A mineral casting support type direct drive grinding tool unit and a method of use

Abstract

The application provides a mineral casting support type direct drive grinding tool unit and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of grinding tools, and comprises a column, a main shaft box body is arranged below the front end of the column, a damping module is arranged in the main shaft box body, a direct drive motor is arranged in the damping module, a base is arranged at the front end of the direct drive motor, and an annular shaft sleeve is arranged at the front end of the base. The base and the annular shaft sleeve are arranged, the main shaft displacement monitoring module in a multi-point pair composed of an octagonal module, a deflection sensing module and an eddy current displacement sensor is arranged in the base and the annular shaft sleeve, the multi-point multi-circle distributed monitoring module composed of an embedded module, an inner lining module and an optical fiber type infrared temperature sensor is matched, when the main shaft is monitored in terms of deflection and temperature, the main shaft is not contacted, there is no wear and no friction heat, the dynamic characteristics of the main shaft are not affected, meanwhile, the overall structure of the main shaft is not damaged, the accuracy of monitoring is greatly improved, and the subsequent maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding tool technology, and in particular to a mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The direct-drive grinding tool unit is the core component of a metal cutting machine tool that holds the cutting tool or workpiece to perform cutting operations. Its performance has a decisive impact on the machining accuracy and efficiency of the machine tool.

[0003] The direct-drive torque motor in existing direct-drive grinding tool units generates pulsating axial and radial forces through its internal magnetic field. These forces, acting as a disturbance load, act on the bearings through the lever arm, causing the spindle to tilt slightly during grinding, affecting machining accuracy. At the same time, in high-speed grinding, the direct-drive grinding spindle has particularly prominent internal heat generation issues due to its high motor integration and power density. Heat is conducted along the front end of the spindle, causing thermal elongation and thermal deformation, directly affecting machining accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the spindle tilt and heat transfer.

[0004] Currently, existing spindle skew measurement mainly employs contact-based methods, such as stylus displacement gauges and lever micrometers. These methods involve direct contact between the probe and the rotating spindle, leading to frictional heat generation and mechanical wear. Long-term use results in decreased accuracy, and the contact force may affect the spindle's dynamic characteristics, failing to accurately reflect the true spindle skew amount. Secondly, existing temperature monitoring methods often involve embedding single-point thermocouples inside the bearing housing or motor stator. This single-point measurement cannot reflect the temperature distribution and heat conduction gradient along the spindle's axial direction. Furthermore, sensor installation requires penetration into the spindle's interior, altering its structure and causing maintenance difficulties. Therefore, this application provides a mineral casting-supported direct-drive grinding tool unit and its usage method to meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mineral casting-supported direct-drive grinding tool unit and its usage method. This solves the problem of direct contact between the probe and the rotating spindle in existing contact-type skew monitoring methods, which leads to frictional heat generation and mechanical wear, resulting in decreased accuracy over long-term use. Furthermore, the contact force may affect the dynamic characteristics of the spindle, failing to accurately reflect the true amount of spindle skew. Secondly, existing temperature monitoring methods often involve embedding a single-point thermocouple inside the bearing housing or motor stator. This single-point measurement cannot reflect the temperature distribution and heat conduction gradient along the spindle's axial direction. Additionally, sensor installation requires penetration into the spindle, altering its structure and causing maintenance difficulties.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A mineral casting supported direct-drive grinding tool unit includes a column, a spindle housing located below the front end of the column, a vibration damping module inside the spindle housing, a direct-drive motor inside the vibration damping module, a base at the front end of the direct-drive motor, an annular bushing at the front end of the base, a grinding wheel at the front end of the direct-drive motor spindle, an octagonal module at the center of the inner side of the base, a support ring at the lower end of the octagonal module, a pressure ring at the upper end of the octagonal module, skew sensing modules annularly distributed inside the octagonal module, an eddy current displacement sensor at the front end of the skew sensing module, an embedded module inside the annular bushing, an inner liner module inside the embedded module, fiber optic infrared temperature sensors annularly distributed inside the embedded module, and a connecting module at the center of the outer end of the embedded module.

[0007] Preferably, the vibration damping module includes a central cylinder, abutment rings, reinforcing rings, and reinforcing holes. Abutment rings are provided on the front and rear sides of the outer end of the central cylinder, and reinforcing rings are provided on the front and rear sides of the abutment rings. A reinforcing hole is provided on the outer end of the reinforcing ring.

[0008] Preferably, the base includes a base body, a vibration damping pad, a slot, and a shaft through hole. The vibration damping pad is provided in the middle of the rear end of the base body, the slot is provided in the inner ring of the base body, and the shaft through hole is provided in the middle of both the base body and the vibration damping pad.

[0009] Preferably, the annular bushing includes a bushing body, a contact plate, and an inner groove. The rear end of the bushing body is provided with a contact plate. The bushing body and the contact plate are integrally formed, and the inner groove is annularly formed inside the integral structure.

[0010] Preferably, the octagonal module includes a ring block, an annular groove, corner blocks, an inlet hole, and an outlet hole. An annular groove is provided above the outer end of the ring block, and corner blocks are distributed in a ring around the outer end of the ring block. An inlet hole is provided in the middle of the upper end of the corner blocks, and an outlet hole is provided on the rear side of the outer end of the ring block.

[0011] Preferably, the deflection sensing module includes a base cylinder, a preamplifier, an adjusting rod, an adjusting thread, and a fixing plate. The preamplifier is located inside the base cylinder, the adjusting rod is located at the front end of the preamplifier, the adjusting thread is located on the front side of the outer end of the adjusting rod, and the fixing plate is located at the front end of the adjusting rod.

[0012] Preferably, the embedded module includes a front ring, a middle ring, a rear ring, protrusions, mounting holes, and mating holes. The middle ring is located behind the front ring, and the rear ring is located behind the middle ring. The front ring, middle ring, and rear ring are the same size and shape. Protrusions are distributed in a ring on the outer ends of the front ring, middle ring, and rear ring. Mounting holes are provided in a ring on the inner sides of the front ring, middle ring, and rear ring. Furthermore, mating holes are provided in a ring at the rear end of the front ring and at both ends of the middle and rear rings.

[0013] Preferably, the inner lining module includes an inner lining sleeve and positioning holes. The inner lining sleeve has an integral structure, and positioning holes are circumferentially formed on the front, middle and rear sides of the outer end of the inner lining sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting module includes a hollow connecting rod, a threaded groove, and an adjusting knob. Threaded grooves are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outer end of the hollow connecting rod, and an adjusting knob is provided at the outer end of the threaded groove.

[0015] A method for using a mineral casting-supported direct-drive grinding tool unit includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the front and rear structures of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor with the inner liner as the boundary by using the positioning holes on the outer end of the inner liner module. Then, thread the rear structure of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor together with the front ring, middle ring and rear ring through the mounting holes. Step 2: Then, lay the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor installed in the inner ring of the front ring, middle ring and rear ring along the hollow connecting rod until it passes through the docking hole opened in the rear ring. Then, embed the structure of the embedded module, inner liner module and connecting module into the inside of the ring bushing to form a multi-point multi-ring distributed monitoring module. Step 3: Assemble the skew sensing module with the front-end eddy current displacement sensor. Connect the preamplifier inside the skew sensing module and the eddy current displacement sensor through the wiring inside the adjusting rod. Then, fix the assembly structure of the skew sensing module and the eddy current displacement sensor to the inside of the octagonal module at a ring-shaped installation angle to form an integrated structure. Subsequently, use a support ring and a pressure ring to clamp the integrated structure into the base to form a centered spindle displacement monitoring module. At the same time, before embedding and installing, pass the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor inside the ring sleeve through the inlet hole into the octagonal module and integrate it with the wiring of the spindle displacement monitoring module inside the base. Then, pass them out through the outlet hole and the wire hole at the outside of the base and connect them to the external control equipment. Step 4: Assemble the base with the spindle displacement monitoring module and the annular bushing with the multi-point multi-turn distributed monitoring module, and reinforce them to the front end of the direct drive motor with bolts. The spindle passes through the interior of the base and annular bushing assembly structure from back to front and extends out from the front opening of the annular bushing. Then, assemble the spindle with the grinding wheel. Step 5: When it is necessary to monitor spindle skew, the skew sensing module and eddy current displacement sensor, which are set inside the octagonal module, are distributed along the outer side of the spindle root at an annular symmetrical angle. The probe end face of the eddy current displacement sensor maintains an initial gap with the outer circular surface of the spindle, and the probe does not contact the spindle surface. Step Six: A high-frequency alternating current is generated by the internal oscillation circuit of the preamplifier in the skew sensing module. This current flows into the eddy current displacement sensor through the internal circuit of the adjustment rod. The induction coil inside the front probe of the sensor generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. When the high-frequency alternating magnetic field acts on the spindle surface, a vertical induced current is generated on the spindle surface according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the spindle rotates normally, the distance values ​​measured by each eddy current displacement sensor remain stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial skew, runout, or bending, the gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor closer to the skew direction and the spindle surface decreases, and the output signal increases. The gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor farther from the skew direction and the spindle surface increases, and the output signal decreases. By analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors, the external control equipment can calculate the instantaneous spindle center position, radial runout, tilt angle, and spindle center trajectory in real time. When the monitored value exceeds the preset threshold, the system issues a warning signal to prompt the operator to handle it in time. Step 7: When it is necessary to monitor the spindle temperature, a multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is formed by the set annular bushing, in conjunction with the embedded module, liner module, fiber optic infrared temperature sensor and connection module installed inside it. The multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is coaxially installed with the spindle of the direct drive motor, and the annularly distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensors maintain a set distance from the spindle surface. When the machine tool is cold, the initial temperature value of the spindle monitored by each fiber optic infrared temperature sensor is recorded and stored in the data processing unit as reference data. Step 8: During the operation of the grinding unit, the heat generated by the direct drive motor is conducted along the spindle axis to the front end, and the temperature of each axial position of the spindle rises. Its surface emits infrared radiation outward. The infrared radiation of the corresponding spindle surface is received in real time by the ring-distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensors, converted into temperature values, and these data are input to the external control equipment for display through external lines so that the operator can observe in real time and perform subsequent processing.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: In the above scheme, an octagonal module is used to symmetrically install eight sets of skew sensing modules inside. Each set of skew sensing modules, along with an eddy current displacement sensor mounted at its front end, forms a multi-point aligned spindle displacement monitoring module inside the base. This multi-point aligned spindle displacement monitoring module is then fixedly installed at the front end of the direct drive motor, forming a coaxial installation angle with the spindle. During operation, the skew sensing module's internal preamplifier, in conjunction with the eddy current displacement sensor, generates eddy currents on the spindle surface. When the spindle rotates normally, the eddy currents measured by each eddy current displacement sensor are stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial skew... As the gap between the eddy current displacement sensor closer to the deflection direction and the spindle surface decreases, the output signal increases; conversely, the gap between the eddy current displacement sensor farther from the deflection direction and the spindle surface increases, resulting in a smaller output signal. By analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors, the external control equipment can calculate the instantaneous spindle center position, radial runout, tilt angle, and spindle center trajectory in real time. Compared to traditional contact monitoring, this method of monitoring deflection does not come into contact with the spindle, thus eliminating mechanical wear and frictional heat. The accuracy remains unchanged over long-term use, accurately reflecting the true amount of spindle deflection.

[0017] Through the embedded module, with its internal front, middle, and rear rings, along with their respective internally distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensors, three temperature monitoring zones are formed: front, middle, and rear. To ensure accurate temperature monitoring, an inner bushing is installed inside the embedded module, and its inner wall is coated with a high-emissivity blackbody coating to create a light-free, sealed cavity. This structure is then assembled to form a multi-point, multi-ring distributed monitoring module, which is embedded inside the annular bushing. The annular bushing is subsequently assembled and reinforced with the base, ensuring the multi-point, multi-ring distributed monitoring module is coaxially mounted with the spindle. During the grinding unit's operation... The heat generated by the direct drive motor is conducted axially towards the front end of the spindle, causing the temperature at each axial position of the spindle to rise. The surface of the spindle emits infrared radiation outward. The infrared radiation from the corresponding spindle surface is received in real time by a multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module, converted into temperature values, and then input to an external control device for analysis via an external line. The terminal displays the spindle temperature field distribution, axial temperature gradient, temperature rise rate, and predicted thermal elongation value in real time. Compared with traditional single-point monitoring, this provides a clearer reflection of the spindle's axial temperature distribution and heat conduction gradient, achieving a leap from point temperature measurement to field temperature measurement. Furthermore, it does not require damaging the spindle structure, making subsequent maintenance easier.

[0018] In summary, this invention, through the arrangement of a base and annular bushing, respectively, houses a multi-point aligned spindle displacement monitoring module composed of an octagonal module, a skew sensing module, and an eddy current displacement sensor. This is complemented by a multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module composed of an embedded module, an inner liner module, a connecting module, and a fiber optic infrared temperature sensor. When monitoring spindle skew and temperature, this module does not contact the spindle, resulting in no wear, no frictional heat, and no impact on the spindle's dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, it does not damage the overall structure of the spindle, significantly improving monitoring accuracy and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly of the spindle box, vibration damping module, direct drive motor, base and annular bushing; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the spindle box; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure assembly of the vibration damping module; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly of the direct drive motor, base, annular bushing and grinding wheel; Figure 6 An exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the base and annular bushing; Figure 7 An exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the direct drive motor, base, annular bushing, octagonal module and skew sensing module; Figure 8 For the appendix Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of a local structure at point A; Figure 9 An exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the octagonal module, support ring, pressure ring, skew sensing module, and eddy current displacement sensor; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly of the octagonal module, the skew sensing module, and the eddy current displacement sensor. Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the deflection sensing module; Figure 12 This is a front view cross-sectional schematic diagram of the annular bushing, embedded module, inner liner module, and fiber optic infrared temperature sensor. Figure 13 An exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the embedded module, the inner lining module, and the connecting module; Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the 3D structure of the embedded module; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the inner lining module; Figure 16A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a fiber optic infrared temperature sensor; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure assembly of the connecting module.

[0020] [Figure Labels] 1. Column; 2. Spindle box; 3. Vibration damping module; 301. Center cylinder; 302. Abutment ring; 303. Reinforcing ring; 304. Reinforcing hole; 4. Direct drive motor; 5. Base; 501. Base body; 502. Vibration damping pad; 503. Slot; 504. Shaft through hole; 6. Annular bushing; 601. Bushing body; 602. Contact plate; 603. Embedded groove; 7. Grinding wheel; 8. Octagonal module; 801. Ring block; 802. Annular groove; 803. Corner block; 804. Cable inlet hole; 805. Cable outlet hole; 9. Support ring; 10. Pressure ring; 11. Tilt sensing module; 111. Base cylinder; 112. Preamplifier; 113. Adjusting rod; 114. Adjusting thread; 115. Fixing plate; 12. Eddy current displacement sensor; 13. Embedded module; 131. Front ring; 132. Middle ring; 133. Rear ring; 134. Protrusion; 135. Mounting hole; 136. Docking hole; 14. Liner module; 141. Inner sleeve; 142. Positioning hole; 15. Fiber optic infrared temperature sensor; 16. Connecting module; 161. Hollow connecting rod; 162. Threaded groove; 163. Adjusting knob.

[0021] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following is a detailed description of a mineral casting-supported direct-drive grinding tool unit and its usage method provided by the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments; those skilled in the art can also use other alternative methods to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0024] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0025] It is understood that the meanings of “on”, “above”, and “above” in this invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with an intervening feature or layer, and that “above” or “above” means not only “on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something without an intervening feature or layer.

[0026] Furthermore, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” are used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device other than those depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein can be interpreted similarly.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 17As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit, including a column 1, a spindle housing 2 located below the front end of the column 1, a vibration damping module 3 located inside the spindle housing 2, a direct drive motor 4 located inside the vibration damping module 3, a base 5 located at the front end of the direct drive motor 4, an annular bushing 6 located at the front end of the base 5, a grinding wheel 7 located at the front end of the spindle of the direct drive motor 4, an octagonal module 8 located in the middle of the inner side of the base 5, a support ring 9 located at the lower end of the octagonal module 8, a pressure ring 10 located at the upper end of the octagonal module 8, and skew sensing modules 11 distributed in a ring on the inner side of the octagonal module 8. The oblique sensing module 11 has an eddy current displacement sensor 12 at its front end. The annular bushing 6 has an embedded module 13 inside. The inner side of the embedded module 13 has an inner liner module 14. The embedded module 13 has fiber optic infrared temperature sensors 15 distributed in a ring inside. The middle of the outer end of the embedded module 13 has a connecting module 16. The vibration damping module 3 includes a central cylinder 301, abutment ring 302, reinforcing ring 303 and reinforcing hole 304. The front and rear sides of the outer end of the central cylinder 301 have abutment rings 302. The front and rear sides of the abutment ring 302 have reinforcing rings 303. The outer end of the reinforcing ring 303 has a reinforcing hole 304 in a ring.

[0028] The column 1 is reinforced with bolts to the spindle housing 2. The spindle housing 2 and the vibration damping module 3 are interlocked. The vibration damping module 3 and the direct drive motor 4 are also interlocked. Bolts are used to limit and fix the front and rear ends of the interlocking structure. The base 5 is reinforced with bolts to the direct drive motor 4. The annular bushing 6 is assembled and spliced ​​with the base 5 with bolts. The grinding wheel 7 is paired with the front end of the spindle of the direct drive motor 4 through a flange and locked with a clamping nut. The outer diameters of the octagonal module 8, the support ring 9, and the lower pressure ring 10 are compatible with each other. At the same time, all three are embedded in the mounting... Inside the base 5, the support ring 9 is on the innermost side, the octagonal module 8 is in the middle, the pressure ring 10 is at the frontmost side, the rear end of the deflection sensing module 11 is reinforced inside the octagonal module 8 with screws, and the front end of the deflection sensing module 11 is fixed to the rear end of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 with screws. The assembly structure of the deflection sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12 has eight sets of symmetrically distributed in a ring inside the octagonal module 8. The inner side of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 is provided with a probe, and the probe is equipped with an induction coil. The embedded module 13 is clamped and embedded in the annular bushing 6. Furthermore, the embedded module 13 consists of three parts: front, middle, and rear. The embedded module 13 and the inner liner module 14 are nested together and connected by a fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15. The fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 consists of a front end structure and a rear end structure. The front end structure and the rear end structure are threaded together, and there is an outer annular groove at the threaded contact end. The outer diameter of the outer annular groove is adapted to the inner diameter of the positioning holes 142 distributed on the outer end of the inner liner module 14. The rear end of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 is threadedly mounted to the embedded module 13. The connecting module 16 is threadedly installed in the middle area of ​​the front, middle and rear parts of the embedded module 13; the expansion coefficient of the material of the central cylinder 301 needs to be selected through rigorous thermodynamic calculations and matched with the middle layer of the expansion coefficient of the materials of the direct drive motor 4 and the spindle housing 2; the outer diameter of the abutment ring 302 is compatible with the inner diameter of the slots opened on both sides of the outer end of the spindle housing 2; the inner diameter of the reinforcing ring 303 is compatible with the outer diameter of the direct drive motor 4; the opening angle and number of the reinforcing holes 304 are compatible with the number and opening angle of the screw holes opened in the annular shape on the front and rear sides of the outer end of the direct drive motor 4.

[0029] During operation, the vibration damping module 3 utilizes the difference in thermal expansion coefficients to achieve an interference fit with the spindle housing 2 and the direct drive motor 4. Specifically, the outer diameter of the central cylinder 301 in the vibration damping module 3 is designed to be slightly larger than the inner diameter of the pre-drilled hole inside the spindle housing 2, while the inner diameter of the central cylinder 301 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the direct drive motor 4. The interference fit is precisely calculated. During assembly, the central cylinder 301 is first cooled with liquid nitrogen, causing it to shrink and its inner diameter to expand. The direct drive motor 4 is then installed inside the central cylinder 301. Once the central cylinder 301 warms up, it generates a strong radial clamping force on the internal direct drive motor 4. Subsequently, when assembling the spindle housing 2 and the central cylinder 301, the spindle housing 2 is first heated to allow its internal... After enlarging the inner diameter of the reserved hole, the assembly structure of the center cylinder 301 and the direct drive motor 4 is sleeved with the spindle housing 2. After the spindle housing 2 warms up, the center cylinder 301 is tightened. Then, the front and rear ends of the assembly structure of the center cylinder 301 and the direct drive motor 4 are limited and tightened by the abutment rings 302 and reinforcing rings 303 at the front and rear ends of the vibration damping module 3 in conjunction with bolts. When the direct drive motor 4 heats up during operation, the thermal expansion of different components is different. The center cylinder 301, as an intermediate layer, can buffer and absorb this difference, avoiding structural deformation or stress concentration caused by thermal expansion mismatch. At the same time, the center cylinder 301, as an intermediate layer, can also quickly transfer the heat generated by the direct drive motor 4, preventing heat from accumulating inside the motor and making the temperature field of the entire system more uniform.

[0030] like Figures 6 to 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the base 5 includes a base body 501, a vibration damping pad 502, a slot 503, and a shaft through hole 504. The vibration damping pad 502 is provided in the middle of the rear end of the base body 501. The slot 503 is annularly formed inside the base body 501. The shaft through hole 504 is provided in the middle of both the base body 501 and the vibration damping pad 502. The octagonal module 8 includes a ring block 801, an annular groove 802, a corner block 803, a wire inlet hole 804, and a wire outlet hole 805. The annular groove 802 is formed above the outer end of the ring block 801. The end ring has corner blocks 803 distributed in a ring. The middle of the upper end of the corner block 803 is provided with an inlet hole 804, and the rear side of the outer end of the ring block 801 is provided with an outlet hole 805. The deflection sensing module 11 includes a base cylinder 111, a preamplifier 112, an adjusting rod 113, an adjusting thread 114, and a fixing plate 115. The preamplifier 112 is provided inside the base cylinder 111. The front end of the preamplifier 112 is provided with an adjusting rod 113. The front side of the outer end of the adjusting rod 113 is provided with an adjusting thread 114, and the front end of the adjusting rod 113 is provided with a fixing plate 115.

[0031] The base 501 is an integral structure, and the vibration damping pad 502 is glued to the base 501. Meanwhile, the rear end of the base 501 has an internal hole, the size of which matches the size of the shaft through hole 504 in the middle of the vibration damping pad 502. The internal diameter of the shaft through hole 504 is slightly larger than the external diameter of the direct drive motor 4 spindle. The slots 503 are symmetrically distributed in a ring, and their internal diameter matches the external diameters of the octagonal module 8, the support ring 9, and the pressure ring 10. The ring block 801 is an integral structure. The structure has a hollow cavity at its lower end. The annular groove 802 and the corner block 803 are mutually adapted. Eight corner blocks 803 are symmetrically distributed in a ring. The corner blocks 803 and the annular block 801 are clamped together. After adjusting to a suitable angle, they are welded for reinforcement. A connecting hole is opened above the contact end of the annular block 801 and the corner block 803. The angle of the connecting hole is a straight line with the angle of the inlet hole 804. At the same time, a hole is opened in the middle of the contact surface between the corner block 803 and the deflection sensing module 11 for the passage of the line. The outlet hole 805 is opened... The angle is designed to match the opening angle of the circular hole in the middle of the upper end of the base 501; the interior of the base cylinder 111 is hollow, with an internal thread on the inner front side of the hollow structure, and a circular hole in the middle of its rear end. The preamplifier 112 is embedded inside the base cylinder 111, and the rear wiring of the preamplifier 112 passes through the circular hole to the outer rear end of the base cylinder 111, entering the interior of the octagonal module 8. At the same time, the front electrical terminal of the preamplifier 112 is connected to the internal wiring of the adjusting rod 113, and the rear end of the adjusting rod 113 extends to the bottom. Inside the cylinder 111, the adjusting thread 114 on the outer side of the front end of the adjusting rod 113 is matched with the internal thread on the inner side of the front of the hollow structure of the bottom cylinder 111, thereby changing the length of the front end of the adjusting rod 113, and thus adjusting the distance between the eddy current displacement sensor 12 and the main shaft. The fixed plate 115 has a hole in the middle so that the internal wiring of the adjusting rod 113 can be connected to the internal wiring of the eddy current displacement sensor 12. At the same time, the adjusting rod 113 and the fixed plate 115 are integrated into one piece.

[0032] During operation, eight sets of skew sensing modules 11 are symmetrically installed inside the octagonal module 8. Each set of skew sensing modules 11 is equipped with an eddy current displacement sensor 12 mounted at its front end, which is embedded inside the base 5 to form a multi-point aligned spindle displacement monitoring module. This multi-point aligned spindle displacement monitoring module is then fixedly mounted at the front end of the direct drive motor 4, forming a coaxial mounting angle with the spindle. During operation, a high-frequency alternating current is generated by the oscillation circuit in the preamplifier 112 inside the skew sensing module 11. This current flows into the eddy current displacement sensor 12 through the wiring inside the adjusting rod 113. The induction coil at the head of the inner probe generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field in the space around the coil. When this high-frequency alternating magnetic field acts on the spindle surface of the direct drive motor 4 located within the magnetic field range, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an induced current, i.e., an eddy current, will be generated on the spindle surface perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. This eddy current will also generate a new alternating magnetic field opposite to the direction of the high-frequency alternating magnetic field. The reaction of the new alternating magnetic field will cause a change in the equivalent impedance of the induction coil at the head of the inner probe of the eddy current displacement sensor 12. The current transmitter 112 continuously monitors the change in the impedance of the probe coil and detects it through internal detection, filtering, and linearization. A compensation and amplification circuit linearly converts this change into a standard electrical signal output. The magnitude of the output signal is proportional to the distance from the probe inside the eddy current displacement sensor 12 to the spindle surface. An external control device receives signals in real time from the probes inside multiple eddy current displacement sensors 12 and the preamplifier 112. During normal spindle rotation, the distance values ​​measured by the probes inside each eddy current displacement sensor 12 remain stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial misalignment, the gap between the eddy current displacement sensor 12 closer to the misalignment direction and the spindle surface decreases, resulting in a larger output signal. The gap between the eddy current displacement sensor 12 and the spindle surface increases as the misalignment direction decreases. As the gap between the sensor 12 and the spindle surface increases, the output signal decreases. By analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors 12, the external control equipment can calculate the instantaneous spindle center position, radial runout, tilt angle, and spindle center trajectory in real time. When the monitored value exceeds the preset threshold, the system issues an early warning signal to prompt the operator to handle it in time. Compared with traditional contact monitoring, this method of monitoring deviation does not contact the spindle, has no wear or frictional heat, does not affect the dynamic characteristics of the spindle, and can effectively ensure that the monitoring accuracy does not change over long-term use, and can accurately reflect the true deviation of the spindle.

[0033] like Figure 6 , Figures 12 to 17As shown, in this embodiment, the annular bushing 6 includes a bushing body 601, a contact plate 602, and an inner groove 603. The contact plate 602 is provided at the rear end of the bushing body 601. The bushing body 601 and the contact plate 602 are integrally formed, and the inner groove 603 is annularly formed inside the integral structure. The embedded module 13 includes a front ring 131, a middle ring 132, a rear ring 133, a protrusion 134, a mounting hole 135, and a mating hole 136. The middle ring 132 is provided behind the front ring 131, and the rear ring 133 is provided behind the middle ring 132. The front ring 131, the middle ring 132, and the rear ring 133 are the same size and shape. The outer ends of each ring are all annularly distributed with protrusions 134. The inner sides of the front ring 131, middle ring 132 and rear ring 133 are all annularly opened with mounting holes 135. Furthermore, the rear end of the front ring 131 and the front and rear ends of the middle ring 132 and rear ring 133 are all annularly opened with docking holes 136. The inner liner module 14 includes an inner liner 141 and positioning holes 142. The inner liner 141 has an integral structure. The front, middle and rear sides of the outer end of the inner liner 141 are all annularly opened with positioning holes 142. The connecting module 16 includes a hollow connecting rod 161, a threaded groove 162 and an adjusting knob 163. The front and rear sides of the outer end of the hollow connecting rod 161 are both opened with threaded grooves 162. The outer end of the threaded groove 162 is provided with an adjusting knob 163.

[0034] The bushing body 601 and the contact plate 602 are integrally structured. The inner grooves 603 are symmetrically distributed in a ring. The inner diameter of the inner grooves 603 is compatible with the outer diameters of the front ring 131, the middle ring 132, and the rear ring 133. The front ring 131, the middle ring 132, and the rear ring 133 are the same size and shape. The only difference is that the mating holes 136 on the outer end of the front ring 131 are only distributed at the rear end, while the front and rear surfaces of the outer ends of the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133 are the same. Each of the three rings—front ring 131, middle ring 132, and rear ring 133—is provided with annular mating holes 136. The outer ends of each ring have annularly distributed protrusions 134. Sixteen protrusions 134 are annularly distributed on the outer ends of the front ring 131, middle ring 132, and rear ring 133. Each of these protrusions 134 has mounting holes 135 on its inward-facing surface. These mounting holes 135 communicate with the annularly distributed mating holes 136. Furthermore, each mounting hole 135 has internal threads for mounting. Equipped with a fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, a multi-point, multi-ring distributed monitoring structure consisting of sixteen fiber optic infrared temperature sensors 15 is formed on the inner sides of the front ring 131, the middle ring 132, and the rear ring 133. The inner bushing 141 is an integral structure, and its inner wall is coated with a high emissivity blackbody coating. After the inner bushing 141 forms an integral structure with the embedded module 13 and the connecting module 16 through the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, it is embedded and installed in the bushing body 60. After 1. Inside, a light-free closed cavity is formed inside the bushing body 601; the distribution angle and number of the positioning holes 142 are matched with the number and angle of the mounting holes 135 on the inner faces of the front ring 131, the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133, which are all annularly distributed with sixteen protrusions 134; the hollow connecting rod 161 has an integral structure, and its interior is hollow. The threaded grooves 162 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right, and the adjusting knob 163 is threadedly connected to the threaded grooves 162.

[0035] During operation, the front and rear structures of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 are assembled sequentially using the inner liner module 14 and the annularly distributed positioning holes 142 as the installation angle, with the inner liner 141 as the boundary. Then, the rear structure of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 is threaded together with the front ring 131, middle ring 132, and rear ring 133 through the mounting holes 135. Simultaneously, since each of the front ring 131, middle ring 132, and rear ring 133 contains sixteen fiber optic infrared temperature sensors 15, a multi-point, multi-ring distributed monitoring module is formed in the front, middle, and rear regions. Furthermore, to improve temperature measurement accuracy and stability, the inner wall of the inner liner 141 is coated with a high-emissivity blackbody coating to form a light-free, sealed cavity. The front ring 131, middle ring 132, and rear ring 133 are then supported and fixed using a hollow connecting rod 161 and an adjusting knob 163. The aforementioned structure is then assembled and embedded inside the annular sleeve 6, and the annular sleeve 6 is assembled and reinforced with the base 5. This allows the multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module inside the annular sleeve 6 to be installed coaxially with the spindle. During the operation of the grinding unit, the heat generated by the direct drive motor 4 is conducted axially towards the front end of the spindle, causing the temperature at each axial position of the spindle to rise. The surface of the spindle emits infrared radiation outward. The multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module receives the infrared radiation from the corresponding position of the spindle surface in real time, converts it into temperature values, and inputs these data to an external control device for analysis via an external line. The terminal displays the spindle temperature field distribution, axial temperature gradient, temperature rise rate, and predicted thermal elongation value in real time. Compared with traditional single-point monitoring, this more clearly reflects the temperature distribution and heat conduction gradient along the spindle axial direction, achieving a leap from point temperature measurement to field temperature measurement. Furthermore, it does not require damaging the spindle structure, making subsequent maintenance easier.

[0036] The electrical components mentioned in this article are all connected to an external main controller and mains power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device such as a computer that provides control.

[0037] A method for using a mineral casting-supported direct-drive grinding tool unit includes the following steps; Step 1: Assemble the front and rear structures of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 with the inner sleeve 141 as the boundary through the positioning hole 142 annularly opened at the outer end of the inner liner module 14. Then, thread the rear structure of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 together with the front ring 131, the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133 through the mounting hole 135. Step 2: Then, the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, which is installed in the inner ring of the front ring 131, the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133, is laid backward along the hollow connecting rod 161 until it passes through the docking hole 136 opened in the ring at the rear end of the rear ring 133. Then, the structure assembled by the embedded module 13, the inner liner module 14 and the connecting module 16 is embedded and installed inside the annular bushing 6 to form a multi-point multi-ring distributed monitoring module. Step 3: Assemble the skew sensing module 11 with the front-end eddy current displacement sensor 12. Connect the preamplifier 112 inside the skew sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12 through the wiring inside the adjusting rod 113. Then, fix the assembly structure of the skew sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12 to the inside of the octagonal module 8 at an annular installation angle to form an integrated structure. Subsequently, use the support ring 9 and the pressure ring 10 to clamp the integrated structure and embed it into the base 5 to form a centered spindle displacement monitoring module. At the same time, before embedding and installing, pass the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 inside the annular bushing 6 through the inlet hole 804 into the octagonal module 8 and integrate it with the wiring of the spindle displacement monitoring module inside the base 5. They then pass out from the outlet hole 805 and the wire hole opened at the outer end of the base 501 and connect to the external control equipment. Step 4: Assemble the base 5, which is equipped with the spindle displacement monitoring module, and the annular bushing 6, which is equipped with the multi-point multi-turn distributed monitoring module, and reinforce it to the front end of the direct drive motor 4 with bolts. The spindle passes through the interior of the assembly structure of the base 5 and the annular bushing 6 from back to front, and extends out from the front opening of the annular bushing 6. Then the spindle is assembled with the grinding wheel 7. Step 5: When it is necessary to monitor spindle skew, the skew sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12, which are set inside the octagonal module 8, are distributed along the annular symmetrical angle on the outside of the spindle root. The probe end face of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 maintains an initial gap with the outer circular surface of the spindle, and the probe does not contact the spindle surface. Step Six: A high-frequency alternating current is generated by the internal oscillation circuit of the preamplifier 112 in the skew sensing module 11. This current flows into the eddy current displacement sensor 12 through the internal circuit of the adjusting rod 113. The induction coil inside the front probe of the sensor generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. When the high-frequency alternating magnetic field acts on the spindle surface, a vertical induced current is generated on the spindle surface according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the spindle rotates normally, the distance values ​​measured by each eddy current displacement sensor 12 remain stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial skew, runout, or bending, the gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 closer to the skew direction and the spindle surface decreases, and the output signal increases. The gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 farther from the skew direction and the spindle surface increases, and the output signal decreases. The external control equipment can calculate the instantaneous spindle center position, radial runout, tilt angle, and spindle center trajectory in real time by analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors 12. When the monitored value exceeds the preset threshold, the system issues a warning signal to prompt the operator to handle it in time. Step 7: When it is necessary to monitor the spindle temperature, a multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is formed by the set annular bushing 6, in conjunction with the embedded module 13, inner liner module 14, fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 and connection module 16 installed inside it. The multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is coaxially installed with the spindle of the direct drive motor 4, and the annularly distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 maintains a set distance from the spindle surface. When the machine tool is cold, the initial temperature value of the spindle monitored by each fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 is recorded and stored in the data processing unit as reference data. Step 8: During the operation of the grinding unit, the heat generated by the direct drive motor 4 is conducted along the spindle axis to the front end, and the temperature of each axial position of the spindle rises. Its surface emits infrared radiation outward. The infrared radiation of the corresponding spindle surface is received in real time by the ring-distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, converted into temperature value, and these data are input to the external control device through the external line for display, so that the operator can observe in real time and perform subsequent processing.

[0038] The working principle of the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: The front and rear structures of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 are assembled with the inner sleeve 141 as the boundary through the positioning hole 142 annularly opened at the outer end of the inner liner module 14. Then, the rear structure of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 is threaded together with the front ring 131, the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133 through the mounting hole 135. Then, the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, which is annularly installed on the inner side of the front ring 131, the middle ring 132 and the rear ring 133, is laid backward along the hollow connecting rod 161 until it passes through the docking hole 136 annularly opened at the rear end of the rear ring 133. At the same time, the skew sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12 are assembled. The assembly is connected and fixed to the inner side of the octagonal module 8 at an annular mounting angle to form an integrated structure. Subsequently, the integrated structure is clamped and installed inside the base 5 using a support ring 9 and a pressure ring 10. When embedded inside the base 5, the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 passes through the inlet hole 804 into the octagonal module 8, and is integrated with the wiring of the skew sensing module 11 and the eddy current displacement sensor 12 inside the base 5. Together, they pass through the outlet hole 805 and the wire hole at the outer end of the base 501, and are connected to the external control equipment. When it is necessary to monitor the spindle skew, a high-frequency alternating current is generated by the oscillation circuit inside the preamplifier 112 in the skew sensing module 11. This current passes through the adjustment rod 113. The circuit flows into the eddy current displacement sensor 12, where a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated by the induction coil inside its front probe. When this magnetic field acts on the spindle surface, a perpendicular induced current is generated on the spindle surface according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. During normal spindle rotation, the distance values ​​measured by each eddy current displacement sensor 12 remain stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial skew, runout, or bending, the gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 closer to the skew direction and the spindle surface decreases, resulting in a larger output signal. Conversely, the gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor 12 farther from the skew direction and the spindle surface increases, resulting in a smaller output signal. External control equipment can calculate the instantaneous axis of the spindle in real time by analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors 12. The system monitors spindle position, radial runout, tilt angle, and spindle trajectory. When the monitored values ​​exceed preset thresholds, the system issues an early warning signal, prompting the operator to handle the situation promptly. Secondly, when spindle temperature monitoring is required, a multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is formed by the annular bushing 6, along with its internally installed embedded module 13, liner module 14, fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15, and connecting module 16. This multi-point, multi-turn distributed monitoring module is coaxially mounted with the spindle of the direct-drive motor 4, and the annularly distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensors 15 maintain a set distance from the spindle surface. In a cold state, the initial temperature values ​​of the spindle monitored by each fiber optic infrared temperature sensor 15 are recorded and stored as reference data in the data processing unit. This data is then used during the grinding unit's operation.The heat generated by the direct-drive motor 4 is conducted axially towards the front end of the spindle, causing the temperature at each axial position of the spindle to rise. The spindle surface emits infrared radiation outwards. The infrared radiation from the corresponding spindle surface is received in real-time by a ring-shaped distribution of fiber optic infrared temperature sensors 15, converted into temperature values, and then input to an external control device for display. This allows operators to observe the data in real-time and perform subsequent processing.

[0039] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct-drive grinding tool unit supported by a mineral casting, characterized in that, Includes a column (1), a spindle housing (2) located below the front end of the column (1), a vibration damping module (3) located inside the spindle housing (2), a direct drive motor (4) located inside the vibration damping module (3), a base (5) located at the front end of the direct drive motor (4), an annular bushing (6) located at the front end of the base (5), a grinding wheel (7) located at the front end of the spindle of the direct drive motor (4), an octagonal module (8) located in the middle of the inner side of the base (5), and a support ring (9) located at the lower end of the octagonal module (8). The upper end of the octagonal module (8) is provided with a pressure ring (10). The inner side of the octagonal module (8) is provided with a skew sensing module (11). The front end of the skew sensing module (11) is provided with an eddy current displacement sensor (12). The inside of the annular bushing (6) is provided with an embedded module (13). The inside of the embedded module (13) is provided with an inner liner module (14). The inside of the embedded module (13) is provided with a fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15). The middle part of the outer end of the embedded module (13) is provided with a connecting module (16).

2. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration damping module (3) includes a central cylinder (301), abutment ring (302), reinforcing ring (303) and reinforcing hole (304). Abutment rings (302) are provided on the front and rear sides of the outer end of the central cylinder (301). Reinforcing rings (303) are provided on the front and rear sides of the abutment ring (302). Reinforcing hole (304) is provided on the outer end of the reinforcing ring (303).

3. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (5) includes a base body (501), a vibration damping pad (502), a slot (503), and a shaft through hole (504). The vibration damping pad (502) is provided in the middle of the rear end of the base body (501). The slot (503) is provided in the annular shape inside the base body (501). The shaft through hole (504) is provided in the middle of both the base body (501) and the vibration damping pad (502).

4. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular bushing (6) includes a bushing body (601), a contact plate (602) and an inner groove (603). The rear end of the bushing body (601) is provided with a contact plate (602). The bushing body (601) and the contact plate (602) are integrated into one structure, and the inner groove (603) is annularly opened inside the integrated structure.

5. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The octagonal module (8) includes a ring block (801), an annular groove (802), corner blocks (803), a wire inlet hole (804), and a wire outlet hole (805). The annular groove (802) is provided above the outer end of the ring block (801). Corner blocks (803) are distributed in annularly at the outer end of the ring block (801). The wire inlet hole (804) is provided in the middle of the upper end of the corner block (803). The wire outlet hole (805) is provided on the rear side of the outer end of the ring block (801).

6. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The skew sensing module (11) includes a base cylinder (111), a preamplifier (112), an adjusting rod (113), an adjusting thread (114), and a fixing plate (115). The base cylinder (111) is equipped with a preamplifier (112). The front end of the preamplifier (112) is equipped with an adjusting rod (113). The front side of the outer end of the adjusting rod (113) is equipped with an adjusting thread (114). The front end of the adjusting rod (113) is equipped with a fixing plate (115).

7. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded module (13) includes a front ring (131), a middle ring (132), a rear ring (133), a protrusion (134), a mounting hole (135), and a mating hole (136). The middle ring (132) is located behind the front ring (131), and the rear ring (133) is located behind the middle ring (132). The front ring (131), the middle ring (132), and the rear ring (133) are similar in size and shape. Similarly, the outer ends of the front ring (131), the middle ring (132) and the rear ring (133) are all provided with protrusions (134) in an annular shape. The inner sides of the front ring (131), the middle ring (132) and the rear ring (133) are all provided with mounting holes (135) in an annular shape. Furthermore, the rear end of the front ring (131) and the front and rear ends of the middle ring (132) and the rear ring (133) are all provided with docking holes (136) in an annular shape.

8. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner lining module (14) includes an inner lining sleeve (141) and a positioning hole (142). The inner lining sleeve (141) is an integral structure, and the positioning hole (142) is provided on the front, middle and rear sides of the outer end of the inner lining sleeve (141).

9. The mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting module (16) includes a hollow connecting rod (161), a threaded groove (162) and an adjusting knob (163). The hollow connecting rod (161) has threaded grooves (162) on both the front and rear sides of its outer end, and the threaded grooves (162) have adjusting knobs (163) on their outer ends.

10. The method of using a mineral casting supported direct drive grinding tool unit according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the front and rear structures of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) with the inner bushing (141) as the boundary through the positioning hole (142) on the outer end of the inner bushing module (14). Then, thread the rear structure of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) together with the front ring (131), the middle ring (132) and the rear ring (133) through the mounting hole (135). Step 2: Then, the external wiring of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) installed in the inner ring of the front ring (131), the middle ring (132) and the rear ring (133) is laid backward along the hollow connecting rod (161) until it passes through the docking hole (136) opened in the rear ring (133). Then, the structure assembled by the embedded module (13), the inner liner module (14) and the connecting module (16) is embedded and installed inside the annular bushing (6) to form a multi-point multi-ring distributed monitoring module. Step 3: Assemble the skew sensing module (11) with the front-end eddy current displacement sensor (12). Connect the preamplifier (112) inside the skew sensing module (11) and the eddy current displacement sensor (12) through the wiring inside the adjusting rod (113). Then, fix the assembly structure of the skew sensing module (11) and the eddy current displacement sensor (12) at an annular installation angle inside the octagonal module (8) to form an integrated structure. Subsequently, use the support ring (9) and the pressure ring (1) 0) The integrated structure is embedded in the base (5) in a clamping installation method to form a centered spindle displacement monitoring module. At the same time, before embedding and installing, the external line of the fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) inside the annular bushing (6) is inserted into the octagonal module (8) through the inlet hole (804) and integrated with the line of the spindle displacement monitoring module inside the base (5). They are then passed out from the outlet hole (805) and the wire hole opened at the outer end of the seat (501) and connected to the external control equipment. Step 4: Assemble the base (5) with the spindle displacement monitoring module installed and the annular bushing (6) with the multi-point multi-turn distributed monitoring module installed, and reinforce it to the front end of the direct drive motor (4) with bolts. The spindle passes through the interior of the assembly structure of the base (5) and the annular bushing (6) from back to front, and extends out from the front opening of the annular bushing (6). Then the spindle is assembled with the grinding wheel (7). Step 5: When it is necessary to monitor spindle skew, the skew sensing module (11) and the eddy current displacement sensor (12) set inside the octagonal module (8) are distributed along the annular symmetrical angle on the outside of the spindle root, so that the probe end face of the eddy current displacement sensor (12) maintains an initial gap with the outer circle surface of the spindle, and the probe does not contact the spindle surface. Step 6: A high-frequency alternating current is generated by the oscillation circuit inside the preamplifier (112) in the skew sensing module (11). This current flows into the eddy current displacement sensor (12) through the internal circuit of the adjusting rod (113). The induction coil inside the probe at its front end generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. When the high-frequency alternating magnetic field acts on the surface of the spindle, a vertical induced current will be generated on the surface of the spindle according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the spindle rotates normally, the distance values ​​measured by each eddy current displacement sensor (12) remain stable and equal. When the spindle experiences radial skew or jumps... When the spindle moves or bends, the gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor (12) closer to the deflection direction and the spindle surface decreases, and the output signal increases. The gap between the front probe of the eddy current displacement sensor (12) further away from the deflection direction and the spindle surface increases, and the output signal decreases. The external control equipment can calculate the instantaneous spindle center position, radial runout, tilt angle and spindle center trajectory in real time by analyzing the signal changes of multiple eddy current displacement sensors (12). When the monitored value exceeds the preset threshold, the system issues an early warning signal to prompt the operator to handle it in time. Step 7: When it is necessary to monitor the spindle temperature, a multi-point multi-turn distributed monitoring module is formed by the set annular bushing (6), in conjunction with the embedded module (13), inner liner module (14), fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) and connection module (16) installed inside it. The multi-point multi-turn distributed monitoring module is coaxially installed with the spindle of the direct drive motor (4), and the annularly distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) maintains a set distance from the spindle surface. When the machine tool is cold, the initial temperature value of the spindle monitored by each fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15) is recorded and stored in the data processing unit as reference data. Step 8: During the operation of the grinding unit, the heat generated by the direct drive motor (4) is conducted to the front end along the spindle axis. The temperature of each axial position of the spindle rises and its surface emits infrared radiation. The infrared radiation of the corresponding spindle surface is received in real time by the ring-distributed fiber optic infrared temperature sensor (15), converted into temperature value, and these data are input to the external control device through the external line for display, so that the operator can observe in real time and perform subsequent processing.

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