A kind of hollow steel plate edge processing device and method for using

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of steel plate processing, and particularly relates to a hollow steel plate edge grinding device and a use method, which comprises a machine table, a placing table for initially placing a hollow structure carbon steel square plate is arranged at a middle position of the machine table, a grinder for grinding burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate is installed on the placing table, and two sets of limiting adjustment tools are arranged on the machine table and symmetrically distributed on left and right sides of the placing table. The elastic wedge-shaped clamps in the locking mechanism are matched with the booster wedge blocks to achieve rigid clamping of the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate from outside to inside. The strong suction cups in the stress mechanism are matched with the pressure sensing point touch switches to achieve flexible adsorption of the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate from inside to outside. The pressure sensing point touch switch is integrated in the stress mechanism to control the adsorption force of the suction cup, and the laser contour instrument is arranged in the acid etching mechanism to accurately position the edge position, so that multi-point sensing and closed-loop control are realized in the whole process from clamping, pretreatment to grinding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel plate processing technology, and in particular to a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of metal structural component manufacturing, hollow carbon steel square plates serve as basic components, and the quality of their edges directly affects the accuracy of subsequent welding and assembly, as well as the structural strength. Currently, the removal of burrs on the edges of carbon steel square plates mainly relies on mechanical grinding equipment.

[0003] Existing grinding technologies, such as the steel plate edge grinding device disclosed in CN109571032B, achieve mechanical grinding of the steel plate edges by setting up a clamping mechanism and a grinding wheel. However, such devices usually only use rigid clamping. For thin-walled, hollow structures like hollow steel plates, a single rigid clamping can easily cause deformation or surface damage to the plate during processing, affecting the quality of the finished product. Another example is the edge burr removal device for steel plate processing disclosed in CN108789002B, which directly removes burrs physically using a sanding belt or grinding wheel. However, burrs on the edges of carbon steel square plates often have a certain degree of toughness, especially after the previous cutting process, the burr roots are tightly bonded to the base material. If mechanical grinding is used directly, not only is the grinding resistance high and the tool wears out quickly, but it is also difficult to completely clean the burr roots, easily leaving residual protrusions on the edges, resulting in insufficient grinding accuracy. Furthermore, high temperatures are easily generated during high-speed grinding, affecting material use and subsequent processing performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of difficulty in removing and cleaning burrs on the edges of carbon steel square plates in the prior art, and to propose a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device and its usage method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device, including a machine base, a placement platform for initially placing carbon steel square plates is set in the middle of the machine base, a grinding machine for grinding the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plates is installed on the placement platform, and the machine base is provided with: a limit adjustment fixture, the number of the limit adjustment fixtures is two sets, symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the placement platform, the limit adjustment fixture includes a locking mechanism symmetrically arranged vertically and a stress mechanism symmetrically arranged horizontally, the locking mechanism includes a set of elastic wedge-shaped clamps that move towards each other to rigidly clamp the outer walls of the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plates, and the stress mechanism includes a set of suction cups that move in the opposite direction to flexibly abut against the inner walls of the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plates to buffer the strong suction cups from the high-frequency vibration from the front; The pretreatment fixture includes a high-vibration mechanism for ultrasonic cracking treatment of burrs on the edge of carbon steel square plate and an acid etching mechanism for providing chemical softener. The high-vibration mechanism includes a Y-shaped tool head sleeved on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The Y-shaped tool head causes cracks to be generated at the root of the burrs through high-frequency vibration. The acid etching mechanism includes a high-pressure nozzle for spraying chemical softener into the cracks. The limiting adjustment fixture drives the fixed carbon steel square plate to achieve lifting and flipping posture adjustment. The high vibration mechanism and the acid etching mechanism form a stress corrosion synergy effect to reduce the fracture toughness of the material at the root of the burr, so that the burr part of the carbon steel square plate forms an easy peeling interface. The grinder dynamically grinds the burrs on the easy peeling interface until the carbon steel square plate obtains a clean edge.

[0006] Preferably, the placement platform includes a load-bearing plate disposed on the machine base, and the load-bearing plate has a clearance slot in the middle position to provide displacement and lifting space for the grinder.

[0007] Preferably, the limit adjustment fixture further includes a movable lifting bracket movably mounted on the machine base, a load-bearing shaft rotatably mounted on the movable lifting bracket, and a load-bearing long plate integrally connected to the load-bearing shaft for setting the locking mechanism and the stress mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic wedge-shaped clamps are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the load-bearing long plate, and the other two sides of the load-bearing long plate are symmetrically provided with extended straight plates for installing powerful suction cups.

[0009] Preferably, a drive slider for moving the elastic wedge-shaped clamp and the extension straight plate is slidably installed in the load-bearing rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the pretreatment fixture is located behind the placement table, and the high-vibration mechanism is located below the acid etching mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the high-vibration mechanism includes a three-dimensional base movably mounted on the machine platform, an ultrasonic generator fixedly mounted on the three-dimensional base, an amplitude transformer connected to the ultrasonic generator, a Y-shaped tool head corresponding to the edge of the carbon steel square plate connected to the amplitude transformer, and a pressure sensor electrically connected to the three-dimensional base fixedly mounted on the Y-shaped tool head.

[0012] Preferably, the acid etching mechanism includes an extension truss fixedly mounted on the rear side of the machine base. A laser profilometer and a high-pressure nozzle corresponding to the edge of the carbon steel square plate are movably mounted on the extension truss. An explosion-proof container for loading a chemical softener and unidirectionally connecting to the high-pressure nozzle is fixedly mounted on the extension truss. A movable slide is movably mounted on the extension truss, which is electrically connected to the laser profilometer and fixedly mounted on the high-pressure nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, the chemical softener is a mixed solution containing a surfactant and dilute hydrochloric acid.

[0014] A method of using the above-mentioned hollow steel plate edge grinding device, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Place the carbon steel square plate with burrs on the edge horizontally on the load plate, control the movement of the moving lifting bracket to make the locking mechanism align with the carbon steel square plate, and at the same time make the extension straight plate extend into the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate. Step S2: Control the movement of the drive slider so that the two elastic wedge-shaped clamps move towards each other in the vertical direction until they clamp the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate. At the same time, the powerful suction cup on the extension plate contacts the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate and extracts the air between the powerful suction cup and the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate to achieve flexible contact. Step S3: The pressure sensor senses and controls the operation of the three-dimensional base, so that the Y-shaped tool head is moved and fitted onto the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The ultrasonic generator is turned on, the amplitude transformer amplifies the ultrasonic amplitude, and the Y-shaped tool head focuses the energy on the root of the burr, causing micro-cracks to be generated in the material at the root of the burr, forming an easy-to-peel interface. Step S4: Use a laser profilometer to search for and locate the edge of the carbon steel square plate. Use a moving slide to drive a high-pressure nozzle to correspond to the easily peelable interface of the carbon steel square plate edge and spray a chemical softener into the crack area. The chemical softener penetrates along the micro-cracks, preferentially corrodes the micro-crack tips, reduces the bonding strength between the burrs and the edge of the carbon steel square plate, and creates conditions for subsequent cleaning. Step S5: Control the rotation of the load-bearing shaft on the movable lifting support so that the edge of the carbon steel square plate to be ground is in a vertical downward position. Control the grinding machine on the placement table to adjust its lifting and left-right displacement movements in order to grind the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention utilizes the elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate and the pressure-increasing wedge block in the locking mechanism to achieve rigid clamping of the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate from the outside to the inside; and utilizes the powerful suction cup and the pressure-sensing touch switch in the stress mechanism to achieve flexible adsorption of the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate from the inside to the outside. The combination of internal and external, rigid and flexible clamping methods helps to improve the stability of the carbon steel square plate during processing and avoids deformation or surface damage of the hollow steel plate caused by single rigid clamping.

[0016] 2. This invention first uses ultrasonic high-frequency vibration to generate microcracks at the root of the burr, forming an easy-to-peel interface; then, a chemical softener is sprayed into the microcrack area, and the stress corrosion effect is used to allow the softener to penetrate along the crack and preferentially corrode the crack tip, reducing the fracture toughness of the material at the root of the burr. The synergistic effect of physical cracking and chemical softening greatly weakens the bonding strength between the burr and the carbon steel square plate, creating favorable conditions for subsequent grinding.

[0017] 3. This invention utilizes a limiting adjustment fixture to adjust the carbon steel square plate to a vertically downward position at the edge. Combined with the lifting plate and load-bearing base, it drives the grinder to perform precise displacement and lifting. The dynamic grinding method can accurately target the weakened burr root, achieving low-resistance and high-efficiency burr removal. It effectively avoids problems such as high grinding resistance, rapid tool wear, and residual protrusions at the edge caused by the high toughness of burrs in traditional grinding.

[0018] 4. This invention integrates a pressure-sensing touch switch in the stress mechanism to control the suction force of the suction cup, sets a pressure sensor in the high-vibration mechanism to control the contact pressure between the tool head and the workpiece, and sets a laser profilometer in the acid etching mechanism to accurately locate the edge position, thereby realizing multi-point sensing and closed-loop control of the entire process from clamping, pretreatment to grinding. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a right view of a hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a left view of a hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the placement platform and grinding machine structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting adjustment fixture structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the limiting adjustment tooling structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the stress mechanism structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism and stress mechanism of the hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pretreatment tooling structure of a hollow steel plate edge grinding device proposed in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon steel square plate structure.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Machine base; 2. Placement platform; 21. Column; 22. Load-bearing plate; 23. Clearance slot; 24. Lifting plate; 25. Load-bearing base; 3. Grinding machine; 4. Limit adjustment fixture; 41. Moving lifting bracket; 42. Load-bearing shaft; 43. Load-bearing long plate; 44. Drive slider; 45. Locking mechanism; 451. T-shaped carrier plate; 452. First guide long hole; 453. Elastic wedge-shaped clamp; 454. Pressure-boosting wedge; 46. Stress mechanism; 461. Second guide long hole; 462. Extension straight plate; 463. Traction link; 464. High-power suction cup; 465. T-junction; 466. Pressure-sensing touch switch; 467. Hydraulic actuator; 468. Pressure booster piston; 5. Pre-treatment fixture; 51. High-vibration mechanism; 511. Three-dimensional base; 512. Ultrasonic generator; 513. Amplitude bar; 514. Y-type tool head; 515. Pressure sensor; 52. Acid etching mechanism; 521. Extension truss; 522. Laser profilometer; 523. Explosion-proof container; 524. Moving slide; 525. High-pressure nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-10 A hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device includes a machine base 1, a placement table 2 for initially placing carbon steel square plates is set in the middle of the machine base 1, a grinding tool 3 for grinding the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plates is installed on the placement table 2, and a limit adjustment fixture 4 and a pre-treatment fixture 5 are set on the machine base 1.

[0023] The placement platform 2 includes four columns 21, with a load-bearing plate 22 fixedly connected to each column 21. A clearance slot 23 is provided in the middle of the load-bearing plate 22 to provide displacement and lifting space for the grinder 3. A lifting plate 24 is slidably installed on the four columns 21 below the load-bearing plate 22. The lifting drive of the lifting plate 24 is executed by a lifting cylinder or servo electric cylinder located inside the machine base 1 to adjust the vertical relative position of the grinder 3 with respect to the edge of the carbon steel square plate. A load-bearing base 25 for setting the grinder 3 is slidably installed on the lifting plate 24. The load-bearing base 25 for setting the grinder 3 is slidably installed on the lifting plate 24 through a linear guide pair. The load-bearing base 25 is driven by a synchronous belt drive mechanism or a rodless cylinder to perform horizontal reciprocating motion on the lifting plate 24, thereby realizing continuous grinding of the entire edge of the carbon steel square plate.

[0024] Further explanation: The placement platform 2 serves as the initial positioning reference for the carbon steel square plate. The upper surface of its load-bearing plate 22 is precision ground, with a flatness controlled within 0.05mm / m to ensure a uniform reference height when the carbon steel square plate is placed horizontally. Self-lubricating copper sleeves or linear bearings are installed between the lifting plate 24 and the four columns 21 to ensure smooth lifting movement. A dust cover is installed between the load-bearing base 25 and the lifting plate 24 to prevent metal dust generated during grinding from entering the linear guide pair and extending its service life.

[0025] Two sets of limit adjustment fixtures 4 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the placement platform 2 to achieve non-destructive clamping and posture adjustment of carbon steel square plates. In some embodiments, a precision linear guide rail is laid on the machine base 1 along the Y-axis. The bottom of the movable lifting bracket 41 is mounted on the guide rail via a slider, and a ball screw pair driven by a servo motor achieves precise horizontal displacement to accommodate carbon steel square plates of different lengths.

[0026] In some embodiments, the limit adjustment fixture 4 includes a movable lifting bracket 41 movably mounted on the machine base 1. In some embodiments, the lifting movement of the movable lifting bracket 41 is driven by a ball screw lifting mechanism disposed inside it. The lifting height is linked to the upper plane of the load plate 22 of the placement platform 2, ensuring that the locking mechanism 45 and the stress mechanism 46 can be accurately aligned with carbon steel square plates of different thicknesses. A load-bearing rotating shaft 42 is rotatably mounted on the movable lifting bracket 41. The load-bearing rotating shaft 42 is driven by a servo rotary motor (or rotary cylinder) located on the movable lifting bracket 41 through a gear pair, and has the ability to lock at any angle within the range of 0°-180°, so as to realize the flipping of the processed surface of the carbon steel square plate. A load-bearing long plate 43 is integrally connected to the load-bearing rotating shaft 42. The load-bearing long plate 43 is provided with a locking mechanism 45 arranged symmetrically at the top and bottom and a stress mechanism 46 arranged symmetrically at the left and right. A drive slider 44 for moving the traction locking mechanism 45 and the stress mechanism 46 is slidably installed in the load-bearing rotating shaft 42. The drive slider 44 is driven by a built-in micro hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod and makes linear reciprocating motion in the axial direction of the load-bearing rotating shaft 42.

[0027] It is worth noting that the drive slider 44 is the core power actuator. Its axial movement distance along the load-bearing shaft 42 directly determines the clamping stroke of the locking mechanism 45 and the extension stroke of the stress mechanism 46. Therefore, the load-bearing shaft 42 has a guide groove for the drive slider 44 to slide in the axial direction. A sealing structure is provided between the guide groove and the outer wall of the load-bearing shaft 42 to prevent coolant or dust from entering the drive slider 44.

[0028] The locking mechanism 45 includes a T-shaped carrier plate 451 fixedly connected to the drive slider 44 and slidably mounted on the load-bearing long plate 43. Two first guide holes 452 are symmetrically formed in the T-shaped carrier plate 451. The length of the first guide holes 452 limits the clamping stroke range of the elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453, ensuring its adaptability to carbon steel square plates of different wall thicknesses. The elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453 is slidably mounted in the two first guide holes 452. The elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453 is made of polyurethane-coated spring steel. A pressure-increasing wedge block 454 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing long plate 43, abutting against the elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453. When the drive slider 44 moves the T-shaped carrier plate 451 forward, the elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453, under the action of the inclined surface of the pressure-increasing wedge block 454, moves relatively closer to the central axis (i.e., vertical direction) of the load-bearing long plate 43 along the first guide holes 452, achieving progressive rigid clamping of the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate.

[0029] The angle of the pressure wedge 454 is set to 15°-30°. This angle range ensures sufficient clamping force while preventing the drive slider 44 from having difficulty retracting due to the self-locking of the inclined surface. The polyurethane coating of the elastic wedge clamp 453 has a Shore A hardness of 60-80, which provides a sufficient coefficient of friction to prevent the carbon steel square plate from slipping, and also buffers the clamping impact during clamping, avoiding leaving indentations on the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate.

[0030] The stress response mechanism 46 includes two symmetrically arranged second guide holes 461 in the load-bearing long plate 43. Extending straight plates 462 are slidably installed in the two second guide holes 461. A traction rod 463 is pin-connected between the drive slider 44 and the extending straight plates 462. The pin connection uses a spherical plain bearing to compensate for motion interference caused by machining and assembly errors. When the drive slider 44 moves forward, the traction rod 463 pushes the two extending straight plates 462 to open and adjust along the second guide holes 461, approaching the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate. A powerful suction cup 464 for buffering support from high-frequency vibration is fixedly installed on the extending straight plate 462. The powerful suction cup 464 flexibly abuts against the inner walls of the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate. A tee 465 communicating with the powerful suction cup 464 is opened in the extending straight plate 462. A valve is configured at an opening outside the extending straight plate 462, which is opened and closed according to the extension and retraction of the pressure boosting piston 468. The valve configured on the tee 465 is linked with the booster piston 468: when the booster piston 468 moves backward, the valve opens, the tee 465 connects with the powerful suction cup 464 and draws out air; when the booster piston 468 moves forward and resets, the valve closes, locking the negative pressure between the powerful suction cup 464 and the inner wall of the workpiece, maintaining the adsorption state.

[0031] A pressure-sensing touch switch 466 is installed on the powerful suction cup 464. A hydraulic actuator 467, which is electrically connected to the pressure-sensing touch switch 466, is installed on the extension plate 462. A booster piston 468 is connected to the output end of the hydraulic actuator 467 and extends into the opening of one end of the tee 465. When the powerful suction cup 464 contacts the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate and triggers the pressure-sensing touch switch 466, the hydraulic actuator 467 drives the booster piston 468 to move backward, forming a negative pressure in the tee 465, so that the powerful suction cup 464 is firmly attached to the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate.

[0032] To further explain, the trigger pressure threshold of the pressure-sensing touch switch 466 is preset to 0.5-1.0N. When the contact pressure between the powerful suction cup 464 and the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate reaches this threshold, a start signal is immediately sent to the hydraulic actuator 467, forming a millisecond-level rapid response to ensure the timeliness and reliability of the adsorption action.

[0033] The limit adjustment fixture 4 drives the carbon steel square plate, which is fixed by the elastic wedge-shaped clamp 453 and the strong suction cup 464, to adjust its vertical lifting and forward and backward rotation.

[0034] To verify the superiority of the limit adjustment fixture 4 in this invention over the prior art, a comparative experiment was conducted: Experiment 1: Testing the clamping stability and anti-deformation capability of limit adjustment fixture 4 A hollow carbon steel square plate with dimensions of 200mm × 200mm × 10mm (wall thickness 2mm) was selected as the test piece. It was clamped using both a traditional mechanical fixture (control group) and a limit adjustment fixture 4 (experimental group). After clamping, a simulated grinding process was performed, and the deformation of the test piece surface (measured by a laser displacement sensor) and the fluctuation of the clamping force were recorded. The experimental results are as follows: Group Maximum clamping force (N) Maximum deformation (μm) after clamping Simulated residual deformation (μm) after machining Number of suction cup failures (per 100 cycles) control group 1800 120 85 —— experimental group 1500 (external clamp) + 500 (internal suction) 15 5 0 Experimental data shows that although the traditional rigid fixture (comparison group) provides a large clamping force (1800N), the stress concentration at four points on the outer wall of the hollow steel plate results in a maximum deformation of up to 120μm after clamping, and 85μm of plastic deformation remains after processing vibration, which seriously affects the subsequent assembly accuracy of the square plate. In contrast, the limiting adjustment fixture 4 uses a combination of rigid clamping by the outer wall-elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453 and flexible adsorption by the inner wall-powerful suction cup 464, dispersing the clamping force into an external clamping force (1500N) and an internal suction force (500N). The flexible contact of the elastic wedge-shaped clamp 453 can not only provide expanded limiting support for the carbon steel square plate from both the front and rear sides, but also effectively buffer rigid impacts. The powerful suction cup 464 on the inner wall provides uniform surface contact support, so that the maximum deformation after clamping is only 15μm, and there is almost no residual deformation (5μm) after processing. At the same time, under the closed-loop control of the pressure-sensing touch switch 466, the powerful suction cup 464 has not experienced any failure, which helps to improve the clamping accuracy and safety of the thin-walled hollow structure.

[0035] The pretreatment fixture 5 includes a high-vibration mechanism 51 for ultrasonic cracking of the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate and an acid etching mechanism 52 for spraying a chemical softener into the crack area. The high-vibration mechanism 51 and the acid etching mechanism 52 form a stress corrosion synergy effect to reduce the fracture toughness of the material at the root of the burrs, resulting in an easily peelable interface at the burr area of ​​the carbon steel square plate. After the acid etching mechanism 52 sprays the chemical softener, the control system presets a penetration reaction time of 15-30 seconds, allowing the chemical softener to fully penetrate along the microcracks and corrode the crack tips, forming a stress corrosion synergy effect.

[0036] The high-vibration mechanism 51 includes a three-dimensional base 511 movably mounted on the machine base 1. This three-dimensional base 511 is preferably a three-axis linkage CNC base, composed of stacked linear modules in the X, Y, and Z axes. Each module is driven by a servo motor and a precision ball screw for high-precision positioning. An ultrasonic generator 512 with a working frequency of 20-40kHz is fixedly mounted on the three-dimensional base 511. An amplitude transformer 513 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 512, and a Y-shaped tool head 514 corresponding to the edge of the carbon steel square plate is connected to the amplitude transformer 513. The opening width of the Y-shaped tool head 514 matches the wall thickness of the carbon steel square plate, and its inner surface is provided with a hard alloy wear-resistant layer. When the Y-shaped tool head 514 is fitted onto the edge of the carbon steel square plate, the two forks in the Y-shaped tool head 514 are located on the inner and outer sides of the carbon steel square plate, respectively. During the cracking process, the Y-shaped tool head 514 moves from rear to... Pressure is applied to the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The powerful suction cup 464 in the stress mechanism 46 provides front-to-back buffer support, effectively reducing the impact of high-frequency vibrations caused by ultrasonic waves on the carbon steel square plate. The ultrasonic energy is precisely focused on the root area of ​​the burr. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor 515, electrically connected to the three-dimensional base 511, is fixedly installed on the Y-shaped tool head 514. The pressure sensor 515 monitors the contact pressure between the Y-shaped tool head 514 and the burr root in real time and feeds the signal back to the servo drive system of the three-dimensional base 511, forming a closed-loop force control. The force control feedback of the pressure sensor 515 uses a PID control algorithm to maintain the contact pressure within the range of 0.5-2.0N, ensuring good contact between the Y-shaped tool head 514 and the burr root while avoiding damage to the carbon steel square plate material.

[0037] The etching mechanism 52 includes an extension truss 521 fixedly mounted on the rear side of the machine base 1. A laser profilometer 522 and a high-pressure nozzle 525 corresponding to the edge of the carbon steel square plate are movably mounted on the extension truss 521. The laser profilometer 522 uses triangulation to acquire three-dimensional profile data of the carbon steel square plate edge, with a scanning frequency of not less than 50Hz, enabling real-time tracking of the distribution and shape of edge burrs. An explosion-proof container 523 for loading a chemical softener and unidirectionally connecting to the high-pressure nozzle 525 is fixedly mounted on the extension truss 521. A movable slide 524, electrically connected to the laser profilometer 522 and fixedly mounted on the high-pressure nozzle 525, is also movably mounted on the extension truss 521. The movable slide 524 is driven by a servo motor mounted on the extension truss 521, precisely controlling the spray trajectory and spray angle of the high-pressure nozzle 525 based on the edge morphology data obtained by the laser profilometer 522.

[0038] It is worth noting that, based on the feedback data from the laser profilometer 522, the movable slide 524 controls the spray point of the high-pressure nozzle 525 to always be aligned with the microcrack area at the root of the burr, and the spray angle is set to be at an angle of 30°-45° with the normal direction of the burr root, so as to facilitate the penetration of the chemical softener along the microcrack.

[0039] Experiment 2: The effect of pretreatment fixture 5 on burr removal efficiency and surface quality Carbon steel square plates with burrs of 0.5mm height were selected and processed using both traditional direct grinding (control group) and pretreatment fixture 5 (experimental group). Subsequently, grinding was performed using a grinder 3 with identical parameters, and grinding time, tool wear (weighed using a high-precision electronic balance), and the surface roughness (Ra) of the ground edges were recorded. The experimental results are as follows: Group Polishing time (s / side) Grinding head wear of grinder 3 (mg) Height of residual burrs on the edge after polishing (mm) Edge surface roughness Ra (μm) control group 45 120 0.12 3.2 experimental group 18 35 0.00 (Completely removed) 0.8 Data Summary: In the control group, direct grinding resulted in a grinding time of up to 45 seconds per side due to the tight bond between the burr root and the base material, high toughness, and significant grinding resistance. Furthermore, the grinding head of grinder 3 experienced severe wear (120mg). Due to burr residue (0.12mm), the surface roughness of the edge only reached Ra3.2μm. In contrast, the experimental group first focused high-frequency ultrasonic energy onto the burr root using the Y-shaped tool head 514 of the high-vibration mechanism 51, generating microcracks through fatigue effects and forming an easily peelable interface. Subsequently, the acid etching mechanism 52 precisely guided the high-pressure nozzle 525 through the laser profilometer 522 to spray a chemical softener containing surfactant and dilute hydrochloric acid into the microcrack area. Under the wetting effect of the surfactant, the softener rapidly penetrated along the microcracks, while the dilute hydrochloric acid preferentially corroded the stress concentration area at the crack tip, weakening the fracture toughness of the burr root. Under this synergistic effect, the bonding strength between the burrs and the carbon steel square plate drops sharply, the subsequent grinding time is shortened to 18s, the wear of the grinding head is only 35mg, the burrs are completely removed, and the surface roughness of the carbon steel square plate edge is improved to Ra0.8μm.

[0040] The grinder 3 dynamically grinds the burrs on the easily peelable interface until the carbon steel square plate has a clean edge.

[0041] Elastic wedge-shaped clamps 453 are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the load-bearing long plate 43, and extended straight plates 462 are symmetrically distributed on the other two sides of the load-bearing long plate 43.

[0042] The pretreatment fixture 5 is located behind the placement table 2, and the high-vibration mechanism 51 is located below the etching mechanism 52. This spatial arrangement of the high-vibration mechanism 51 below the etching mechanism 52 allows the three-dimensional base 511 to retract directly downwards along the Z-axis after ultrasonic fracturing, providing uninterrupted operating space for the moving slide 524 and high-pressure nozzle 525 of the etching mechanism 52. Simultaneously, this arrangement allows the high-vibration mechanism 51 and the etching mechanism 52 to share the same workpiece positioning reference, eliminating the need to readjust the carbon steel square plate's orientation to switch between pretreatment processes.

[0043] The chemical softener is a mixed solution containing a surfactant and dilute hydrochloric acid. Specifically, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is selected, with a mass percentage concentration of 0.5%-1.5%. Its main function is to reduce the surface tension of the chemical softener and enhance its wetting and penetration ability along microcracks. The dilute hydrochloric acid has a mass percentage concentration of 5%-10%, which effectively corrodes the metal structure at the microcrack tip without causing excessive corrosion to the carbon steel square plate substrate. A corrosion inhibitor is also added to the mixed solution to suppress the corrosion rate of the dilute hydrochloric acid on the carbon steel square plate substrate, ensuring that the stress corrosion effect only acts on the microcrack area at the burr root.

[0044] It should be noted that the specific models and specifications of the grinder 3, pressure sensing touch switch 466, ultrasonic generator 512, pressure sensor 515, and laser profilometer 522 need to be selected and determined according to the actual specifications of the device. The specific selection and calculation methods adopt existing technology in this field, so they will not be elaborated here.

[0045] The functional principle of this invention can be explained by the following operation: First, a carbon steel square plate with burrs on the edge is placed horizontally on the load plate 22. The moving lifting bracket 41 is controlled to operate so that the locking mechanism 45 is aligned with the carbon steel square plate, and at the same time, the extension straight plate 462 extends into the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate.

[0046] Secondly, the drive slider 44 is controlled to move. On the one hand, the drive slider 44 drives the two elastic wedge clamps 453 to move towards the carbon steel square plate through the T-shaped carrier plate 451. At the same time, because the pressure wedge block 454 applies pressure to limit the elastic wedge clamps 453, the two elastic wedge clamps 453 move towards each other in the vertical direction along the first guide elongated hole 452 until they clamp the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate. On the other hand, the drive slider 44 is driven to move towards the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate through the traction connecting rod 463. When the powerful suction cup 464 on the extension straight plate 462 contacts the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate, the pressure sensing touch switch 466 senses and controls the hydraulic drive 467 to run, so that the pressure boosting piston 468 moves backward and draws out the air between the powerful suction cup 464 and the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate, so as to achieve flexible contact between the powerful suction cup 464 and the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate.

[0047] It is important to note that the movement of the drive slider 44 is controlled in a closed loop by the control system based on the actual dimensional parameters of the carbon steel square plate. First, the width and wall thickness data of the carbon steel square plate are acquired using a matching laser rangefinder sensor, and the endpoint position of the drive slider 44's stroke is calculated accordingly. During clamping, the clamping force of the elastic wedge-shaped clamping plate 453 is monitored by a matching miniature pressure sensor. When the clamping force reaches a preset threshold, the drive slider 44 stops moving forward and maintains its position, achieving precise control of the clamping force.

[0048] Next, the pressure sensor 515 senses and controls the operation of the three-dimensional base 511, causing the Y-shaped tool head 514 to be movably mounted on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The ultrasonic generator 512 is activated, and the amplitude transformer 513 amplifies the ultrasonic amplitude. The Y-shaped tool head 514 focuses energy on the root of the burr, causing micro-cracks to form an easily peelable interface due to fatigue or stress concentration in the material. During this process, a powerful suction cup 464 provides buffer support for the carbon steel square plate to reduce the impact of high-frequency vibration. The movement trajectory of the three-dimensional base 511 is planned according to the pre-scanned contour of the carbon steel square plate edge by the laser profilometer 522. As the Y-shaped tool head 514 moves along the edge, the pressure sensor 515 monitors the contact pressure in real time. When the contact pressure deviates from the set range, the Z-axis module of the three-dimensional base 511 performs micro-motion compensation to ensure that the Y-shaped tool head 514 maintains a constant contact state with the root of the burr, ensuring the consistency of ultrasonic energy input.

[0049] Then, the laser profilometer 522 searches for and locates the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The movable slide 524 drives the high-pressure nozzle 525 to spray a chemical softener onto the easily peelable interface of the carbon steel square plate edge. The chemical softener penetrates along the micro-cracks, preferentially corroding the micro-crack tips, reducing the bonding strength between the burrs and the edge of the carbon steel square plate, thus creating conditions for subsequent cleaning. It should be noted that the laser profilometer 522 scans the burr root area again before spraying to accurately identify the distribution location of the micro-cracks generated after ultrasonic fracturing, and sends the coordinate data to the servo drive system of the movable slide 524. The movable slide 524 drives the high-pressure nozzle 525 to perform scanning spraying according to the preset spray path. During the spraying process, the laser profilometer 522 simultaneously monitors the coverage of the chemical softener; if there are uncovered areas, the control system automatically performs a re-spraying operation.

[0050] Finally, the locking mechanism 45 and the stress mechanism 46 are moved upward using the movable lifting bracket 41, and the load-bearing shaft 42 is rotated on the movable lifting bracket 41, so that the edge of the carbon steel square plate is vertically downward. The lifting plate 24 is vertically raised on the placement platform 2, and the grinding machine 3 is moved left and right using the load-bearing base 25 to grind the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. In some embodiments, the rotation angle of the load-bearing shaft 42 is set according to the number of edges of the carbon steel square plate. For carbon steel square plates that need to be ground on all four sides, the load-bearing shaft 42 rotates 180° after grinding one set of opposite edges, and then pre-processes and grinds another set of opposite edges. During the grinding process, the feed speed of the grinding machine 3 and the moving speed of the load-bearing base 25 are linked through the control system to ensure uniform grinding. The lifting height of the lifting plate 24 is dynamically compensated according to the wear of the grinding head of the grinder 3, so that the grinding head always acts on the root of the burr with a constant contact pressure.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device, comprising a machine base (1), a placement table (2) for initially placing a hollow carbon steel square plate is provided in the middle of the machine base (1), and a grinding tool (3) for grinding burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate is installed on the placement table (2), characterized in that, The machine base (1) is provided with: a limit adjustment fixture (4), the limit adjustment fixture (4) consists of two sets, symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the placement platform (2), the limit adjustment fixture (4) includes a locking mechanism (45) and a stress mechanism (46), the locking mechanism (45) includes a set of elastic wedge-shaped clamps (453) that move towards each other to rigidly clamp the outer walls of the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate, the stress mechanism (46) includes a set of powerful suction cups (464) that move in the opposite direction to flexibly abut the inner walls of the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate to buffer against the high-frequency vibration. The pretreatment fixture (5) includes a high-vibration mechanism (51) for ultrasonic cracking treatment of the burr root and an acid etching mechanism (52) for providing chemical softener. The high-vibration mechanism (51) includes a Y-shaped tool head (514) that is sleeved on the edge of a carbon steel square plate and vibrates at high frequency to cause cracks at the burr root. The acid etching mechanism (52) includes a high-pressure nozzle (525) for spraying chemical softener into the crack. The limiting adjustment fixture (4) drives the fixed carbon steel square plate to achieve lifting and flipping posture adjustment. The high vibration mechanism (51) and the acid etching mechanism (52) form a stress corrosion synergy effect to reduce the fracture toughness of the material at the root of the burr, so that the burr part on the edge of the carbon steel square plate forms an easy peeling interface. The grinder (3) dynamically grinds the burrs on the easy peeling interface until the carbon steel square plate obtains a clean edge.

2. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The placement platform (2) includes a load plate (22) set on the machine base (1), and a clearance slot (23) is provided in the middle of the load plate (22) to provide displacement and lifting space for the grinder (3).

3. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limit adjustment fixture (4) also includes a movable lifting bracket (41) movably mounted on the machine base (1). A load-bearing shaft (42) is rotatably mounted on the movable lifting bracket (41). A load-bearing long plate (43) for setting the locking mechanism (45) and the stress mechanism (46) is integrally connected to the load-bearing shaft (42).

4. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic wedge-shaped clamps (453) are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the load-bearing long plate (43) along its length. Extended straight plates (462) for installing powerful suction cups (464) are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the load-bearing long plate (43).

5. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The load-bearing shaft (42) is slidably fitted with a drive slider (44) for moving the elastic wedge-shaped clamp (453) and the extension straight plate (462).

6. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pretreatment fixture (5) is located behind the placement table (2), and the high vibration mechanism (51) is located below the acid etching mechanism (52).

7. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-vibration mechanism (51) includes a three-dimensional base (511) movably mounted on the machine base (1). An ultrasonic generator (512) is fixedly mounted on the three-dimensional base (511), and an amplitude transformer (513) is connected to the ultrasonic generator (512) and fixedly connected to a Y-shaped tool head (514). A pressure sensor (515) that is electrically connected to the three-dimensional base (511) is fixedly mounted on the Y-shaped tool head (514).

8. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The etching mechanism (52) includes an extension truss (521) fixedly installed on the rear side of the machine base (1). A laser profilometer (522) corresponding to the edge of the carbon steel square plate is movably installed on the extension truss (521). An explosion-proof container (523) for loading chemical softener and unidirectionally connected to the high-pressure nozzle (525) is fixedly installed on the extension truss (521). A movable slide (524) that is electrically connected to the laser profilometer (522) and fixedly installed on the high-pressure nozzle (525) is movably installed on the extension truss (521).

9. The hollow steel plate edge grinding device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The chemical softener is a mixed solution containing a surfactant and dilute hydrochloric acid.

10. The hollow steel plate edge grinding processing device and its method of use according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method of use includes the following steps: Step S1: Place the carbon steel square plate with burrs on the edge horizontally on the load plate (22), control the movement of the lifting bracket (41) to make the locking mechanism (45) align with the carbon steel square plate, and at the same time make the extension straight plate (462) extend into the openings at both ends of the carbon steel square plate. Step S2, control the drive slider (44) to move, so that the two elastic wedge-shaped clamps (453) move towards each other in the vertical direction until they clamp the outer wall of the carbon steel square plate. At the same time, the powerful suction cup (464) on the extended straight plate (462) contacts the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate and extracts the air between the powerful suction cup (464) and the inner wall of the carbon steel square plate to achieve flexible contact. Step S3: The pressure sensor (515) senses and controls the operation of the three-dimensional base (511), so that the Y-shaped tool head (514) is movably sleeved on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. The ultrasonic generator (512) is turned on, the amplitude rod (513) amplifies the ultrasonic amplitude, and the Y-shaped tool head (514) focuses the energy on the root of the burr, so that the material at the root of the burr produces micro-cracks and forms an easy-to-peel interface. Step S4: Use a laser profilometer (522) to search for and locate the edge of the carbon steel square plate. Use a movable slide (524) to drive a high-pressure nozzle (525) to the easily peelable interface of the edge of the carbon steel square plate and spray a chemical softener into the crack area. The chemical softener penetrates along the microcracks and preferentially corrodes the tip of the microcracks, reducing the bonding strength between the burrs and the edge of the carbon steel square plate, thus creating conditions for subsequent cleaning. Step S5: Control the load-bearing shaft (42) to rotate on the movable lifting bracket (41) so that the edge of the carbon steel square plate to be ground is in a vertical downward position. Control the grinding machine (3) on the placement table (2) to adjust the lifting and left and right displacement movements to grind the burrs on the edge of the carbon steel square plate. After grinding, reset to a horizontal position and release the clamp to remove the carbon steel square plate.

Images