrow, and the control effect on multiple mixed parasite infections is limited. Therefore, developing a natural aquatic pesticide with simple ingredients, easy preparation, and broad-spectrum, highly effective insecticidal properties has significant practical application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention develops an aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Melia azedarach, and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Amur neem, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5-10% Artemisia annua extract, 3-8% Neem extract, 3-8% Amur neem extract, 1-5% emulsifier, 0.1-0.5% antioxidant, 20-30% solvent, and the balance being purified water.

[0007] Preferably, the artemisia extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and concentration of the whole artemisia plant, with an artemisinin content ≥1.2%.

[0008] Preferably, the neem extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and purification of neem bark or seeds, with a neemone content ≥0.8%.

[0009] Preferably, the neem extract is an extract obtained by cold-pressing extraction and refining of neem seeds, with an azadirachtin content ≥1.0%.

[0010] Preferably, the emulsifier is a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 60 in a 2:1 ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the antioxidant is one of vitamin E or tea polyphenols.

[0012] More preferably, the solvent is 95% food-grade ethanol.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for preparing an aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Melia azedarach, comprising the following steps: (1) Weigh the Artemisia annua extract, Neem extract and Azalea extract by weight percentage, add them to the solvent and stir evenly to obtain a mixed extract; add emulsifier and antioxidant to the mixed extract, and stir at 40-50℃ for 30-40 min until the solution is completely clear; (2) Slowly add the above clarified solution to an appropriate amount of purified water while stirring. Then add purified water to 100% of the total weight and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes. Adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5-6.5. (3) Filter the adjusted solution, take the filtrate, fill and sterilize it to obtain the finished product.

[0014] Artemisia annua contains artemisinin, artesunate, and artemisinic acid as its active ingredients. These ingredients can disrupt the integrity of parasite cell membranes, inhibit mitochondrial energy metabolism, and interfere with nerve conduction in parasites.

[0015] The active ingredients of neem are azadirachtin (neemin) and azadirachtin ketone lactone, which act on the epithelial cells of the digestive tract of parasites, causing parasite paralysis, refusal to eat, and death; and inhibiting the hatching of parasite eggs.

[0016] Neem, whose active ingredient is azadirachtin, can inhibit the synthesis of molting hormones in insects, block the growth and development of insects, and interfere with the neuromuscular transmission of parasites.

[0017] Artemisia annua, neem, and neem are all natural plant-derived raw materials. Their extracts can be used as green insecticides in aquaculture, with the advantages of insect repellency, antibacterial properties, low toxicity, and easy degradation. They can effectively control common aquatic parasites such as Gyrodactylus, anchor worm, and Trichodina, and are not prone to drug resistance and have high safety for aquaculture water and non-target organisms.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: This invention uses extracts from three natural plants—Artemisia annua, Neem, and Azalea—as core raw materials, achieving synergistic effects through a scientific formulation. The anthelmintic activity of artemisinin complements the antifeedant and growth-inhibiting activities of azalea and neemone, effectively controlling various aquatic parasites such as Trichodina, Dactylogyrus, anchor worms, and fish lice. It exhibits significant control effects against single or mixed parasite infections, with a kill rate exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the raw materials are all natural plant extracts, biodegradable, and leave no drug residues. The preparation process is simple and suitable for large-scale production. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Example

[0020] An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Neem, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8% Artemisia annua extract, 8% Neem extract, 8% Neem extract, 3% emulsifier, 0.3% antioxidant, 30% solvent, and the balance being purified water.

[0021] Among them, Artemisia annua extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and concentration of the whole Artemisia annua herb, with an artemisinin content ≥1.2%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and purification of Neem bark or seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥0.8%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by cold-press extraction and purification of Neem seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥1.0%; the emulsifier is a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 60 in a 2:1 ratio, and the ethanol is 95% food-grade ethanol.

[0022] Preparation method: (1) Weigh the Artemisia annua extract, Neem extract and Azalea extract by weight percentage, add them to the solvent and stir evenly to obtain a mixed extract; add emulsifier and antioxidant to the mixed extract, and stir at 40°C for 35 min until the solution is completely clear; (2) Slowly add the above clear solution to an appropriate amount of purified water while stirring. Then add purified water to 100% of the total weight and continue stirring for 30 minutes. Adjust the pH of the solution to 6. (3) Filter the adjusted solution, take the filtrate, fill and sterilize it to obtain the finished product. Example

[0023] An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Neem, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 10% Artemisia annua extract, 5% Neem extract, 3% Neem extract, 5% emulsifier, 0.5% antioxidant, 25% solvent, and the balance being purified water.

[0024] Among them, Artemisia annua extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and concentration of the whole Artemisia annua herb, with an artemisinin content ≥1.2%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and purification of Neem bark or seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥0.8%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by cold-press extraction and purification of Neem seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥1.0%; the emulsifier is a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 60 in a 2:1 ratio, and the ethanol is 95% food-grade ethanol.

[0025] Preparation method: (1) Weigh the Artemisia annua extract, Neem extract and Azalea extract by weight percentage, add them to the solvent and stir evenly to obtain a mixed extract; add emulsifier and antioxidant to the mixed extract, and stir at 50°C for 30 min until the solution is completely clear; (2) Slowly add the above clear solution to an appropriate amount of purified water while stirring. Then add purified water to 100% of the total weight and continue stirring for 20 minutes. Adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5. (3) Filter the adjusted solution, take the filtrate, fill and sterilize it to obtain the finished product. Example

[0026] An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Amur neem, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5% Artemisia annua extract, 3% Neem extract, 5% Amur neem extract, 1% emulsifier, 0.1% antioxidant, 20% solvent, and the balance being purified water.

[0027] Among them, Artemisia annua extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and concentration of the whole Artemisia annua herb, with an artemisinin content ≥1.2%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and purification of Neem bark or seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥0.8%; Neem extract is an extract obtained by cold-press extraction and purification of Neem seeds, with azadirachtin content ≥1.0%; the emulsifier is a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 60 in a 2:1 ratio, and the ethanol is 95% food-grade ethanol.

[0028] Preparation method: (1) Weigh the Artemisia annua extract, Neem extract and Azalea extract by weight percentage, add them to the solvent and stir evenly to obtain a mixed extract; add emulsifier and antioxidant to the mixed extract, and stir at 45°C for 40 min until the solution is completely clear; (2) Slowly add the above clear solution to an appropriate amount of purified water while stirring. Then add purified water to 100% of the total weight and continue stirring for 25 minutes. Adjust the pH of the solution to 6.5. (3) Filter the adjusted solution, take the filtrate, fill and sterilize it to obtain the finished product.

[0029] Effect verification test Four aquaculture ponds, each 1 mu in area and 1.5 m in depth, were selected and designated as experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, and control group. Each pond was stocked with 1000 grass carp fingerlings of uniform size, all of which exhibited naturally occurring infections of Trichodina and Dactylogyrus (infection rate ≥80%). Experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with the aquatic insecticides prepared according to Examples 1, 2, and 3 of this invention at a dosage of 0.5 kg / mu; the control group was treated with the conventional chemical insecticide trichlorfon at a dosage of 0.3 kg / mu. The parasite infection rate and mortality rate of the grass carp in each pond were measured on days 3 and 7 after treatment. The results are shown in the table below: Group Infection rate (%) 3 days after medication Infection rate (%) 7 days after medication Mortality rate (%) 7 days after medication Experimental group 1 12 3 2 Experimental group 2 15 4 3 Experimental group 3 10 2 1 control group 18 10 8 The experimental results show that the aquatic insecticide prepared by this invention has a significant killing effect on Trichodina and Dactylogyrus in grass carp. The infection rate can be reduced to below 4% and the mortality rate to less than 3% after 7 days of treatment. The control effect is better than that of conventional chemical insecticides such as trichlorfon. At the same time, no stress response was observed in grass carp during the experiment, and there were no significant changes in water quality indicators such as water transparency and dissolved oxygen, indicating that the product of this invention is safe and friendly to farmed animals and aquatic environment.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Neem, and Melia azedarach, characterized in that: By weight percentage, it consists of the following raw materials: 5-10% Artemisia annua extract, 3-8% Neem extract, 3-8% Neem extract, 1-5% emulsifier, 0.1-0.5% antioxidant, 20-30% solvent, and the balance being purified water.

2. The aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The artemisia extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and concentration of the whole artemisia plant, with an artemisinin content ≥1.2%.

3. The aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The neem extract is an extract obtained by ethanol extraction and purification of neem bark or seeds, with a neemone content ≥0.8%.

4. The aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The neem extract is an extract obtained by cold-pressing extraction and refining of neem seeds, with an azadirachtin content ≥1.0%.

5. An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 60 in a 2:1 ratio.

6. The aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is either vitamin E or tea polyphenols.

7. An aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is 95% food-grade ethanol.

8. A method for preparing an aquaculture insecticide based on Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach, and Neem as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh the Artemisia annua extract, Neem extract and Azalea extract by weight percentage, add them to the solvent and stir evenly to obtain a mixed extract; add emulsifier and antioxidant to the mixed extract, and stir at 40-50℃ for 30-40 min until the solution is completely clear; (2) Slowly add the above clarified solution to an appropriate amount of purified water while stirring. Then add purified water to 100% of the total weight and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes. Adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5-6.

5. (3) Filter the adjusted solution, take the filtrate, fill and sterilize it to obtain the finished product.