A dynamic wind force auxiliary muck discharge device and method for a full-face tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of dynamic wind force auxiliary muck discharging devices, and particularly discloses a dynamic wind force auxiliary muck discharging device for a full-face tunnel boring machine, which comprises a spraying assembly, a muck amount monitoring assembly and an intelligent control assembly. The spraying assembly comprises an annular distributor and a gas supply pipeline. The annular distributor is fixedly arranged in a cutter head on the full-face tunnel boring machine. A plurality of air inlet pipes and air outlet pipes are fixedly arranged on the annular distributor and extend out of the cutter head. An electric proportional valve is fixedly arranged on the gas supply pipeline. The muck amount monitoring assembly is fixedly arranged on the full-face tunnel boring machine. The intelligent control assembly is fixedly arranged outside the full-face tunnel boring machine. The electric proportional valve, the muck amount monitoring assembly and the full-face tunnel boring machine are electrically connected with the intelligent control assembly. The dynamic wind force auxiliary muck discharging device can start wind force auxiliary muck discharging. High-pressure gas is sprayed out of the plurality of air outlet pipes on the annular distributor to clean the muck accumulated or adhered to the cutter head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic wind-assisted muck removal devices, specifically to a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device and method for a full-face tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction process of a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM), tunneling and muck removal are two crucial links that must be closely coordinated and dynamically balanced. Ideally, the muck produced by the cutterhead breaking the rock mass should be discharged by the muck removal system in a timely and equal manner, thereby ensuring a clean working face and providing continuous tunneling space for the cutterhead.

[0003] However, in actual engineering projects, especially when traversing cohesive strata, water-rich strata, or strata with well-developed joints, this balance is easily disrupted. Firstly, the muck itself is sticky and easily adheres to the cutterhead panel, muck chute, and other parts of the system. Secondly, due to the limitations of the muck removal system's instantaneous throughput capacity, if tunneling is too fast and muck removal is insufficient, muck will continuously accumulate in front of and inside the cutterhead, forming a stagnant muck phenomenon. The hazards of stagnant muck are significant: on the one hand, the accumulated muck will compress the cutterhead and shield, causing a sharp increase in tunneling torque and thrust, increased energy consumption, and even equipment shutdown; on the other hand, the adhered muck will gradually harden, forming a hard mud cake that coats the cutters, severely affecting their service life and tunneling efficiency.

[0004] Faced with the problem of poor muck removal, current operations rely entirely on the operator's personal experience for judgment and intervention. Operators primarily rely on indirect and vague methods, such as observing changes in torque and thrust parameters on the main control screen or listening to the equipment's operating sounds, to sense potential muck stagnation in the cutterhead. Once a blockage is suspected, the countermeasures are usually extremely passive and inefficient, mainly involving artificially reducing the tunneling speed or even stopping tunneling completely, requiring the scraper conveyor and belt conveyor of the full-face tunnel boring machine to run for a period of time to expel the accumulated muck. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device and method for full-face tunnel boring machines to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue that when a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) is suspected of clogging, the corresponding countermeasures are often extremely passive and inefficient, primarily involving artificially reducing the tunneling speed or even completely halting the process. This invention provides a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device and method for full-face TBMs, which dynamically compares the muck removal volume with theoretical values. and actual slag output In the early stages of slag buildup, wind-assisted slag removal is initiated. High-pressure gas is ejected from multiple outlet pipes on the annular distributor to clear the slag accumulated or adhering to the cutterhead, transforming passive manual intervention into proactive automatic prevention. This effectively improves the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of the full-face tunnel boring machine in complex strata. The intelligent control component also controls the start, stop, and magnitude of the high-pressure gas wind force, enabling on-demand assistance.

[0006] This invention provides a dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising an injection assembly, a muck volume monitoring assembly, and an intelligent control assembly. The injection assembly includes a ring distributor and an air supply pipeline. The ring distributor is fixedly installed inside the cutterhead of the TBM, and multiple air inlet pipes and air outlet pipes extending to the outside of the cutterhead are fixedly installed on the ring distributor. The multiple air inlet pipes are fixedly connected to one end of a pneumatic rotary joint on the TBM through the distribution pipe. The air supply pipeline is fixedly installed outside the TBM and fixedly connected to the other end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the TBM. An electric proportional valve is fixedly installed on the air supply pipeline. The muck volume monitoring assembly is fixedly installed on the TBM, and the intelligent control assembly is fixedly installed outside the TBM. The electric proportional valve, the muck volume monitoring assembly, and the TBM are all electrically connected to the intelligent control assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the cutterhead of the full-face tunnel boring machine includes an annular cutterhead and four muck chutes. The four muck chutes are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the annular cutterhead and arranged in a ring. The muck discharge chamber of the full-face tunnel boring machine is located between the ends of the four muck chutes and is located at the center of the annular cutterhead. The muck discharge chamber of the full-face tunnel boring machine is provided with a communicating muck inlet and muck discharge channel. The muck inlet is located above the muck discharge channel and directly below one of the muck chutes.

[0008] Furthermore, the annular distributor is fixedly installed inside the annular cutter holder, and multiple air inlet pipes and air outlet pipes extend to the outside of the annular cutter holder; the multiple air inlet pipes are arranged circumferentially around the annular distributor and are vertically positioned, with the air inlets of the multiple air inlet pipes flush with the side wall of the annular cutter holder, and the air inlets of the multiple air inlet pipes are respectively fixedly connected to multiple outlet ends of the distribution pipe, and the inlet end of the distribution pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine; the multiple air outlet pipes are arranged circumferentially around the annular distributor and are horizontally or inclined, with the air inlets of the multiple air outlet pipes flush with the inner wall of the annular cutter holder.

[0009] Furthermore, the inlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to the mine compressed air pipeline fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the outlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to the other end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0010] Furthermore, the ballast monitoring component includes a weighing sensor, which is fixedly mounted on the idler roller of the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the weighing sensor is electrically connected to the intelligent control component.

[0011] Furthermore, the intelligent control component is a PLC control box or controller fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device for full-face tunnel boring machines of the present invention activates wind-assisted muck removal at the initial stage of muck accumulation. High-pressure gas is sprayed from multiple air outlets on the annular distributor to clean up the accumulated or adhered muck on the cutterhead, transforming passive manual intervention into proactive automatic prevention, effectively improving the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of full-face tunnel boring machines in complex strata.

[0014] This invention provides a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Set the safety threshold after slag removal hysteresis proportional coefficient of electric proportional valve ;

[0016] Step 2: The intelligent control component dynamically calculates the theoretical feed rate. and actual slag output The slag balance ratio can be calculated in real time using Formula 1. Formula 1: ;

[0017] Step 3: The intelligent control component determines the slag balance ratio. Is it below the safety threshold? If the slag balance ratio Higher than or equal to the safety threshold If there is no risk of slag buildup, and the slag balance ratio is [value missing], then [the following is a possible interpretation:] Below the safety threshold If a risk of stagnation is detected, the intelligent control component dynamically adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve using Formula 2. Formula 2: High-pressure gas is ejected from multiple outlet pipes on the annular distributor to provide wind-assisted muck removal for the cutterhead on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0018] Step 4: During wind-assisted slag removal, the intelligent control component continues to dynamically calculate the slag balance ratio. And dynamically adjust the opening of the electric proportional valve. Until the slag balance ratio is reached. Re-above or equal to the safety threshold Afterwards, the intelligent control component automatically closes the electric proportional valve, and the high-pressure gas stops providing wind-assisted muck removal to the cutterhead on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0019] Furthermore, in step two, the intelligent control component is electrically connected to the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to obtain the tunneling speed of the full-face tunnel boring machine. and cutter head diameter The intelligent control component calculates the theoretical feed rate using Formula 3. Formula 3: ,in, For comprehensive correction factors, This represents the density of the rock fragments.

[0020] Furthermore, in step two, the intelligent control component, through electrical connection with the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine, acquires information about the belt speed on the full-face tunnel boring machine. instantaneous velocity at a moment The intelligent control component, through electrical connection with the weighing sensor, acquires the speed of the conveyor belt on the full-face tunnel boring machine. Load per unit length at any time The intelligent control component calculates the actual slag output using Formula 4. Formula 4: ,in, Total duration For a certain moment.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes step five: the intelligent control component automatically records the start and end times of each wind-assisted slag removal operation and the opening degree of the electric proportional valve. Theoretical progress and actual slag output And generate runtime logs

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The dynamic wind-assisted slag removal method of the present invention dynamically compares the theoretical slag intake amount. and actual slag output The system initiates pneumatic-assisted muck removal at the initial stage of muck accumulation. High-pressure gas is ejected from multiple outlet pipes on the annular distributor to clear accumulated or adhered muck from the cutterhead. This transforms passive manual intervention into proactive automatic prevention, effectively improving the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of the full-face tunnel boring machine in complex geological formations. The intelligent control component also controls the start, stop, and magnitude of the high-pressure gas pneumatic force, enabling on-demand assistance. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ring distributor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the annular distributor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution pipe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] The numbers in the attached diagram are:

[0030] 1. Annular distributor; 11. Inlet pipe; 12. Outlet pipe; 13. Distribution pipe; 2. Cutter head; 21. Annular cutter holder; 22. Slag chute; 3. Slag discharge bin; 31. Slag inlet notch. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1, as Figures 1-4As shown, a dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) includes a jetting assembly, a muck volume monitoring assembly, and an intelligent control assembly. The jetting assembly includes a ring distributor 1 and an air supply pipeline. The ring distributor 1 is fixedly installed inside the cutterhead 2 of the TBM. Multiple air inlet pipes 11 and air outlet pipes 12 are fixedly installed on the ring distributor 1, extending to the outside of the cutterhead 2. The air inlet pipes 11 and air outlet pipes 12 extend out and are fixed to the cutterhead 2, thus fixing the ring distributor 1 inside the cutterhead 2. The multiple air inlet pipes 11 are fixedly connected to one end of a pneumatic rotary joint on the TBM via a distribution pipe 13. The air supply pipeline is fixedly installed outside the TBM and fixedly connected to the other end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the TBM. An electric proportional valve is fixedly installed on the air supply pipeline. The muck volume monitoring component is fixedly installed on the full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM). The intelligent control component is fixedly installed outside the TBM. The electric proportional valve, the muck volume monitoring component, and the TBM (the main controller on the TBM) are all electrically connected to the intelligent control component. To briefly describe, the cutterhead 2 of the TBM is rotatably mounted on the main beam of the TBM, and the pneumatic rotary joint of the TBM is fixedly mounted on the main beam. When the cutterhead 2 rotates, the muck material enters the muck chamber 3 of the TBM through the cutterhead 2, thus achieving muck discharge. When the cutterhead 2 rotates, the annular distributor 1 can withstand the vibration and impact during the tunneling process along with the cutterhead 2, and the distribution pipe 13 and multiple air inlet pipes 11 do not become entangled. When the slag is discharged, due to the stickiness of the slag itself and the possibility of the slag accumulating in front of and inside the cutterhead 2, a slag stagnation phenomenon is formed.

[0033] The intelligent control component is a PLC control box or controller fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine. The PLC control box can be a mining-grade explosion-proof and intrinsically safe PLC control box. In this embodiment, the intelligent control component uses a PLC control box, which is electrically connected to the electric proportional valve, the muck volume monitoring component, and the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to achieve communication.

[0034] The PLC control box is electrically connected to the muck volume monitoring components and the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to dynamically calculate the theoretical muck advance volume. and actual slag output This allows for the calculation of the slag balance ratio. The PLC control box controls the opening degree of the electric proportional valve through electrical connection. A safety threshold for hysteresis is typically set. The PLC control box determines the slag balance ratio. Is it below the safety threshold? If the slag balance ratio Higher than or equal to the safety threshold If there is no risk of slag buildup, and the slag balance ratio is [value missing], then [the following is a possible interpretation:] Below the safety threshold The system detects a risk of slag buildup. The PLC control box opens the electric proportional valve, allowing high-pressure gas to enter the annular distributor 1 through the supply line, pneumatic rotary joint, distribution pipe 13, and multiple inlet pipes 11. The high-pressure gas is then ejected from multiple outlet pipes 12 on the annular distributor 1, effectively clearing accumulated or adhered slag from the cutter head 2, thus achieving wind-assisted slag removal. Slag removal balance ratio. The lower the value, the larger the opening of the electric proportional valve, and the stronger the airflow of the high-pressure gas. When the slag balance ratio... Rebound to safe threshold After the above conditions are stabilized, the PLC control box controls the opening of the electric proportional valve to decrease linearly until it is completely closed.

[0035] The dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device in this embodiment starts wind-assisted muck removal at the initial stage of muck accumulation. High-pressure gas is sprayed out from multiple air outlet pipes 12 on the annular distributor 1 to clean up the muck material accumulated or adhering to the cutterhead 2. This transforms passive manual intervention into proactive automatic prevention, effectively improving the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of the full-face tunnel boring machine in complex strata.

[0036] The dynamic wind-assisted muck removal device in this embodiment has the following advantages: 1. Active prevention, significantly improving the continuity of tunnel boring machine excavation across the entire face; 2. Real-time monitoring of the muck removal balance ratio. Active intervention at the initial stage of slag buildup effectively avoids downtime caused by slag accumulation. Secondly, on-demand air supply ensures energy efficiency; based on the slag balance ratio. The opening of the electric proportional valve is dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand air supply. The airflow intensity of the high-pressure gas adaptively adjusts according to the severity of slag buildup, effectively avoiding energy waste and achieving significant energy savings. Third, intelligent control reduces reliance on manual labor; the entire process of data acquisition, calculation, judgment, execution, and adjustment is completed automatically without manual intervention, reducing operational intensity and improving the system's intelligence level. Fourth, the simple structure facilitates retrofitting; it fully utilizes the existing compressed air system in the mine, has a simple structure, requires minimal retrofitting work, and is easy to install and promote on existing full-face tunnel boring machines.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the cutterhead 2 of the full-face tunnel boring machine includes an annular cutterhead 21 and four chute plates 22. The four chute plates 22 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the annular cutterhead 21 and arranged in a ring. The muck discharge chamber 3 of the full-face tunnel boring machine is located between the ends of the four chute plates 22 and is located at the center of the annular cutterhead 21. The muck discharge chamber 3 of the full-face tunnel boring machine is provided with a communicating muck inlet 31 and a muck discharge channel (the arrow points in the direction of the extension of the muck discharge channel). The muck inlet 31 is located above the muck discharge channel and directly below one of the chute plates 22. The muck discharge bin 3 of the full-face tunnel boring machine is fixedly mounted on the main beam of the machine, while the annular cutterhead 21 is rotatably mounted on the main beam. When the cutterhead 2 rotates, the annular cutterhead 21 and the four muck chute plates 22 rotate together, while the muck discharge bin 3 remains stationary. Muck enters the fan-shaped area between the two muck chute plates 22. As the cutterhead 2 rotates, the slag between the two muck chute plates 22 falls from the muck inlet 31 into the muck discharge channel. The muck in the discharge channel is then discharged via a belt conveyor on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the annular distributor 1 is fixedly installed inside the annular cutterhead 21, and the annular distributor 1 is arranged in a circular pattern around the outside of the annular cutterhead 21. Multiple air inlet pipes 11 and air outlet pipes 12 extend to the outside of the annular cutterhead 21. The multiple air inlet pipes 11 are arranged circumferentially around the annular distributor 1 and are vertically positioned. The air inlets of the multiple air inlet pipes 11 are flush with the sidewall of the annular cutterhead 21, and the air inlets of the multiple air inlet pipes 11 are respectively fixedly connected to multiple outlet ends of the distribution pipe 13. The inlet end of the distribution pipe 13 is fixedly connected to one end of a pneumatic rotary joint on a full-face tunnel boring machine. Multiple air outlet pipes 12 are arranged circumferentially around the annular distributor 1 and are horizontally or inclined. The air inlets of the multiple air outlet pipes 12 are flush with the inner wall of the annular cutterhead 21 to prevent wear on the air outlet pipes 12. The number of air inlet pipes 11 and air outlet pipes 12 is not limited.

[0039] In this embodiment, there are four air inlet pipes 11, and the distribution pipe 13 (which is a flexible hose) has one inlet end and four outlet ends. The four outlet ends of the distribution pipe 13 are fixedly connected to the air inlets of the four air inlet pipes 11, respectively. In this embodiment, there are twelve air outlet pipes 12, with three air outlet pipes 12 between every two adjacent chute plates 22. Preferably, the diameter of the air outlet of the air outlet 12 is between 10mm and 15mm. High-pressure gas enters the four air inlet pipes 11 through the pneumatic rotary joint and the distribution pipes 13, and then enters the annular distributor 1. Finally, the high-pressure gas is ejected at high speed from the twelve air outlet pipes 12.

[0040] It should be noted that when the air outlet pipe 12 is set at an angle, the ejection angle of the air outlet of the air outlet pipe 12 is deflected to the rear of the rotation direction of the cutter head 2 and points towards the slag chute 22. For example, when the cutter head 2 rotates clockwise, the slag will stick to surface a of the slag chute 22 when it rotates and is discharged. High-pressure gas is sprayed obliquely from the air outlet pipe 12 directly onto surface a of the slag chute 22 (the high-pressure gas forms a highly efficient tangential airflow adhering to the inner wall of the cutter head 2), which more quickly removes the slag on surface a of the slag chute 22, realizing wind-assisted slag discharge. Preferably, when the air outlet pipe 12 is set at an angle, the angle between the axis of the air outlet pipe 12 and the annular distributor 1 is between 70 degrees and 80 degrees.

[0041] Furthermore, a one-way valve is fixedly installed at the air outlet of each air outlet pipe 12 to prevent rock debris from clogging the air outlet pipe 12.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the inlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to a mine compressed air pipeline fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the outlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to the other end of a pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine. High-pressure gas from the mine compressed air pipeline enters the air supply pipeline through the inlet end, and then enters the pneumatic rotary joint from the outlet end of the air supply pipeline.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the muck volume monitoring component includes a weighing sensor, which is fixedly mounted on the idler rollers of the full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM). The weighing sensor is electrically connected to the intelligent control component. To briefly describe, the belt conveyor on the full-face TBM has a belt and idler rollers, and the weighing sensor is fixedly mounted on the idler rollers. When the belt passes the weighing sensor on the idler roller, the weighing sensor acquires the muck volume of the belt on the full-face TBM. Load per unit length at any time This facilitates subsequent calculation of the actual slag output. .

[0044] Example 2, as Figure 5 As shown, a dynamic wind-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Set the safety threshold after slag removal hysteresis proportional coefficient of electric proportional valve In this implementation, the intelligent control component uses a PLC control box. The PLC control box is started, and safety thresholds are set through it. and proportionality coefficient Safety threshold The value range is 0.85-0.95, and the proportionality coefficient is... Configure and test on-site.

[0046] Step 2: The intelligent control component dynamically calculates the theoretical feed rate. and actual slag output The slag balance ratio can be calculated in real time using Formula 1. Formula 1: During the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) excavation process, the PLC control box continuously collects the TBM's excavation speed. and cutter head 2 diameter And the belt instantaneous velocity at a moment and belt Load per unit length at any time To realize the dynamic calculation of theoretical progress quantity and actual slag output The PLC control box dynamically calculates the slag balance ratio using Formula 1. .

[0047] Step 3: The intelligent control component determines the slag balance ratio. Is it below the safety threshold? If the slag balance ratio Higher than or equal to the safety threshold If there is no risk of slag buildup, and the slag balance ratio is [value missing], then [the following is a possible interpretation:] Below the safety threshold If a risk of stagnation is detected, the intelligent control component dynamically adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve using Formula 2. Formula 2: High-pressure gas is ejected from multiple outlet pipes 12 on the annular distributor 1 to provide pneumatic-assisted muck removal for the cutterhead 2 of the full-face tunnel boring machine. Muck removal balance ratio. The lower the value, the larger the opening of the electric proportional valve, and the stronger the high-pressure gas flow. This is based on the slag balance ratio. The size of the gas is adjusted by regulating the opening of the electric proportional valve, thereby dynamically adjusting the airflow of the high-pressure gas to precisely assist in slag removal.

[0048] Step 4: During wind-assisted slag removal, the intelligent control component continues to dynamically calculate the slag balance ratio. And dynamically adjust the opening of the electric proportional valve. Until the slag balance ratio is reached. Re-above or equal to the safety threshold Subsequently, the intelligent control component automatically closes the electric proportional valve, stopping the high-pressure gas from assisted muck removal from the cutterhead 2 of the full-face tunnel boring machine. Generally, when high-pressure gas begins assisted muck removal, the PLC control box continuously monitors the muck removal balance ratio. The change in pressure is such that the high-pressure gas flow rate is gradually reduced as the slag discharge condition improves (i.e., the opening of the dynamically adjusted electric proportional valve is adjusted accordingly). The PLC control box detected that the slag discharge recovery was smooth and the slag discharge balance ratio was [value missing]. As the pressure approaches 1, the opening of the electric proportional valve is gradually reduced until it is completely closed (the opening of the electric proportional valve is 0), and the PLC control box returns to the monitoring state. Preferably, the PLC control box is equipped with a display screen for visualization and convenient real-time manual operation. The PLC control box controls the start, stop, and magnitude of the high-pressure gas flow, providing on-demand assistance. The entire process achieves dynamic assistance in the muck removal stage, effectively preventing muck buildup and ensuring continuous and efficient tunneling by the full-face tunnel boring machine, effectively improving the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of the full-face tunnel boring machine in complex strata.

[0049] The dynamic wind-assisted slag removal method in this embodiment dynamically compares the theoretical slag intake volume. and actual slag output In the early stage of slag buildup, wind-assisted slag removal is activated. High-pressure gas is sprayed from multiple air outlets 12 on the annular distributor 1 to clean up the slag that has accumulated or adhered to the cutterhead 2. This transforms passive manual intervention into proactive automatic prevention, effectively improving the tunneling efficiency and adaptability of the full-face tunnel boring machine in complex strata.

[0050] As one possible implementation, in step two, the intelligent control component (PLC control box) is electrically connected to the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the PLC control box is electrically connected to the communication interface of the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine, thereby enabling the acquisition of the tunneling speed of the full-face tunnel boring machine. and cutter head 2 diameter The intelligent control component calculates the theoretical feed rate using Formula 3. Formula 3: ,in, For comprehensive correction factors, This refers to the density of the rock fragments. The rock fragment density is determined based on the local lithology (mudstone). The comprehensive correction factor is 2.1 tons / cubic meter. The value is set to 1.15 to correct for the looseness and asynchronous flow of the muck (i.e., to correct the deviation between the theoretical and actual values ​​caused by factors such as the looseness of the muck after rock mass fracturing and the asynchronous entry of the muck into cutterhead 2). Theoretical muck feed rate. It can be calculated using Formula 3.

[0051] As one possible implementation, in step two, the intelligent control component (PLC control box) is electrically connected to the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to obtain the speed of the conveyor belt on the full-face tunnel boring machine. instantaneous velocity at a moment (Unit: m / s); The intelligent control component (PLC control box) is electrically connected to the weighing sensor to obtain the speed of the conveyor belt on the full-face tunnel boring machine. Load per unit length at any time (Unit: kg / m³), the intelligent control component calculates the actual slag output using Formula 4. Formula 4: ,in, Total duration At a specific moment, the actual amount of slag discharged. It can be calculated using Formula 4.

[0052] As one possible implementation, it also includes step five: the intelligent control component automatically records the start and end times of each wind-assisted slag removal and the opening degree of the electric proportional valve. Theoretical progress and actual slag output It also generates an operation log. The operation log can then be used for fault warnings and performance analysis.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are only used to explain the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other implementation methods can be easily made by substitution or modification based on the technical content disclosed in this specification. Therefore, all changes and improvements made to the principles and process conditions of the present invention should be included within the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The system includes an injection assembly, a muck monitoring assembly, and an intelligent control assembly. The injection assembly includes a ring distributor (1) and an air supply pipeline. The ring distributor (1) is fixedly installed inside the cutterhead (2) of the full-face tunnel boring machine. Multiple air inlet pipes (11) and air outlet pipes (12) extending to the outside of the cutterhead (2) are fixedly installed on the ring distributor (1). The multiple air inlet pipes (11) are fixedly connected to one end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine through a distribution pipe (13). The air supply pipeline is fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine and fixedly connected to the other end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine. An electric proportional valve is fixedly installed on the air supply pipeline. The muck monitoring assembly is fixedly installed on the full-face tunnel boring machine. The intelligent control assembly is fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine. The electric proportional valve, the muck monitoring assembly, and the full-face tunnel boring machine are all electrically connected to the intelligent control assembly.

2. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutterhead (2) of the full-face tunnel boring machine includes an annular cutterhead (21) and four chute plates (22). The four chute plates (22) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the annular cutterhead (21) and arranged in a ring. The muck discharge chamber (3) of the full-face tunnel boring machine is located between the ends of the four chute plates (22) and the muck discharge chamber (3) is located at the center of the annular cutterhead (21). The muck discharge chamber (3) of the full-face tunnel boring machine is provided with a muck inlet gap (31) and a muck discharge channel. The muck inlet gap (31) is located above the muck discharge channel and directly below one of the chute plates (22).

3. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The annular distributor (1) is fixedly installed inside the annular cutter holder (21), and multiple air inlet pipes (11) and air outlet pipes (12) extend to the outside of the annular cutter holder (21). Multiple air inlet pipes (11) are arranged in a ring around the annular distributor (1) and are vertically arranged. The air outlets of multiple air inlet pipes (11) are flush with the side wall of the annular cutter holder (21). The air outlets of multiple air inlet pipes (11) are fixedly connected to multiple outlet ends of the distribution pipe (13). The inlet end of the distribution pipe (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine. Multiple air outlet pipes (12) are arranged in a ring around the annular distributor (1) and are horizontally or inclined. The air outlets of multiple air outlet pipes (12) are flush with the inner wall of the annular cutter holder (21).

4. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to the mine compressed air pipeline fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the outlet end of the air supply pipeline is fixedly connected to the other end of the pneumatic rotary joint on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

5. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ballast monitoring component includes a weighing sensor, which is fixedly mounted on the idler roller of the full-face tunnel boring machine and is electrically connected to the intelligent control component.

6. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal device for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control component is a PLC control box or controller that is fixedly installed outside the full-face tunnel boring machine.

7. A dynamic wind-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the safety threshold after slag removal hysteresis proportional coefficient of electric proportional valve ; Step 2: The intelligent control component dynamically calculates the theoretical feed rate. and actual slag output The slag balance ratio can be calculated in real time using Formula 1. Formula 1: ; Step 3: The intelligent control component determines the slag balance ratio. Is it below the safety threshold? If the slag balance ratio Higher than or equal to the safety threshold If there is no risk of slag buildup, and the slag balance ratio is [value missing], then [the following is a possible interpretation:] Below the safety threshold If a risk of stagnation is detected, the intelligent control component dynamically adjusts the opening of the electric proportional valve using Formula 2. Formula 2: High-pressure gas is ejected from multiple outlet pipes (12) on the annular distributor (1) to achieve wind-assisted muck removal on the cutterhead (2) of the full-face tunnel boring machine; Step 4: During wind-assisted slag removal, the intelligent control component continues to dynamically calculate the slag balance ratio. And dynamically adjust the opening of the electric proportional valve. Until the slag balance ratio is reached. Re-above or equal to the safety threshold Afterwards, the intelligent control component automatically controls the electric proportional valve to close, and the high-pressure gas stops to provide wind-assisted muck removal to the cutterhead (2) on the full-face tunnel boring machine.

8. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, the intelligent control component is electrically connected to the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to obtain the tunneling speed of the full-face tunnel boring machine. and the diameter of the cutter head (2) The intelligent control component calculates the theoretical feed rate using Formula 3. Formula 3: ,in, For comprehensive correction factors, This represents the density of the rock fragments.

9. The dynamic pneumatic-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, the intelligent control component is electrically connected to the main controller on the full-face tunnel boring machine to obtain the position of the conveyor belt on the full-face tunnel boring machine. instantaneous velocity at a moment The intelligent control component, through electrical connection with the weighing sensor, acquires the speed of the conveyor belt on the full-face tunnel boring machine. Load per unit length at any time The intelligent control component calculates the actual slag output using Formula 4. Formula 4: ,in, Total duration For a certain moment.

10. The dynamic wind-assisted muck removal method for a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, This also includes step five, where the intelligent control component automatically records the start and end times of each wind-assisted slag removal operation and the opening degree of the electric proportional valve. Theoretical progress and actual slag output And generate runtime logs.

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