A gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting and a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of organic solid waste resource processing, and comprises pyrolysis treatment of biomass raw materials to form microporous biochar, wherein the pyrolysis treatment adopts limited oxygen pyrolysis conditions, the microporous biochar and the porous inorganic carrier form a multi-stage pore channel skeleton system, and the biomass raw materials include bamboo chips, rice husks and wood chips. The gas emission reduction functional agent for composting and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier, the microporous biochar is combined with the carrier, the functional factor grading release particles are formed by compounding and coating treatment, and finally the composite integration treatment is performed, so that the gas emission reduction functional agent with a multi-stage pore channel skeleton system and a synergistic effect is successfully prepared, the efficiency of gas emission reduction in the composting process is improved, the components are ensured to be released as needed, and the emission reduction effect of the functional agent is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Composting technology is widely used to treat organic solid waste such as livestock and poultry manure and kitchen waste. During aerobic fermentation, microbial metabolism is active, resulting in the production and emission of large amounts of gases. These gases are complex in composition, including not only unpleasant odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, but also potent greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. To control gas emissions, practitioners have explored various physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical adsorption methods often employ porous materials such as zeolite and biochar, utilizing their large specific surface area to adsorb and fix gas molecules. Chemical passivation methods involve adding substances such as superphosphate and ferrous sulfate to react with ammonia or sulfides to generate stable salts. Bioinhibition technologies introduce specific functional microbial agents, aiming to intervene in existing gas production pathways through microbial competition or transformation. These technical approaches collectively constitute the main technological landscape of current composting gas control.

[0003] Existing technologies generally suffer from the prominent problems of single intervention methods and limited target points, resulting in unstable and unsustainable gas emission reduction effects. Physical adsorbents quickly reach saturation and lose their effectiveness, while chemical additives, although effective quickly, may drastically alter the microenvironment of the compost pile, inhibiting the fermentation process. Exogenous microbial agents are difficult to colonize efficiently and perform their intended functions in the complex real-world composting system. The most critical deficiency lies in the fact that existing single-function additives cannot simultaneously and efficiently achieve synergistic control of multiple gaseous pollutants of different properties generated at different stages of composting, especially failing to achieve long-term synergistic emission reduction of multiple key gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide throughout the entire aerobic fermentation cycle. This severely restricts the green and low-carbon development and practical application effectiveness of composting technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, its preparation method, and its application. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to address the issues of single intervention methods and unstable gas emission reduction effects in existing technologies through a multi-component synergistic framework gas emission reduction functional agent.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Zeolite: 30%-60%; Bentonite: 10%-25%; Microporous biochar: 15%-40%; Staged release of structural materials: 5%-20%.

[0006] Preferably, the microporous biochar has a micropore size range of 2nm-50nm and a specific surface area of ​​200m² / g-1200m² / g.

[0007] Preferably, the wall thickness of the graded release structure material is 5μm-40μm and the coverage rate is 60%-90%.

[0008] A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising: S1. Zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier, wherein the porous inorganic carrier has an adsorption channel structure; S2. The biomass raw material is subjected to thermal desorption treatment to form microporous biochar. The thermal desorption treatment adopts oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions. The microporous biochar and the porous inorganic carrier form a multi-level pore framework system. The biomass raw material includes bamboo chips, rice husks and wood chips. S3. A multi-component functional factor group is compounded and coated to form functional factor graded release particles. The multi-component functional factor group includes citric acid sustained-release particles, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate and 2-bromoacetic acid. The compounding and coating treatment is carried out by spray curing. S4. The porous inorganic carrier, the microporous biochar and the functional factor graded release particles are subjected to composite integration treatment to form a multi-component synergistic framework. The composite integration treatment includes staged mixing and low-speed shear uniform distribution. S5. The multi-component synergistic framework is dried and granulated to form the functional agent product.

[0009] Preferably, the pretreatment includes drying the zeolite and the bentonite at 80℃-110℃ for 2-4 hours, and then crushing and sieving the dried zeolite and the bentonite to form the porous inorganic carrier. The crushing and sieving screens include 40 mesh, 80 mesh and 120 mesh.

[0010] Preferably, the oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions are characterized by a temperature of 500℃-650℃, a heating rate of 3℃ / min-6℃ / min, and a holding time of 1 hour-2 hours.

[0011] Preferably, the compound coating treatment includes adding the multi-component functional factor group to a polylactic acid wall material solution to form a pre-coating suspension, and the spray curing method atomizing the pre-coating suspension to form functional factor graded release particles. The functional factor graded release particles have a microcapsule structure. The spray curing method has a temperature of 25℃-45℃ and a curing time of 15 minutes-40 minutes. The particle size of the functional factor graded release particles is 80μm-300μm.

[0012] Preferably, the steps of the composite integration process are as follows: S41. The porous inorganic carrier and the microporous biochar are mixed for the first time to form a first mixture; S42. Under stirring conditions, add the functional factor graded release particles to the first mixture, and continue mixing until the functional factor graded release particles are uniformly dispersed in the first mixture to form a second mixture; S43. The second mixture is subjected to shearing treatment to form the multi-component synergistic framework, wherein the shearing treatment is performed at a rotation speed of 60 rpm-120 rpm and a time of 10 minutes-20 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the drying and granulation process includes drying, sieving, and granulation. The drying temperature is 40℃-60℃ and the time is 4 hours-8 hours. The sieving screen size is 40 mesh-80 mesh. The granulation is carried out using a drum granulator with a rotation speed of 25 rpm-50 rpm. The moisture content of the functional agent product is 5%-10%.

[0014] The application of a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting includes: the application of the gas emission reduction functional agent in the simultaneous reduction of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and nitrous oxide in aerobic composting.

[0015] This invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, its preparation method, and its application. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention relates to a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, its preparation method, and its application. The method involves pretreating zeolite and bentonite to form a porous inorganic carrier, combining this carrier with microporous biochar, and then using a compound coating process to create functional factor-level release particles. Finally, through composite integration, a gas emission reduction functional agent with a multi-level porous framework system and synergistic effect is successfully prepared. This improves the efficiency of gas emission reduction during composting, ensures the release of each component as needed, and enhances the emission reduction effect of the functional agent.

[0017] By employing a combination of innovative materials, including microporous biochar, porous inorganic carriers, and functional factor-releasing granules, the gas emission reduction effect is improved. During aerobic composting, it can simultaneously reduce emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide, minimizing the emission of harmful gases and playing a role in environmental protection and improving compost quality. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a general flow chart of a preparation method for realizing the invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of staged release particles to achieve the invention; Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a composite integrated process for realizing an invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1-3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Zeolite: 40%.

[0021] Bentonite: 15%.

[0022] Microporous biochar: 30%.

[0023] Staged release structural material: 15%.

[0024] The microporous biochar has a pore size of 2 nm and a specific surface area of ​​200 m² / g. The graded release structure material has a wall thickness of 5 μm and a coating rate of 60%.

[0025] A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising: S1. Zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier with an adsorption channel structure. The pretreatment includes drying zeolite and bentonite at 80℃ for 2 hours, followed by crushing and sieving the dried zeolite and bentonite to form a porous inorganic carrier. The crushing and sieving screen is 40 mesh.

[0026] S2. Microporous biochar is formed by thermal desorption of biomass raw materials. The thermal desorption process employs oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions. The microporous biochar forms a multi-level pore framework system with a porous inorganic carrier. The biomass raw materials include bamboo chips, rice husks, and wood chips. The oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions are: temperature 500℃, heating rate 3℃ / min, and holding time 1 hour.

[0027] S3. A multi-component functional factor group is compounded and coated to form functional factor graded release particles. The multi-component functional factor group includes citric acid sustained-release particles, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate, and 2-bromoacetic acid. The compounding and coating treatment is carried out by spray curing. The compounding and coating treatment involves adding the multi-component functional factor group to a polylactic acid wall material solution to form a pre-coating suspension. The pre-coating suspension is then atomized by spray curing to form functional factor graded release particles. The functional factor graded release particles have a microcapsule structure. The spray curing temperature is 25℃, the curing time is 15 minutes, and the particle size of the functional factor graded release particles is 80μm.

[0028] S4. A multi-component synergistic framework is formed by composite integration of porous inorganic carriers, microporous biochar, and functional factor-releasing particles. This composite integration process includes staged mixing and low-rate shear distribution. The steps of the composite integration process are as follows:

[0029] S41. The porous inorganic carrier and microporous biochar are mixed for the first time to form a first mixture.

[0030] S42. Under stirring conditions, add functional factor graded release particles to the first mixture and continue mixing until the functional factor graded release particles are uniformly dispersed in the first mixture to form a second mixture.

[0031] S43. The second mixture is subjected to shearing treatment to form a multi-component synergistic framework. The shearing treatment speed is 60 rpm and the time is 10 minutes.

[0032] S5. The multi-component synergistic framework is dried and granulated to form the functional agent product. The drying and granulation process includes drying, sieving, and granulation. The drying temperature is 40℃ and the time is 4 hours. The sieving screen size is 40 mesh. Granulation is carried out using a drum granulator with a rotation speed of 25 rpm. The moisture content of the functional agent product is 5%.

[0033] The application of a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting includes: the application of the gas emission reduction functional agent in the simultaneous reduction of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and nitrous oxide in aerobic composting.

[0034] This invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising zeolite, bentonite, microporous biochar, and a staged release structural material. Through appropriate proportioning and preparation conditions, it reduces the emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide during composting. This invention is suitable for conventional composting processes and can provide basic emission reduction effects without causing excessive energy consumption.

[0035] Example 2 This invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Zeolite: 45%.

[0036] Bentonite: 18%.

[0037] Microporous biochar: 27%.

[0038] Staged release structural material: 10%.

[0039] The microporous biochar has a pore size of 26 nm and a specific surface area of ​​700 m² / g. The graded release structure material has a wall thickness of 22.5 μm and a coating rate of 75%.

[0040] A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising: S1. Zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier with an adsorption channel structure. The pretreatment includes drying zeolite and bentonite at 95°C for 3 hours, followed by crushing and sieving the dried zeolite and bentonite to form a porous inorganic carrier. The crushing and sieving screen is 80 mesh.

[0041] S2. Microporous biochar is formed by thermal desorption of biomass raw materials. The thermal desorption process employs oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions. The microporous biochar forms a multi-level pore framework system with a porous inorganic carrier. The biomass raw materials include bamboo chips, rice husks, and wood chips. The oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions are: temperature 575℃, heating rate 5℃ / min, and holding time 1.5 hours.

[0042] S3. A multi-component functional factor group is compounded and coated to form functional factor graded release particles. The multi-component functional factor group includes citric acid sustained-release particles, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate, and 2-bromoacetic acid. The compounding and coating treatment is carried out by spray curing. The compounding and coating treatment involves adding the multi-component functional factor group to a polylactic acid wall material solution to form a pre-coating suspension. The pre-coating suspension is then atomized by spray curing to form functional factor graded release particles. The functional factor graded release particles have a microcapsule structure. The spray curing temperature is 35℃, the curing time is 23 minutes, and the particle size of the functional factor graded release particles is 190μm.

[0043] S4. A multi-component synergistic framework is formed by composite integration of porous inorganic carriers, microporous biochar, and functional factor-releasing particles. This composite integration process includes staged mixing and low-rate shear distribution. The steps of the composite integration process are as follows:

[0044] S41. The porous inorganic carrier and microporous biochar are mixed for the first time to form a first mixture.

[0045] S42. Under stirring conditions, add functional factor graded release particles to the first mixture and continue mixing until the functional factor graded release particles are uniformly dispersed in the first mixture to form a second mixture.

[0046] S43. The second mixture is subjected to shearing treatment to form a multi-component synergistic framework. The shearing treatment speed is 90 rpm and the time is 15 minutes.

[0047] S5. The multi-component synergistic framework is dried and granulated to form the functional agent product. The drying and granulation process includes drying, sieving, and granulation. The drying temperature is 50℃ and the time is 6 hours. The sieving screen size is 60 mesh. Granulation is carried out using a drum granulator with a rotation speed of 27.5 rpm. The moisture content of the functional agent product is 7.5%.

[0048] The application of a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting includes: the application of the gas emission reduction functional agent in the simultaneous reduction of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and nitrous oxide in aerobic composting.

[0049] The functional agent of this invention provides a high gas emission reduction effect by optimizing the ratio of zeolite, bentonite, microporous biochar, and staged release structural materials, and improving the preparation process. The solution of this invention is suitable for medium-scale or low-emission composting processes, maintaining reasonable energy consumption and processing time while improving emission reduction effects, and is applicable to a wider range of composting applications.

[0050] Example 3 This invention provides a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Zeolite: 50%.

[0051] Bentonite: 20%.

[0052] Microporous biochar: 20%.

[0053] Staged release structural material: 10%.

[0054] The microporous biochar has a pore size of 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​1200 m² / g. The graded release structure material has a wall thickness of 40 μm and a coating rate of 90%.

[0055] A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, comprising: S1. Zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier with an adsorption channel structure. The pretreatment includes drying zeolite and bentonite at 110℃ for 4 hours, followed by crushing and sieving the dried zeolite and bentonite to form a porous inorganic carrier. The crushing and sieving screen is 120 mesh.

[0056] S2. Microporous biochar is formed by thermal desorption of biomass raw materials. The thermal desorption process employs oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions. The microporous biochar forms a multi-level pore framework system with a porous inorganic carrier. The biomass raw materials include bamboo chips, rice husks, and wood chips. The oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions are: temperature 650℃, heating rate 6℃ / min, and holding time 2 hours.

[0057] S3. A multi-component functional factor group is compounded and coated to form functional factor graded release particles. The multi-component functional factor group includes citric acid sustained-release particles, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate, and 2-bromoacetic acid. The compounding and coating treatment is carried out by spray curing. The compounding and coating treatment involves adding the multi-component functional factor group to a polylactic acid wall material solution to form a pre-coating suspension. The pre-coating suspension is then atomized by spray curing to form functional factor graded release particles. The functional factor graded release particles have a microcapsule structure. The spray curing temperature is 45℃ and the curing time is 40 minutes. The particle size of the functional factor graded release particles is 300μm.

[0058] S4. A multi-component synergistic framework is formed by composite integration of porous inorganic carriers, microporous biochar, and functional factor-releasing particles. This composite integration process includes staged mixing and low-rate shear distribution. The steps of the composite integration process are as follows:

[0059] S41. The porous inorganic carrier and microporous biochar are mixed for the first time to form a first mixture.

[0060] S42. Under stirring conditions, add functional factor graded release particles to the first mixture and continue mixing until the functional factor graded release particles are uniformly dispersed in the first mixture to form a second mixture.

[0061] S43. The second mixture is subjected to shearing treatment to form a multi-component synergistic framework. The shearing treatment speed is 120 rpm and the time is 20 minutes.

[0062] S5. The multi-component synergistic framework is dried and granulated to form the functional agent product. The drying and granulation process includes drying, sieving, and granulation. The drying temperature is 60℃ and the time is 8 hours. The sieving screen size is 80 mesh. Granulation is carried out using a drum granulator with a rotation speed of 50 rpm. The moisture content of the functional agent product is 10%.

[0063] The application of a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting includes: the application of the gas emission reduction functional agent in the simultaneous reduction of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and nitrous oxide in aerobic composting.

[0064] The functional agent scheme in this embodiment maximizes gas adsorption and emission reduction capabilities by significantly increasing the specific surface area and pore size of microporous biochar and by using higher pyrolysis and curing temperatures. It is suitable for high-emission composting environments and can provide continuous and stable emission reduction effects under strict gas emission reduction requirements, ensuring that emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide can be reduced even under harsh conditions.

[0065] Example 4 This embodiment is based on gas emission reduction functional agents for composting, their preparation methods, and applications. It compares the effects of three different compositions of composting gas emission reduction functional agents on reducing emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide, and evaluates the impact of differences in the preparation process of each component on the emission reduction effect. Specific implementation methods are as follows:

[0066] 1. Experimental Materials Table 1: Functional Agent Components in the Experimental Group.

[0067] Other ingredients: Biomass raw materials: bamboo chips, rice husks and wood chips.

[0068] Functional factor group: Citric acid sustained-release granules, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate and 2-bromoacetic acid.

[0069] This experiment compares three functional agents with different compositions under the same conditions to evaluate the effects of functional agents with different compositions on reducing emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide during composting, and analyzes the impact of differences in the preparation process of functional agents with different compositions on the final performance.

[0070] 2. Raw material pretreatment Experiment A: The zeolite and bentonite were dried at 80℃ for 2 hours to ensure complete removal of moisture. At 80℃, the zeolite and bentonite maintained a good adsorption pore structure, suitable for gas adsorption and slow release under low-temperature conditions.

[0071] Experiment B: The drying temperature for zeolite and bentonite was set at 95℃, and the drying time was 3 hours. Compared to Experiment A, the slightly higher temperature further removed moisture, ensuring the stability of the porous structure and contributing to a stronger gas adsorption capacity.

[0072] Experiment C: The drying temperature of zeolite and bentonite was 110℃ and the drying time was 4 hours. The purpose of extending the temperature and time was to promote the removal of more moisture from the material, so as to ensure higher adsorption capacity and stronger stability, and to provide a high-quality porous basis for subsequent biochar and functional factor coating.

[0073] 3. Thermal desorption treatment of microporous biochar Experiment A: Microporous biochar was subjected to oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 500℃, with a heating rate of 3℃ / min and a holding time of 1 hour. The 500℃ temperature range can improve the carbonization rate of bamboo chips, rice husks, and wood chips while maintaining the good properties of the microporous structure of the microporous biochar.

[0074] Experiment B: The thermal desorption temperature of the microporous biochar was 575℃, the heating rate was 5℃ / min, and the holding time was 1.5 hours. Due to the higher temperature, the pore size of the biochar increased compared to Experiment A, resulting in enhanced adsorption performance and increased specific surface area.

[0075] Experiment C: The biochar was subjected to oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 650℃, with a heating rate of 6℃ / min and a holding time of 2 hours. The high temperature of 650℃ increased the pore size and specific surface area of ​​the biochar, resulting in a more stable porous structure that provides more adsorption sites and stronger gas capture capabilities.

[0076] 4. Compound coating treatment for graded release particles of functional factors Experiment A: The compounding and coating process employs spray curing at 25°C for 15 minutes, forming microcapsule particles with a diameter of approximately 80 μm. Low-temperature curing helps reduce the loss of heat-sensitive substances during the coating process.

[0077] Experiment B: The compound coating treatment was carried out at 35°C for 23 minutes, resulting in particles with a diameter of approximately 190 μm. Compared to Experiment A, the slightly longer curing time and higher temperature helped enhance the stability of the coating material and improved the sustained release of functional agents.

[0078] Experiment C: The compound coating was performed at 45°C for 40 minutes, resulting in particles with a diameter of 300 μm. The longer curing time and higher temperature promoted a higher coating rate, up to 90%, and enhanced the sustained-release effect of the graded release structure.

[0079] 5. Composite Integration Processing Experiment A: During the composite integration process, the zeolite, bentonite, and microporous biochar were mixed at a shear rate of 60 rpm for 10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing and the formation of a synergistic framework structure.

[0080] Experiment B: During the composite integration process, the shear rate was 90 rpm and the time was 15 minutes. Compared with Experiment A, the increased shear rate helped to form a more uniform synergistic skeleton structure, ensuring a more uniform distribution of functional factors.

[0081] Experiment C: The composite integration treatment was carried out at a shear rate of 120 rpm for 20 minutes. The higher shear rate and longer treatment time further enhanced the structural stability of the synergistic framework, ensured the uniform distribution of each component, and improved the gas adsorption and release effects of the final functional agent.

[0082] 6. Drying and granulation process Experiment A: The drying temperature was 40℃, the drying time was 4 hours, the sieve was 40 mesh, the granulation speed was 25 rpm, and the final moisture content was 5%. These conditions are suitable for maintaining a low moisture content to ensure the stability of the functional agent.

[0083] Experiment B: The drying temperature was 50℃, the drying time was 6 hours, the sieve was 60 mesh, the granulation speed was 27.5 rpm, and the final moisture content was 7.5%. Compared with Experiment A, the slightly higher temperature and longer drying time helped to completely remove moisture, while the larger pore size of the sieve allowed the particles to reach a more uniform size.

[0084] Experiment C: The drying temperature was 60℃, the drying time was 8 hours, the sieve was 80 mesh, the granulation speed was 50 rpm, and the final moisture content was 10%. Due to the higher temperature and longer drying time, the final moisture content of Experiment C was relatively high, which had a certain impact on the final gas release, but ensured stronger stability and coating effect.

[0085] 7. Composting gas emission reduction test In an aerobic composting environment, the functional agents for each experimental group were added to the reaction chamber, and the concentration changes of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide were monitored. Gas concentrations were recorded every 24 hours, and the test lasted for 72 hours.

[0086] 8. Comparison of gas emission reduction results To verify the inhibitory effect of the compost gas emission reduction functional agent on typical gases under aerobic composting conditions, the functional agent prepared in Experiment C was selected as the test object, and the gas concentration changes over time were monitored under the same composting conditions.

[0087] During the test, functional agent C was added to the composting reactor, while the composition, loading volume, ventilation conditions, and ambient temperature of the remaining composting materials remained consistent. The concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide were monitored every 24 hours for a test period of 120 hours. The gas concentration results are as follows:

[0088] Table 2: Results of gas concentration changes over time under experimental condition C.

[0089] As shown in Table 2, during the aerobic composting process involving functional agent C in experiment, the gas concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide all gradually decreased with the extension of composting time.

[0090] The above data reflects that, under the same composting conditions, the release levels of various gases in the composting system were suppressed over time after the addition of experimental functional agent C. The results are used to characterize the gas control effect of experimental functional agent C in the composting process and verify the feasibility of experimental functional agent C in composting gas emission reduction applications.

[0091] The results in summary indicate that the emission reduction effect of the gas emission reduction functional agent is significantly improved with the increase of microporous biochar pore size and the coating rate of the staged release structure material. Experiment C showed the best effect in reducing ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions. Experiment C, with its larger microporous biochar pore size and higher coating rate, enhanced the gas adsorption and slow-release capacity of Experiment C, achieving the best emission reduction effect. This proves that Experiment C is the optimal formulation for composting gas emission reduction functional agents.

[0092] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, characterized in that, Including the following components by mass percentage composition: Zeolite: 30%-60%; Bentonite: 10%-25%; Microporous biochar: 15%-40%; Staged release of structural materials: 5%-20%.

2. The gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microporous biochar has a micropore size range of 2nm-50nm and a specific surface area of ​​200m² / g-1200m² / g.

3. The gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded release structure material has a wall thickness of 5μm-40μm and a coverage rate of 60%-90%.

4. A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, wherein the gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 3 is characterized in that, include: S1. Zeolite and bentonite are pretreated to form a porous inorganic carrier, wherein the porous inorganic carrier has an adsorption channel structure; S2. The biomass raw material is subjected to thermal desorption treatment to form microporous biochar. The thermal desorption treatment adopts oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions. The microporous biochar and the porous inorganic carrier form a multi-level pore framework system. The biomass raw material includes bamboo chips, rice husks and wood chips. S3. A multi-component functional factor group is compounded and coated to form functional factor graded release particles. The multi-component functional factor group includes citric acid sustained-release particles, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, potassium nitrate and 2-bromoacetic acid. The compounding and coating treatment is carried out by spray curing. S4. The porous inorganic carrier, the microporous biochar and the functional factor graded release particles are subjected to composite integration treatment to form a multi-component synergistic framework. The composite integration treatment includes staged mixing and low-speed shear uniform distribution. S5. The multi-component synergistic framework is dried and granulated to form the functional agent product.

5. The method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pretreatment includes drying the zeolite and bentonite at 80℃-110℃ for 2-4 hours, and then crushing and sieving the dried zeolite and bentonite to form the porous inorganic carrier. The crushing and sieving screens include 40 mesh, 80 mesh and 120 mesh.

6. The method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oxygen-limited pyrolysis conditions are: a temperature of 500℃-650℃, a heating rate of 3℃ / min-6℃ / min, and a holding time of 1 hour-2 hours.

7. The method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The compound coating treatment includes adding the multi-component functional factor group to a polylactic acid wall material solution to form a pre-coating suspension. The spray curing method atomizes the pre-coating suspension to form functional factor graded release particles. The functional factor graded release particles have a microcapsule structure. The spray curing method has a temperature of 25℃-45℃ and a curing time of 15 minutes-40 minutes. The particle size of the functional factor graded release particles is 80μm-300μm.

8. The method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps of the composite integration process are as follows: S41. The porous inorganic carrier and the microporous biochar are mixed for the first time to form a first mixture; S42. Under stirring conditions, add the functional factor graded release particles to the first mixture, and continue mixing until the functional factor graded release particles are uniformly dispersed in the first mixture to form a second mixture; S43. The second mixture is subjected to shearing treatment to form the multi-component synergistic framework, wherein the shearing treatment is performed at a rotation speed of 60 rpm-120 rpm and a time of 10 minutes-20 minutes.

9. A method for preparing a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drying and granulation process includes drying, sieving, and granulation. The drying temperature is 40℃-60℃ and the time is 4 hours-8 hours. The sieving screen size is 40 mesh-80 mesh. The granulation is carried out using a drum granulator with a rotation speed of 25 rpm-50 rpm. The moisture content of the functional agent product is 5%-10%.

10. The application of a gas emission reduction functional agent for composting, wherein the preparation method of the gas emission reduction functional agent for composting according to claim 9 is characterized in that, include: Application of gas emission reduction functional agents in the simultaneous reduction of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and nitrous oxide in aerobic composting.

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