A floating photovoltaic array aerodynamic performance wind tunnel test platform and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of floating photovoltaic array aerodynamic performance wind tunnel test platform and method, including platform main body, platform main body includes wind field simulation area and experimental test area;Wave simulation device is provided in the front section of the incoming flow direction in wind field simulation area;Floating photovoltaic array model and six degrees of freedom floating platform are provided in experimental test area;Floating photovoltaic array model is fixed on six degrees of freedom support platform of six degrees of freedom floating platform;Pitot tube is arranged in experimental test area, and pitot tube is installed on telescopic support.The application can simulate real complex wind field environment on sea and the multiple degrees of freedom change of floating photovoltaic array by the platform and method, and also can obtain the dynamic response data of photovoltaic panel under different working conditions Real-time measurement provides scientific basis for the design optimization and wind resistance performance improvement of offshore floating photovoltaic platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of performance testing technology for floating photovoltaic arrays, and particularly to a wind tunnel testing platform and method for the aerodynamic performance of floating photovoltaic arrays. Background Technology

[0002] Onshore photovoltaic (PV) systems are subject to significant restrictions based on land use and planning, especially in densely populated areas with limited land resources, making large-scale deployment difficult. In contrast, oceans and large lakes offer vast expanses of usable space, supporting the construction of large-scale PV power plants without encroaching on scarce onshore resources such as arable land, forest land, and building land. In recent years, floating PV systems have gradually become a hot topic in offshore PV research and development due to their simple construction and flexible deployment advantages.

[0003] Floating photovoltaics (PV) systems utilize photovoltaic arrays mounted on floating platforms deployed on water surfaces. As a core type of floating PV, they offer significant advantages over traditional onshore PV systems due to the more direct cooling effect of water and the increased power generation efficiency caused by water surface reflection. However, floating PV systems are vulnerable to surface fluctuations and vibrations caused by strong winds. These phenomena can damage the PV array, potentially leading to capsizing and ultimately system failure. Therefore, in-depth research into the dynamic characteristics of floating PV arrays under wind and wave conditions is crucial for improving the overall safety and reliability of PV systems.

[0004] Currently, research on the aerodynamic performance of floating photovoltaic arrays mainly focuses on numerical simulation and traditional wind tunnel tests. However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in the following aspects: (1) Limitations of numerical simulation: Existing numerical simulation methods often require simplification of wind field environment, material properties and coupling effects, making it difficult to truly reflect the dynamic response characteristics of floating photovoltaic arrays in complex wind fields, especially in the accurate prediction of nonlinear aerodynamic-structural coupling behavior. (2) Limited simulation capability of aquatic environment: The water surface in the natural environment is affected by waves, and existing wind tunnel test devices usually cannot reflect the dynamic characteristics of the aquatic environment, making it difficult to effectively simulate dynamic waves in the actual use environment. (3) Limited simulation capability of wind field environment: The natural environment is full of complex fields with randomness and turbulence at different scales. The incoming flow in a standard wind tunnel is usually uniform and low in turbulence, making it difficult to accurately simulate the turbulence spectrum, shear and intermittent phenomena in the atmospheric boundary layer. Although turbulence can be generated by installing passive / active devices (such as grids, jets), it is difficult to fully simulate random, three-dimensional non-uniform incoming flow conditions (such as wind shear, gusts, micro-downbursts). Because floating photovoltaic arrays are relatively small in height but large in width and length, this structure is more susceptible to the shape and size of sea waves, an effect that is difficult to simulate and reproduce in traditional wind tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wind tunnel testing platform and method for the aerodynamic performance of floating photovoltaic arrays. This platform can simulate real, complex marine wind field environments and obtain dynamic response data of photovoltaic arrays under different operating conditions, providing a scientific basis for the design optimization and wind resistance improvement of floating photovoltaic arrays.

[0006] One objective of this invention is to provide a wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) The floating photovoltaic array model is made on a scale based on actual floating photovoltaic panels. The pressure test model of the photovoltaic array is made of rigid materials, while the photovoltaic panels and related connectors are made of flexible materials to simulate the elastic characteristics and deformation behavior of the actual structure. The floating photovoltaic array model includes floating photovoltaic panel components, brackets, floating body components and related connectors. The floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed to the floating body components through connectors, and the connected floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed on a six-degree-of-freedom platform.

[0008] 2) Install a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform in the experimental testing area of ​​the wind tunnel laboratory. After ensuring that the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform can operate stably, install the floating photovoltaic array model on the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform with bolts.

[0009] 3) Adjust the tilt angle device and pre-set different tilt angles for the floating photovoltaic panels;

[0010] 4) In the wind field simulation area, the wind field that conforms to the actual sea wind field is modulated by the wave simulation device, the incoming wind field is modulated, and the Pitot tube or three-dimensional pulse anemometer is set up in the experimental test area of ​​the wind tunnel to accurately obtain the flow field information.

[0011] 5) Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform using an electronic remote control device to simulate the actual working environment of a floating photovoltaic array at sea;

[0012] 6) The electronic scanning valve is installed in a sealed tilt-adjustment device and is connected to the pressure measuring vents on the upper and lower surfaces of the floating photovoltaic panel through a sleeve passing through the hollow crossbar.

[0013] 7) Adjust the control panel outside the wind tunnel to set the wind speed and change the wave shape to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of the floating photovoltaic array under various parameters;

[0014] 8) Instantaneous wind pressure time history data on the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic panel are collected synchronously through an electronic scanning valve system;

[0015] 9) Change the structural and dimensional parameters of the floating photovoltaic array and measure the aerodynamic response of the floating photovoltaic system under various structural parameters; adjust the wind speed and wave shape, and repeat step 8) after the wind field stabilizes until all data under the test conditions have been measured;

[0016] 10) Analyze and calculate the effective data of instantaneous air pressure data of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing;

[0017] 11) Plot a comparison of the average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, extreme wind pressure, and acceleration response at different spatial locations of the photovoltaic panels under different wind fields, wind angles, and wind speeds;

[0018] 12) Calculate the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array model based on data analysis;

[0019] 13) The pulsating pressure field is decomposed into a linear combination of spatial modes and time coefficients. A spatial correlation matrix is ​​constructed, and the POD decomposition method is used to identify the overall lift and drag changes corresponding to the first-order mode. A random deceleration characteristic signal is constructed, and the damping ratio is calculated through the logarithmic decay rate.

[0020] 14) Once data analysis and verification are completed, the experiment ends. Dismantle the floating photovoltaic array model, sensors, and six-degree-of-freedom floating platform, and disassemble and pack the experimental instruments and equipment back into their original locations.

[0021] Furthermore, step 10) involves analyzing and calculating the effective data of the instantaneous air pressure of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing; specifically, it is based on the following formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the formula: P ui and P di C represents the measured wind pressure values ​​on the windward and leeward sides of measuring point i, respectively; pi Pi is the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; P0 is the total pressure at the reference point, which is physically represented by the static pressure Pi. ∞ The sum of dynamic pressure and dynamic pressure; dynamic pressure is given by the aerodynamic formula 0.5ρU 2 The calculations show that ρ is the air density, U is the incoming wind speed, and C is the air velocity. pi,mean The average wind pressure coefficient at measurement point i; N is the number of wind pressure time history data; C pi,std Let C be the standard deviation of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i. pi,peak The peak value of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; This represents the peak value of the wind pressure coefficient.

[0024] Furthermore, step 12) specifically includes calculating the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array model based on data analysis, which includes:

[0025] ;

[0026] In the formula, C D C L and C M These are the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient, respectively; ρ is the air density; A is the frontal area; V is the incoming air velocity; and F... D F L The drag, lift, and torque were measured by M, respectively.

[0027] Furthermore, step 13) involves analyzing and calculating the effective data of instantaneous wind pressure and acceleration of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing; specifically based on the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula, It is a pulsating pressure field. For the average pressure field, Let k be the k-th spatial mode (characteristic function). For the k-th order time coefficient, A pulsating pressure matrix with M pressure measurement points and N time steps. The constructed spatial correlation matrix, For eigenvalues, The turbulent kinetic energy contained in the k-th mode;

[0030] ; In the formula, To calculate the damping ratio using the logarithmic decay rate, y i For measuring the time history data of aeroelastic responses (such as acceleration), The total damping ratio, For structural damping, It is for aerodynamic damping.

[0031] Another aspect of the objective of this invention is achieved as follows: A wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array includes a platform body, which includes a wind field simulation area and an experimental testing area; a wave simulation device is installed in the front section of the incoming wind direction in the wind field simulation area; a floating photovoltaic array model and a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform are installed in the experimental testing area; the floating photovoltaic array model is fixed on the six-degree-of-freedom support platform of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform; and a Pitot tube is arranged in the experimental testing area, which is installed on a telescopic support.

[0032] Furthermore, the floating photovoltaic array model includes a photovoltaic panel array, a floating body assembly, and a tilt-changing device; the photovoltaic panel array model is fixed on the floating body assembly, the floating body assembly is fixed on a six-degree-of-freedom support platform, and the floating body assemblies are interconnected by flexible connecting rods; the photovoltaic panel array has hollow crossbars inside, and the hollow crossbars are connected to the tilt-changing device to control the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels.

[0033] Furthermore, pressure measuring vents are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic panel array, and an electronic scanning valve is fixed inside the tilt-changing device; the pressure measuring vents and the electronic scanning valve are connected by a sleeve inside the hollow crossbar, and the electronic scanning valve is electrically connected to an external signal acquisition system.

[0034] Furthermore, the wave simulation device in the wind field simulation area includes a flexible wave surface and three springs and rubber sleeves. The springs and rubber sleeves are connected to a free lifting rod on the base. Multiple bases are connected by a connecting rod. The free lifting rod and the connecting rod are both controlled by an external drive motor.

[0035] Furthermore, the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform includes a six-degree-of-freedom support platform, telescopic rods, and a platform base, with the platform base fixed to the platform body. The six-degree-of-freedom support platform is connected to the platform base via six telescopic rods. The movement of the six telescopic rods controls the six-degree-of-freedom movement of the platform, thereby controlling the spatial position and rotation angle of the floating photovoltaic array model connected to the six-degree-of-freedom support platform.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: 1) The test platform of this invention achieves dynamic simulation of the floating photovoltaic array model at different positions and angles through a six-degree-of-freedom base, while simultaneously arranging an electronic pressure scanning valve to achieve real-time acquisition of wind pressure data. 2) An adjustable wave generation device is designed and manufactured to achieve adjustments for different wind profiles, turbulence intensity profiles, gust frequencies, etc., ensuring the diversity and realism of the floating photovoltaic array model. 3) In order to flexibly adjust the structural parameters (such as stiffness, damping, and mass distribution) of different floating photovoltaic array models, the key components of the floating photovoltaic array model (such as support rods, crossbars, and photovoltaic panels) are designed as detachable modules for easy and quick replacement. By configuring components or adjustable materials, the flexibility of the model stiffness parameters is improved. Replaceable floating body components or photovoltaic components are used to simulate the damping characteristics of different structures. A variable tilt angle device is configured to dynamically adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel and study the influence of different installation angles on aerodynamic response; this enables the measurement of aerodynamic performance under various conditions and improves experimental efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall test platform of this invention.

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the floating photovoltaic array model of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the six-degree-of-freedom platform of this invention.

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the wave generation device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the photovoltaic array of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 The average wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array model of this invention.

[0044] Figure 7 The pulsating wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array model of this invention.

[0045] Figure 8 The minimum wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array model of this invention.

[0046] The components include: 1. Platform body; 2. Incoming wind direction; 3. Wave simulation device; 4. Floating photovoltaic array model; 5. Six-degree-of-freedom platform; 6. Pitot tube; 7. Variable tilt device; 8. Photovoltaic panel array; 9. Floating body component; 10. Hollow crossbar; 11. Flexible connecting rod; 12. Six-degree-of-freedom support platform; 13. Telescopic rod; 14. Platform base; 15. Drive motor; 16. Free lifting rod; 17. Rubber sleeve; 18. Spring; 19. Flexible wave surface; 20. Base; 21. Connecting rod; 22. Pressure measuring air hole; 23. Electronic scanning valve. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] like Figure 1The wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array shown includes a platform body 1 (wind tunnel), which includes a wind field simulation area and an experimental testing area. A wave simulation device 3 is installed in front of the incoming wind direction 2 within the wind field simulation area. A floating photovoltaic array model 4 and a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform 5 are installed within the experimental testing area. The floating photovoltaic array model 4 is fixed to a six-degree-of-freedom support platform 12 of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform 5. Pitot tubes 6 are arranged within the experimental testing area. The Pitot tubes 6 are mounted on a telescopic support and their height can be adjusted to the height of the photovoltaic panel to measure the wind speed, dynamic pressure, and static pressure at the height of the photovoltaic panel.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the floating photovoltaic array model 4 includes a photovoltaic panel array 8, a floating body component 9, and a tilt-changing device 7; the photovoltaic panel array model 8 is fixed on the floating body component 9, the floating body component 9 is fixed on the six-degree-of-freedom support platform 12, and the floating body components 9 are interconnected by flexible connecting rods 11; a hollow crossbar 10 is provided inside the photovoltaic panel array 8, and the hollow crossbar 10 is connected to the tilt-changing device 7 to control the tilt angle change of the photovoltaic panels.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform 5 includes a six-degree-of-freedom support platform 12, telescopic rods 13, and a platform base 14. The platform base 14 is fixed to the platform body 1. The six-degree-of-freedom support platform 12 is connected to the platform base 14 through six telescopic rods 13. The movement of the six telescopic rods 13 controls the six-degree-of-freedom movement of the platform, thereby controlling the spatial position and rotation angle of the floating photovoltaic array model 4 connected to the six-degree-of-freedom support platform 12.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the wave simulation device 3 in the wind field simulation area includes a flexible wave surface 19, three springs 18, and a rubber sleeve 17. The springs 18 and the rubber sleeve 17 are connected to the free lifting rod 16 on the base 20. Multiple bases 20 are connected by a connecting rod 21. The free lifting rod 16 and the connecting rod 21 are both controlled by an external drive motor 15.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, pressure measuring vents 22 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic array 8, and an electronic scanning valve 23 is fixed inside the tilt device 7; the pressure measuring vents 22 and the electronic scanning valve 23 are connected by a sleeve inside the hollow crossbar 10, and the electronic scanning valve 23 is electrically connected to an external signal acquisition system.

[0053] A wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array includes the following steps:

[0054] 1) The floating photovoltaic array model is made on a scale based on actual floating photovoltaic panels. The pressure test model of the photovoltaic array is made of rigid materials, while the photovoltaic panels and related connectors are made of flexible materials to simulate the elastic characteristics and deformation behavior of the actual structure. The floating photovoltaic array model includes floating photovoltaic panel components, brackets, floating body components and related connectors. The floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed to the floating body components through connectors, and the connected floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed on a six-degree-of-freedom platform.

[0055] 2) Install a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform in the experimental testing area of ​​the wind tunnel laboratory. After ensuring that the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform can operate stably, install the floating photovoltaic array model on the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform with bolts.

[0056] 3) Adjust the tilt angle device and pre-set different tilt angles for the floating photovoltaic panels;

[0057] 4) In the wind field simulation area, the wind field that conforms to the actual sea wind field is modulated by the wave simulation device, the incoming wind field is modulated, and the Pitot tube or three-dimensional pulse anemometer is set up in the experimental test area of ​​the wind tunnel to accurately obtain the flow field information.

[0058] 5) Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform using an electronic remote control device to simulate the actual working environment of a floating photovoltaic array at sea;

[0059] 6) The electronic scanning valve is installed in a sealed tilt-adjustment device and is connected to the pressure measuring vents on the upper and lower surfaces of the floating photovoltaic panel through a sleeve passing through the hollow crossbar.

[0060] 7) Adjust the control panel outside the wind tunnel to set the wind speed and change the wave shape to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of the floating photovoltaic array under various parameters;

[0061] 8) Instantaneous wind pressure time history data on the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic panel are collected synchronously through an electronic scanning valve system;

[0062] 9) Change the structural and dimensional parameters of the floating photovoltaic array and measure the aerodynamic response of the floating photovoltaic system under various structural parameters; adjust the wind speed and wave shape, and repeat step 8) after the wind field stabilizes until all data under the test conditions have been measured;

[0063] 10) Analyze and calculate the effective data of instantaneous air pressure data of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing;

[0064] The average, fluctuating, and extreme wind pressure coefficients of a floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing are analyzed using the following formulas:

[0065] ; In the formula: P uiand P di C represents the measured wind pressure values ​​on the windward and leeward sides of measuring point i, respectively; pi Pi is the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; P0 is the total pressure at the reference point, which is physically represented by the static pressure Pi. ∞ The sum of dynamic pressure and dynamic pressure; dynamic pressure is given by the aerodynamic formula 0.5ρU 2 The calculations show that ρ is the air density, U is the incoming wind speed, and C is the air velocity. pi,mean The average wind pressure coefficient at measurement point i; N is the number of wind pressure time history data; C pi,std Let C be the standard deviation of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i. pi,peak The peak value of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; This represents the peak value of the wind pressure coefficient.

[0066] 11) Plot a comparison of the average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, extreme wind pressure, and acceleration response at different spatial locations of the photovoltaic panels under different wind fields, wind angles, and wind speeds;

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the average wind pressure coefficient of the invented floating photovoltaic array under different wind direction angles is illustrated. In the experiment, the incoming wind speed was 8 m / s, the sampling frequency of the pressure scanning valve and acceleration was 1000 Hz, and the sampling time was 60 s. The horizontal axis represents different side point positions, and the vertical axis represents the average wind pressure. Figure 6 It can be seen that the data obtained by the measuring device of this invention can better reflect the variation law of the average wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array under different wind angles and spatial locations.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the fluctuating wind pressure coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array of the present invention under different wind direction angles is illustrated. In the experiment, the incoming wind speed was 8 m / s, the sampling frequency of the pressure scanning valve and displacement sensor was 1000 Hz, and the sampling time was 60 s. The horizontal axis represents different side point positions, and the vertical axis represents the fluctuating wind pressure value. Figure 7 It can be seen that the data obtained by the measuring device of the present invention can better reflect the variation law of the pulsating wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array under different wind direction angles and spatial positions.

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, the minimum wind pressure of the floating photovoltaic array of the present invention under different wind angles is represented. The horizontal axis represents different side point positions, and the vertical axis represents the minimum wind pressure coefficient. Figure 8 It can be seen that the data obtained by the measuring device of the present invention can better reflect the variation law of the minimum wind pressure coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array under different wind angles and spatial positions.

[0070] 12) Calculate the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array model according to formulas (5), (6), and (7), respectively;

[0071] ;

[0072] In the formula, C D C L and C M These are the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient, respectively. Let A be the air density, V be the frontal area, and F be the incoming air velocity. D F L The drag, lift, and torque were measured by M, respectively.

[0073] 13) The pulsating pressure field is decomposed into a linear combination of spatial modes and time coefficients. A spatial correlation matrix is ​​constructed, and the POD decomposition method is used to identify the overall lift and drag changes corresponding to the first-order mode. A random deceleration characteristic signal is constructed, and the damping ratio is calculated through the logarithmic decay rate.

[0074] The modal parameters and damping ratio of the floating photovoltaic array model are calculated based on the effective data of instantaneous wind pressure and acceleration during wind tunnel testing; specifically, according to the following formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] In the formula, It is a pulsating pressure field. For the average pressure field, Let k be the k-th spatial mode (characteristic function). is the k-th order time coefficient. A pulsating pressure matrix with M pressure measurement points and N time steps. The constructed spatial correlation matrix, For eigenvalues, This represents the turbulent kinetic energy contained in the k-th mode.

[0077] ;

[0078] In the formula, To calculate the damping ratio using the logarithmic decay rate, y i For measuring the time history data of aeroelastic responses (such as acceleration), The total damping ratio, For structural damping, It is for aerodynamic damping.

[0079] 13) Once data analysis and verification are completed, the experiment ends. Dismantle the floating photovoltaic array model, sensors, and six-degree-of-freedom floating platform, and disassemble and pack the experimental instruments and equipment back into their original locations.

[0080] This invention provides a wind tunnel testing platform and method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array. By adjusting wave generation and wind speed control, the dynamic changes of the marine wind field at different stages are reproduced, including marine turbulence, wind profile and wind speed characteristics of the surrounding wind field. A six-degree-of-freedom platform is designed and adjusted in the wind tunnel test section to complete wind field measurements at different heights, and further comprehensively evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of the floating photovoltaic array model under marine conditions.

[0081] Key components of the floating photovoltaic array model (such as support rods, crossbars, and photovoltaic panels) are designed as detachable modules, which facilitates quick replacement, improves the flexibility of the model's stiffness parameters, adapts to various floating photovoltaic array model designs, supports various parametric studies, and helps evaluate the design optimization effect.

[0082] The experimental data were calibrated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to verify the accuracy of the numerical model; a structural dynamics model was established based on the experimental data, and the photovoltaic array design was optimized by combining fluid-structure interaction theory; an experimental data interface was configured to support the direct import of experimental results into design software for optimization analysis. This enhances the theoretical value of the experimental results, providing comprehensive support for the design of floating photovoltaic arrays; and optimizes the collaboration process between experimentation and design, shortening the product development cycle.

[0083] A six-degree-of-freedom force sensor can be installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic array to measure the wind loads (lift, drag, torque, etc.) acting on it. An integrated wireless data acquisition system simplifies wiring through wireless transmission technology. An AI-based dynamic data processing algorithm automatically identifies vibration modes, resonance points, and key wind load characteristics. A high-frequency data acquisition module supports acquisition frequencies above 10 kHz to capture high-frequency aerodynamic vibration phenomena. This improves testing accuracy and efficiency, adapts to complex dynamic response testing needs, simplifies experimental procedures, and reduces the impact of human intervention.

[0084] To address different environmental conditions and testing needs, an adjustable temperature control system can be configured to simulate the aerodynamic response of photovoltaic supports under different temperature conditions. A rainfall simulation system can be introduced to study the wind-rain coupling effect of photovoltaic arrays under rainfall conditions. An adjustable surface roughness module can be added to simulate different terrain environments (such as mountains, plains, and coastlines) by adjusting the roughness of the wind tunnel floor, providing more realistic testing conditions, further expanding the scope of experimental research, and providing a scientific basis for the design optimization of photovoltaic arrays under different environments.

[0085] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) The floating photovoltaic array model is made on a scale based on actual floating photovoltaic panels. The pressure test model of the photovoltaic array is made of rigid materials, while the photovoltaic panels and connectors are made of flexible materials to simulate the elastic characteristics and deformation behavior of the actual structure. The floating photovoltaic array model includes floating photovoltaic panel components, brackets, floating body components and related connectors. The floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed to the floating body components through connectors, and the connected floating photovoltaic panel array model is fixed on a six-degree-of-freedom platform. 2) Install a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform in the experimental testing area of ​​the wind tunnel laboratory. After ensuring that the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform can operate stably, install the floating photovoltaic array model on the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform with bolts. 3) Adjust the tilt angle device and pre-set different tilt angles for the floating photovoltaic panels; 4) In the wind field simulation area, the wind field that conforms to the actual sea is modulated by the wave simulation device, the incoming wind field is modulated, and the Pitot tube, hot wire anemometer or three-dimensional pulse anemometer is set up in the experimental test area of ​​the wind tunnel to accurately obtain the flow field information. 5) Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels and the position of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform using an electronic remote control device to simulate the actual working environment of a floating photovoltaic array at sea; 6) The electronic scanning valve is installed in a sealed tilt-adjustment device and is connected to the pressure measuring vents on the upper and lower surfaces of the floating photovoltaic panel through a sleeve passing through the hollow crossbar. 7) Adjust the control panel outside the wind tunnel to set the wind speed and change the wave shape to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of the floating photovoltaic array under various parameters; 8) The instantaneous wind pressure time history data of the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic panel is collected synchronously through the electronic scanning valve system, and the time history data of the force on the photovoltaic array base is measured through a six-component force balance; 9) Change the structural and dimensional parameters of the floating photovoltaic array and measure the aerodynamic response of the floating photovoltaic system under various structural parameters; adjust the wind speed and wave shape, and repeat step 8) after the wind field stabilizes until all data under the test conditions have been measured; 10) Analyze and calculate the effective data of instantaneous air pressure data of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing; 11) Plot a comparison of the average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, extreme wind pressure, and acceleration response at different spatial locations of the photovoltaic panels under different wind fields, wind angles, and wind speeds; 12) Calculate the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array model based on data analysis; 13) The pulsating pressure field is decomposed into a linear combination of spatial modes and time coefficients. A spatial correlation matrix is ​​constructed, and the POD decomposition method is used to identify the overall lift and drag changes corresponding to the first-order mode. A random deceleration characteristic signal is constructed, and the damping ratio is calculated through the logarithmic decay rate. 14) Once data analysis and verification are completed, the experiment ends. Dismantle the floating photovoltaic array model, sensors, and six-degree-of-freedom floating platform, and disassemble and pack the experimental instruments and equipment back into their original locations.

2. The wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective data for analyzing and calculating the instantaneous air pressure data of the floating photovoltaic array model during wind tunnel testing, as described in step 10), are specifically based on the following formula: ； In the formula: P ui and P di C represents the measured wind pressure values ​​on the windward and leeward sides of measuring point i, respectively; pi Pi represents the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; P0 represents the total pressure at the reference point, which is physically represented by the static pressure Pi. ∞ The sum of dynamic pressure and dynamic pressure; dynamic pressure is given by the aerodynamic formula 0.5ρU 2 The calculations show that ρ is the air density, U is the incoming wind speed, and C is the air velocity. pi,mean The average wind pressure coefficient at measurement point i; N is the number of wind pressure time history data; C pi,std Let C be the standard deviation of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i. pi,peak The peak value of the wind pressure coefficient at measuring point i; This represents the peak value of the wind pressure coefficient.

3. The wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 12) specifically includes calculating the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient of the floating photovoltaic array model based on data analysis, which includes: ； In the formula, C D C L and C M These represent the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and torque coefficient, respectively; ρ is the air density; A is the frontal area; V is the incoming air velocity; and F... D F L The drag, lift, and torque were measured by M, respectively.

4. The wind tunnel testing method for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 13) specifically includes: ； In the formula, It is a pulsating pressure field. For the average pressure field, For the k-th spatial mode, The k-th order time coefficient; The pulsating pressure matrix has M pressure measurement points and N time steps. The constructed spatial correlation matrix, For eigenvalues, The turbulent kinetic energy contained in the k-th mode; The damping ratio of the floating photovoltaic array model is specifically based on the following formula: ； In the formula, To calculate the damping ratio using the logarithmic decay rate, y i For the time history data of the measured aeroelastic response, The total damping ratio, For structural damping, It is for pneumatic damping.

5. A wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array, comprising a platform body (1), characterized in that, The main body of the platform (1) includes a wind field simulation area and an experimental test area; a wave simulation device (3) is set in the front section of the incoming wind direction (2) in the wind field simulation area; a floating photovoltaic array model (4) and a six-degree-of-freedom floating platform (5) are set in the experimental test area; the floating photovoltaic array model (4) is fixed on the six-degree-of-freedom support platform (12) of the six-degree-of-freedom floating platform (5); a Pitot tube (6) is arranged in the experimental test area and is installed on a telescopic support.

6. The wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The floating photovoltaic array model (4) includes a photovoltaic panel array (8), a floating body assembly (9), and a tilt-changing device (7); the photovoltaic panel array model (8) is fixed on the floating body assembly (9), the floating body assembly (9) is fixed on a six-degree-of-freedom support platform (12), and the floating body assemblies (9) are connected to each other by flexible connecting rods (11); a hollow crossbar (10) is provided inside the photovoltaic panel array (8), and the hollow crossbar (10) is connected to the tilt-changing device (7) to control the tilt angle change of the photovoltaic panel.

7. A wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic array (8) are provided with pressure measuring air holes (22), and the tilt device (7) has an electronic scanning valve (23) fixed inside. The pressure measuring air holes (22) and the electronic scanning valve (23) are connected by a sleeve inside the hollow crossbar (10), and the electronic scanning valve (23) is electrically connected to an external signal acquisition system.

8. A wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wave simulation device (3) in the wind field simulation area includes a flexible wave surface (19), three springs (18) and a rubber sleeve (17). The springs (18) and the rubber sleeve (17) are connected to the free lifting rod (16) on the base (20). Multiple bases (20) are connected by a connecting rod (21). The free lifting rod (16) and the connecting rod (21) are both controlled by an external drive motor (15).

9. A wind tunnel testing platform for the aerodynamic performance of a floating photovoltaic array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The six-degree-of-freedom floating platform (5) includes a six-degree-of-freedom support platform (12), telescopic rods (13) and a platform base (14). The platform base (14) is fixed on the platform body (1). The six-degree-of-freedom support platform (12) is connected to the platform base (14) through six telescopic rods (13). The six degrees of freedom of the platform are controlled by the movement of the six telescopic rods (13), thereby controlling the spatial position and rotation angle of the floating photovoltaic array model (4) connected to the six-degree-of-freedom support platform (12).

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