A multi-sensor mine surface subsidence monitoring device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of subsidence monitoring device, especially to a multi-sensor mine surface subsidence monitoring device, which comprises a first shell, a first protective cover, a second shell and a first monitoring assembly, the top of the first shell is fixedly provided with two groups of mounting racks, and the top of the mounting rack is fixedly provided with a GNSS receiver, the top of the first shell is provided with an angle reflector through three tripods, and a drain hole is formed in the central position of the bottom of the angle reflector; the side of the first shell is fixedly provided with a first protective cover. The first shell is provided with a first protective cover and a second protective cover around, isolation is realized based on the first protective cover and the second protective cover, animals and plants on the ground can be prevented from extending to the angle reflector along the first shell and the second shell, so that the angle reflector can work normally, and high reflection effect of the synthetic aperture radar signal is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of settlement monitoring device technology, specifically a multi-sensor surface settlement monitoring device for mining areas. Background Technology

[0002] In mining operations, surface subsidence is a common geological hazard that can easily trigger secondary risks such as collapses and landslides, seriously threatening the safety of the mining area and the surrounding ecological environment. Traditional monitoring methods, such as leveling and GNSS single-point observation, can provide high-precision data, but they have limitations such as limited coverage and inability to capture regional deformation trends. They are also significantly constrained by environmental factors such as terrain undulations and vegetation obstruction. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology, with its all-weather, large-scale, and millimeter-level deformation monitoring capabilities, has become the core means of monitoring surface subsidence in mining areas. Therefore, we propose a multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas.

[0003] The existing technology still has the following drawbacks in its use: In existing technologies, when surface subsidence monitoring devices in mining areas are installed in outdoor environments, to ensure that the devices can work in conjunction with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for high-precision monitoring, it is necessary to ensure that the corner reflectors are not obstructed by the surrounding environment. However, ground vegetation and animals in the outdoor environment can easily extend and grow along the outer shell of the monitoring device onto the corner reflectors, causing obstruction of the reflective area and thus affecting the monitoring effect of SAR. Traditional corner reflectors used in conjunction with SAR typically only have the function of reflecting radar signals. When corner reflectors are fixedly installed at monitoring points, it is necessary to ensure the overall stability of the corner reflectors and keep their offset range within a reasonable error range. Traditional corner reflectors cannot guarantee that they will not be affected by surface subsidence and the surrounding environment, thus limiting the effectiveness of SAR in monitoring subsidence at the monitoring points.

[0004] In view of this, we propose a multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas to solve the existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas, comprising a first housing, a first protective cover, a second housing, and a first monitoring component. Two sets of mounting brackets are fixedly installed on the top of the first housing, and a GNSS receiver is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting brackets. An angle reflector is installed on the top of the first housing via three tripods, and a drainage hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the angle reflector. A first protective cover is fixedly installed on one side of the first housing, and a second protective cover is fixedly installed on the other side of the first housing. The first and second protective covers are in contact with each other. Several longitudinally arranged water guide grooves are opened on the surface of the first and second protective covers. Both the first and second protective covers have arc-shaped cross-section structures. Arc-shaped covers are fixedly installed on the inner side of the first and second protective covers. The arc surface of the arc-shaped covers faces the opposite direction to the arc surface of the first and second protective covers. The bottom of the first housing is fixedly installed with the second housing, and a gap is provided between the bottom surface of the first housing and the top surface of the second housing; The first monitoring component is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the second housing; A second monitoring component is fixedly mounted on the top of the second housing.

[0007] Preferably, the first monitoring component includes a base plate, and a circular hole is provided at the center of the base plate. An insect-proof plate is fixedly installed inside the circular hole. Several cable clamps are installed in a circular array on the top of the base plate near the circular hole. A ring seat is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate, and a soil moisture sensor, a soil conductivity sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, and a groundwater level sensor are installed on the top of the ring seat.

[0008] Preferably, the second monitoring component includes an annular plate, on the top of which are mounted a pressure sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a tilt sensor, a vibration sensor, and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the corner reflector is composed of three triangular plates, and the included angle between two adjacent triangular plates is 90 degrees.

[0010] Preferably, the triangular plate is made of aluminum or copper, and the surface of the triangular plate is chrome-plated.

[0011] Preferably, two fixing plates are fixedly installed on the outer side of each triangular plate, and the fixing plates on the outer side of two adjacent triangular plates are fastened together by bolts and nuts.

[0012] Preferably, a reinforcing plate is fixedly installed on the top of both the first protective cover and the second protective cover. The reinforcing plate is an L-shaped plate and is fixedly connected to the top of the first housing by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, four side plates are fixedly installed on the side of the second housing, each side plate having through holes, and the through holes are all designed at an angle. A cooling fan is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each side plate.

[0014] Preferably, two sets of legs are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the second housing. The legs are installed at an angle, and the lowest end of the legs is provided with an anti-slip cone. A connecting rod is fixedly installed between the legs, and the connecting rod is an L-shaped plate structure.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention uses a first protective cover and a second protective cover installed around the first housing to achieve isolation, which can prevent surface plants and animals from extending along the first and second housings to the corner reflector, thereby ensuring that the corner reflector can work normally and achieve a high reflectivity effect for synthetic aperture radar signals.

[0016] The present invention can stabilize the second housing and its top components at the monitoring point by installing a stand and a connecting rod at the bottom of the second housing. Furthermore, by using the anti-slip cone at the bottom of the stand and the L-shaped connecting rod, strong resistance can be applied to the part of the device embedded in the ground, limiting the device from large displacement in the ground and effectively improving the accuracy of the device for monitoring ground settlement.

[0017] This invention combines traditional corner reflectors with multi-sensor monitoring, placing multiple sensors at three different longitudinal positions. This provides more reference data for land subsidence monitoring in addition to synthetic aperture radar monitoring, allowing for mutual verification of the data and further improving the accuracy of land subsidence monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the corner reflector of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the corner reflector of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the first protective cover of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the first protective cover of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first monitoring component of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. First housing; 101. GNSS receiver; 102. Mounting bracket; 103. Tripod; 104. Corner reflector; 105. Fixing plate; 106. Drainage hole; 2. First protective cover; 201. Water guide channel; 202. Second protective cover; 203. Reinforcing plate; 204. Arc-shaped cover; 3. Second housing; 301. Tripod; 302. Connecting rod; 303. Side plate; 304. Cooling fan; 4. First monitoring component; 401. Base plate; 402. Insect-proof plate; 403. Cable clamp; 404. Ring seat; 5. Second monitoring component; 501. Ring plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 1-9 As shown, the present invention proposes a multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas, including a first housing 1, a first protective cover 2, a second housing 3 and a first monitoring component 4. Two sets of mounting brackets 102 are fixedly installed on the top of the first housing 1, and a GNSS receiver 101 is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting brackets 102. An angle reflector 104 is installed on the top of the first housing 1 through three tripods 103. A drainage hole 106 is opened at the bottom center of the angle reflector 104. The first housing 1 provides a mounting location for surrounding components, and the mounting bracket 102 provides a mounting location for the GNSS receiver 101. The GNSS receiver 101 is co-located with the corner reflector 104 and can receive satellite signals to determine the latitude, longitude, and elevation of the monitoring point. The corner reflector 104 can reflect the signal emitted by the synthetic aperture radar, so that the signal returns to the receiving end of the synthetic aperture radar efficiently along the original path, providing an echo signal for the synthetic aperture radar and serving as a basic reference for settlement monitoring. The drainage hole 106 can drain the water and debris accumulated inside the corner reflector 104, preventing the water and debris from obstructing the reflection area of ​​the corner reflector 104 and thus avoiding interference with the echo signal of the synthetic aperture radar.

[0022] A first protective cover 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the first housing 1, and a second protective cover 202 is fixedly installed on the other side of the first housing 1. The first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202 are in contact with each other. Several longitudinally arranged water guide grooves 201 are opened on the surface of the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202. Both the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202 have arc-shaped cross-section structures. Arc-shaped covers 204 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202. The arc surface of the arc-shaped cover 204 faces the opposite direction to the arc surface of the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202. The first protective cover 2 can be spliced ​​and combined with the second protective cover 202 to achieve protection around the first housing 1. Combined with the arc-shaped cover 204, the protective effect is further improved, which can prevent plants and animals on the ground from extending to the top of the first housing 1, thereby preventing the corner reflector 104 from being blocked. The water channel 201 can guide the water accumulated on the top of the first housing 1 to drain quickly, avoiding a large amount of water accumulating on the top of the first housing 1 and causing the equipment to be corroded by rainwater.

[0023] The bottom of the first housing 1 is fixedly installed with the second housing 3, and a gap is provided between the bottom surface of the first housing 1 and the top surface of the second housing 3. The second housing 3 provides mounting locations for surrounding components and, in conjunction with the first housing 1, allows for the longitudinally distributed mounting of multiple sensors to facilitate the detection of different parameters.

[0024] The first monitoring component 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the second housing 3; The first monitoring component 4 can monitor soil volumetric water content, soil solution conductivity, water pressure in soil pores, and absolute groundwater elevation.

[0025] The second monitoring component 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the second housing 3; The second monitoring component 5 can monitor near-surface atmospheric pressure, air temperature and relative humidity, the tilt angle of the ground or equipment itself, ground vibration acceleration and frequency, and ground temperature.

[0026] Furthermore, the first monitoring component 4 includes a base plate 401, and a circular hole is provided at the center of the base plate 401. An insect-proof plate 402 is fixedly installed inside the circular hole. Several cable clips 403 are installed in a ring array on the top of the base plate 401 near the circular hole. A ring seat 404 is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate 401, and a soil moisture sensor, a soil conductivity sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, and a groundwater level sensor are installed on the top of the ring seat 404. The base plate 401 provides a mounting position for the top components, and the round hole provides a mounting position for the cable, allowing the detection ends of each sensor in the first monitoring component 4 to be buried in the soil or in contact with the soil for detection. The insect-proof plate 402 can engage with the inner wall of the round hole and the cable, thereby preventing insects on the ground from entering the second housing 3 without affecting the cable arrangement. The cable clamp 403 can fix the cable to ensure that the cable is not pulled during operation, thereby ensuring the connection stability of the cable. The ring seat 404 provides a mounting position for multiple sensors on the top. The soil moisture sensor, soil conductivity sensor, pore water pressure sensor and groundwater level sensor can respectively detect the soil volumetric water content, soil solution conductivity, water pressure in soil pores and absolute groundwater elevation, thereby using these data to assist synthetic aperture radar in monitoring surface subsidence and improve the monitoring accuracy.

[0027] Furthermore, the second monitoring component 5 includes an annular plate 501, on the top of which are mounted a pressure sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, an tilt sensor, a vibration sensor, and an infrared temperature sensor. The annular plate 501 can provide installation positions for multiple sensors on the top. The barometric pressure sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, tilt sensor, vibration sensor and infrared temperature sensor can respectively detect near-ground atmospheric pressure, air temperature and relative humidity, tilt angle of the ground or equipment itself, ground vibration acceleration and frequency, and ground temperature, thereby assisting synthetic aperture radar in monitoring ground subsidence.

[0028] Furthermore, the corner reflector 104 is composed of three triangular plates, and the included angle between two adjacent triangular plates is 90 degrees.

[0029] Furthermore, the triangle is made of aluminum or copper, and its surface is chrome-plated.

[0030] Furthermore, two fixing plates 105 are fixedly installed on the outer side of each triangle, and the fixing plates 105 on the outer side of two adjacent triangles are fastened together by bolts and nuts. The triangular plate is made of three copper or aluminum plates with a 90-degree angle design, which can ensure the reflection effect of synthetic aperture radar satellite signals. The surface is chrome-plated, which effectively improves the corrosion resistance of the corner reflector 104. The three triangular plates are then fastened together by an external fixing plate 105, nuts and bolts, which can prevent the installation structure from blocking the reflection area, thereby improving the satellite signal reflection effect of the corner reflector 104.

[0031] Furthermore, a reinforcing plate 203 is fixedly installed on the top of both the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202. The reinforcing plate 203 is an L-shaped plate and is fixedly connected to the top of the first housing 1 by bolts. The reinforcing plate 203 can fix the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202 in place, and the splicing position of the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202 is also connected by bolts to improve the structural stability of the first protective cover 2 and the second protective cover 202.

[0032] Furthermore, four side plates 303 are fixedly installed on the side of the second housing 3. Each side plate 303 has through holes, and the through holes are all designed at an angle. A cooling fan 304 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the side plate 303. The side plate 303 can cooperate with the second housing 3 to provide protection for the internal components. The through hole can cooperate with the cooling fan 304 to achieve air cooling of the inside of the second housing 3. The cooling fan 304 adopts the FDL-4C type.

[0033] Furthermore, two sets of legs 301 are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the second housing 3. The legs 301 are installed at an angle, and the lowest end of the legs 301 is provided with an anti-slip cone. A connecting rod 302 is fixedly installed between the legs 301, and the connecting rod 302 is an L-shaped plate structure. The tripod 301 can be embedded in the soil or concrete to fix the bottom of the device, ensuring the overall structural stability of the device. When the ground settles, it can cause the device to settle as well, so as to facilitate the monitoring of ground settlement. The anti-slip cone and connecting rod 302 can increase the resistance of the tripod 301 in the soil or concrete, thereby preventing the tripod 301 from shifting significantly and ensuring the accuracy of the device's settlement monitoring.

[0034] Working principle: By working in concert with multiple types of sensors, corner reflectors 104 and synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology are combined to achieve surface subsidence monitoring. Corner reflectors 104 use a three-stage reflection mechanism with three vertical reflective surfaces to efficiently reflect satellite radar signals back to the sensors along the original path, providing strong and stable echo signals for synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which serve as the basic reference for subsidence monitoring. Sensors exposed to the atmosphere collect data such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the equipment in real time. Among them, atmospheric parameters are used to construct an atmospheric delay model to eliminate errors caused by tropospheric and ionospheric interference in the phase of synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Data detected by GNSS sensors provide an absolute coordinate reference to calibrate the relative deformation results of synthetic aperture radar interferometry into absolute settlement. Sensors embedded in the soil acquire parameters such as soil moisture, pore water pressure, and groundwater level. Soil moisture data is used to eliminate phase shifts caused by changes in the soil dielectric constant. Pore water pressure and groundwater level data are correlated with changes in the effective stress of the soil, helping to distinguish between actual settlement and apparent deformation caused by non-geological factors. Tilt sensors and vibration sensors monitor the tilt of the equipment itself and external vibrations, marking abnormal signals caused by equipment displacement or construction interference. Infrared temperature sensors collect surface temperature to correct for interference from soil thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes. Soil conductivity sensors help verify the reliability of soil moisture data and ensure the accuracy of soil condition assessment. After synchronous processing, the data from each sensor is fused with synthetic aperture radar interferometry image data. The corrected phase information is then analyzed using specialized software to calculate the settlement amount and time-series changes in the monitored area. By combining data such as pore water pressure and groundwater level, a settlement and causal correlation model is constructed, ultimately achieving accurate monitoring and assessment of the surface settlement patterns, rates, and potential risks.

[0035] The above specific embodiments are merely several preferred embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas, comprising a first housing (1), a first protective cover (2), a second housing (3), and a first monitoring component (4), characterized in that: Two sets of mounting brackets (102) are fixedly installed on the top of the first housing (1), and a GNSS receiver (101) is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting brackets (102). A corner reflector (104) is installed on the top of the first housing (1) through three tripods (103). A drain hole (106) is provided at the center of the bottom of the corner reflector (104). A first protective cover (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the first housing (1), and a second protective cover (202) is fixedly installed on the other side of the first housing (1). The first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202) are in contact with each other. Several longitudinally arranged water guide grooves (201) are opened on the surface of the first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202). The first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202) are both arc-shaped cross-section structures. Arc-shaped covers (204) are fixedly installed on the inner side of the first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202). The arc surface of the arc-shaped cover (204) is opposite to the arc surface of the first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202). The bottom of the first housing (1) is fixedly installed with the second housing (3), and a gap is provided between the bottom surface of the first housing (1) and the top surface of the second housing (3); The first monitoring component (4) is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the second housing (3); The second monitoring component (5) is fixedly installed on the top of the second housing (3).

2. The multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first monitoring component (4) includes a base plate (401), and a circular hole is provided at the center of the base plate (401). An insect-proof plate (402) is fixedly installed inside the circular hole. Several cable clips (403) are installed in a ring array near the circular hole on the top of the base plate (401). A ring seat (404) is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate (401), and a soil moisture sensor, a soil conductivity sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, and a groundwater level sensor are installed on the top of the ring seat (404).

3. The multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second monitoring component (5) includes an annular plate (501), on the top of which are mounted a pressure sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, an tilt sensor, a vibration sensor and an infrared temperature sensor.

4. The multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corner reflector (104) is composed of three triangular plates, and the included angle between two adjacent triangular plates is 90 degrees.

5. A multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The triangular plate is made of aluminum or copper, and its surface is chrome-plated.

6. The multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two fixing plates (105) are fixedly installed on the outer side of each triangle plate, and the fixing plates (105) on the outer side of two adjacent triangle plates are fastened together by bolts and nuts.

7. The multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the first protective cover (2) and the second protective cover (202) are both fixedly installed with a reinforcing plate (203). The reinforcing plate (203) is an L-shaped plate and is fixedly connected to the top of the first housing (1) by bolts.

8. A multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second housing (3) has four side plates (303) fixedly installed on its side. Each side plate (303) has through holes, and the through holes are all designed at an angle. A cooling fan (304) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the side plate (303).

9. A multi-sensor surface subsidence monitoring device for mining areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: Two sets of legs (301) are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the second housing (3). The legs (301) are installed at an angle, and the lowest end of the legs (301) is provided with an anti-slip cone. A connecting rod (302) is fixedly installed between the legs (301), and the connecting rod (302) is an L-shaped plate structure.

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