High-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device and PCR instrument

Abstract

The application relates to a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device and a PCR instrument, and relates to the technical field of molecular diagnosis.The device comprises a light source mechanism and an optical channel mechanism, and the optical channel mechanism further comprises a positioning assembly, a first rotating shaft and an excitation assembly are connected through a first non-rigid structure, a second rotating shaft and an emission assembly are connected through a second non-rigid structure, the first non-rigid structure allows the excitation assembly to make a circumferential offset relative to the first rotating shaft, the second non-rigid structure allows the emission assembly to make a circumferential offset relative to the second rotating shaft, the positioning assembly is fixed relative to the positions of a first light inlet hole and a first light passing hole of a light shield, and a deviation rectifying force of the positioning assembly is applied to the excitation assembly and the emission assembly respectively, so that the excitation assembly and the emission assembly make circumferential offsets respectively, and the first light passing hole, a second light passing hole, a second light outlet hole and a third light inlet hole are coaxial. The application can improve the coaxiality of rotating alignment, and thus improves the accuracy of detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of molecular diagnostic technology, and in particular to a high-accuracy multichannel fluorescence detection device and PCR instrument. Background Technology

[0002] Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) involves adding a reporter group to the PCR reaction system of the sample to be tested for a specific DNA fragment. The fluorescence signal intensity emitted by the reporter group increases once after each reaction cycle (i.e., after one replication). By detecting the change in fluorescence signal intensity after each reaction cycle, the change in the amount of reaction product can be monitored in real time. Based on the monitoring results, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sample can be performed.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN120442379A discloses a multi-channel fluorescence detection device and a qPCR instrument. Its technical advantages are as follows: By rotatably arranging an excitation component and multiple emission components, multiple first optical paths within an excitation component can be aligned with second optical paths in different emission components. Each first optical path is equipped with an excitation filter for filtering excitation light of different wavelengths and an excitation dichroic mirror for reflecting excitation light of different wavelengths and transmitting emission light of different wavelengths. Similarly, each second optical path is equipped with an emission filter for filtering emission light of different wavelengths. These can be combined according to actual needs to form different optical channels. Finally, fluorescence information is collected by a light detection element, effectively increasing the number of optical channels to meet the needs of detecting a large number of indicators.

[0004] The excitation component and multiple emission components are rotated independently by two motors. Their alignment accuracy is mainly affected by the rotation accuracy, which in turn affects the coaxiality of the first light-passing aperture, the second light-passing aperture, the second light-exiting aperture, and the third light-inlet aperture, as well as the coaxiality between the first light-inlet aperture and the second light-inlet aperture, thus affecting the detection accuracy. After multiple drive rotation alignments or long-term use, the rotation angle of the motor may have some play, and the circumferential position deviation may accumulate due to the independent rotation of the excitation component and emission component by two motors, resulting in poor circumferential position accuracy and thus affecting the detection accuracy.

[0005] Conventional qPCR instruments have fixed optical channels, and their coaxiality can be achieved through fixed assembly and adjustment. While the multi-channel fluorescence detection device (CN120442379A) ​​achieves multi-channel functionality through rotational alignment, its detection accuracy is actually reduced. Therefore, to balance the number of multi-channel detections and high detection accuracy, this application provides a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device and PCR instrument. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To improve the coaxiality of rotational alignment, this application provides a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device and PCR instrument.

[0007] This application provides a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device includes a light source mechanism and an optical channel mechanism. The optical channel mechanism includes a light shield, multiple excitation components, multiple emission components, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, and driving mechanisms for driving the first and second rotating shafts to rotate. The light shield has a first light-passing aperture and a first light-entry aperture. The excitation components have a second light-entry aperture, a second light-exit aperture, and a second light-passing aperture. The emission components have a third light-entry aperture. The optical channel mechanism also includes a positioning component. The first rotating shaft and the excitation components are connected by a first non-rigid structure, and the second rotating shaft and the emission components are connected by a second non-rigid structure. The torque of the first rotating shaft is transmitted to the excitation components through the first non-rigid structure, and the first non-rigid structure allows the excitation components to circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft. The torque of the second rotating shaft is transmitted to the emission components through the second non-rigid structure, and the second non-rigid structure allows the emission components to circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft. The correction force of the positioning component is applied to the excitation components and the emission components, causing the excitation components and the emission components to circumferentially offset respectively, so that the first light-passing aperture, the second light-passing aperture, the second light-exit aperture, and the third light-entry aperture are coaxial.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting the first non-rigid structure, the second non-rigid structure, and the positioning component, not only can the torque transmission between the first and second rotating shafts be realized to achieve preliminary circumferential rotation alignment, but the first non-rigid structure also allows the excitation component to circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft, and the second non-rigid structure allows the emission component to circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft. This allows the correction force of the positioning component to be applied to the excitation component and the emission component respectively, so that the excitation component and the emission component are circumferentially offset respectively. This makes the first light-passing aperture, the second light-passing aperture, the second light-exiting aperture, and the third light-incident aperture coaxial. Furthermore, since the positioning component is relatively fixed in position with the first light-incident aperture and the first light-passing aperture of the light shield, the first light-incident aperture and the first light-passing aperture are also aligned and corrected with the excitation component and the emission component, thereby improving the overall alignment accuracy and thus improving the detection accuracy.

[0010] Optionally, the positioning component includes a fixed carrier, a power structure, and two positioning structures. The fixed carrier is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield and has a vertically arranged fixed cylinder. The fixed cylinder is coaxial with the first light-passing hole, and the axis of the fixed cylinder intersects with the axis of the first light-entry hole. The two positioning structures are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the fixed cylinder. The positioning structure includes a rotating cylinder rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder and multiple circumferentially arranged positioning blocks fixed to the end face of the rotating cylinder. The positioning blocks have a conical surface, which is used to abut against the edge of the opening of the second light-exit hole or the third light-entry hole. The conical surfaces of each positioning block together form a virtual centering conical surface, and the centering conical surface is coaxial with the first light-passing hole. The power structure is used to drive the rotating cylinder to rise and fall and rotate.

[0011] Optionally, the power structure includes a control motor, two driving gears and two driven gear rings. The two driving gears are arranged vertically and fixed coaxially. The control motor is used to drive the driving gears to rotate. The two driven gear rings are rotated and sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder. The driven gear rings mesh with the driving gears. A threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder. The driven gear rings and the threaded sleeve are anti-rotation and axially slidingly engaged. The threaded sleeve is connected to the rotating cylinder.

[0012] Optionally, the threaded sleeve is fixed with a rubber anti-detachment ring, which has a ring groove. The rotating cylinder is fixed with a ring body, which is embedded in the ring groove and fits against the inner top and bottom walls of the ring groove.

[0013] Optionally, the second rotating shaft is tubular and coaxially rotatably sleeved on the outside of the first rotating shaft. A first rotating sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the first rotating shaft. The excitation component is fixedly connected to the first rotating sleeve. A second rotating sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the second rotating shaft. The emission component is fixedly connected to the second rotating sleeve. The first non-rigid structure includes an electric push rod, a lifting rod, and a first rubber ring. The electric push rod is used to drive the lifting rod to rise and fall. The first rubber ring is rotatably engaged with the lifting rod and is used to simultaneously abut against the first rotating shaft and the first rotating sleeve. The second non-rigid structure includes a second rubber ring, which is rotatably engaged with the lifting rod and is used to simultaneously abut against the second rotating shaft and the second rotating sleeve.

[0014] Optionally, the positioning assembly includes a fixed carrier, a power structure, and two positioning structures. The fixed carrier is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield, and a vertically arranged fixed cylinder is fixed to the fixed carrier. The fixed cylinder is coaxial with the first light-passing hole, and the axis of the fixed cylinder intersects with the axis of the first light-entry hole. The two positioning structures are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixed cylinder. Each positioning structure includes a rotating cylinder rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder and multiple circumferentially arranged support rods arranged on the end face of the rotating cylinder. The support rods are inclined, and one end of the support rod is hinged to the end face of the rotating cylinder, with a torsion spring at the hinge position. The support rods swing within the radial plane of the rotating cylinder. The spring force of the torsion spring is used to force the free end of the support rod to swing away from the axis of the rotating cylinder. The hinged end of the support rod is fixed with a swing rod. The rotating cylinder is provided with a limiting block that blocks the swing path of the swing rod. The support rod is coaxially rotatably fitted with a rotating roller. The generatrix of the outer circumference of each rotating roller is located in the same virtual conical surface and this conical surface is set as a centering conical surface. The centering conical surface is coaxial with the first light-passing hole. The generatrix of the outer circumference of the rotating roller is used to abut against the edge of the opening of the second light-exiting hole or the third light-entry hole. The conical surfaces of each positioning block surround to form a virtual centering conical surface. The power structure is used to drive the rotating cylinder to lift and rotate.

[0015] Optionally, the positioning structure further includes a steel strand and a rotating ring. The rotating ring is sleeved on the outside of the fixed cylinder, and the two ends of the steel strand are fixed to the swing rod and the rotating ring, respectively. When the rotating cylinder is axially away from the edge of the second light-emitting hole or the third light-entry hole, the steel strand is in a relaxed state. When the rotating cylinder moves to the point where the generatrices of the outer circumference of each of the rotating rollers abut against the edge of the second light-emitting hole or the third light-entry hole, the steel strand is in a taut state.

[0016] This application provides a PCR instrument that adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A PCR instrument including a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device.

[0018] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. By setting up a first non-rigid structure, a second non-rigid structure, and a positioning component, not only can the torque transmission between the first and second rotating shafts be realized to achieve initial circumferential rotational alignment, but the first non-rigid structure also allows the excitation component to circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft, and the second non-rigid structure allows the emission component to circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft. This allows the correction force of the positioning component to be applied to the excitation component and the emission component respectively, causing the excitation component and the emission component to circumferentially offset respectively. This makes the first light-passing aperture, the second light-passing aperture, the second light-exiting aperture, and the third light-incident aperture coaxial. Furthermore, since the positioning component is relatively fixed in position with the first light-incident aperture and the first light-passing aperture of the light shield, the first light-incident aperture and the first light-passing aperture are also aligned and corrected with the excitation component and the emission component, thereby improving the overall alignment accuracy and thus improving the detection accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the excitation component and the emission component of Embodiment 1.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component in Embodiment 1.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning component of Embodiment 1.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component in Embodiment 2.

[0028] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component in Embodiment 3.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning component of Embodiment 3.

[0031] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A magnified view of a section at point D.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Positioning component; 2. Excitation component; 3. Emission component; 5. First rotating shaft; 6. Second rotating shaft; 10. Light source mechanism; 11. Fixed carrier; 111. Control motor; 112. Driving gear; 113. Driven gear ring; 114. Threaded sleeve; 115. Guide rod; 116. Guide groove; 117. Anti-detachment ring; 12. Fixed cylinder; 121. Rotating ring; 13. Rotating cylinder; 131. Ring body; 132. Notch; 133. Limiting block; 134. Connecting rod; 135. Torsion spring; 136. First vertical groove; 137. Second vertical groove; 138. Perforation; 14. Positioning block; 15. Rotating roller; 151, support rod; 152, swing rod; 16, steel strand; 20, light shield; 201, first light-passing hole; 202, first light-entry hole; 21, box body; 22, excitation filter; 23, excitation dichroic mirror; 24, second light-entry hole; 25, second light-exit hole; 26, second light-passing hole; 31, third light-entry hole; 51, first rotating sleeve; 61, second rotating sleeve; 71, first motor; 72, second motor; 73, electric push rod; 74, lifting rod; 75, first connecting arm; 76, second connecting arm; 77, first connecting ring; 78, second connecting ring; 79, first rubber ring; 80, second rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 12 This application will be described in further detail.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Example 1 discloses a PCR instrument, which includes a high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device. (Refer to...) Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device includes a light source mechanism 10 and an optical channel mechanism. The light source mechanism 10 is consistent with the light source component in the multi-channel fluorescence detection device with publication number CN120442379A, and will not be described in detail here. It can also emit full-spectrum excitation light. The optical channel mechanism includes a light shield 20, multiple excitation components 2, multiple emission components 3, a first rotating shaft 5, a second rotating shaft 6, and drive mechanisms for driving the first rotating shaft 5 and the second rotating shaft 6 to rotate, respectively. The light shield 20 is a square shell. The top surface and side surface of the light shield 20 have a first light-passing hole 201 and a first light-entry hole 202, respectively. The axis of the first light-entry hole 202 intersects with the axis of the first light-passing hole 201. The light source mechanism 10 is fixedly installed on the outside of the light shield 20, and the light-emitting position of the light source mechanism 10 is connected to the first light-entry hole 202.

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the first rotating shaft 5 is vertically positioned and located at the center inside the light shield 20. The upper and lower ends of the first rotating shaft are rotatably engaged with the top and bottom of the light shield 20, respectively. The second rotating shaft 6 is tubular and coaxially rotatably sleeved on the outside of the first rotating shaft 5. The second rotating shaft 6 is rotatably engaged with the first rotating shaft 5 via an angular contact ball bearing. The driving mechanism includes a first motor 71 and a second motor 72. Both the first motor 71 and the second motor 72 are installed at the bottom inside the light shield 20. The first motor 71 drives the first rotating shaft 5 to rotate via gear transmission, and the second motor 72 drives the second rotating shaft 6 to rotate via gear transmission.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, a first rotating sleeve 51 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the first rotating shaft 5, and the first rotating sleeve 51 is rotatably engaged with the first rotating shaft 5 through an angular contact ball bearing. A second rotating sleeve 61 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the second rotating shaft 6, and the second rotating sleeve 61 is rotatably engaged with the second rotating shaft 6 through an angular contact ball bearing.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the excitation component 2 is fixedly connected to the first rotating sleeve 51. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are an even number of excitation components 2. The excitation component 2 includes a housing 21, an excitation filter 22, and an excitation dichroic mirror 23. The housings 21 of each excitation component 2 are arranged circumferentially and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating sleeve 51. The housing 21 has a second light inlet hole 24, a second light outlet hole 26, and a second light outlet hole 25. The second light outlet hole 26 and the second light outlet hole 25 are vertically aligned and coaxially arranged.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the first rotating shaft 5 and the first rotating sleeve 51 are connected by a first non-rigid structure. The torque of the first rotating shaft 5 is transmitted to the first rotating sleeve 51 and the excitation assembly 2 through the first non-rigid structure, so that the second light entrance hole 24 of the excitation assembly 2 moves to face the first light entrance hole 202 of the light shield 20 and the second light passage hole 26 of the excitation assembly 2 faces the first light passage hole 201 of the light shield 20. The first non-rigid structure allows the excitation assembly 2 to be circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft 5.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the first non-rigid structure includes an electric push rod 73, a lifting rod 74, and a first rubber ring 79. The electric push rod 73 is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield 20. The lifting rod 74 is vertically arranged and fixed to the output end of the electric push rod 73. The lifting rod 74 is fixed with a first connecting arm 75, which is horizontally arranged and higher than the box body 21. The first rubber ring 79 is coaxially arranged with the first rotating shaft 5. The first rubber ring 79 and the first connecting ring 77 at the end of the first connecting arm 75 are rotatably engaged. The cross-section of the first rubber ring 79 is an isosceles triangle. The first rotating shaft 5 has an annular first chamfer, and the first rotating sleeve 51 has an annular second chamfer. The first chamfer and the second chamfer combine to form an annular groove, the cross-section of which is V-shaped. When the lifting rod 74 drives the first connecting ring 77 to descend, the first rubber ring 79 descends to engage with the first chamfer and the second chamfer. At this time, the torque of the first rotating shaft 5 can be transmitted sequentially to the first rubber ring 79, the first rotating sleeve 51 and the box 21 through friction, thereby driving the box 21 to rotate circumferentially for alignment. When it is necessary to allow the excitation component 2 to make circumferential offset relative to the first rotating shaft 5, the lifting rod 74 drives the first connecting ring 77 to rise, and the first rubber ring 79 disengages from the first chamfer and the second chamfer, so that the first rotating sleeve 51 is in a free rotatable state relative to the first rotating shaft 5.

[0041] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the emitting component 3 is fixedly connected to the second rotating sleeve 61. Specifically, there is an even number of emitting components 3 in this embodiment. The specific structure of the emitting component 3 is the same as that of the emitting component 3 in the multi-channel fluorescence detection device with publication number CN120442379A, and will not be described in detail here. The emitting component 3 has a third light entrance hole 31.

[0042] The second rotating shaft 6 and the second rotating sleeve 61 are connected by a second non-rigid structure. The torque of the second rotating shaft 6 is transmitted to the second rotating sleeve 61 and the emitting component 3 through the second non-rigid structure, so that the third light entrance hole 31 of the emitting component 3 moves to the second light exit hole 25 facing the excitation component 2. The second non-rigid structure allows the emitting component 3 to be circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft 6.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5As shown, the second non-rigid structure includes a second rubber ring 80, a second connecting arm 76 fixed to the lifting rod 74, the second connecting arm 76 being horizontally positioned and higher than the launching assembly 3, the second rubber ring 80 being coaxially positioned with the second rotating shaft 6, the second rubber ring 80 being rotatably engaged with the second connecting ring 78 at the end of the second connecting arm 76, the cross-section of the second rubber ring 80 being an isosceles triangle, the second rotating shaft 6 having an annular third chamfer, and the second rotating sleeve 61 having an annular fourth chamfer, the third and fourth chamfers being combined to form an annular groove, the cross-section of which is V-shaped. When the lifting rod 74 drives the second connecting ring 78 to descend, the second rubber ring 80 descends to engage with the third and fourth chamfers. At this time, the torque of the second rotating shaft 6 can be transmitted sequentially to the second rubber ring 80, the second rotating sleeve 61, and the launching component 3 through friction, thereby driving the launching component 3 to rotate circumferentially for alignment. When it is necessary to allow the launching component 3 to make circumferential offset relative to the second rotating shaft 6, the lifting rod 74 drives the second connecting ring 78 to rise, and the second rubber ring 80 disengages from the third and fourth chamfers, so that the second rotating sleeve 61 is in a free-rotating state relative to the second rotating shaft 6.

[0044] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, the optical channel mechanism also includes a positioning component 1. In this embodiment, there is one positioning component 1 in the figure, but there can be two positioning components 1 that are symmetrical about the axis of the first rotation axis 5. That is, the two positioning components 1 are symmetrical about left and right. The overall system balance will be better when the correction force of the two positioning components 1 is applied at the same time.

[0045] When the second rotating sleeve 61 is in a freely rotatable state relative to the second rotating shaft 6, and the first rotating sleeve 51 is in a freely rotatable state relative to the first rotating shaft 5, the correction force of the positioning component 1 is applied to the excitation component 2 and the emission component 3 respectively, causing the excitation component 2 and the emission component 3 to shift circumferentially, so that the first light-passing aperture 201, the second light-passing aperture 26, the second light-exiting aperture 25 and the third light-inlet aperture 31 are coaxial, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the positioning component 1 includes a fixed carrier 11, a power structure, and two positioning structures. The fixed carrier 11 is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield 20. The fixed carrier 11 extends horizontally and is located in the vertical gap between the box body 21 and the emitting component 3. The fixed carrier 11 is fixed with a vertically arranged fixed cylinder 12. The fixed cylinder 12 is coaxial with the first light-passing hole 201, and the axis of the fixed cylinder 12 intersects with the axis of the first light-entry hole 202.

[0047] Two positioning structures are respectively set at the upper and lower ends of the fixed cylinder 12. Specifically, the positioning structure includes a rotating cylinder 13 rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 12 and multiple positioning blocks 14 arranged circumferentially and fixed to the end face of the rotating cylinder 13. The rotating cylinder 13 can slide axially relative to the fixed cylinder 12. The positioning block 14 has a conical surface, which is used to abut against the edge of the opening of the second light outlet hole 25 or the third light inlet hole 31. The conical surfaces of each positioning block 14 surround to form a virtual centering conical surface, and the centering conical surface is coaxial with the first light through hole 201.

[0048] The power structure is used to drive the rotating cylinder 13 to rise and fall while rotating. The rotating cylinder 13 will rise and fall in a self-rotating manner so that the conical surface of the positioning block 14 abuts against the edge of the opening of the second light outlet hole 25 or the third light inlet hole 31.

[0049] The power structure includes a control motor 111, two driving gears 112, and two driven gear rings 113. The two driving gears 112 are arranged vertically and coaxially fixed. The control motor 111 drives the driving gears 112 to rotate. The two driven gear rings 113 are arranged vertically and rotatedly fitted onto the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 12, meshing with the driving gears 112. A threaded sleeve 114 (thread not shown in the figure) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 12. The driven gear rings 113 and the threaded sleeve 114 are anti-rotation and axially slidingly engaged. Specifically, the driven gears are fixed with a vertically arranged guide rod 115, and the outer circumferential surface of the threaded sleeve 114 is provided with a vertically extending guide groove 116. The guide rod 115 and the guide groove 116 are vertically slidingly engaged. The threaded sleeve 114 is fixed with a rubber anti-detachment ring 117, which has an annular groove. One end of the rotating cylinder 13 is fixed with a ring body 131, which is embedded in the annular groove and fits against the inner top and bottom walls of the annular groove.

[0050] The implementation principle of Example 1 is as follows: The lifting rod 74 drives the first connecting ring 77 and the second connecting ring 78 to descend. The first rubber ring 79 descends to engage with the first chamfer and the second chamfer, and the second rubber ring 80 descends to engage with the third chamfer and the fourth chamfer. Then, the first motor 71 and the second motor 72 are started respectively. The torque of the first rotating shaft 5 is transmitted to the first rubber ring 79, the first rotating sleeve 51 and the box 21 in sequence through friction, thereby driving the box 21 to rotate circumferentially for alignment. The torque of the second rotating shaft 6 is transmitted to the second rubber ring 80, the second rotating sleeve 61 and the launching component 3 in sequence through friction, thereby driving the launching component 3 to rotate circumferentially for alignment. After the excitation component 2 and the launching component 3 are in place, the lifting rod 74 drives the first connecting ring 77 and the second connecting ring 78 to rise. The first rubber ring 79 disengages from the first chamfer and the second chamfer, so that the first rotating sleeve 51 is in a free rotatable state relative to the first rotating shaft 5. The second rubber ring 80 disengages from the third chamfer and the fourth chamfer, so that the second rotating sleeve 61 is in a free rotatable state relative to the second rotating shaft 6.

[0051] At this point, due to circumferential rotation misalignment or accuracy issues, the first light-passing hole 201, the second light-passing hole 26, the second light-exiting hole 25, and the third light-inlet hole 31 may be misaligned. Then, the control motor 111 starts, and the driven gear ring 113, through the guide rod 115, engages with the threaded sleeve 114 to drive the threaded sleeve 114 to rotate helically relative to the fixed cylinder 12. The upper and lower threaded sleeves 114 move axially away from each other; that is, the upper threaded sleeve 114 rotates upwards, and the lower threaded sleeve 114 rotates downwards. In the dynamic descent, taking the threaded sleeve 114 located at the top as an example, during this process, the anti-detachment ring 117 and the ring body 131 are damped together to drive the rotating cylinder 13 and the positioning block 14 to rotate upward. After the conical surface of the positioning block 14 contacts the edge of the opening of the second light-emitting hole 25, if the second light-emitting hole 25 is eccentric, the radial component force applied by the conical surface of the positioning block 14 will push the box body 21 to move towards the axis of the centering conical surface until the axis of the centering conical surface coincides with the axis of the second light-emitting hole 25. At this time, the radial component force is balanced. Furthermore, the spin motion of the positioning block 14 can reduce the influence of static friction, reducing the likelihood of it getting stuck at a certain eccentric position on the second light-emitting hole 25 due to static friction, thus ensuring the continuous action of the corrective radial component force. In addition, the spin motion of the positioning block 14 can also average out the processing and manufacturing errors of the aperture edge of the second light-emitting hole 25, improving the repeatability of positioning accuracy. Moreover, the continuously changing contact point makes the force on the aperture edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 more uniform, the correction process more stable, and can achieve a higher final coaxiality, thereby further improving the detection accuracy.

[0052] It should be noted that since the anti-detachment ring 117 is made of rubber, there is a certain amount of elastic deformation space, so that when the positioning block 14 applies a slight axial interference lift to the edge of the second light outlet hole 25 during the final positioning, there is a certain wedging effect, which uses friction to achieve short-term self-locking, thereby improving the stability of positioning.

[0053] In other embodiments, the anti-detachment ring 117 may also be made of a rigid material.

[0054] After final positioning, the first rubber ring 79 and the second rubber ring 80 can also be moved down to lock the positions of the first rotating shaft 5 and the second rotating shaft 6.

[0055] In other embodiments, the first non-rigid structure and the second non-rigid structure can also be elastic structures, such as torsion spring 135. Taking the first non-rigid structure as an example, torsion spring 135 can be connected to the first rotating shaft 5 and the first rotating sleeve 51 respectively. The torque of the first rotating shaft 5 can be transmitted to the first rotating sleeve 51 through torsion spring 135, thereby driving the excitation component 2 to rotate. When positioning is required, torsion spring 135 can allow the first rotating sleeve 51 to make a small circumferential displacement change relative to the first rotating shaft 5.

[0056] Furthermore, in order to reduce the radial space encroachment of the positioning structure on the optical path, the second exit hole 25 and the third entrance hole 31 can be set as countersunk holes.

[0057] In summary, by setting the first non-rigid structure, the second non-rigid structure, and the positioning component 1, not only can the torque transmission between the first rotating shaft 5 and the second rotating shaft 6 be realized to achieve preliminary circumferential rotational alignment, but the first non-rigid structure also allows the excitation component 2 to circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft 5, and the second non-rigid structure allows the emission component 3 to circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft 6. This allows the correction force of the positioning component 1 to be applied to the excitation component 2 and the emission component 3 respectively, so that the excitation component 2 and the emission component 3 are circumferentially offset respectively. This makes the first light-passing aperture 201, the second light-passing aperture 26, the second light-exiting aperture 25, and the third light-incident aperture 31 coaxial. Furthermore, since the fixed carrier 11 and the first light-incident aperture 202 and the first light-passing aperture 201 of the light shield 20 are relatively fixed, the first light-incident aperture 202 and the first light-passing aperture 201 are also aligned and corrected with the excitation component 2 and the emission component 3, thereby improving the overall alignment accuracy and thus improving the detection accuracy.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that, as Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the positioning structure includes a rotating cylinder 13 rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 12 and multiple circumferentially arranged support rods 151 disposed on the end face of the rotating cylinder 13. Specifically, the support rods 151 are inclined, and the end face of the rotating cylinder 13 is provided with a radially penetrating notch 132. A connecting rod 134 is fixed in the notch 132. One end of the support rod 151 is located in the notch 132, and the connecting rod 134 passes through the support rod 151, so that the support rod 151 is hinged to the rotating cylinder 13, allowing the support rod 151 to swing in the radial plane of the rotating cylinder 13.

[0060] A swing arm 152 is fixed to the hinge end of the support rod 151. A limiting block 133 is fixed in the notch 132 to block the swing path of the swing arm 152. A torsion spring 135 is provided at the hinge position between the support rod 151 and the rotating cylinder 13. The elastic force of the torsion spring 135 is used to force the free end of the support rod 151 to swing in a direction away from the axis of the rotating cylinder 13, so that the swing arm 152 abuts against the limiting block 133. At this time, the angle of the support rod 151 is the initial angle.

[0061] The support rod 151 is coaxially rotatably fitted with a rotating roller 15. The generatrix of the outer circumference of each rotating roller 15 is located in the same virtual conical surface, and this conical surface is set as a centering conical surface. The centering conical surface is coaxial with the first light-passing hole 201. The generatrix of the outer circumference of the rotating roller 15 is used to abut against the edge of the opening of the second light-exiting hole 25 or the third light-entry hole 31. The conical surfaces of each positioning block 14 surround to form a virtual centering conical surface, and this centering conical surface is...

[0062] The implementation principle of Example 2 is as follows: Each rotating roller 15 is not rigid and can independently oscillate radially to form an elastic adaptive conical surface. Taking the upper rotating roller 15 as an example, when the rotating roller 15 rises, the generatrix of the rotating roller 15 contacts the edge of the opening of the second light-emitting hole 25. If the second light-emitting hole 25 is eccentric, the radial component force applied by the conical surface of the positioning block 14 will push the box 21 to move towards the axis of the centering conical surface until the axis of the centering conical surface coincides with the axis of the second light-emitting hole 25. At this time, the radial component force is balanced.

[0063] When the rotating roller 15 revolves slowly, it will average out the manufacturing error of the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25. In addition, the rotating roller 15 has an elastic swing adaptive characteristic, which can independently adjust the tilt angle according to the contact force, so that the shape of the virtual centering cone surface formed by it is adapted to the edge position of the second light-emitting hole 25, so as to achieve uniform force distribution and rolling friction, and avoid local jamming.

[0064] Most importantly, it also has torque changes and the nonlinear correction characteristics brought about by these torque changes, which improves the intelligence of the centering process. The specific analysis is as follows: During the rising process of the roller 15, the contact point between the roller 15 and the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 moves downward along the generatrix. In the initial stage of rising, the eccentricity of the second light-emitting hole 25 may be large (the contact force is large, i.e., F is large). The distance between the contact point and the hinge end of the roller 15 is large (L is large). The torque M=F*L, that is, the torque M is large. The torque of the roller 15 can overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 135 and make a large swing. The tilt angle becomes smaller and the radial correction force of the roller 15 is relatively weak, but its ability to accommodate eccentricity is enhanced (it can be understood that the roller 15 is more likely to enter the inner cavity of the lower orifice of the second light-emitting hole 25). That is, the initial stage of rising is the coarse adjustment stage, which can effectively avoid jamming or overload.

[0065] In the later stage of ascent, after the second light-emitting hole 25 is gradually aligned, there is less contact interference between the rotating roller 15 and the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 (L is smaller). As the rotating roller 15 rises, the contact point is closer to the hinge end of the rotating roller 15 (L is smaller), and the torque M=F*L, that is, the torque M is smaller. It is more difficult for the torque to overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 135. The elastic force of the torsion spring 135 causes the rotating roller 15 to swing back to its original position, the tilt angle becomes larger, and the radial sensitivity is improved (the radial sensitivity is improved because when the axis moves upward by a unit distance, the distance that the generatrix pushes the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 to move radially is smaller, and the radial sensitivity is higher). Fine adjustment is achieved, which is the fine adjustment stage, thereby improving the correction accuracy.

[0066] In summary, by setting each rotating roller 15 to independently and radially elastically swing, it exhibits flexible correction characteristics when it initially contacts the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25, in order to adapt to large eccentricity and reduce wear during multiple positioning and correction contacts. Secondly, when it approaches centering, the rotating roller 15 exhibits rigid correction characteristics, achieving high-precision positioning.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] The difference between Example 3 and Example 2 is that, as Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, the positioning structure also includes a steel strand 16 and a rotating ring 121. The rotating ring 121 is sleeved on the outside of the fixed cylinder 12. The rotating ring 121 can rotate circumferentially relative to the fixed cylinder 12, and the fixed cylinder 12 restricts the axial movement of the rotating ring 121. A first vertical groove 136 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating cylinder 13, and a second vertical groove 137 is formed on the inner wall of the rotating cylinder 13. The first vertical groove 136 and the second vertical groove 137 are connected through a through hole 138. The steel strand 16 is located in the first vertical groove 136. One end of the steel strand 16 is fixed to the swing rod 152, and the other end of the steel strand 16 passes through the through hole 138 and is fixed to the rotating ring 121. The second vertical groove 137 is used to accommodate the steel strand 16 in a slack state to prevent the steel strand 16 from getting stuck.

[0069] When the rotating drum 13 is axially away from the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 or the third light-entry hole 31, taking the upper rotating roller 15 as an example, when the rotating roller 15 does not contact the edge of the second light-emitting hole 25 or the rotating roller 15 is not raised to the highest position, the steel strand 16 is in a relaxed state. Due to the rotational freedom of the rotating ring 121, the steel strand 16 will also move with the rotation of the rotating drum 13. At this time, the rotating roller 15 swings independently and elastically, thereby realizing coarse adjustment and fine adjustment in sequence.

[0070] When the rotating cylinder 13 moves to the point where the generatrices of the outer circumference of each rotating roller 15 abut against the edge of the opening of the second light-emitting hole 25 or the third light-entry hole 31, that is, when the rotating roller 15 rises to its highest position, the fixed cylinder 12 is coaxial with the second light-emitting hole 25, and the tilt angles of each rotating roller 15 are consistent. The steel strand 16 is taut as the rotating roller 15 rises, and the tension of the steel strand 16 is applied to the rotating roller 15 to maintain the tilt angle of the rotating roller 15, thereby increasing the rigidity of the rotating roller 15 and thus improving coaxial stability. Furthermore, the steel strand 16 has a small elastic modulus, and the force of the steel strand 16 will tend to force the rotating roller 15 to tilt upwards, that is, each rotating roller 15 simultaneously applies an outward clamping force to the opening of the second light-emitting hole 25, with strong self-locking ability, thereby further improving the stability of the coaxial position.

[0071] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device, comprising a light source mechanism (10) and an optical channel mechanism, the optical channel mechanism comprising a light shield (20), multiple excitation components (2), multiple emission components (3), a first rotating shaft (5), a second rotating shaft (6), and a driving mechanism for driving the first rotating shaft (5) and the second rotating shaft (6) to rotate respectively, wherein the light shield (20) has a first light-passing hole (201) and a first light-entry hole (202), the excitation components (2) have a second light-entry hole (24), a second light-exit hole (25), and a second light-passing hole (26), and the emission components (3) have a third light-entry hole (31), characterized in that: The optical channel mechanism also includes a positioning component (1), a first rotating shaft (5) and an excitation component (2) are connected by a first non-rigid structure, a second rotating shaft (6) and an emission component (3) are connected by a second non-rigid structure, the torque of the first rotating shaft (5) is transmitted to the excitation component (2) through the first non-rigid structure, and the first non-rigid structure allows the excitation component (2) to be circumferentially offset relative to the first rotating shaft (5), the torque of the second rotating shaft (6) is transmitted to the emission component (3) through the second non-rigid structure, and the second non-rigid structure allows the emission component (3) to be circumferentially offset relative to the second rotating shaft (6), the correction force of the positioning component (1) is applied to the excitation component (2) and the emission component (3) respectively, so that the excitation component (2) and the emission component (3) are circumferentially offset respectively, so that the first light-passing aperture (201), the second light-passing aperture (26), the second light-exiting aperture (25) and the third light-inlet aperture (31) are coaxial.

2. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning component (1) includes a fixed carrier (11), a power structure, and two positioning structures. The fixed carrier (11) is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield (20). A vertically arranged fixed cylinder (12) is fixed to the fixed carrier (11). The fixed cylinder (12) is coaxial with the first light-passing hole (201), and the axis of the fixed cylinder (12) intersects with the axis of the first light-entry hole (202). The two positioning structures are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixed cylinder (12). The positioning structure includes a rotating sleeve. A rotating cylinder (13) is provided on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder (12), and a plurality of circumferentially arranged positioning blocks (14) are fixed to the end face of the rotating cylinder (13). The positioning blocks (14) have a conical surface, which is used to abut against the edge of the second light outlet hole (25) or the third light inlet hole (31). The conical surfaces of each positioning block (14) together form a virtual centering conical surface, and the centering conical surface is coaxial with the first light outlet hole (201). The power structure is used to drive the rotating cylinder (13) to rise and fall and rotate.

3. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power structure includes a control motor (111), two driving gears (112) and two driven gear rings (113). The two driving gears (112) are arranged vertically and fixed coaxially. The control motor (111) is used to drive the driving gears (112) to rotate. The two driven gear rings (113) are rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder (12). The driven gear rings (113) mesh with the driving gears (112). The outer wall of the fixed cylinder (12) is threaded with a threaded sleeve (114). The driven gear rings (113) and the threaded sleeve (114) are anti-rotation and axially slidingly engaged. The threaded sleeve (114) is connected to the rotating cylinder (13).

4. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The threaded sleeve (114) is fixed with a rubber anti-detachment ring (117), which has an annular groove. The rotating cylinder (13) is fixed with a ring body (131), which is embedded in the annular groove and fits against the inner top wall and inner bottom wall of the annular groove.

5. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second rotating shaft (6) is tubular and is coaxially rotatably sleeved on the outside of the first rotating shaft (5). A first rotating sleeve (51) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the first rotating shaft (5). The excitation component (2) is fixedly connected to the first rotating sleeve (51). A second rotating sleeve (61) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the second rotating shaft (6). The emission component (3) is fixedly connected to the second rotating sleeve (61). The first non-rigid structure includes an electric push rod (73) and a lifting rod (74). The first rubber ring (79) and the electric push rod (73) are used to drive the lifting rod (74) to rise and fall. The first rubber ring (79) is rotatably engaged with the lifting rod (74). The first rubber ring (79) is used to simultaneously abut against the first rotating shaft (5) and the first rotating sleeve (51). The second non-rigid structure includes a second rubber ring (80). The second rubber ring (80) is rotatably engaged with the lifting rod (74). The second rubber ring (80) is used to simultaneously abut against the second rotating shaft (6) and the second rotating sleeve (61).

6. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning component (1) includes a fixed carrier (11), a power structure, and two positioning structures. The fixed carrier (11) is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield (20). The fixed carrier (11) is fixed with a vertically arranged fixed cylinder (12). The fixed cylinder (12) is coaxial with the first light-passing hole (201), and the axis of the fixed cylinder (12) intersects with the axis of the first light-entry hole (202). The two positioning structures are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the fixed cylinder (12). The positioning structure includes a rotating cylinder (13) rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder (12) and multiple circumferentially arranged support rods (151) arranged on the end face of the rotating cylinder (13). The support rods (151) are inclined. One end of the support rod (151) is hinged to the end face of the rotating cylinder (13), and a torsion spring (135) is provided at the hinge position. The support rods (151) are in the radial plane of the rotating cylinder (13). The spring force of the torsion spring (135) is used to force the free end of the support rod (151) to swing away from the axis of the rotating cylinder (13). The hinge end of the support rod (151) is fixed with a swing rod (152). The rotating cylinder (13) is provided with a limiting block (133) that blocks the swing path of the swing rod (152). The support rod (151) is coaxially rotatably fitted with a rotating roller (15). The generatrix of the outer circumference of each rotating roller (15) is located in the same virtual conical surface and the conical surface is set as a centering conical surface. The shaped conical surface is coaxial with the first light-passing hole (201). The generatrix of the outer circumference of the rotating roller (15) is used to abut against the edge of the opening of the second light-exiting hole (25) or the third light-entry hole (31). The conical surfaces of each positioning block (14) surround to form a virtual centering conical surface. The power structure is used to drive the rotating cylinder (13) to rise and fall and rotate.

7. The high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning structure also includes a steel strand (16) and a rotating ring (121). The rotating ring (121) is sleeved on the outside of the fixed cylinder (12). The two ends of the steel strand (16) are fixed to the swing rod (152) and the rotating ring (121) respectively. When the rotating cylinder (13) is axially away from the edge of the second light outlet hole (25) or the third light inlet hole (31), the steel strand (16) is in a relaxed state. When the rotating cylinder (13) moves to the point where the generatrices of the outer circumference of each of the rollers (15) abut against the edge of the second light outlet hole (25) or the third light inlet hole (31), the steel strand (16) is in a taut state.

8. A PCR instrument, characterized in that: It includes the high-accuracy multi-channel fluorescence detection device as described in claim 1.

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