Low pressure casting wheel mold with aluminum alloy prefabricated framework and process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated framework and a process thereof, which comprises a side mold, an upper mold and a lower mold, a spoke cavity is formed between the side mold, the upper mold and the lower mold, a prefabricated part is arranged in the spoke cavity along the spoke direction, a mold positioning and limiting device is arranged on the prefabricated part, the prefabricated part is made of an aluminum alloy metal material, the forming mode of the prefabricated part is one or a combination of multiple modes in casting, forging, extrusion and machining, and the shape of the prefabricated part is one of V-shaped, W-shaped and U-shaped according to the spoke cross-sectional shape. The low-pressure casting wheel mold with the aluminum alloy prefabricated framework and the process thereof can significantly improve the elongation, yield strength and tensile strength of the spoke, meet the impact and fatigue test requirements, support the lightweight design of the wheel, and the matched mold is provided with a positioning and cooling structure, has strong process compatibility, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive parts manufacturing technology, and in particular to a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles and energy-saving traditional vehicles, lightweight wheels have become a key way to reduce overall vehicle energy consumption and improve driving range. Aluminum alloy wheels are widely used due to their advantages such as low density and high specific strength, and low-pressure casting is one of the mainstream forming processes. However, in the existing low-pressure casting process, due to the thicker cross-section and uneven cooling rate of the wheel spokes, solidification lag is easily formed in the central area of ​​the cross-section, leading to the concentration of defects such as shrinkage porosity and gas pores, which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of this area.

[0003] Actual measurement data shows that the typical mechanical properties of the spokes of conventional low-pressure cast aluminum alloy wheels are: elongation of approximately 3.5%, yield strength of 160–180 MPa, and tensile strength of 220–260 MPa. These performance levels are insufficient to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of impact tests (such as radial and angular impact), bending fatigue, and radial fatigue tests. To pass these tests, it is usually necessary to increase the wall thickness or add reinforcing ribs, leading to an increase in wheel weight and contradicting the initial intention of lightweight design.

[0004] While existing technologies attempt to improve performance through heat treatment, alloy composition optimization, or local structural reinforcement, they still struggle to fundamentally address the issue of porous microstructure in the central region of the wheel spokes caused by solidification shrinkage. Furthermore, this can obstruct the feeding channels, affecting the overall density of the casting. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of key areas of the wheel spokes without affecting the feeding process and is suitable for industrial applications. To this end, we propose a low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy skeleton and its manufacturing process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problem solved: In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-pressure casting wheel mold with aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process, which can significantly improve the elongation, yield strength and tensile strength of the wheel spokes, meet the requirements of impact and fatigue testing, and support lightweight wheel design. The mold is equipped with positioning and cooling structures, has strong process compatibility, is suitable for large-scale production, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton, comprising a side mold, an upper mold, and a lower mold, wherein a spoke cavity is formed between the side mold, the upper mold, and the lower mold, and a prefabricated part is arranged in the spoke cavity along the spoke direction, and a mold positioning and limiting device is provided on the prefabricated part, wherein the prefabricated part is made of aluminum alloy metal, and the forming method of the prefabricated part is one or a combination of casting, forging, extrusion, and machining, wherein the shape of the prefabricated part is set according to the spoke cross-sectional shape as one of V-shaped, W-shaped, and U-shaped, and cooling channels are provided inside the side mold, the upper mold, and the lower mold.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of this application, a wheel frame is positioned at the upper end of the preform. The preform includes a W-shaped body, positioning legs, and limiting legs. The limiting legs are located inside the W-shaped body, and the positioning legs are located at both ends of the W-shaped body. A mold positioning hole is opened at the bottom of the spoke cavity corresponding to the positioning legs. A top frame is positioned at the upper end of the upper mold, a side frame is positioned on the side of the side mold, and a base frame is positioned at the bottom of the lower mold. A temperature control box is positioned at the top of the top frame. The cooling channel is connected to a return water pipe and a water outlet pipe. Both the return water pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to a water tank. An inlet pump is assembled at the connection between the water tank and the return water pipe, and an outlet pump is assembled at the connection between the water tank and the water outlet pipe. A filter screen is positioned inside the water tank, and a water cooling controller is positioned on the outside of the water tank.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the temperature control box is internally assembled with a PCB board, on which a power module, a water cooling control module, a temperature sensing module, a communication module, an alarm module, a central processing module, and a heating control module are mounted. The temperature sensing module is connected to the communication module, the communication module is connected to the central processing module, and the central processing module is connected to the water cooling control module, the heating control module, and the alarm module.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the side mold, upper mold, and lower mold are closed and positioned at the spoke cavity, and the preform is positioned at the bottom of the spoke cavity by positioning feet and mold positioning holes, and the preform supports and limits the wheel frame.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the coolant inside the water tank is pumped into the cooling channel through the outlet pump and the outlet pipe, and flows in the mold. Finally, it is pumped back into the water tank for cooling through the return pipe and the inlet pump. The water cooling controller controls the temperature of the coolant inside the water tank.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the output terminal of the temperature sensing module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the central processing module through the communication module, and the output terminal of the central processing module is electrically connected to the input terminals of the water cooling control module, the heating control module and the alarm module.

[0012] A low-pressure casting wheel process with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame specifically includes the following steps: S1: Based on the design drawings of the wheel spoke structure, prefabricate the skeleton blank by selecting aluminum alloy sheet and making it into one of the following skeleton blanks: V-shaped, W-shaped and multi-fold line shape by CNC cutting or stamping. S2: The skeleton blank is subjected to stress-relief annealing, sandblasting and surface activation treatment to improve its surface cleanliness and bonding performance. S3: Install the processed prefabricated skeleton into the center area of ​​the spoke cavity of the low-pressure casting mold, and fix it with one of the following: high-temperature resistant ceramic pins and metal positioning devices to ensure its spatial positioning accuracy. S4: After mold closing, preheat the mold to 200-300℃, and simultaneously heat the precast skeleton to 150-250℃ to reduce thermal shock. S5: Start the low-pressure casting system, control the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy at 680-720℃, and slowly press it into the mold cavity through the riser pipe to achieve sequential solidification from the rim to the spokes, so that the melt can wrap the prefabricated skeleton and form a metallurgical bond. S6: After holding the pressure for a certain period of time, slowly cool down to complete the shrinkage compensation process and prevent shrinkage cavities and porosity defects; S7: After the mold is opened and the casting is removed, and X-ray inspection confirms that there are no defects in the internal quality, heat treatment is carried out to finally obtain a high-performance aluminum alloy wheel.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of this application, in step S5, the liquid lifting speed is controlled to be 20-40 mm / s and the pressurization pressure is 0.08-0.15 MPa to ensure that the melt fills smoothly and avoids impact displacement on the precast skeleton.

[0014] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process, which has the following beneficial effects: This low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process can significantly improve the elongation (≥5%), yield strength (≥240MPa), and tensile strength (≥300MPa) of the wheel spokes, meeting the requirements of impact and fatigue testing, and supporting lightweight wheel design. The matching mold is equipped with positioning and cooling structures, has strong process compatibility, and is suitable for large-scale production; Significantly improved wheel spoke mechanical properties: By introducing a high-strength aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton in high-stress areas, the strength reduction caused by shrinkage porosity is effectively compensated. Actual measurements show that the spoke elongation can be increased to ≥5.0%, the yield strength reaches ≥240MPa, and the tensile strength is ≥300MPa, meeting the stringent performance requirements of high-end vehicle models. Improving the density of the casting structure: The prefabricated skeleton acts as an "internal cooling plate" and structural support, which helps to dissipate heat evenly, reduce hot spots, promote sequential solidification, avoid central shrinkage porosity, and improve the overall density; Supports lightweight design: After the local strength of the wheel spokes is significantly improved, the wall thickness can be reduced or the structure optimized while ensuring safety, achieving a weight reduction of more than 5%, which helps to improve the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle; Compatible with existing production processes: No modification to basic low-pressure casting equipment is required; mass production can be achieved simply by adjusting the mold structure and optimizing process parameters, making it highly suitable for industrial application. Ensuring smooth feeding: The precast frame uses a thin plate structure arranged at the center of the cross section, which not only does not block the feeding channel, but also improves the feeding efficiency through heat conduction; Excellent material compatibility: Both the frame and the base are made of aluminum alloy with similar coefficients of linear expansion. The thermal stress at the interface is small, and there is no risk of electrochemical corrosion. The entire low-pressure casting wheel mold has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and performs better than traditional methods. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and the wheel frame in the process of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and the prefabricated parts in the process of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and the water cooling system in its process, according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of point A in the low-pressure casting wheel mold with aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and its process according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton and the temperature control box in the process of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Side mold; 2. Side frame; 3. Cooling channel; 4. Base frame; 5. Precast component; 6. Positioning support; 7. Mold positioning hole; 8. Lower mold; 9. Wheel spoke cavity; 10. Wheel frame; 11. Upper mold; 12. Top frame; 13. Temperature control box; 14. W-shaped component body; 15. Limiting support; 16. Water cooling controller; 17. Filter screen; 18. Inlet pump; 19. Water tank; 20. Outlet pump; 21. Return water pipe; 22. Outlet water pipe; 23. PCB board; 24. Power module; 25. Water cooling control module; 26. Temperature sensing module; 27. Communication module; 28. Alarm module; 29. ​​Central processing module; 30. Heating control module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall be followed. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figure 1-6As shown, a low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated frame includes a side mold 1, an upper mold 11, and a lower mold 8. A spoke cavity 9 is formed between the side mold 1, the upper mold 11, and the lower mold 8. A prefabricated part 5 is arranged in the spoke cavity 9 along the spoke direction. A mold positioning and limiting device is provided on the prefabricated part 5. The prefabricated part 5 is made of aluminum alloy. The forming method of the prefabricated part 5 is one or a combination of casting, forging, extrusion, and machining. The shape of the prefabricated part 5 is set according to the spoke cross-sectional shape as one of V-shaped, W-shaped, and U-shaped. Cooling channels 3 are provided inside the side mold 1, the upper mold 11, and the lower mold 8.

[0026] A wheel frame 10 is positioned at the upper end of the precast component 5. The precast component 5 includes a W-shaped body 14, positioning feet 6, and limiting feet 15. The limiting feet 15 are located inside the W-shaped body 14, and the positioning feet 6 are located at both ends of the W-shaped body 14. A mold positioning hole 7 is provided at the bottom of the spoke cavity 9 corresponding to the positioning feet 6. A top frame 12 is positioned at the upper end of the upper mold 11, a side frame 2 is positioned on the side of the side mold 1, and a base frame 4 is positioned at the bottom of the lower mold 8. A temperature control box 13 is positioned at the top of the top frame 12. The cooling channel 3 is connected to a return water pipe 21 and a water outlet pipe 22. Water tank 19 is connected to both water outlet pipe 21 and water outlet pipe 22. Water inlet pump 18 is assembled at the connection between water tank 19 and water outlet pipe 21, and water outlet pump 20 is assembled at the connection between water tank 19 and water outlet pipe 22. Filter screen 17 is positioned inside water tank 19, and water cooling controller 16 is positioned on the outside of water tank 19. Coolant inside water tank 19 is pumped into cooling channel 3 through water outlet pump 20 and water outlet pipe 22 and flows in the mold. Finally, it is pumped back into water tank 19 for cooling through water outlet pipe 21 and water inlet pump 18. Water cooling controller 16 controls the temperature of coolant inside water tank 19.

[0027] The temperature control box 13 is internally assembled with a PCB board 23. The PCB board 23 is equipped with a power module 24, a water cooling control module 25, a temperature sensing module 26, a communication module 27, an alarm module 28, a central processing module 29, and a heating control module 30. The temperature sensing module 26 is connected to the communication module 27, the communication module 27 is connected to the central processing module 29, and the central processing module 29 is connected to the water cooling control module 25, the heating control module 30, and the alarm module 28. The output terminal of the temperature sensing module 26 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the central processing module 29 through the communication module 27. The output terminal of the central processing module 29 is electrically connected to the input terminals of the water cooling control module 25, the heating control module 30, and the alarm module 28.

[0028] A low-pressure casting wheel process with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame specifically includes the following steps: S1: Based on the design drawings of the wheel spoke structure, prefabricate the skeleton blank by selecting aluminum alloy sheet and making it into one of the following skeleton blanks: V-shaped, W-shaped and multi-fold line shape by CNC cutting or stamping. S2: The skeleton blank is subjected to stress-relief annealing, sandblasting and surface activation treatment to improve its surface cleanliness and bonding performance. S3: Install the processed prefabricated skeleton into the center area of ​​the spoke cavity of the low-pressure casting mold, and fix it with one of the following: high-temperature resistant ceramic pins and metal positioning devices to ensure its spatial positioning accuracy. S4: After mold closing, preheat the mold to 200-300℃, and simultaneously heat the precast skeleton to 150-250℃ to reduce thermal shock. S5: Start the low-pressure casting system, control the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy at 680-720℃, and slowly press it into the mold cavity through the riser pipe to achieve sequential solidification from the rim to the spokes, so that the melt can wrap the prefabricated skeleton and form a metallurgical bond. S6: After holding the pressure for a certain period of time, slowly cool down to complete the shrinkage compensation process and prevent shrinkage cavities and porosity defects; S7: After the mold is opened and the casting is removed, and X-ray inspection confirms that there are no defects in the internal quality, heat treatment is carried out to finally obtain a high-performance aluminum alloy wheel.

[0029] In step S5, the liquid lifting speed is controlled at 20-40 mm / s and the pressurization pressure is 0.08-0.15 MPa to ensure smooth filling of the melt and avoid impact displacement on the precast skeleton. Example

[0030] A 20-inch low-pressure cast aluminum alloy wheel with a five-spoke radial structure. Finite element analysis determined that the center of the spokes is a high-stress zone and a hot spot. A V-shaped aluminum alloy prefabricated frame 1 was designed, made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet with a thickness of 3mm, CNC cut and sandblasted.

[0031] The prefabricated skeleton was placed at the center of the spoke cavity in the low-pressure casting mold and positioned and fixed using the process holes on the outside of the mold. The mold was preheated to 250℃, and the skeleton was simultaneously heated to 200℃. AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy melt was used, with a pouring temperature of 700℃, a liquid rise rate of 30mm / s, and a pressurization pressure of 0.12MPa. After casting, X-ray inspection revealed no shrinkage defects. After T6 heat treatment, samples were tested, showing an elongation of 7.2% in the center region of the spokes, a yield strength of 245MPa, and a tensile strength of 305MPa, demonstrating significantly improved performance compared to traditional products.

[0032] A low-pressure cast wheel with an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton includes a rim, spokes and a center disc, characterized in that: an aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton is embedded in the central area of ​​the spoke cross section, the prefabricated skeleton being V-shaped, W-shaped or multi-folded, adapted to the front shape of the wheel.

[0033] The prefabricated frame is 2-5mm thick and made of one of the following aluminum alloys: 6061, 6063, or 7075.

[0034] The prefabricated frame is set in the hot spot center area of ​​the wheel spoke section to suppress shrinkage and improve load-bearing capacity.

[0035] The surface of the precast skeleton has a rough structure or micropores to enhance the metallurgical bond with the base metal.

[0036] The process includes the following steps: prefabricated skeleton processing, surface treatment, mold positioning, mold preheating, low-pressure casting, pressure holding and cooling, and heat treatment.

[0037] The pouring temperature is 680–720℃, the liquid rising rate is 20–40 mm / s, and the pressurization pressure is 0.08–0.15 MPa.

[0038] A positioning structure for fixing the prefabricated skeleton is provided at the center of the spoke cavity, including a ceramic insert, a retractable positioning pin, or a magnetic clamping assembly.

[0039] It is also equipped with temperature sensors and cooling channels to regulate the temperature gradient in the spoke area.

[0040] Working Principle: This invention includes a side mold 1, a side frame 2, a cooling channel 3, a base frame 4, a prefabricated component 5, a positioning support 6, a mold positioning hole 7, a lower mold 8, a spoke cavity 9, a wheel frame 10, an upper mold 11, a top frame 12, a temperature control box 13, a W-shaped component body 14, a limiting support 15, a water cooling controller 16, a filter screen 17, an inlet pump 18, a water tank 19, an outlet pump 20, a return water pipe 21, an outlet water pipe 22, a PCB board 23, a power module 24, a water cooling control module 25, a temperature sensing module 26, a communication module 27, an alarm module 28, a central processing module 29, and a heating control module 30. This invention constructs a "metal skeleton reinforcement structure" by pre-setting a specific-shaped aluminum alloy prefabricated skeleton in the key weak areas of the spokes of a low-pressure cast aluminum alloy wheel. This effectively solves the problem of insufficient strength caused by the shrinkage of the spoke center, significantly improves the elongation, yield strength, and tensile strength, meets the requirements of impact, bending, and fatigue testing, and provides a reliable path for wheel lightweighting. By combining specialized mold structure and process optimization, this invention possesses excellent manufacturability and promising prospects for industrial application.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second (number one, number two), etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0042] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A low-pressure casting wheel mold with an aluminum alloy prefabricated frame, comprising a side mold (1), an upper mold (11), and a lower mold (8), characterized in that: A spoke cavity (9) is formed between the side mold (1), the upper mold (11), and the lower mold (8). A preform (5) is arranged in the spoke cavity (9) along the spoke direction. A mold positioning and limiting device is provided on the preform (5). The preform (5) is made of aluminum alloy. The forming method of the preform (5) is one or more combinations of casting, forging, extrusion, and machining. The shape of the preform (5) is set according to the spoke cross-sectional shape as one of V-shaped, W-shaped, and U-shaped. Cooling channels (3) are provided inside the side mold (1), the upper mold (11), and the lower mold (8).

2. The low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast component (5) has a wheel frame (10) positioned at its upper end. The precast component (5) includes a W-shaped body (14), positioning feet (6), and limiting feet (15). The limiting feet (15) are located inside the W-shaped body (14), and the positioning feet (6) are located at both ends of the W-shaped body (14). The bottom of the spoke cavity (9) is provided with a mold positioning hole (7) corresponding to the positioning feet (6). The upper end of the upper mold (11) is positioned with a top frame (12), and the side mold (1) is positioned with a side frame (2) on its side. The bottom of the lower mold (8) is positioned with a top frame (12). The base frame (4) is positioned, and the temperature control box (13) is positioned on the top of the top frame (12). The cooling channel (3) is connected to the return water pipe (21) and the outlet water pipe (22). The return water pipe (21) and the outlet water pipe (22) are both connected to the water tank (19). The water tank (19) and the return water pipe (21) are connected to the water inlet pump (18). The water tank (19) and the outlet water pipe (22) are connected to the water outlet pump (20). The water tank (19) is equipped with a filter screen (17) inside. The water tank (19) is equipped with a water cooling controller (16) outside.

3. A low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature control box (13) is internally assembled with a PCB board (23). The PCB board (23) is equipped with a power module (24), a water cooling control module (25), a temperature sensing module (26), a communication module (27), an alarm module (28), a central processing module (29), and a heating control module (30). The temperature sensing module (26) is connected to the communication module (27), the communication module (27) is connected to the central processing module (29), and the central processing module (29) is connected to the water cooling control module (25), the heating control module (30), and the alarm module (28).

4. A low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side mold (1), upper mold (11), and lower mold (8) are positioned together at the spoke cavity (9).

5. A low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preform (5) is positioned at the bottom of the spoke cavity (9) by positioning feet (6) and mold positioning holes (7), and the preform (5) supports and limits the wheel frame (10). The coolant inside the water tank (19) is pumped into the cooling channel (3) through the outlet pump (20) and the outlet pipe (22) and flows in the mold. Finally, it is pumped back into the water tank (19) for cooling through the return pipe (21) and the inlet pump (18). The water cooling controller (16) controls the temperature of the coolant inside the water tank (19).

6. A low-pressure casting wheel mold with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output of the temperature sensing module (26) is electrically connected to the input of the central processing module (29) through the communication module (27), and the output of the central processing module (29) is electrically connected to the input of the water cooling control module (25), the heating control module (30) and the alarm module (28).

7. A low-pressure casting wheel process with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: S1: Based on the design drawings of the wheel spoke structure, prefabricate the skeleton blank by selecting aluminum alloy sheet and making it into one of the following skeleton blanks: V-shaped, W-shaped and multi-fold line shape by CNC cutting or stamping. S2: The skeleton blank is subjected to stress-relief annealing, sandblasting and surface activation treatment to improve its surface cleanliness and bonding performance. S3: Install the processed prefabricated skeleton into the center area of ​​the spoke cavity of the low-pressure casting mold, and fix it with one of the following: high-temperature resistant ceramic pins and metal positioning devices to ensure its spatial positioning accuracy. S4: After mold closing, preheat the mold to 200-300℃, and simultaneously heat the precast skeleton to 150-250℃ to reduce thermal shock. S5: Start the low-pressure casting system, control the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy at 680-720℃, and slowly press it into the mold cavity through the riser pipe to achieve sequential solidification from the rim to the spokes, so that the melt can wrap the prefabricated skeleton and form a metallurgical bond. S6: After holding the pressure for a certain period of time, slowly cool down to complete the shrinkage compensation process and prevent shrinkage cavities and porosity defects; S7: After the mold is opened and the casting is removed, and X-ray inspection confirms that there are no defects in the internal quality, heat treatment is carried out to finally obtain a high-performance aluminum alloy wheel.

8. The low-pressure casting wheel process with a prefabricated aluminum alloy frame according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the liquid lifting speed is controlled at 20-40 mm / s and the pressurization pressure is 0.08-0.15 MPa to ensure smooth filling of the melt and avoid impact displacement on the precast skeleton.

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