Interchange quick drainage system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an overpass rapid drainage system and a control method thereof. The drainage system comprises a water collection unit for realizing rainwater convergence, a garbage blocking and collecting water unit for receiving and intercepting rainwater guided by the water collection unit, and a shunt drainage unit for regulating drainage flow. The shunt drainage unit is connected with a flow monitoring module and a control system through independent drainage channels in a hierarchical water retaining groove, branch pipes and shunt valves. The control system controls the opening and closing of the shunt valves according to real-time rainwater volume to adjust the number of opened branch pipes, realizes precise shunting of small rain, medium rain and heavy rain, avoids poor drainage and backwater caused by overload of a single pipe, prevents energy waste caused by excessive shunting, avoids all-stop caused by a single blockage, guarantees continuous drainage, improves drainage efficiency and stability of the system, and reduces operation and maintenance risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban transportation infrastructure drainage technology, specifically to a rapid drainage system for overpasses and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In urban traffic networks, overpasses serve as crucial hubs, often located in low-lying areas. The drainage efficiency of their bridge decks and approach roads directly impacts traffic safety and the lifespan of the infrastructure. Existing overpass drainage systems generally employ a conventional design of "collection wells + gravity flow pipes," which suffers from three major flaws: First, collection wells are easily clogged by fallen leaves, silt, and household waste, significantly reducing water collection speed during rainfall and causing rapid flooding. Second, the drainage pipe diameter design does not account for peak rainfall flow, resulting in insufficient gravity flow drainage capacity and a tendency for rainwater backflow in low-lying areas. Third, the lack of control mechanisms and emergency drainage backup mechanisms means that pipes and storage spaces cannot be pre-emptively emptied before rainfall, and drainage paths cannot be dynamically adjusted based on real-time rainfall during heavy rains. This leads to delayed flooding response in extreme weather conditions, potentially causing traffic congestion, vehicle breakdowns, and even bridge structural damage.

[0003] While existing technologies have made preliminary improvements to address some of the aforementioned shortcomings, a comprehensive and effective solution has yet to be formed. For example, the municipal bridge road surface drainage structure with a water collection and tiered isolation method disclosed in CN220318355U achieves initial anti-clogging through a fixed debris-blocking net. However, its debris-blocking structure is a fixed design, making it prone to debris accumulation and difficult to clean. It requires frequent manual operation, resulting in low dredging efficiency and high labor intensity, and still cannot fundamentally solve the problem of reduced water collection speed caused by blockage of the collection well. At the same time, this patent does not design a graded diversion structure and control mechanism. The pipe diameter is fixed and cannot adapt to the dynamic drainage needs of different rainfall intensities. Once a certain part of the pipe is blocked by debris (such as branches or silt), it will cause the drainage of the entire pipe to be interrupted. During heavy rain, the pipe flow is still prone to overload, leading to poor drainage and backflow of water.

[0004] The patent disclosed in CN214116874U discloses a system for eliminating water accumulation on overpasses. This patent still adopts the conventional design framework of "water collection well + gravity flow pipe". The specifications of its drainage pipe are fixed and it does not consider the dual needs of peak flow during heavy rain and sedimentation during light rain. During light rain, the slow flow velocity can easily lead to sedimentation, and during heavy rain, the insufficient upper limit of pipe flow can easily cause backflow. In addition, the patent does not set up a pre-drainage and emergency forced drainage mechanism. It cannot reserve storage space in advance before rainfall, and cannot dynamically adjust the drainage capacity according to real-time rainfall during heavy rain. The water accumulation disposal is delayed under extreme weather conditions, and there are still traffic safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the first objective of this invention is to provide a rapid drainage system for overpasses, enabling rapid convergence, diversion, self-cleaning against blockages, and emergency backup under different rainfall scenarios such as light rain, moderate rain, and heavy rain, thereby improving drainage efficiency and system reliability, and reducing operation and maintenance costs. The second objective of this invention is to provide a control method for the aforementioned rapid drainage system for overpasses.

[0006] In this embodiment of the invention, a rapid drainage system for an overpass includes a water collection unit for rainwater convergence, an anti-clogging water collection unit for receiving rainwater guided by the water collection unit and intercepting debris, and a diversion drainage unit for regulating drainage flow. The water collection unit includes guide channels located on both sides of the overpass deck or approach roads, which collect rainwater from the bridge deck. The inlet of the anti-clogging water collection unit is connected to the water collection end of the water collection unit, and it receives rainwater guided by the guide channels and intercepts debris. The diversion drainage unit is connected to the output end of the anti-clogging water collection unit and is used to divert and transport rainwater. The diversion drainage unit includes a heavy-duty pump for discharging rainwater. The system includes a main gravity flow pipeline, graded drainage channels, diversion valves, and a flow monitoring module for monitoring rainwater flow. The graded drainage channels are located on both sides of the overpass, with their inlets connected to the anti-blockage water collection unit. The drainage channels have several parallel independent drainage channels, each of which is connected to the main gravity flow pipeline via a corresponding branch pipe. The diversion valves are installed on the branch pipes. The signal output terminal of the flow monitoring module is connected to the rainwater flow input terminal of the control system, and the enable terminal of the diversion valve is connected to the diversion control terminal of the control system. The control system controls the opening and closing of the diversion valves according to the amount of rainwater to adjust the number of branch pipes opened.

[0007] The control method of this invention embodiment is based on the above-mentioned rapid drainage system for overpasses and includes the following steps: S1, the control system collects various monitoring signals in real time, including at least rainfall signals, bridge surface runoff velocity signals, branch pipe flow signals, bidirectional cross slope signals, longitudinal diversion slope signals, system energy consumption signals, and bridge surface water depth signals; S2. With the three core optimization objectives of maximizing drainage efficiency, minimizing system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and maximizing bridge deck safety factor, a multi-objective weighted optimization function is constructed. The priority of the three objectives is coordinated by the weighting coefficient. The optimization variables of the multi-objective weighted optimization function include the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope, and the longitudinal diversion slope. S3. Based on the actual situation of the overpass drainage project, equipment performance and safety specifications, set the constraints for optimization calculation. The constraints should include at least the constraints of optimization variables, drainage efficiency, energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and bridge deck safety. S4. Solve the multi-objective weighted optimization function, output the optimal optimization variable, and the control system sends control commands to each actuator according to the optimal optimization variable to adjust the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope and the longitudinal diversion slope to achieve optimized operation of the drainage system. S5. The control system continuously collects monitoring signals and judges the deviation between the actual operating state and the optimal state in real time. If the deviation reaches the set threshold or the rainfall level changes, steps S2-S4 are executed again to optimize the solution and adjust the instructions.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the superior technical solution of the present invention include: 1. This invention collects rainwater from the bridge deck and approach roads through the guide channel of the water collection unit and guides it to the anti-blockage water collection unit. The anti-blockage water collection unit receives rainwater and intercepts various types of garbage, preventing garbage from entering subsequent pipes and causing blockages. The diversion drainage unit, through independent drainage channels, branch pipes, and diversion valves in the graded water-blocking channel, works in conjunction with the flow monitoring module and control system to form a linkage. The control system controls the opening and closing of the diversion valves according to the real-time rainfall to adjust the number of branch pipes opened, achieving precise diversion by opening fewer valves for light rain, moderate valves for moderate rain, and full valves for heavy rain. This avoids drainage problems and backflow caused by overloading a single pipe, and also prevents energy waste caused by excessive diversion. At the same time, the independent drainage channel design avoids complete shutdown due to blockage, ensuring drainage continuity, improving system drainage efficiency and stability, and reducing maintenance risks.

[0009] 2. The guide channel of the graded water collection unit of this invention is used to collect rainwater from the bridge deck. The guide channel is connected to the lower end of the bidirectional cross slope structure and the longitudinal diversion slope to ensure that the rainwater from the bridge deck quickly flows to the anti-clogging water collection unit. At the same time, through the high-strength hydraulic support units arranged at intervals under the bridge deck pavement layer, the slope of the bidirectional cross slope and / or the longitudinal diversion slope can be adjusted slightly after the control system receives the rainfall signal. This adapts to the collection needs of different rainfall intensities such as light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain. It can not only avoid the siltation caused by slow collection during light rain, but also maximize the collection speed during heavy rain, reduce the water retention time on the bridge deck, and further improve the drainage efficiency and adaptability of the system. At the same time, the high-strength hydraulic support units are stable and durable, which can ensure the accuracy of slope adjustment and the stability of the bridge deck structure, and reduce the maintenance risks caused by uneven collection.

[0010] 3. The anti-clogging water collection unit of this invention intercepts garbage of different particle sizes by setting up a multi-stage filtration structure in the water collection well. The collection tank is raised and flexibly connected to facilitate the rapid removal of garbage. The detachable grid at the wellhead and the embedded sludge removal handle optimize the sludge removal operation. This not only enhances the comprehensiveness and reliability of the anti-clogging water collection unit in intercepting and filtering garbage, effectively reducing the risk of garbage clogging the water inlet area and pipes, but also greatly improves the convenience of sludge removal, further reducing the workload and cost of manual operation and maintenance. At the same time, it improves the safety and flexibility of the operation and maintenance of the water collection well, and helps the system to operate stably and efficiently for a long time.

[0011] 4. The emergency drainage unit of this invention is connected to the main gravity flow pipeline through a rainwater storage tank, which can effectively absorb the overload of rainwater in the main gravity flow pipeline during heavy rain. The liquid level sensor can monitor the water level of the storage tank in real time, which facilitates precise control of the start and stop of the booster pump station. The booster pump station can quickly discharge the rainwater in the storage tank into the main urban rainwater pipe or natural water bodies to avoid backflow of water. At the same time, the mobile pump truck interface deployed around the rainwater storage tank can realize the rapid access of emergency pump trucks, forming a double strong drainage backup of booster pump stations and emergency pump trucks, which greatly improves the emergency drainage capacity under extreme rainstorms, ensures the safety of overpasses, and reduces the risk of infrastructure damage caused by water accumulation.

[0012] 5. This invention constructs a multi-objective weighted optimization function, taking into account three core objectives: drainage efficiency, energy consumption and maintenance, and road safety. This avoids system performance imbalances caused by optimizing a single objective, achieving optimal overall performance. An optimization algorithm is used for solving the problem, combined with engineering constraints, ensuring that the optimization results meet actual engineering needs. By optimizing the number of diversion valves and the slope adjustment range, excessive equipment operation is avoided, reducing energy waste. By directly constraining the water depth and confluence velocity, combined with safety factor optimization, excessive water accumulation on the bridge surface and moderate confluence velocity are ensured, preventing vehicle skidding, breakdowns, and other safety hazards, thus improving road safety. This invention can also dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients and constraints according to rainfall levels and engineering conditions, adapting to different rainfall scenarios such as light rain, moderate rain, and heavy rain, as well as various types of interchanges such as planar, gentle slope, and sunken types. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rapid drainage system for an overpass in an embodiment.

[0014] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: water collection unit 10, diversion channel 11, anti-clogging water collection unit 20, water collection well 21, debris interception assembly 22, filter plate 221, garbage diversion plate 222, collection trough 223, flexible plate 224, lifting drive mechanism 225, wellhead grid 23, diversion drainage unit 30, gravity flow main pipe 31, graded water interception channel 32, independent drainage channel 321, debris interception grid 322, anti-backflow check valve 323, diversion valve 33, flow monitoring module 34, branch pipe 35, emergency forced drainage unit 40, rainwater storage tank 41, booster pump station 42, mobile pump truck interface 43, connecting pipe 44, control valve 45, and pumping pipe 46. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Example 1

[0016] This embodiment provides a rapid drainage system for overpasses, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the drainage system includes a water collection unit 10 for collecting rainwater from the bridge deck, a blockage prevention and collection unit 20 for receiving rainwater guided by the water collection unit 10 and intercepting garbage, and a diversion drainage unit 30 for regulating the drainage flow.

[0017] In this invention, the water collection unit 10 includes guide channels 11 located on both sides of the overpass deck or approach roads. The guide channels 11 are used to collect rainwater from the bridge deck. The guide channels 11 are made of cast concrete, extend along the length of both sides of the overpass deck, have a U-shaped cross-section, are equipped with a debris barrier at the top, have smooth inner walls, and have a certain slope at the bottom, such as a slope of 3‰, to facilitate rapid rainwater flow. The end of the guide channel 11 connects to the anti-clogging water collection unit 20 to ensure that all rainwater flows into the anti-clogging water collection unit 20.

[0018] The inlet of the anti-clogging water collection unit 20 is connected to the end of the water collection unit 10, and is used to receive rainwater guided by the diversion channel 11 and intercept garbage. The anti-clogging water collection unit 20 includes a water collection well 21 and a debris interception component 22 installed in the water collection well 21. The water collection well 21 is made of reinforced concrete and is arranged at intervals along both sides of the overpass. The side wall of the water collection well 21 is provided with a water inlet, which is connected to the end of the diversion channel 11. The debris interception component 22 is arranged in the water inlet area below the water inlet. The debris interception assembly 22 includes a filter plate 221 with water passage holes, a collection trough 223 with water passage holes for collecting the waste output from the filter plate 221, and a waste guide plate 222 for guiding the waste on the filter plate 221 into the collection trough 223. The filter plate 221 is located in the water inlet area below the water inlet where the guide trough 11 connects to the water collection well 21, and is preferably inclined downward at 1-2°. The waste guide plate 222 is inclined at 30° and its high end is connected to the end of the filter plate 221, and its low end is connected to the collection trough 223.

[0019] The diversion drainage unit 30 is connected to the bottom side wall of the collection well 21 of the anti-clogging water collection unit 20 for diverting and transporting rainwater. The diversion drainage unit 30 includes a gravity flow main pipe 31 for discharging rainwater, a graded water-blocking channel 32, a diversion valve 33, and a flow monitoring module 34 for monitoring rainwater flow. The graded water-blocking channel 32 is located on both sides of the overpass and is made of concrete. Each graded water-blocking channel 32 corresponds to multiple collection wells 21, and its inlet is connected to the outlet on the side wall of the collection well 21 through a pipe. The graded water-blocking channel 32 has several (e.g., six) parallel independent drainage channels 321 inside, which are isolated by partitions. Each independent drainage channel 321 is connected to the gravity flow main pipe 31 through a corresponding branch pipe 35, and the diversion valve 33 is installed on the branch pipe 35.

[0020] The signal output terminal of the flow monitoring module 34 is connected to the rainwater flow input terminal of the control system, and the enable terminal of the diversion valve 33 is connected to the diversion control terminal of the control system. The control system controls the opening and closing of the diversion valve 33 according to the amount of rainwater to adjust the number of branch pipes 35 opened. For example, 1 / 4 of the branch pipes 35 are opened during light rain, 1 / 2 of the branch pipes 35 are opened during moderate rain, and all branch pipes 35 are opened during heavy rain to achieve precise diversion and avoid pipe overload or energy waste.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water collection unit 10 further includes a bidirectional cross slope structure and a longitudinal diversion slope (not shown in the figure) disposed on the overpass deck. The lower ends of the bidirectional cross slope structure and the longitudinal diversion slope are connected to the water guide channel to guide rainwater from the bridge deck to quickly flow into the diversion channel 11. The bidirectional cross slope structure achieves a symmetrical slope (e.g., 2.5%) with a "higher in the middle and lower on both sides" by adjusting the thickness of the bridge deck pavement layer along the width direction of the bridge deck (perpendicular to the driving direction). The longitudinal diversion slope forms a gentle downhill slope (e.g., 5‰) on both sides of the bridge deck by slope-finding construction of the bridge deck pavement layer along the length direction of the bridge deck (parallel to the driving direction).

[0022] More preferably, the slopes of the bidirectional cross slope and / or the longitudinal drainage slope are adjustable. For example, several high-strength hydraulic support units are arranged at intervals below the bridge deck pavement layer. The top of the hydraulic support unit is tightly fitted to the bridge deck pavement layer, and the bottom is fixed to the bridge deck base layer, for example, by fixing it to the bridge deck base layer with rebar. This disperses vehicle loads, avoids local stress concentration, and does not disrupt the continuity of the bridge deck pavement layer. The core load is still borne by the main bridge structure. The hydraulic support units are made of engineering alloys with a compressive strength ≥30MPa, capable of withstanding the vehicle loads on the bridge deck. For example, Y-HG1 series miniature hydraulic support cylinders can be used to achieve micro-amplitude expansion and contraction adjustment of 0.1%-0.5%. The bridge deck pavement layer is a continuous asphalt or concrete structure. The hydraulic support units only play a role in fine-tuning the slope and do not participate in the main load-bearing, fully conforming to the bridge deck design load standards and not affecting traffic safety.

[0023] The enable terminal of the hydraulic support unit is connected to the control system. The control system receives rainfall signals and drives the hydraulic support unit to extend and retract slightly, adjusting the slope of the bidirectional cross slope and / or the longitudinal diversion slope. For example, during light rain (rainfall ≤ 15 mm / h), a large slope is not required; a gentle slope of 0.5%-1% bidirectional cross slope and 3‰ longitudinal diversion slope is sufficient to meet the flow requirements and reduce the rapid influx of mud and sand into the pipes with rainwater, thus reducing the probability of pipe scaling and blockage. During moderate rain (15 mm / h < rainfall ≤ 50 mm / h), the bidirectional cross slope is adjusted to 1.8% and the longitudinal diversion slope to 4.0‰ to balance flow convergence and prevent siltation. During heavy rain (rainfall > 50 mm / h), the bidirectional cross slope is adjusted to the maximum slope of 3.0% and the longitudinal diversion slope to the maximum slope of 5.0‰, achieving "on-demand acceleration" and avoiding resource waste and structural damage.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collection trough 223 is connected to a trough driving mechanism that drives it to rise and fall to reach the wellhead. The collection trough 223 is movably connected to the waste guide plate 222. For example, the lower end of the waste guide plate 222 is connected to a flexible plate 224 made of rubber material, which can flexibly adapt to the rising and falling movement of the collection trough 223. The end of the flexible plate 224 overlaps and connects with the collection trough 223. The trough driving mechanism can be a hydraulic cylinder, which drives the collection trough 223 to rise and fall along the inner wall of the water collection well 21, facilitating waste cleaning when it rises to the wellhead.

[0025] Preferably, there are multiple filter plates 221 arranged at intervals along the height direction of the collection well 21. Multiple filter plates 221 form a multi-stage filtration structure, with the water passage holes of the next stage filter plate 221 being smaller than those of the previous stage. For example, three filter plates 221 are arranged to form a three-stage filtration structure. Each filter plate 221 is connected to a waste guide plate 222 at its end, and the bottom end of the waste guide plate 222 connects to the collection trough 223 to achieve graded interception of waste of different particle sizes.

[0026] More preferably, the wellhead of the water collection well 21 is equipped with a detachable wellhead grille 23 with a separation strip, which can intercept large-volume garbage. The separation strip is connected to the grille by bolts, making it easy to disassemble and clean. Two sludge removal handles are symmetrically provided on the edge of the water collection well 21, and embedded handle grooves are provided to ensure that the handles do not protrude from the wellhead of the water collection well 21 and do not affect the passage of vehicles and pedestrians.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gravity flow main pipe 31 is located below the graded water interception channel 32, laid along both sides of the overpass with a slope of 5‰. The inner wall is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-scaling coating to reduce siltation and improve water conveyance efficiency. The pipe length is consistent with the overpass length, and its lower end connects to the city's main stormwater pipe. Independent drainage channels 321 are inclined towards the gravity flow main pipe 31 with a slope of 3‰, facilitating rapid flow of rainwater into branch pipes 35. Each independent drainage channel 321 has a detachable debris-blocking grid 322 at its top for intercepting debris and cleaning the interior of the independent drainage channel 321. A backflow prevention check valve 323, model H44X-10Q rubber-sealed check valve, is installed at the bottom where the independent drainage channel 321 connects to the branch pipe 35 to prevent rainwater backflow.

[0028] Each independent drainage channel 321 is connected to the main gravity flow channel 31 via a branch pipe 35. A diversion valve 33 is installed on the branch pipe 35 near the graded water-blocking trough 32. It is an electromagnetic pneumatic valve, model Q22D, which can achieve rapid opening and closing. The flow monitoring module 34 is an LDG-MIK electromagnetic flow meter. One is installed on each branch pipe 35, on the downstream side of the branch pipe 35 near the diversion valve 33. At the same time, a total flow monitoring module 34 is added at the inlet of the main gravity flow channel 31 to verify the flow data. The signal output terminal of the flow monitoring module 34 is connected to the control system to provide real-time feedback of rainwater flow signals.

[0029] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage system further includes an emergency forced drainage unit 40, which includes a rainwater storage tank 41 and a booster pump station 42. The rainwater storage tank 41 is converted from an unused underground space of an overpass and adopts a modular reinforced concrete structure. The rainwater storage tank 41 is connected to the main gravity flow pipeline 31 through a connecting pipe 44. A control valve 45 is installed on the connecting pipe 44. During heavy rain, the control valve 45 is opened to receive the overloaded rainwater from the main gravity flow pipeline 31 and play a role in storage and buffering.

[0030] The inlet of the booster pump station 42 is connected to the rainwater storage tank 41 via a pumping pipe 46. A filter screen is installed at the inlet of the pumping pipe 46 to prevent debris from entering. The outlet of the booster pump station 42 is connected to the city's main rainwater pipe or a natural water body. A level sensor (not shown in the figure) is installed inside the rainwater storage tank 41. The signal output of the level sensor is connected to the control system. When the water level reaches the warning level, the control system automatically triggers the start of the booster pump station 42 to quickly discharge rainwater from the rainwater storage tank 41.

[0031] More preferably, the emergency drainage unit 40 also includes a mobile pump truck interface 43 deployed around the rainwater storage tank 41, which adopts a flange interface. The inlet end of the mobile pump truck interface 43 is also connected to a pumping pipe 46 extending into the rainwater storage tank 41. The mobile pump truck interface 43 is equipped with a quick-sealing connector, which can quickly complete the docking with the emergency pump truck. When the rainstorm intensity is too high and the booster pump station 42 cannot meet the drainage needs, the emergency pump truck is connected to form a double drainage backup to ensure that the rainwater is quickly drained.

[0032] The control system interacts with the booster pump station 42, level sensor, and control valve 45 via a 5G module. The rainwater storage tank 41 can be pre-emptively emptied before rainfall to reserve rainwater storage space and prevent rainwater from accumulating instantly during heavy rain. The booster pump station 42 can operate at full capacity during heavy rain to quickly discharge rainwater from the rainwater storage tank 41. The mobile pump truck interface 43 can quickly connect to an emergency pump truck, forming a dual-forced drainage guarantee. The control system realizes the coordinated linkage between the emergency forced drainage unit 40 and the diversion drainage unit 30, which greatly improves the emergency response capability under extreme weather conditions and solves the problem of rainwater backflow in low-lying areas. Example 2

[0033] This embodiment provides a control method for the rapid drainage system of an overpass as described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1. The control system collects various monitoring signals in real time, including at least rainfall signals, bridge deck flow velocity signals, branch pipe flow signals, bidirectional cross slope signals, longitudinal diversion slope signals, system energy consumption signals, and bridge surface water depth signals.

[0034] S2. With the three core optimization objectives of maximizing drainage efficiency, minimizing system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and maximizing bridge deck safety factor, a multi-objective weighted optimization function is constructed. The priority of the three objectives is coordinated by the weighting coefficient. The optimization variables of the multi-objective weighted optimization function include the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope, and the longitudinal diversion slope.

[0035] S3. Based on the actual conditions of the overpass drainage project, equipment performance and safety specifications, set the constraints for optimization calculation. The constraints should include at least the constraints on optimization variables, drainage efficiency, energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and bridge deck safety.

[0036] S4. Solve the multi-objective weighted optimization function and output the optimal optimization variable. The control system sends control commands to each actuator according to the optimal optimization variable to adjust the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope and the longitudinal diversion slope, so as to achieve optimized operation of the drainage system.

[0037] S5. The control system continuously collects monitoring signals (including rainfall, flow rate, slope, energy consumption, water depth, etc.) and judges the deviation between the actual operating state and the optimal state in real time (for example, the deviation threshold is set to 10%). If the deviation reaches the set threshold (deviation ≥ 10%) or the rainfall level changes (light rain → moderate rain, moderate rain → heavy rain, etc.), then steps S2-S4 are re-executed to optimize the solution and adjust the instructions to ensure that the system is always in the optimal operating state in terms of overall performance.

[0038] In step S2 of this invention, the specific construction method of the multi-objective weighted optimization function is as follows:

[0039] in, To optimize the variable vector, , The system presets the total number of branch pipes to N, which is the number of diversion valves that can be opened. ∈[1,N], dynamically allocated by the control system based on the optimization calculation results and the flow signal. The slope is a two-way cross slope (%). The slope (‰) of the longitudinal drainage slope. and Data is collected in real time by a slope sensor, and the adjustment range is determined by engineering constraints.

[0040] The weighting coefficients for the three optimization objectives are respectively, satisfying... The adjustments are made dynamically based on the actual working conditions of the project. For example, under normal working conditions, , , Under emergency conditions of heavy rain, , , Weighting coefficients The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine this.

[0041] Let be the objective function for drainage efficiency, characterizing the rainwater discharge capacity of the drainage system. is the ratio of actual drainage per unit time to the system's maximum drainage per unit time, dimensionless, and ranging from [0,1]. The larger the size, the higher the drainage efficiency;

[0042] in, This represents the actual drainage volume per unit time. The flow rate is collected in real time by the flow monitoring module on the branch pipe, and the sum of the flow rates of all open branch pipes is taken. The flow rate is then calibrated by the flow monitoring module at the inlet of the gravity flow main pipe. The maximum drainage capacity per unit time of the system, per unit Determined by engineering design parameters, it represents the theoretical maximum drainage capacity when all branch pipes are fully open, and can be verified through hydraulic calculations.

[0043] Let be the objective function for system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, representing the energy consumption and operation and maintenance pressure of system operation. is the ratio of the sum of actual unit time energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs to the maximum allowable energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, dimensionless, and ranging from [0,1]. The smaller the size, the lower the energy consumption and maintenance costs;

[0044] in, This represents the actual system energy consumption per unit time. The data is collected in real time by the system's electricity meters, including the sum of the energy consumption of all electrical devices in the system. The maximum allowable energy consumption per unit time of the system, unit Determined by engineering design, this represents the energy consumption of all equipment operating at full load. The actual unit time operation and maintenance cost is expressed in yuan / h. It is calculated based on historical operation and maintenance data and includes the cost of cleaning the debris barrier components and the cost of equipment wear and tear. It is positively correlated with the number of diversion valves opened and the frequency of slope adjustment. The maximum allowable unit time operation and maintenance cost of the system, in yuan / h, is determined by the engineering operation and maintenance budget and represents the maximum operation and maintenance cost when the equipment is running at full load and high-frequency dredging is performed.

[0045] Let be the objective function for the road surface safety factor, characterizing the bridge deck's traffic safety level. It comprehensively considers the impact of water depth and runoff velocity on road surface anti-skid and vehicle traffic. It is dimensionless and its value ranges from [0,1]. The larger the value, the higher the road safety factor;

[0046] in, As a safety impact factor, it meets the following requirements. ,for example , This highlights the dominant impact of water depth on bridge traffic safety; The actual water depth on the bridge surface, in meters, is collected in real time by water accumulation sensors deployed on the bridge surface, and the average value of multiple monitoring points on the bridge surface is taken. The maximum allowable water depth on the bridge deck is measured in meters (m) and is determined according to urban road engineering design specifications. For example, a preset depth of 0.15m is used to avoid affecting vehicle traffic. The actual flow velocity on the bridge deck, in m / s, is collected in real time by flow velocity sensors deployed on the bridge deck and is positively correlated with the slope signal. This is the maximum allowable merging speed on the bridge surface, measured in m / s. It is determined based on the road surface's anti-skid performance and vehicle traffic safety, for example, a preset speed of 0.5 m / s, to prevent vehicles from skidding due to excessively fast merging.

[0047] In step S3 of the present invention, the engineering constraints specifically include: (1) Optimize variable constraints: , This represents the total number of branch pipes. It is a positive integer. , .

[0048] (2) Drainage efficiency constraints: , To ensure the minimum allowable drainage efficiency, a value of no less than 0.6 should be used. For example, a value of 0.6 should be used under normal circumstances to ensure timely drainage of rainwater and prevent water accumulation. Under heavy rain conditions (rainfall ≥ 50 mm / h), Prioritize ensuring drainage efficiency.

[0049] (3) Constraints on energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs: , The maximum allowable energy consumption and operation and maintenance cost coefficient should be set to a value no higher than 0.7, for example, a value of 0.7, to avoid excessive energy consumption and excessive operation and maintenance pressure.

[0050] (4) Road surface safety constraints: , The minimum permissible road safety factor shall be no less than 0.8; and , =0.5m / s, directly constraining the water depth and confluence velocity.

[0051] (5) Equipment operation constraints: the switching frequency of the diversion valve opening / closing is ≤1 time / min to avoid damage caused by frequent valve operation; the adjustment speed of the bidirectional cross slope and longitudinal diversion slope is ≤0.1% / min to avoid damage to the bridge deck pavement layer caused by excessively fast slope adjustment.

[0052] In step S4 of this invention, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to perform a multi-objective weighted optimization function. The solution process is as follows: Initialize particle swarm parameters: set the number of particles to 50-100 (e.g., 50), the number of iterations to 80-120 (e.g., 100), and the learning factor... = =2, inertia weight ω∈[0.4,0.9], optimization variables The range of values ​​is determined by the constraints; calculate the fitness value of each particle, i.e., the multi-objective weighted optimization function value. Simultaneously, it determines whether the particle satisfies all engineering constraints. Particles that do not meet the constraints have their fitness value set to 0 (considered invalid solutions). The individual optimal solution and the population optimal solution are updated, and the optimization is iterated until the termination condition is met (the number of iterations reaches 100, or the population optimal solution remains unchanged for 10 consecutive iterations). The population optimal solution is then output. This refers to the optimal number of diversion valves to open, the bidirectional cross slope, and the longitudinal drainage slope. The control system uses the optimal solution... Send control commands to each actuator: control the diversion valve to open. Each branch pipeline controls the hydraulic support unit's movement to adjust the bidirectional cross slope to... Longitudinal drainage slope to This enables the optimized operation of the drainage system.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid drainage system for overpasses, characterized in that, It includes a rainwater collection unit for rainwater collection, a blockage-prevention collection unit for receiving rainwater guided by the rainwater collection unit and intercepting garbage, and a diversion drainage unit for regulating drainage flow. The water collection unit includes diversion channels located on both sides of the overpass deck or approach road, the diversion channels being used to collect rainwater from the bridge deck; The inlet of the anti-blocking water collection unit is connected to the water collection end of the water collection unit, and is used to receive rainwater guided by the diversion channel and intercept garbage; The diversion drainage unit is connected to the output end of the anti-blocking water collection unit and is used to divert and transport rainwater. The diversion drainage unit includes a gravity flow main pipe for discharging rainwater, a graded water-blocking channel, a diversion valve, and a flow monitoring module for monitoring rainwater flow. The graded water-blocking channel is located on both sides of the overpass and its inlet is connected to the anti-blocking water collection unit. The graded water-blocking channel has several parallel independent drainage channels inside. Each independent drainage channel is connected to the gravity flow main pipe through a corresponding branch pipe. The diversion valve is installed on the branch pipe. The signal output terminal of the flow monitoring module is connected to the rainwater flow input terminal of the control system, and the enable terminal of the diversion valve is connected to the diversion control terminal of the control system. The control system controls the opening and closing of the diversion valve according to the amount of rainwater to adjust the number of branch pipes opened.

2. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection unit also includes a bidirectional cross slope structure and a longitudinal diversion slope installed on the overpass deck, the lower ends of which are connected to the water guide channel.

3. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slope of the bidirectional cross slope and / or the slope of the longitudinal diversion slope are adjustable. Several high-strength hydraulic support units are arranged at intervals below the bridge deck pavement layer. The top of the hydraulic support unit is attached to the bridge deck pavement layer and the bottom is fixed to the bridge deck base layer. The enable terminal of the hydraulic support unit is connected to the control system. The control system receives rainfall signals and drives the hydraulic support unit to extend and retract slightly to adjust the slope of the bidirectional cross slope and / or the longitudinal drainage slope.

4. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-clogging water collection unit includes a water collection well and a debris interception component installed in the water collection well. The debris interception component includes a filter plate with water passage holes, a collection trough with water passage holes for collecting the waste output from the filter plate, and a waste guide plate for guiding the waste on the filter plate into the collection trough. The filter plate is located in the water inlet area below the water inlet where the guide trough connects to the water collection well. The waste guide plate is inclined and its high end is connected to the end of the filter plate, and its low end is connected to the collection trough.

5. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anti-clogging water collection unit also has at least one of the following structures: Structure 1: The collection trough is connected to a trough drive mechanism that drives it to rise and fall to reach the wellhead. The collection trough is movably connected to the waste guide plate. A flexible plate is connected to the lower end of the waste guide plate, and the end of the flexible plate overlaps and connects with the collection trough. Structure 2: The filter plates are multiple and spaced apart along the height of the water collection well. The multiple filter plates form a multi-stage filtration structure. The end of each filter plate is connected to the garbage guide plate, and the bottom of the garbage guide plate is connected to the collection trough. Structure 3: The wellhead of the water collection well is equipped with a detachable wellhead grid with isolation strips, and the edge of the water collection well is also equipped with a sludge removal handle and an embedded handle groove.

6. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity flow main pipeline is located below the graded water interception channel and has a slope. It is laid underground along both sides of the overpass and has an anti-scaling coating on the inner wall. And / or each of the independent drainage channels is detachably connected to a trash rack at the top, and an anti-backflow check valve is provided at the bottom where it connects to the branch pipe.

7. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes an emergency drainage unit, which includes a rainwater storage tank and a booster pump station. The rainwater storage tank is connected to the main gravity flow pipeline, the inlet of the booster pump station is connected to the rainwater storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the main urban rainwater pipeline or a natural water body. The rainwater storage tank is equipped with a level sensor.

8. The rapid drainage system for overpasses according to claim 7, characterized in that, The emergency drainage unit also includes a mobile pump truck interface deployed around the rainwater storage tank. The inlet end of the mobile pump truck interface is connected to a pumping pipe that extends into the rainwater storage tank, and the mobile pump truck interface can be quickly connected to an emergency pump truck.

9. A control method for a rapid drainage system for an overpass based on any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The control system collects various monitoring signals in real time, including at least rainfall signals, bridge deck runoff velocity signals, branch pipe flow signals, bidirectional cross slope signals, longitudinal diversion slope signals, system energy consumption signals, and bridge surface water depth signals. S2. With the three core optimization objectives of maximizing drainage efficiency, minimizing system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and maximizing bridge deck safety factor, a multi-objective weighted optimization function is constructed. The priority of the three objectives is coordinated by the weighting coefficient. The optimization variables of the multi-objective weighted optimization function include the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope, and the longitudinal diversion slope. S3. Based on the actual situation of the overpass drainage project, equipment performance and safety specifications, set the constraints for optimization calculation. The constraints shall include at least the constraints of optimization variables, drainage efficiency, energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and bridge deck safety. S4. Solve the multi-objective weighted optimization function, output the optimal optimization variable, and the control system sends control commands to each actuator according to the optimal optimization variable to adjust the number of diversion valves opened, the bidirectional cross slope and the longitudinal diversion slope to achieve optimized operation of the drainage system. S5. The control system continuously collects monitoring signals and judges the deviation between the actual operating state and the optimal state in real time. If the deviation reaches the set threshold or the rainfall level changes, steps S2-S4 are executed again to optimize the solution and adjust the instructions.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific construction method of the multi-objective weighted optimization function is as follows: ， in, To optimize the variable vector, , The number of branch valves to open is preset to N, and the total number of branch pipes is preset to N. , It is a two-way cross slope. The longitudinal drainage slope; The weighting coefficients for the three optimization objectives are respectively, satisfying... ; Let be the objective function for drainage efficiency, and be the ratio of actual drainage per unit time to the maximum drainage per unit time of the system. ， in, This represents the actual drainage volume per unit time. This represents the system's maximum drainage per unit time. Let be the objective function for system energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and let be the sum of actual unit time energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and the ratio of the maximum allowable energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs. ， in, This represents the actual system energy consumption per unit time. This represents the system's maximum permissible energy consumption per unit time. This represents the actual unit time maintenance cost. This represents the maximum permissible maintenance cost per unit of time for the system. The objective function for road safety factor is to comprehensively consider the impact of bridge water depth and runoff velocity on road anti-skid and vehicle traffic. ， in, , As a safety impact factor, it meets the following requirements. ; This represents the actual water depth on the bridge surface. This refers to the maximum allowable water depth on the bridge deck. This represents the actual convergence speed on the bridge deck. This represents the maximum allowable confluence speed on the bridge deck.

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