Tunnel automatic energy trapping device and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and discloses a tunnel automatic energy capturing device and a construction method, which comprises a self-adaptive efficiency wind power generation module and a dual-mode energy storage power supply module for supplying power to equipment in the tunnel. The self-adaptive efficiency wind power generation module comprises a mounting support and a wind wheel power generation structure, and the mounting support is arranged at a tunnel arch foot. The wind wheel power generation structure comprises self-adaptive angle blades, a rotating shaft and a generator. The self-adaptive angle blades can adjust the deflection angle according to the wind speed. A plurality of self-adaptive angle blades are arranged in a circumferential direction on the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is connected with the input end of the generator, the generator is arranged on the mounting support, and the generator is electrically connected with the dual-mode energy storage power supply module. The application solves the problems of insufficient wind wheel adaptability and low wind energy utilization rate of the existing device, solves the problems of difficult power supply of heavy railway tunnel underground space, poor adaptability of equipment and tunnel environment and limited traditional pre-buried installation construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular discloses an automatic energy harvesting device and construction method for tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of heavy-haul railway tunnels, groundwater in the underlying rock and soil can easily cause safety hazards such as mudslides, track instability, and other issues, necessitating the continuous operation of a drainage system to ensure train safety. The core electrical equipment of the drainage system (such as pumping devices and water level monitors) requires a stable power supply over a long period, but the existing power supply model has significant drawbacks: 1. Defects in external power grid supply: The Shuohuang heavy-haul railway tunnels are mostly long-distance underground projects. The power grid cabling spans a large distance and the construction cost is high. In addition, the high humidity and strong vibration environment inside the tunnels can easily lead to cable aging and insulation deterioration, making subsequent maintenance extremely difficult. 2. Disadvantages of disposable battery power supply: Frequent battery replacement, high maintenance costs, and waste batteries can easily cause soil and groundwater pollution, which does not meet the requirements of green operation and maintenance.

[0003] Meanwhile, the Shuohuang heavy-haul railway tunnel is closed, and the piston wind (wind speed 1-3 m / s) generated by train movement and the natural ventilation airflow are stable and continuous, containing abundant low-wind-speed wind energy resources. However, existing wind power supply technologies have multiple shortcomings in adaptability: 1. Insufficient adaptability of wind turbines: Outdoor wind turbines that are too large are prone to encroaching on train clearance, while simply reducing their size will cause a sharp drop in wind energy capture efficiency, making it impossible to balance "safe passage" and "power generation efficiency". 2. Lack of structural synergy: The excessive installation height leads to inconvenience in construction and maintenance, and the "wall-hugging flow" characteristic of the tunnel arch structure is not utilized, resulting in low airflow utilization. 3. Weak environmental protection: The equipment lacks specific protective designs against tunnel dust and vibration, making it prone to failure due to dust accumulation and long-term vibration, and making it difficult to guarantee power generation efficiency and structural stability. 4. Low wind energy utilization: The lack of linkage control with traffic flow makes it impossible to maximize the capture of piston wind energy, and the unidirectional power generation design is not adapted to the bidirectional flow characteristics of natural wind in tunnels, thus limiting the utilization rate of wind energy. 5. Poor installation adaptability: Traditional installation relies on pre-embedded steel plates in the tunnel lining, which has strict requirements on the construction sequence, makes it difficult to control the pre-embedding accuracy, and cannot adapt to the renovation needs of tunnels during operation. The construction cost and cycle are high when adding equipment later.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new automatic tunnel energy harvesting device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide an automatic energy harvesting device and construction method for tunnels, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient wind turbine adaptability and low wind energy utilization rate of existing devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels, comprising an adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module and a dual-mode energy storage power supply module. The adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module includes a mounting support and a wind turbine power generation structure, with the mounting support disposed at the tunnel arch foot. The wind turbine power generation structure includes adaptive angle blades, a rotating shaft, and a generator. The adaptive angle blades are radially arranged around the rotating shaft in a plane parallel to the tunnel face, and the adaptive angle blades can adjust their deflection angle according to the wind speed. The rotating shaft is provided with multiple adaptive angle blades arranged circumferentially along the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is connected to the input end of the generator, which is mounted on the mounting support and electrically connected to the dual-mode energy storage power supply module. The dual-mode energy storage power supply module is used to supply power to equipment inside the tunnel.

[0007] Optionally, the adaptive angle blade includes a blade body, a blade root, a fixed baffle, a movable baffle, and an elastic element. The blade body is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft through the blade root. The fixed baffle is disposed on the rotating shaft in the radial direction. The movable baffle is disposed on the blade root in the radial direction of the rotating shaft. The elastic element is connected between the fixed baffle and the movable baffle.

[0008] Optionally, the blade body is a beak-shaped blade, and the blade body forms a guide surface, the curvature of which matches the airflow trajectory.

[0009] Optionally, the automatic energy harvesting device in the tunnel further includes an operation and maintenance platform, a wind direction sensor, and a vehicle sensing sensor. Multiple wind speed sensors are evenly distributed along the tunnel's extension direction within the tunnel. The vehicle sensing sensor is located at the tunnel entrance. Both the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor are connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The wind turbine power generation structure also includes a height adjustment mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism. The height adjustment mechanism is mounted on the mounting support and can be raised and lowered vertically. The angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on the height adjustment mechanism, and the generator is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism. The angle adjustment mechanism can drive the generator to rotate in a horizontal plane, and the angle adjustment mechanism is electrically connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The operation and maintenance platform can control the rotation angle of the angle adjustment mechanism based on the monitoring data from the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor.

[0010] Optionally, the wind turbine power generation structure further includes a wind concentrator shroud coaxially arranged with the wind turbine power generation structure. The wind concentrator shroud forms a wind concentrator channel, which is tapered. The end of the wind concentrator shroud corresponding to the tapered end of the wind concentrator channel is fixedly arranged on the outer casing of the generator; and the wind turbine power generation structure is arranged inside the wind concentrator channel.

[0011] Optionally, the dual-mode energy storage power supply module includes an equipment box, an energy storage core component, a charging controller, and a bidirectional inverter. The equipment box is installed inside the tunnel, forming an installation space. The bottom wall of the installation space is inclined at a set slope, and the equipment box also has heat dissipation holes communicating with the tunnel ventilation channel. The energy storage core component, the charging controller, and the bidirectional inverter are all installed in the installation space. The energy storage core component is used to store electrical energy. The bidirectional inverter is electrically connected to the generator and the energy storage core component respectively, and the bidirectional inverter can switch between AC and DC power. The charging controller is electrically connected to the energy storage core component and the equipment to be powered respectively, and the charging controller can switch between normal power supply mode and emergency power supply mode.

[0012] Optionally, the dual-mode energy storage power supply module further includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a smoke sensor installed inside the equipment box. The temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect temperature and humidity data inside the equipment box; the smoke sensor is used to detect smoke status inside the equipment box; the operation and maintenance platform is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the smoke sensor respectively, and is used to display temperature data, humidity data and smoke status.

[0013] Optionally, the mounting bracket includes a transverse support section, a vertical support section, and at least four inclined cables. The transverse support section is fixedly installed at the tunnel arch foot. The vertical support section is vertically installed on the transverse support section and connected to the height adjustment mechanism. One end of each inclined cable is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical support section, and the other end is connected to the tunnel wall through an expansion anchor. Two inclined cables are symmetrically arranged in the tunnel face, and the other two inclined cables are symmetrically arranged in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel face.

[0014] Optionally, a rubber damping pad and a spring damper are provided between the horizontal support section and the vertical support section; a damping ball is provided at the connection between the vertical support section and the height adjustment mechanism; and the generator is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism via a honeycomb damping seat.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides a construction method for an automatic energy harvesting device in a tunnel, which is used to install the automatic energy harvesting device in a tunnel, comprising the following steps: S1: A monitoring section is set up at a predetermined interval along the length of the tunnel, and a wind speed sensor is installed at a different height on each section. The wind speed sensor is used to continuously monitor for a predetermined period of time to obtain monitoring data. The wind force index data is calculated based on the monitoring data, and the location of the wind speed sensor with the best wind force index data is selected as the installation location of the wind turbine power generation structure. Among them, the wind force index data includes average wind speed, standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation, and wind power fluctuation rate, with the priority order being average wind speed, wind power fluctuation rate, and standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation.

[0016] S2: Install adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation modules according to the installation location of the wind turbine power generation structure; S3: Set the dual-mode energy storage power supply module on the side wall of the tunnel drainage ditch or embed it into the pre-reserved groove in the bottom of the drainage ditch. Use epoxy mortar to seal and fix the equipment box to the side wall / bottom concrete, ensuring that the top of the equipment box is flush with the drainage ditch cover. S4: Perform height adjustment debugging, angle adjustment and automatic wind chasing debugging, traffic flow linkage energy gathering debugging, dual-mode power supply debugging, and dustproof and vibration resistance tests in sequence. After completion, perform a durability test for a set test duration. If there are no abnormalities, the installation of the tunnel automatic energy harvesting device is completed.

[0017] Optionally, S2 specifically includes: S2.1 Using a total station, the transverse support section for installing the bearing is set at the tunnel arch foot corresponding to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure, and then the vertical support section is set on the transverse support section, with the vertical support section set close to the tunnel sidewall. S2.2 Install the height adjustment mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism in sequence, install the inclined cable and adjust the preload to the set value; S2.3 Install the generator onto the angle adjustment mechanism via the honeycomb shock-absorbing base, assemble the adaptive angle blades with the shaft, and then coaxially connect the shaft to the input end of the generator to complete the overall assembly of the wind turbine power generation structure. S2.4 Install the wind concentrator, vehicle sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and smoke sensor. Adjust the wind turbine power generation structure to the corresponding height using the height adjustment mechanism according to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure, and adjust the wind turbine power generation structure to the initial angle using the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0018] Optionally, the angle adjustment mechanism is equipped with an angle encoder for measuring the current angle of the wind turbine.

[0019] Optionally, the specific process of the tunnel automatic energy harvesting device automatically following the wind includes: ① The original wind direction angle, vehicle status data, and the current angle of the wind turbine are measured using a wind direction sensor, a vehicle induction sensor, and an angle encoder, respectively; among which, the vehicle status data includes the vehicle approach signal S. carThe vehicle's circumferential distance d, vehicle speed v, and vehicle direction D car S car A value of 0 indicates that no train is approaching. car A value of 1 indicates that a train is approaching; ② The original wind direction angle is smoothed using a moving average filter to obtain the filtered wind direction angle, as shown in the following formula: ; in: The length of the sliding window; Original wind direction angle data The corresponding data collection time, The sampling interval; This is the filtered wind direction angle. Number the original wind direction angle data; ③ Based on the vehicle's circumferential distance and approach signal angle, the current operating conditions are divided into two categories: no-train natural wind operating conditions and train-in-piston wind operating conditions. Specifically: When S car When =0 or d>50m, natural wind is captured first, which is the natural wind condition without train; When S car When =1 and d≤50m, train piston wind is captured first, which is the working condition with train piston wind. ④ The target angle of the wind turbine is calculated based on the current operating condition, specifically: Target angle of wind turbine under natural wind conditions without train operation The specific formula is: ; Under train piston wind conditions, the target angle of the wind turbine. The specific formula is: ; in: The piston wind-dominant angle is consistent with the vehicle's direction of travel; and These are the weighting coefficients for the dominant angle of the piston wind and the weighting coefficients for the filtered wind direction angle, respectively. + =1; ⑤ Calculate the target angle of the wind turbine. Current angle of the wind turbine The difference is used by the operation and maintenance platform to drive the angle adjustment mechanism to rotate by the corresponding difference angle using a quantitative PID control algorithm. The specific formula is as follows: ; in: For the first Motor control increment during the next sampling; is the angular error during the th sampling; , and are the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients respectively.

[0020] Optionally, when the current tunnel is a two-way traffic tunnel, tunnel automatic energy capture devices are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel. When the detected vehicle driving direction D car signal is 1, the tunnel automatic energy capture device on the uphill side is started for automatic wind chasing, and the other tunnel base drainage system remains standby, and α piston = ; when the detected vehicle driving direction D car signal is 0, the tunnel automatic energy capture device on the downhill side is started for automatic wind chasing, and the other tunnel base drainage system remains standby, and α piston = .

[0021] Optionally, the weight coefficients and are determined according to the circumferential distance of the vehicle. Specifically: When d ≤ 20 m or the current tunnel is a one-way traffic tunnel, the piston wind is dominant, is set to 1, is set to 0; When 20 < d ≤ 50 m, the weights are linearly transitioned. The specific formula is as follows: = 30 / (50 - d); = 30 / (d - 20).

[0022] Optionally, after using the quantitative PID control algorithm of the operation and maintenance platform to drive the angle adjustment mechanism to rotate the corresponding difference angle, it further includes: Let the difference between the current angle and the target angle of the wind wheel be |Δα|. According to the set angle error threshold Δα th , it is judged whether the wind wheel power generation structure rotates in place. Specifically: When |Δα| > Δα th , the wind wheel power generation structure does not rotate in place. The adjustment amount corresponding to the angle adjustment mechanism is calculated according to |Δα|, and the angle adjustment mechanism is started to adjust the angle of the adaptive angle blade according to the adjustment amount; When |Δα| ≤ Δα th , the wind wheel power generation structure rotates in place, and the angle adjustment mechanism is locked by the locking mechanism.

[0023] This invention utilizes the piston wind from vehicles within a tunnel and bidirectional natural wind as power sources. An adaptive, enhanced wind power generation module captures and converts wind energy, which is then stably stored and output through a dual-mode energy storage and power supply module, providing continuous power to equipment within the tunnel and also offering emergency power supply capabilities. This invention solves the problems of insufficient wind turbine compatibility and low wind energy utilization in existing devices, as well as the challenges of power supply in underground spaces of heavy-haul railway tunnels, poor equipment compatibility with the tunnel environment, and limitations of traditional pre-embedded installation. It enables unattended, long-term operation of the drainage system, significantly reduces construction and maintenance costs, improves tunnel traffic safety and emergency response capabilities, and is compatible with both newly built and operational tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the automatic tunnel energy harvesting device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blade body in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adaptive angle blade in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-mode energy storage power supply module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of icon numbers: 1 Adaptive Enhanced Wind Power Generation Module, 1.1 Mounting Support, 1.1.1 Inclined Cable, 1.2 Wind Turbine Power Generation Structure, 1.2.1 Adaptive Angle Blade, A1 Blade Body, A11 Guide Surface, A2 Blade Root, A3 Fixed Baffle, A4 Movable Baffle, A5 Elastic Component, 1.2.2 Shaft, 1.2.3 Generator, 1.2.4 Wind Concentrator, 1.2.5 Height Adjustment Structure, 1.2.6 Angle Adjustment Mechanism, 1.2.7 Dust Collector Vibrator, 1.2.8 Tail Rudder, 1.2.9 Signal Receiver, 2 Dual-Mode Energy Storage and Power Supply Module, 2.1 Energy Storage Core Component, 2.2 Charging Controller, 2.3 Bidirectional Inverter, 3 Tunnel, 3.1 Drainage Ditch, 3.2 Tunnel Sidewall, 3.3 Railway Track, 3.4 Ballast.

[0027] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0030] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: This invention proposes an automatic tunnel energy harvesting device, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient wind turbine adaptability and low wind energy utilization rate of existing devices.

[0034] This embodiment is applied to a tunnel 3 working condition. The specific information of tunnel 3 is as follows: net width 5-6 m, net height 7-8 m, piston wind speed 1-3 m / s, ambient temperature -10℃-40℃, relative humidity 60%-95%, drainage ditch 3.1 sidewall concrete strength C30, cover plate load capacity ≥150 kg / ㎡; tunnel 3 is equipped with ballast 3.4 and iron wheel track 3.3 set on ballast 3.4.

[0035] See Figures 1 to 6This embodiment proposes an automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels, including an adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module 1 and a dual-mode energy storage and power supply module 2. The adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module 1 includes a mounting support 1.1 and a wind turbine power generation structure 1.2. The mounting support 1.1 is disposed at the arch foot of the tunnel 3. The wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 includes adaptive angle blades 1.2.1, a rotating shaft 1.2.2, and a generator 1.2.3. The adaptive angle blades 1.2.1 are radially arranged about the rotating shaft 1.2.2, parallel to the tunnel face 3. The adaptive angle blades 1.2.1 are capable of adjusting their deflection angle according to wind speed. Multiple adaptive angle blades 1.2.1 are arranged circumferentially along the rotating shaft 1.2.2. The rotating shaft 1.2.2 is connected to the input end of the generator 1.2.3, which is mounted on the mounting bracket 1.1 and electrically connected to the dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2. The dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2 is used to supply power to equipment within the tunnel 3. This embodiment uses the piston wind from vehicles and bidirectional natural wind within the tunnel 3 as power sources. The adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module 1 captures and converts wind energy, which is then stably stored and output by the dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2 to provide continuous power to equipment within the tunnel 3, and also has an emergency power supply function. This embodiment solves the problems of insufficient wind turbine compatibility and low wind energy utilization in existing devices, as well as the power supply difficulties in the underground space of heavy-haul railway tunnel 3, poor equipment compatibility with the tunnel 3 environment, and limitations of traditional pre-embedded installation. It enables unattended long-term operation of the drainage system, significantly reduces construction and maintenance costs, improves the traffic safety and emergency response capabilities of tunnel 3, and is compatible with both newly built and operational tunnels. In this embodiment, the mounting support 1.1 is installed on the cover plate of the drainage ditch 3.1 at the arch foot of tunnel 3.

[0036] The adaptive angle blade 1.2.1 includes a blade body A1, a blade root A2, a fixed baffle A3, a movable baffle A4, and an elastic element A5. The blade body A1 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 1.2.2 via the blade root A2. The fixed baffle A3 is disposed on the rotating shaft 1.2.2 along the radial direction of the rotating shaft 1.2.2. The movable baffle A4 is disposed on the blade root A2 along the radial direction of the rotating shaft 1.2.2. The elastic element A5 connects the fixed baffle A3 and the movable baffle A4. The blade body A1 is a beak-shaped blade, and the blade body A1 forms a guide surface A11, the curvature of which matches the airflow trajectory. In this embodiment, the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 adopts a "bionic airfoil + variable pitch three-blade" design, preferably three high-strength carbon fiber blades (density 1.6-1.8 g / cm³). 3With a tensile strength ≥3500MPa, the blade diameter is reduced to 0.4-0.6 m, completely avoiding train clearance. The blade body A1 adopts an "eagle beak-shaped biomimetic airfoil" with a thick leading edge and a thin trailing edge. The curvature of the surface precisely matches the low wind speed airflow trajectory of Tunnel 3. Combined with the elastic variable pitch mechanism (adjustment range 0°-20°) at the blade root A2, the wind energy capture efficiency is increased by more than 40% compared with traditional wind turbines of the same size, and the power generation is maintained at 500-800 W. The blade surface is sprayed with a "micron-level wear-resistant hydrophobic coating" (contact angle ≥110°) to reduce dust adhesion and reduce airflow friction resistance. The starting wind speed is ≤0.4 m / s, which is suitable for the low wind speed environment of Tunnel 3.

[0037] The automatic energy harvesting device in the tunnel also includes an operation and maintenance platform, a wind direction sensor, and a vehicle sensing sensor. Multiple wind speed sensors are evenly distributed along the extension direction of tunnel 3 within tunnel 3. The vehicle sensing sensor is located at the entrance of tunnel 3. Both the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor are connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 also includes a height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 and an angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. The height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 is mounted on the mounting support 1.1 and can be raised and lowered vertically. The angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 is mounted on the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5, and the generator 1.2.3 is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. The angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 can drive the generator 1.2.3 to rotate in the horizontal plane, and is electrically connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The operation and maintenance platform can control the rotation angle of the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 based on the monitoring data from the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor. In this embodiment, the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 adopts a screw and nut type structure, with an adjustment range of 1.0-2.0 m, an adjustment accuracy of ±5 mm, and a load capacity of ≥80 kg; the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 adopts a worm gear type structure, with an adjustment range of 360°, an adjustment accuracy of ±1°, and is driven by a servo motor to realize the height and angle adjustment of the wind power generation structure.

[0038] The wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 also includes a wind concentrator 1.2.4 coaxially arranged with the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2. The wind concentrator 1.2.4 forms a wind concentrating channel, which is tapered. The end of the wind concentrator 1.2.4 corresponding to the tapered end of the wind concentrator channel is fixedly mounted on the housing of the generator 1.2.3; and the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 is disposed within the wind concentrator channel. The wind concentrator 1.2.4 can concentrate and guide the piston wind to the wind turbine, increasing the wind speed at the wind turbine by 30%-50%; it retracts after the vehicle has completely driven away, avoiding interference with natural wind flow.

[0039] The dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2 includes an equipment box, an energy storage core component 2.1, a charging controller 2.2, and a bidirectional inverter 2.3. The equipment box is located inside the tunnel 3, forming an installation space. The bottom wall of the installation space is inclined at a set angle, and the equipment box also has heat dissipation holes communicating with the ventilation channel of the tunnel 3. The energy storage core component 2.1, the charging controller 2.2, and the bidirectional inverter 2.3 are all located in the installation space. The energy storage core component 2.1 is used to store electrical energy. The bidirectional inverter 2.3 is electrically connected to the generator 1.2.3 and the energy storage core component 2.1, and can switch between AC and DC power. The charging controller 2.2 is electrically connected to the energy storage core component 2.1 and the equipment to be powered, and can switch between normal power supply mode and emergency power supply mode. This embodiment achieves stable storage and on-demand output of electrical energy through energy storage and control, and optimizes the sealing design for the humid and dusty environment around the drainage ditch 3.1. The core energy storage component 2.1 uses a 12-24V lithium iron phosphate battery pack (capacity 100-150 Ah), with a cycle life of ≥2000 cycles and triple protection functions against overcharge, over-discharge, and over-temperature (-20℃-60℃). It is equipped with a "balanced charging module + 50 Ah emergency backup cell" (independently packaged). Under normal operating conditions, the backup cell is in standby floating charge and automatically activated in case of emergencies. A new "wind-solar hybrid adapter interface" is added, reserving space for the installation of micro solar panels, suitable for scenarios with weak natural winds, such as long tunnels. The dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2's dual-mode power supply switching function can achieve seamless switching between normal power supply mode and emergency power supply mode in 1 second by integrating an MPPT charging controller 2.2 (tracking accuracy ≥99%) and a bidirectional inverter 2.3 (conversion efficiency ≥93%). (1) Conventional power supply mode: The DC power converted from wind energy is inverted into 220 V AC power, which is given priority to power the pumping device and water level monitor of the Tunnel 3 foundation. The remaining power is stored in the battery pack. (2) Emergency power supply mode: When the fire alarm of Tunnel 3 is connected, the water level exceeds the standard (base water level ≥30 cm), or the external power grid is cut off, the emergency power supply priority is switched to supply power to the local ventilation fan, emergency lighting and evacuation signs of Tunnel 3. The duration of a single emergency power supply is ≥4 hours.

[0040] In this embodiment, waterproof and flame-retardant cables are laid along the reserved channel on the side wall of the drainage ditch 3.1, dustproof sealing sleeves are installed and filled with fireproof mud, and the circuit connection is completed in the order of "wind power generation module → height adjustment mechanism control module → energy storage power supply module → drainage system equipment → emergency equipment" to ensure that the built-in wiring of the height adjustment mechanism is firmly connected.

[0041] In this embodiment, wiring is installed inside the equipment box to sequentially connect the MPPT charging controller 2.2, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the bidirectional inverter 2.3, and temperature, humidity, and smoke sensors are installed. Then, the equipment box is connected to the tunnel 3 emergency control system and the height and angle adjustment mechanism (angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 and height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5) control module. The emergency mode trigger interface and the automatic wind-following linkage interface are debugged to ensure smooth signal transmission (response time ≤ 1 s).

[0042] The core energy storage component 2.1 is integrated into a 60 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm stainless steel equipment box (IP66 protection level). It is directly mounted on the side wall of the drainage ditch 3.1 or embedded in the pre-reserved groove in the bottom paving next to the drainage ditch 3.1. The top is flush with the cover plate of the drainage ditch 3.1 and sealed with epoxy mortar to the side wall / bottom concrete. The box is equipped with a dust settling tank (bottom slope ≥ 5°), a 5 mm thick moisture-proof pad, and louvered heat dissipation holes aligned with the natural ventilation channel of Tunnel 3. Temperature and humidity sensors (accuracy ± 2% RH) and smoke sensors are installed in the box to monitor the environmental status in real time. In case of abnormality, feedback is sent to the operation and maintenance platform through a wireless transmission module (compatible with the Tunnel 3 LTE communication system).

[0043] The dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2 also includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a smoke sensor installed in the equipment box. The temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect the temperature and humidity data in the equipment box; the smoke sensor is used to detect the smoke status in the equipment box; the operation and maintenance platform is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the smoke sensor respectively, and is used to display the temperature data, humidity data and smoke status.

[0044] The mounting support 1.1 includes a horizontal support section, a vertical support section, and at least four inclined cables 1.1.1. The horizontal support section is fixedly installed at the arch foot of tunnel 3. The vertical support section is vertically installed on the horizontal support section and connected to the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5. One end of each inclined cable 1.1.1 is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical support section, and the other end is connected to the tunnel wall through an expansion anchor. Two inclined cables 1.1.1 are symmetrically arranged within the tunnel face of tunnel 3, and the other two inclined cables 1.1.1 are symmetrically arranged in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel face of tunnel 3. In this embodiment, the mounting support 1.1 uses the drainage ditch 3.1 of tunnel 3 as the mounting carrier and is designed as an L-shaped steel support, serving as the load-bearing and fixing foundation for the entire device. It also optimizes vibration reduction and dustproof design to adapt to the vibration, dusty environment of tunnel 3 and the humid environment of drainage ditch 3.1.

[0045] In this embodiment, the mounting support 1.1 is a 304 stainless steel L-shaped steel support (overall thickness 1.2 cm), which is divided into a vertical support section (30 cm × 20 cm, which is closely attached to the tunnel 3 sidewall in sequence) and a horizontal support section (40 cm × 20 cm, which is horizontally supported on the drainage ditch 3.1 cover plate), forming a stable L-shaped structure of "attached to the wall + supported"; the load-bearing capacity of a single support is ≥100 kg after force verification, which meets the requirement of 2.0 times safety factor and is suitable for the overall weight of the equipment (≤50 kg). The vertical support section is fixed to the concrete of the tunnel 3 sidewall using M12 stainless steel expansion bolts (15 cm spacing, embedment depth ≥ 10 cm). Epoxy anchoring adhesive (bonding strength ≥ 10 MPa) is filled between the bolts and the hole wall to enhance the fixing strength. A 20 mm thick anti-slip rubber pad (friction coefficient ≥ 0.8) + 5 mm thick stainless steel load-bearing reinforcing rib is added between the transverse support section and the drainage ditch 3.1 cover plate to distribute the weight of the equipment, prevent damage to the drainage ditch 3.1 cover plate, and prevent the support from sliding due to train vibration. The height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 of the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 is connected to the installation support 1.1 via a vertical triangular truss bracket, and is further reinforced by a stainless steel diagonal cable 1.1.1 (8 mm diameter). One end of the cable is connected to the top of the bracket, and the other end is fixed to an M16 expansion anchor bolt (embedding depth ≥ 15 cm) on the tunnel sidewall 3.2. The cable preload is adjusted to 20. N・m, forming a four-point coordinated force system of "drainage ditch 3.1L-type support → vertical support → inclined cable 1.1.1 → tunnel 3 side wall 3.2 anchor bolt", which improves vibration stability by 30% compared with the traditional pre-embedded steel plate design.

[0046] A rubber damping pad and a spring damper are provided between the horizontal support section and the vertical support section; a damping ball is provided at the connection between the vertical support section and the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5; the generator 1.2.3 is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 via a honeycomb damping seat.

[0047] This embodiment features a triple vibration damping structure along the force transmission path of "drainage ditch 3.1 support - bracket - wind turbine / generator 1.2.3", which can absorb more than 90% of the train vibration energy (vibration transmission rate ≤10%), preventing the equipment from loosening bolts and fatigue damage of components due to long-term vibration. Specifically: ① Primary vibration reduction: A combination of rubber damping pads and spring dampers (total thickness 15 mm, natural frequency ≤ 5 Hz) is added between the horizontal support section and the vertical support section of the mounting bracket 1.1 to buffer the vibration of the foundation; ② Secondary vibration reduction: Silicone damping balls (50 mm in diameter, Shore hardness 40°) are installed at the connection between the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 and the vertical triangular truss support to buffer the coupled impact of the wind turbine rotation and the vibration of tunnel 3. ③ Three-stage vibration reduction: A honeycomb-shaped vibration damping base (aluminum honeycomb core thickness 20 mm) is installed at the bottom of generator 1.2.3 to absorb the dual effects of generator 1.2.3's own operation and external vibration.

[0048] In this embodiment, the wind turbine body is coated with a hydrophobic coating, and an externally installed dust collector vibrator 1.2.7 is timed to start. The generator 1.2.3 adopts a sealed housing (IP66 protection level), with only ventilation holes (2 mm diameter, with built-in dustproof mesh) to completely isolate the dust from tunnel 3 and the moisture from the drainage ditch 3.1. All stainless steel supports and brackets are coated with an epoxy zinc-rich coating (thickness ≥80μm), achieving an IP65 rust and water resistance level, suitable for the humid environment around the drainage ditch 3.1. The cable is YJV22-3×2.5 mm. 2 Waterproof and flame-retardant cables (IP67 protection rating) are laid along the pre-reserved channel (10 cm wide, 5 cm deep) on the side wall of the drainage ditch 3.1. The channel is equipped with a waterproof and dustproof cover, and dustproof sealing sleeves are installed at the inlet and outlet. The channel is filled with fireproof mud (fire resistance limit ≥3 h). The cable joint adopts "crimping + welding + double-layer heat shrink tubing sealing" and is equipped with an insulation monitoring sensor (accuracy ±0.1 MΩ) to monitor the insulation performance in real time. The grounding resistance is controlled within 4Ω.

[0049] This embodiment also includes a signal receiver 1.2.9 and a tail rudder 1.2.8, which are core supporting units for the intelligent control and aerodynamic adaptation of this device, and are fully compatible with the core design of automatic wind following and emergency support. Among them, the signal receiver 1.2.9 is an industrial-grade integrated control unit with IP66 protection level, which is integrated and installed in the side-sealed protective box of the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. It adopts a dual-redundant communication architecture, which can simultaneously collect data from all sensors along the route, such as vehicle sensing, wind direction, angle, and equipment status. After preprocessing, it is uploaded to the operation and maintenance platform in real time. At the same time, it relays and executes control commands issued by the platform, such as angle adjustment, locking and unlocking, and mode switching. When tunnel communication is interrupted, it can also independently execute local emergency control, simultaneously monitor equipment failures and trigger early warnings. The tail rudder 1.2.8 is a symmetrical streamlined stainless steel airfoil structure, which is coaxially mounted on the tail of the generator 1.2.3 with the wind turbine shaft via an electromagnetic clutch mechanism and is electrically connected to the signal receiver. Under normal operating conditions, the electromagnetic clutch is engaged, and the tail rudder rotates synchronously with the angle adjustment mechanism, which can optimize the downstream flow field of the wind turbine and reduce wind resistance. In the event of an electrical control or power supply failure, the clutch automatically disengages, and the tail rudder can rotate freely. Through the action of airflow, it drives the wind turbine to passively align with the mainstream wind direction, realizing emergency wind chasing without electrical control, which is perfectly adapted to the bidirectional airflow characteristics of tunnels.

[0050] Example 2: This embodiment provides a construction method for an automatic energy harvesting device in a tunnel, used to install the aforementioned automatic energy harvesting device in tunnel 3, including the following steps: S1: Along the length of tunnel 3, one monitoring section is set at a predetermined interval, and a wind speed sensor is installed at a different height on each section. The wind speed sensor is used to continuously monitor for a predetermined time to obtain monitoring data. Based on the monitoring data, wind force index data is calculated. The location of the wind speed sensor with the best wind force index data is selected as the installation location of the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2. Among them, the wind force index data includes average wind speed, standard deviation of wind direction fluctuation, and wind power fluctuation rate. In this embodiment, the continuous monitoring period is set to 72 hours. Based on the 72-hour coverage of the entire train operation, the core criteria for selecting installation points suitable for small-sized, low-wind-speed wind turbines are as follows: First, wind speed stability, requiring an average wind speed ≥1.0 m / s, a relative wind speed fluctuation rate ≤45%, and a duration of wind speed not lower than 0.4 m / s for the wind turbine initiation for ≥85% of the monitoring period; second, wind direction stability, requiring an hourly wind direction fluctuation standard deviation ≤20°, a mainstream wind direction ratio ≥65%, and no more than 5 sudden changes in wind direction exceeding 30° within a single hour; and third, wind energy stability, requiring a wind energy power fluctuation rate ≤60%.

[0051] In this embodiment, a monitoring section is set at intervals along the length of tunnel 3, with a height of 1.5m below the arch foot of tunnel 3 as the priority benchmark. Each section has wind speed sensors installed at heights of 1.0m, 1.5m, and 2.0m. Wind field monitoring data is obtained by continuously monitoring the wind speed sensors for a set period. The selection is based on the principle of "highest average wind speed and most stable airflow." If the wind field parameters at a given point do not meet the requirements, or if there are obstacles to installation, a point within the same section that meets the selection principle is selected as the installation location. In this embodiment, the installation location is preferentially chosen as 1.5m below the arch foot as the installation location for the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2, including the corresponding monitoring section position and installation height. In this embodiment, the vehicle sensing sensor uses existing infrared or radar sensors with a detection range of 0-50m, a response time ≤0.5s, and the ability to output a vehicle approach signal S. car (S) car =1 indicates that a vehicle is approaching, S car =0 indicates no vehicle), vehicle axial distance d, vehicle speed v, vehicle direction D. car (D) car =1 indicates that it is along the positive x-axis, D car =-1 indicates the negative x-axis direction); the wind direction sensor (measurement range 0°-360°, accuracy ±1°) can output the real-time raw wind direction angle θ. raw (t), sampling frequency f=10Hz; the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 encoder can output the current angle α of the wind turbine. current (t), sampling frequency f=10Hz.

[0052] S2: Install the adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module 1 according to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2, specifically including: S2.1 Using a total station, the transverse support section of the installation support 1.1 is set at the arch foot of tunnel 3 corresponding to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2. Then, the vertical support section is set on the transverse support section, and the vertical support section is set close to the side wall of tunnel 3. This embodiment uses the mileage markers of the side ditch of Tunnel 3 and the lining ring joints as references. A total station is used to precisely locate the L-shaped steel support installation point corresponding to the installation position of the wind turbine generator structure 1.2, avoiding the damaged section of drainage ditch 3.1, the weak area of ​​the lining, and the fractured zone of the surrounding rock. The L-shaped steel support is a 90° right-angle L-shape from the cross-sectional view of Tunnel 3, including a vertically set vertical support section and a horizontally set transverse support section. The vertical support section is tightly fitted to the outer wall surface of drainage ditch 3.1 near the side wall 3.2 of Tunnel 3, and anchored with multiple sets of M12 stainless steel expansion bolts. The hole walls and bolt gaps are filled with epoxy anchoring adhesive, and the effective depth of the bolt embedded in the concrete of the side wall of drainage ditch 3.1 is ≥10cm. Between the transverse support section and the cover plate of drainage ditch 3.1, 5mm thick stainless steel load-bearing reinforcing bars and 20mm thick steel reinforcing bars are laid sequentially from top to bottom. Thick anti-slip rubber pads are used to ensure that the transverse support section is horizontally supported on the upper surface of the drainage ditch 3.1 cover plate; a level is used to adjust the upper surface of the transverse support section to control its horizontal deviation to ≤1°, and a limiting block is set at the end of the transverse support section to engage with the edge of the drainage ditch 3.1 cover plate.

[0053] This embodiment also includes leveling the transverse support section using a level (accuracy ±1 mm / m) to ensure that the horizontal deviation of the support is ≤1°, providing a horizontal foundation for the subsequent installation of the height and angle adjustment mechanism.

[0054] S2.2 Install the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 and the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 in sequence, install the inclined cable 1.1.1 and adjust the preload to the set value; In this embodiment, one end of the inclined cable 1.1.1 is connected to the top of the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5, and the other end is fixed to the expansion anchor bolt of the tunnel sidewall 3.2. The cable preload is adjusted to 20 N·m to form a three-point synergistic force system.

[0055] S2.3 Install the generator 1.2.3 onto the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 using the honeycomb damping base, and install the wind turbine generator structure 1.2 onto the generator 1.2.3 using the damping ball. S2.4 Install the wind concentrator 1.2.4, vehicle sensing sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and smoke sensor. Adjust the wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 to the corresponding height according to its installation position using the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5, and adjust it to the initial angle using the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. In this embodiment, a vehicle sensing sensor (detection distance 0-50 m, response time ≤0.5 s) is installed at the entrance of tunnel 3. The vehicle sensing sensor is electrically connected to the operation and maintenance platform or signal receiver 1.2.9, and then the operation and maintenance platform sends control commands to the actuator.

[0056] S3: Set the dual-mode energy storage power supply module 2 on the side wall of the drainage ditch 3.1 in the tunnel 3 or embed it into the pre-reserved groove in the bottom of the drainage ditch 3.1. Use epoxy mortar to seal and fix the equipment box to the side wall / bottom concrete, and ensure that the top of the equipment box is flush with the cover plate of the drainage ditch 3.1. S4: Perform height adjustment debugging, angle adjustment and automatic wind chasing debugging, traffic flow linkage energy gathering debugging, dual-mode power supply debugging, and dustproof and vibration resistance tests in sequence. After completion, perform a durability test for a set test duration. If there are no abnormalities, the installation of the tunnel automatic energy harvesting device is completed.

[0057] The angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 is equipped with an angle encoder for measuring the current angle of the wind turbine; The specific process of automatic wind-following by the tunnel automatic energy harvesting device includes: ① The original wind direction angle, vehicle status data, and the current angle of the wind turbine are measured using a wind direction sensor, a vehicle induction sensor, and an angle encoder, respectively; among which, the vehicle status data includes the vehicle approach signal S. car The vehicle's circumferential distance d, vehicle speed, and vehicle direction of travel, S car A value of 0 indicates that no train is approaching. car A value of 1 indicates that a train is approaching; ② The original wind direction angle is smoothed using a moving average filter to obtain the filtered wind direction angle, as shown in the following formula: ; Where: N is the sliding window length, taken as N=5 (balancing response speed and smoothness); t is the original wind direction angle data θ raw The corresponding acquisition time, Δt is the sampling interval, Δt=1 / f=0.1s; This is the filtered wind direction angle. Number the original wind direction angle data; ③ Based on the vehicle's circumferential distance and approach signal angle, the current operating conditions are divided into two categories: no-train natural wind operating conditions and train-in-piston wind operating conditions. Specifically: When S carWhen \(S = 0\) or \(d>50m\), natural wind is preferentially captured, which is the natural wind condition without trains. When \(S\) car = 1 and \(d\leq50m\), train piston wind is preferentially captured, which is the piston wind condition with trains. ④. Calculate the target angle of the wind turbine according to the current working condition type. Specifically: Under the natural wind condition without trains, the specific formula for the target angle \(\alpha(t)\) of the wind turbine is: target (t) is: \(\alpha\) target (t)=\(\theta\) wind (t); In this embodiment, \(\theta\) wind (t) is \(15^{\circ}\).

[0058] Under the piston wind condition with trains, the specific formula for the target angle \(\alpha(t)\) of the wind turbine is: target (t) is: \(\alpha\) target (t)= \(w1\alpha\) piston +\(w2\theta\) wind (t); Where: \(\alpha\) piston is the dominant angle of the piston wind, which is consistent with the vehicle driving direction; \(w1\) and \(w2\) are the weight coefficients of the dominant angle of the piston wind and the filtered wind direction angle respectively, and \(w1 + w2 = 1\); When the current tunnel 3 is a two-way traffic tunnel 3, tunnel automatic energy capture devices are installed on both sides of the tunnel 3. When the detected vehicle driving direction Dcar signal is 1, the tunnel automatic energy capture device on the uphill side is started for automatic wind chasing, and the other tunnel 3 base drainage system remains standby, and \(\alpha\) piston = \(0^{\circ}\); When the detected vehicle driving direction Dcar signal is 0, the tunnel automatic energy capture device on the downhill side is started for automatic wind chasing, and the other tunnel 3 base drainage system remains standby, and \(\alpha\) piston = \(180^{\circ}\).

[0059] Determine the weight coefficients \(w1\) and \(w2\) according to the circumferential distance of the vehicle. Specifically: When \(d\leq20m\) or the current tunnel 3 is a one-way traffic tunnel 3, the piston wind is dominant, \(w1\) is set to 1, and \(w2\) is set to 0; When \(20 < d\leq50m\), the weights are linearly transitioned. The specific formula is as follows: \(w1 = 30 / (50 - d)\); \(w2 = 30 / (d - 20)\); ⑤. Calculate the target angle of the wind turbine and the current angle of the wind turbine The difference is used to drive the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 to rotate the corresponding difference angle by using the quantitative PID control algorithm on the operation and maintenance platform. The specific formula is as follows: Δu(k)=Kp⋅[e(k)-e(k-1)]+K i ⋅e(k)+K d ⋅[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]; Where: Δu(k) is the motor control increment at the k-th sampling; e(k) is the angle error at the k-th sampling, e(k) = α target (k)-α current (k); K p K i and K d These are the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients, respectively. In this embodiment, K is obtained through debugging. p =2、K i =0.1, K d =0.05 (satisfies response time ≤1s and adjustment accuracy ±1∘) After using the operation and maintenance platform and employing a quantitative PID control algorithm to drive the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 to rotate by the corresponding difference angle, it also includes: Let the difference between the current angle and the target angle of the wind turbine be |Δα|, and then, based on the set angle error threshold Δα... th To determine whether the wind turbine generator structure 1.2 has rotated into place, specifically: When |Δα|>Δα th When the wind turbine generator structure 1.2 is not rotated into position, the adjustment amount corresponding to the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6 is calculated according to |Δα|, and the angle adjustment mechanism is activated to adjust the angle of the adaptive angle blade 1.2.1 according to the adjustment amount; When |Δα|≤Δα th When the wind turbine generator structure 1.2 rotates into place, it is double-locked by the flange annular anti-slip tooth pattern + 8 sets of locking bolts.

[0060] The flange's annular anti-slip serrations and eight sets of locking bolts form a double-locking structure, which is the built-in core locking unit of the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. It is integrated with the mechanism's transmission, drive, and feedback units, and is not an external component. The angle adjustment mechanism is a horizontal rotary servo adjustment mechanism. Its bottom is rigidly fixed to the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5, and its top is connected to the generator 1.2.3 via a honeycomb-shaped shock-absorbing base. The core consists of a coaxially arranged fixed flange, a rotating flange, a worm gear drive pair, a waterproof servo geared motor, an absolute angle encoder, and the aforementioned double-locking unit. The fixed flange serves as the mechanism's fixing reference, while the rotating flange drives the wind turbine generator structure to rotate synchronously 360° horizontally. The worm gear pair, in conjunction with the servo motor, achieves precise angle adjustment. The encoder provides real-time feedback on the wind turbine's current angle, forming a closed-loop control. The worm gear's inherent reverse self-locking characteristic provides initial static anti-rotation. The annular anti-slip teeth of the dual locking unit are coaxially machined on the mating end face of the fixed and rotating flanges. They are hardened rectangular meshing end face teeth, which can restrict the relative rotation of the flange circumferentially. Eight sets of electric locking bolts are evenly arranged at 45° along the circumference of the flange. They are equipped with torque feedback actuators, which can simultaneously complete the tightening / loosening action to achieve axial clamping and anti-loosening of the flange.

[0061] The automatic locking mechanism of this structure forms a complete closed loop with the patented automatic wind-following process. The specific implementation logic is as follows: when the error between the target angle of the wind turbine calculated by the system and the current angle is ≤1° threshold, the servo motor stops, and the worm gear completes the initial reverse self-locking. The system then starts the locking program, and the 8 sets of locking bolts are tightened synchronously to the set torque, which drives the rotating flange to press down, so that the anti-slip teeth of the upper and lower flanges are fully engaged, forming a double mechanical locking of "circumferential anti-slip of the teeth + axial anti-loosening of the bolts". Combined with the reverse self-locking of the worm gear, it forms a triple redundant anti-vibration protection. The entire process is executed automatically. After locking, the angle deviation is ≤0.2°, which can completely resist the strong vibration impact of tunnel trains. When the wind direction and traffic conditions change and the angle error exceeds the threshold, the system first controls the bolts to loosen synchronously and the teeth to disengage to complete the unlocking, and then executes the angle adjustment action to form a complete automatic adjustment-locking closed loop.

[0062] ① After the device is installed, a full system linkage debugging is required. After all tests are normal, a 72-hour durability test is conducted. The core debugging content is the adjustment of the height and angle adjustment functions and the adaptability to the wind field, as detailed below: a. Height adjustment and debugging: Simulate airflow layers at different heights (1.0-2.0 m), drive the height adjustment mechanism 1.2.5 to complete the full stroke of lifting and lowering, and verify the adjustment accuracy (±5 mm), the reliability of the self-locking mechanism, and the lifting and lowering response speed (≤5s / 0.5 m). b. Angle adjustment and automatic wind-following debugging: Simulate different wind directions (0°-360°) and train piston wind, test the linkage response of wind direction sensor, vehicle sensing sensor and angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6, verify the angle adjustment accuracy (±1°) and the timeliness of automatic wind-following (response time ≤1s), and ensure that the wind turbine is always facing the mainstream airflow area; c. Traffic flow linkage energy concentration test: Simulate a train passing by and test the linkage response between the vehicle sensing sensor and the wind concentrator 1.2.4 opening / closing and the angle adjustment mechanism 1.2.6. After wind concentration, the wind speed at the wind turbine increases by 30%-50%, and the power generation efficiency meets the design requirements. d. Dual-mode power supply debugging: Test the stability of power supply in normal mode (output voltage 220V±5%) and the emergency mode switching response (≤1s), simulate fire, water level exceeding the standard, and power grid failure signals to verify the continuity of power supply to emergency equipment (duration ≥4h). e. Dust and vibration resistance test: Simulating the dust environment of Tunnel 3 (dust concentration ≥10mg / m³) 3 The equipment was tested on a vibration table (vibration acceleration ≤10 g) to verify its dustproof sealing performance (protection level IP66) and shock absorption effect (vibration transmission rate ≤10%), and the height and angle adjustment mechanism was found to be free from jamming and offset. f. 72-hour durability test: The entire system runs continuously for 72 hours, and the power generation efficiency (≥35%), battery charge and discharge cycle (capacity decay ≤2%), height adjustment mechanism stability, equipment sealing performance and support-mechanism structural stability are monitored in real time. It can be put into formal use only after no abnormalities are found.

[0063] The technical solution of this embodiment has the following technical effects: 1. Small size and high efficiency, ensuring safe train passage: The biomimetic airfoil + variable pitch double blade design reduces the diameter of the wind turbine power generation structure to 0.4-0.6m, completely avoiding train clearance limits. Moreover, the wind energy capture efficiency is more than 40% higher than that of the traditional wind turbine power generation structure of the same size. The power generation capacity meets the power supply needs of drainage equipment, solving the contradiction between "size and efficiency".

[0064] 2. Precise wind tracking with height and angle adjustment significantly improves wind energy utilization: The 1.0-2.0m vertical height adjustment can precisely adapt to the core flow zone along the tunnel wall at different heights, and the 360° horizontal angle adjustment enables automatic wind tracking in all directions. Combined with the traffic flow linkage wind gatherer 1.2.4 (piston wind speed increased by 30%-50%), the overall wind energy utilization rate is more than 60% higher than that of traditional devices, solving the industry pain point of "poor height / wind direction adaptability".

[0065] 3. Deep structural synergy in Tunnel 3 enhances environmental adaptability: The wind turbine power generation structure 1.2 is precisely positioned in the core area of ​​the flow along the arch foot wall through height adjustment, and guides the airflow of the arch wall with the arc-shaped guide plate, making full use of the arch structure characteristics of Tunnel 3; the equipment is seamlessly connected with the drainage ditch 3.1 facilities, the support is erected in the drainage ditch 3.1, and the energy storage box is embedded in the bottom groove, without occupying extra space in Tunnel 3, making installation and maintenance convenient.

[0066] 4. The equipment enclosure is dustproof, vibration-resistant, and durable, extending the equipment's service life: The all-round dustproof design (filter + sealed shell + internal wiring) effectively blocks tunnel dust, achieving an IP66 protection level; the triple shock absorption structure absorbs more than 90% of vibration energy, and the three-point synergistic force system improves vibration stability by 30%; the supports and metal structure are coated with an epoxy zinc-rich coating, making it suitable for humid environments such as drainage ditches, ensuring a service life of ≥12 years and reducing the failure rate by 50%.

[0067] 5. Two-way airflow compatibility ensures continuous power supply: The 360° angle adjustment + two-way power generation structure perfectly adapts to the two-way natural wind and train piston wind in the tunnel, with a power generation efficiency difference of ≤10% in multiple directions; when there is no traffic flow, the height adjustment adapts to the natural wind airflow layer + blade angle optimization to ensure stable power supply from natural wind; the battery pack energy storage and emergency backup cell design completely solves the problem of power outage.

[0068] 6. Convenient installation without pre-embedded components, suitable for both new and operational tunnels 3: Abandoning the design of pre-embedded steel plates in the lining, the 3.1L type support for the drainage ditch is used as the installation base. There is no need to control the construction sequence of pre-embedded components, the construction steps are simplified, and the installation accuracy is easy to control. It is suitable for synchronous installation in new tunnels 3, and is even more suitable for the renovation and equipment addition needs of operational tunnels 3, reducing construction costs by more than 62% and shortening the construction cycle by 55%.

[0069] 7. Dual-mode power supply + low-cost operation and maintenance, highly practical: The conventional mode provides all-weather power supply for drainage equipment, while the emergency mode fills the emergency power supply gap in Tunnel 3; the height and angle adjustment mechanism enables automated operation without manual intervention; no external power grid wiring, one-time battery replacement, or pre-embedded steel plate construction is required, and the entire life cycle is unattended. The operation and maintenance cost is reduced by more than 85% compared with the traditional power supply + pre-embedded installation mode, and it can be widely used in various heavy-load railway tunnels.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present invention using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes an adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module (1) and a dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2). The adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module (1) includes a mounting bracket (1.1) and a wind turbine power generation structure (1.2). The mounting bracket (1.1) is located at the arch foot of the tunnel (3). The wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) includes an adaptive angle blade (1.2.1), a rotating shaft (1.2.2), and a generator (1.2.3). The adaptive angle blade (1.2.1) is radially arranged with the rotating shaft (1.2.2) as the center in a plane parallel to the tunnel face (3). The adaptive angle blade (1.2.1) can adjust the deflection angle according to the wind speed; the rotating shaft (1.2.2) is provided with a plurality of adaptive angle blades (1.2.1) arranged circumferentially along the rotating shaft (1.2.2); the rotating shaft (1.2.2) is connected to the input end of the generator (1.2.3), the generator (1.2.3) is set on the mounting bracket (1.1), and the generator (1.2.3) is electrically connected to the dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2); the dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2) is used to supply power to the equipment in the tunnel (3).

2. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive angle blade (1.2.1) includes a blade body (A1), a blade root (A2), a fixed baffle (A3), a movable baffle (A4), and an elastic element (A5). The blade body (A1) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (1.2.2) through the blade root (A2). The fixed baffle (A3) is disposed on the rotating shaft (1.2.2) in the radial direction. The movable baffle (A4) is disposed on the blade root (A2) in the radial direction of the rotating shaft (1.2.2). The elastic element (A5) is connected between the fixed baffle (A3) and the movable baffle (A4).

3. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The blade body (A1) is a beak-shaped blade, and the blade body (A1) forms a guide surface (A11), the curvature of which matches the airflow trajectory.

4. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The tunnel automatic energy harvesting device also includes an operation and maintenance platform, a wind direction sensor, and a vehicle sensing sensor. Multiple wind speed sensors are evenly distributed along the tunnel's extension direction within the tunnel (3). The vehicle sensing sensor is located at the tunnel (3) entrance. Both the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor are connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) also includes a height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5) and an angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6). The height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5) is mounted on the mounting support (1.1). The device can be raised and lowered vertically; the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) is mounted on the height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5), and the generator (1.2.3) is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6). The angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) can drive the generator (1.2.3) to rotate in the horizontal plane, and the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) is electrically connected to the operation and maintenance platform. The operation and maintenance platform can control the rotation angle of the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) according to the monitoring data of the wind direction sensor and the vehicle sensing sensor.

5. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) further includes a wind-gathering shroud (1.2.4) coaxially arranged with the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2). The wind-gathering shroud (1.2.4) forms a wind-gathering channel, which is tapered. The end of the wind-gathering shroud (1.2.4) corresponding to the tapered end of the wind-gathering channel is fixedly arranged on the outer shell of the generator (1.2.3). The wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) is arranged inside the wind-gathering channel.

6. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2) includes an equipment box, an energy storage core component (2.1), a charging controller (2.2), and a bidirectional inverter (2.3). The equipment box is located inside the tunnel (3) and forms an installation space. The bottom wall of the installation space is inclined at a set slope. The equipment box is also provided with heat dissipation holes that communicate with the ventilation channel of the tunnel (3). The energy storage core component (2.1), the charging controller (2.2), and the bidirectional inverter (2.3) are all located in the installation space. The energy storage core component (2.1) is used to store electrical energy. The bidirectional inverter (2.3) is electrically connected to the generator (1.2.3) and the energy storage core component (2.1) respectively. The bidirectional inverter (2.3) can switch between AC and DC power. The charging controller (2.2) is electrically connected to the energy storage core component (2.1) and the equipment to be powered respectively. The charging controller (2.2) can switch between normal power supply mode and emergency power supply mode.

7. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2) also includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a smoke sensor installed in the equipment box. The temperature and humidity sensor is used to detect the temperature and humidity data in the equipment box; the smoke sensor is used to detect the smoke status in the equipment box. The operation and maintenance platform is electrically connected to the humidity and temperature sensor and the smoke sensor respectively, and is used to display temperature data, humidity data and smoke status.

8. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (1.1) includes a horizontal support section, a vertical support section, and at least four diagonal cables. 1.1.1), the transverse support section is fixedly installed at the arch foot of the tunnel (3); the vertical support section is vertically installed on the transverse support section and connected to the height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5); one end of the inclined cable (1.1.1) is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical support section, and the other end is connected to the tunnel (3) wall through an expansion anchor bolt, and the two inclined cables (1.1.1) are symmetrically arranged in the tunnel (3) face, and the other two inclined cables (1.1.1) are symmetrically arranged in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel (3) face.

9. The automatic tunnel energy harvesting device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A rubber damping pad and a spring damper are provided between the horizontal support section and the vertical support section; a damping ball is provided at the connection between the vertical support section and the height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5); the generator (1.2.3) is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) through a honeycomb damping seat.

10. A method for constructing an automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels, used to install the automatic energy harvesting device as described in claim 9 inside a tunnel (3), characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Along the length of the tunnel (3), one monitoring section is set at a set interval, and a wind speed sensor is installed at a different height of each section. The wind speed sensor is used to continuously monitor for a set time to obtain monitoring data. The wind force index data is calculated based on the monitoring data. The corresponding position of the wind speed sensor with the best wind force index data is selected as the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2). Among them, the wind force index data includes average wind speed, wind direction fluctuation standard deviation and wind power fluctuation rate, with the priority order being average wind speed, wind power fluctuation rate and wind direction fluctuation standard deviation. S2: Install the adaptive efficiency-enhancing wind power generation module (1) according to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2); S3: Set the dual-mode energy storage power supply module (2) on the side wall of the drainage ditch (3.1) of the tunnel (3) or embed it into the pre-reserved groove of the bottom paving next to the drainage ditch (3.1). Seal and fix the equipment box to the side wall / bottom concrete with epoxy mortar to ensure that the top of the equipment box is flush with the cover plate of the drainage ditch (3.1). S4: Perform height adjustment debugging, angle adjustment and automatic wind chasing debugging, traffic flow linkage energy gathering debugging, dual-mode power supply debugging, and dustproof and vibration resistance tests in sequence. After completion, perform a durability test for a set test duration. If there are no abnormalities, the installation of the tunnel automatic energy harvesting device is completed.

11. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 10, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: S2.1 Using a total station, the transverse support section of the installation support (1.1) is set at the arch foot of the tunnel (3) corresponding to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2), and then the vertical support section is set on the transverse support section, and the vertical support section is set close to the side wall of the tunnel (3). S2.2 Install the height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5) and angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) in sequence, install the inclined cable (1.1.1) and adjust the preload to the set value; S2.

3. Mount the generator (1.2.3) onto the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) through a honeycomb shock-absorbing base. After assembling the adaptive angle blades (1.2.1) with the rotating shaft (1.2.2), coaxially connect the rotating shaft (1.2.2) to the input end of the generator (1.2.3) to complete the overall assembly of the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2). S2.

4. Install the wind gathering cover (1.2.4), vehicle induction sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and smoke sensor. Adjust the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) to the corresponding height through the height adjustment mechanism (1.2.5) according to the installation position of the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2), and adjust the wind turbine power generation structure (1.2) to the initial angle through the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6).

12. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 11, characterized in that, An angle encoder is provided on the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) for measuring the current angle of the wind turbine.

13. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The specific process of the tunnel automatic energy capture device for automatic wind chasing includes: ① The original wind direction angle, vehicle status data, and the current angle of the wind turbine are measured using a wind direction sensor, a vehicle induction sensor, and an angle encoder, respectively; among which, the vehicle status data includes the vehicle approach signal S. car The vehicle's circumferential distance d, vehicle speed v, and vehicle direction D car S car A value of 0 indicates that no train is approaching. car A value of 1 indicates that a train is approaching; ②. Use moving average filtering to smooth the original wind direction angle to obtain the filtered wind direction angle. The formula is as follows: ； in: The length of the sliding window; Original wind direction angle data The corresponding data collection time, The sampling interval; This is the filtered wind direction angle. Number the original wind direction angle data; ③. Divide the current working condition into no-train natural wind condition and train piston wind condition according to the circumferential distance of the vehicle and the vehicle approach signal. Specifically: When S car When =0 or d>50m, natural wind is captured first, which is the natural wind condition without train; When S car When =1 and d≤50m, train piston wind is captured first, which is the working condition with train piston wind. ④. Calculate the target angle of the wind turbine according to the current working condition type. Specifically: Target angle of wind turbine under natural wind conditions without train operation The specific formula is: ； Under train piston wind conditions, the target angle of the wind turbine. The specific formula is: ； in: The piston wind-dominant angle is consistent with the vehicle's direction of travel; and These are the weighting coefficients for the dominant angle of the piston wind and the weighting coefficients for the filtered wind direction angle, respectively. + =1; ⑤ Calculate the target angle of the wind turbine. Current angle of the wind turbine The difference is used by the operation and maintenance platform to drive the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) to rotate by the corresponding difference angle using a quantitative PID control algorithm. The specific formula is as follows: ； in: For the first Motor control increment during the next sampling; For the first Angle error during the second sampling ; , and These are the proportional, integral, and differential coefficients, respectively.

14. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 13, characterized in that, When the current tunnel (3) is a two-way traffic tunnel (3), automatic tunnel energy harvesting devices are installed on both sides of the tunnel (3). When the detected vehicle travel direction D car When the signal is 1, the automatic energy harvesting device in the tunnel on the uplink side is activated to automatically follow the wind, while the drainage system at the base of the other tunnel (3) remains on standby. = When the detected vehicle direction Dcar signal is 0, the automatic energy harvesting device in the downhill tunnel is activated to automatically follow the wind, while the drainage system of the other tunnel (3) remains on standby. = .

15. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 13, characterized in that, Weighting coefficients are determined based on the vehicle's circumferential distance. and Specifically: When d≤20m or the current tunnel (3) is a one-way traffic tunnel (3), piston wind dominates. Set to 1. Set to 0; When 20 < d ≤ 50 m, the weight linearly transitions. The specific formula is as follows: =30 / (50-d)； =30 / (d-20)。 16. The construction method of the automatic energy harvesting device for tunnels as described in claim 13, characterized in that, After using the operation and maintenance platform to drive the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) to rotate the corresponding difference angle by using the quantitative PID control algorithm, it further includes: Let the difference between the current angle and the target angle of the wind turbine be |Δα|, and then, based on the set angle error threshold Δα... th To determine whether the wind turbine generator structure (1.2) has rotated into place, specifically: When |Δα|>Δα th When the wind turbine generator structure (1.2) is not rotated into position, the adjustment amount corresponding to the angle adjustment mechanism (1.2.6) is calculated according to |Δα|, and the angle adjustment mechanism is started to adjust the angle of the adaptive angle blade (1.2.1) according to the adjustment amount; When |Δα|≤Δα th When the wind turbine generator structure (1.2) rotates into position, the angle adjustment mechanism is locked by the locking mechanism.

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