A precast component whole cycle identification and management system and method based on RFID

Abstract

The application provides a prefabricated component whole cycle identification and management system and method based on RFID, and relates to the technical field of intelligent management application of civil engineering. The system comprises a pre-buried RFID chip unit, which is used for being buried in the interior of the component in the production process of the prefabricated component; an information writing and binding unit is electrically connected with the pre-buried RFID chip unit, the information writing and binding unit comprises a production line fixed RFID reader and writer, which is used for writing the unique identity code and initial information of the component before or after the chip is buried, and the identity code is associated and bound with the database of the whole life cycle information management unit and the corresponding component unit of the BIM model; an information reading and tracking unit is used for reading the information of the chip in the interior of the component in real time through the RFID reading and writing equipment in the storage, transportation, hoisting and operation and maintenance stages of the component; and a whole life cycle information management unit is used for storing and managing the digital record of the component and updating the component state information in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent management application technology in civil engineering, and in particular to a full-cycle identification and management system and method for prefabricated components based on RFID. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialized construction and prefabricated buildings, prefabricated components are being used more and more widely in engineering projects, but traditional management models are no longer able to meet the needs of refined management throughout the entire life cycle.

[0003] Existing technologies suffer from the following drawbacks: 1. Traditional surface marking methods such as inkjet printing, QR codes, and barcodes are easily affected by wear, contamination, paint covering, or physical impacts during precast component production, demolding, transportation, hoisting, and construction installation. This leads to blurred or detached markings, creating information silos and preventing long-term effective binding of identities. 2. Information such as component design parameters, production batches, raw material sources, quality inspection data, and construction records are scattered across different systems and stages, lacking a unified digital archive. When quality problems occur, it is difficult to quickly locate key information, greatly hindering traceability and responsibility determination. Furthermore, BIM technology lacks effective coordination with on-site information collection, requiring manual comparison and correlation, which is cumbersome and prone to errors. 3. Warehousing, inventory counting, component retrieval, and hoisting scheduling rely on manual visual verification and paper-based records, which are not only inefficient and error-prone but also unable to achieve real-time inventory monitoring and dynamic scheduling, affecting construction progress. Traditional manual data entry methods also suffer from poor portability and data lag. IV. Existing RFID applications often use surface-mounted tags, which have poor weather resistance and corrosion resistance, making them susceptible to damage under harsh conditions such as alkaline concrete environments, construction vibrations, and high pressure, resulting in low read reliability. Furthermore, the tags are prone to displacement and detachment, failing to meet the needs of the entire building lifecycle. V. Throughout the entire process of building components, from production, transportation, and construction to operation and maintenance, information flow is discontinuous, lacking a consistent digital management platform. This hinders the support for digital operation and maintenance throughout the building lifecycle (such as BIM operation and maintenance, and digital twin construction), thus restricting the digital transformation of the construction industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an RFID-based full-cycle identification and management system and method for prefabricated components, which solves the technical problems in the prior art such as insufficient identification reliability, difficulty in information traceability and collaboration, low management efficiency, insufficient environmental adaptability and installation stability, and lack of full-cycle data integration.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a full-lifecycle identification and management system for prefabricated components based on RFID, comprising: An embedded RFID chip unit is used to embed inside the prefabricated component during the production process; the RFID chip is an industrial-grade RFID chip. The information writing and binding unit is electrically connected to the pre-embedded RFID chip unit. The information writing and binding unit includes a production line fixed RFID reader / writer, which is used to write the unique identification code and initial information of the component before or after the chip is embedded. The identification code is associated and bound to the corresponding component unit in the database and BIM model of the full life cycle information management unit. The information reading and tracking unit includes a handheld RFID reader, a fixed RFID reader, and a GPS vehicle positioning module, which are used to read information from the internal chip of the component in real time through RFID reading devices during the storage, transportation, hoisting, and maintenance of the component. The full lifecycle information management unit is used to store and manage the digital history of components and update component status information in real time.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, the pre-embedded RFID chip unit includes a package shell and an RFID chip packaged inside it. The package shell adopts a ceramic-titanium alloy composite package structure and has an industrial-grade UHF RFID chip, a ceramic dielectric sensor unit, and a spiral antenna built in. The outer layer of the packaging shell is a high-purity alumina ceramic layer, the inner layer is a titanium alloy protective layer, and a nano-scale aerogel heat insulation layer is filled between the two layers. The encapsulation shell is integrally formed along its length and has a first binding part and a second binding part. The surface of the binding part has a groove and a through hole for threading insulating wire to achieve a firm binding. The back of the first binding part has an arc-shaped positioning slot for fitting with the steel reinforcement skeleton. The back of the second binding part and the encapsulation shell have an arc-shaped ramp to facilitate concrete filling.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the interface of the package shell is sealed by sintering with high borosilicate glass solder, and supplemented by a perfluoroelastomer sealing ring to form a double sealing structure, achieving a waterproof rating of IP68; the overall dimensions of the package shell are 25-35mm in length, 15-20mm in width, and 8-12mm in thickness.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the pre-embedded RFID chip unit is fixed on the non-critical reinforcing steel frame of the prefabricated component, and the installation position avoids the hoisting point and stress concentration area.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the full lifecycle information management unit is a central database or cloud platform integrated with the BIM model and digital twin model, used to achieve real-time data synchronization and multi-terminal sharing.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, a chip embedding location planning module based on a BIM model is also included, the planning module being configured to perform the following steps: S1: Import the BIM model of the prefabricated components, extract the structural parameters, functional parameters and process parameters of the components, and mark the prohibited areas; S2: Based on the component type, several candidate embedding locations that meet the preset spacing requirements and are unobstructed are initially selected in the BIM model; S3: Perform multi-constraint verification on each candidate location, including RF signal attenuation simulation, stress safety verification, construction feasibility verification, and operation and maintenance unobstructed verification. Then, use a dynamic weight comprehensive scoring formula to calculate and select candidate locations with a comprehensive score higher than the preset threshold. S4: Determine the final embedment location from the selected candidate locations, and bind its three-dimensional coordinate information with the component's unique identification code in the full life cycle information management unit.

[0011] In the preferred scheme, step S103 involves performing multi-constraint verification, specifically as follows: RF signal attenuation simulation: Enable the RF signal simulation function in the RF signal attenuation simulation BIM model, input the RFID chip parameters, and filter candidate locations that meet the preset signal attenuation amount. The signal attenuation formula is: ; Where A is the actual signal attenuation, A0 is the initial signal strength of the chip, k is the attenuation coefficient of the concrete medium, and d is the distance between the chip and the surface of the component. The stress safety verification is performed by linking the stress analysis results of components in the BIM model to ensure stress safety at candidate locations; the stress verification formula is: ; Where σ is the actual stress value at the candidate location, and σ0 is the design stress limit of the component; The construction feasibility verification involves simulating the construction process using the BIM model to verify the feasibility of candidate locations during the processes of rebar binding, pouring, demolding, and transportation and hoisting, and introduces a construction feasibility coefficient F. The operation and maintenance unobstructed verification is based on the BIM model operation and maintenance management module, which confirms that the candidate location has no post-construction obstruction after the building is completed, and the operation and maintenance unobstructed coefficient G. A dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring method is adopted, which is dynamically adjusted according to the component type to select candidate positions with a comprehensive score higher than a preset threshold. The dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring formula is as follows: ; in, , , , These are dynamic weighting coefficients.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, the full lifecycle information management unit supports the generation of multiple alternative schemes, verifies the collision validity of alternative schemes through the BIM model, calculates the assembly progress and predicted construction period based on chip data, and automatically alarms when the predicted construction period exceeds the warning value; the platform adopts a storage method combining in-memory database and relational database, supports WebGL rendering of assembly sub-models, and displays model geometric information, professional attributes and status information through JSON data structure.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides an RFID-based method for full-lifecycle identification and management of prefabricated components, applied to the aforementioned RFID-based full-lifecycle identification and management system for prefabricated components, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Chip preparation and information initialization. Write the component's unique identification code and initial information into the chip. The initial information includes the component model, design number, production batch, and date. Step 2: Chip pre-embedding and component production. The RFID chip with the information written on it is fixed in the preset position of the steel reinforcement frame. Then, concrete is poured, vibrated, cured and demolded to permanently encapsulate the chip inside the component. Step 3: Production and quality inspection information update. During the production and quality inspection stages, chip information is read and the relevant data is bound to the component's unique identification code and updated to the full lifecycle information management unit. Step 4: Warehousing and Transportation Management. In the warehousing and transportation process, RFID reading and writing devices are used to read component chips to achieve automated inventory management, logistics tracking and status updates. Step 5: On-site hoisting and installation verification. On-site, the component information and installation location are confirmed by reading the chip, and the component status is updated after installation. Step Six: Post-Operation and Maintenance Management. During the operation and maintenance phase, the entire lifecycle digital history of the component is obtained by scanning the internal chips of the component.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, in step two, the preset position of the chip is determined by the chip embedding position planning method based on the BIM model as described in claim 6 or 7; after the chip is fixed, a measuring device is used to verify the deviation between the actual position and the position marked in the BIM model. If the deviation exceeds the limit, the position is readjusted and verified.

[0015] This invention provides an RFID-based full-lifecycle identification and management system and method for prefabricated components, including a pre-embedded RFID chip unit for embedding inside the component during the prefabrication process; the RFID chip is an industrial-grade RFID chip; an information writing and binding unit electrically connected to the pre-embedded RFID chip unit, comprising a production line fixed RFID reader / writer for writing a unique identification code and initial information of the component before or after chip embedding, the identification code being associated and bound to the corresponding component unit in the database and BIM model of the full lifecycle information management unit; an information reading and tracking unit, comprising a handheld RFID reader / writer, a fixed RFID reader / writer, and a GPS vehicle positioning module, for reading information from the chip inside the component in real time through the RFID reading / writing device during the warehousing, transportation, hoisting, and maintenance stages of the component; and a full lifecycle information management unit for storing and managing the digital history of the component and updating the component status information in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the safety monitoring scheme for lifting and hoisting operations personnel according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the pre-embedded position of the RFID chip in the prefabricated component according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the RFID chip pre-embedded structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the packaging shell of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown, an RFID-based full-lifecycle identification and management system for prefabricated components includes: The pre-embedded RFID chip unit is used to embed inside the precast component during the production process. The RFID chip is an industrial-grade RFID chip. It adopts an industrial-grade RFID chip (preferably an ultra-high frequency UHF RFID tag) that is resistant to high temperature, high pressure, and corrosion and has strong electromagnetic signal penetration capability. It is specially packaged and protected to adapt to the alkaline environment of concrete and the harsh working conditions such as vibration and pressure during the production process.

[0018] The information writing and binding unit is electrically connected to the pre-embedded RFID chip unit on the component production line. The information writing and binding unit includes a production line fixed RFID reader, which is used to write the unique identification code (ID) of the component and the initial information related to the component (such as component model, design drawing number, production batch, date, etc.) into the chip before or after the chip is embedded. The ID is associated and bound to the corresponding component unit in the database and BIM model of the full life cycle information management unit.

[0019] The information reading and tracking unit includes a handheld RFID reader, a fixed RFID reader, and a GPS vehicle positioning module. It is used to read information from the internal chips of components in real time through RFID reading devices during the warehousing, transportation, hoisting, and maintenance phases of components. It can also read information from the internal chips of components remotely and in batches to achieve rapid inventory, logistics tracking, and precise hoisting positioning.

[0020] The full lifecycle information management unit is used to store and manage the digital history of components and update component status information in real time. A central database or cloud platform is integrated with the BIM model. Whenever the component status changes (e.g., completion of quality inspection, leaving the factory, arrival at the construction site, installation completion), the relevant responsible parties can update the component's status information, construction information, acceptance information, etc., on the platform by reading the chip ID, forming a continuously growing digital history of the component.

[0021] In this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the above units, the problems of easy wear and detachment of traditional surface markings such as inkjet printing and QR codes are solved, and the long-term effective binding of component identity is realized, breaking down information silos and realizing real-time collection and tracking of component information throughout the entire life cycle (production, warehousing, transportation, hoisting, operation and maintenance), which improves management efficiency and reduces error rate; the association between the unique component ID and the BIM model is established to realize automatic information binding, integrate the digital history of the entire component process, solve the problems of information dispersion and traceability difficulties, and optimize the location of quality problems and the determination of responsibility.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the entire process link from precast component manufacturing plant, logistics and warehousing center to construction site is displayed. It includes four core components: wireless network, cloud platform (integrated BIM model), fixed reader, and precast components (with built-in RFID chip). It clearly shows the information flow path of key links such as information writing and binding, automatic warehouse entry and exit management, hoisting identification and recording.

[0023] In the preferred design, the pre-embedded RFID chip unit adopts a ceramic-titanium alloy composite packaging structure. Its outer layer uses high-purity alumina ceramic, which can withstand the high temperatures of concrete pouring and curing (≥1200℃), resist long-term corrosion from the alkaline environment of concrete, and possesses strong electromagnetic signal penetration. The inner layer is equipped with a titanium alloy protective layer to enhance mechanical strength, resisting high-pressure impacts and vibrations during production, transportation, and hoisting. A nano-level aerogel insulation layer (thermal conductivity ≤0.02W / (m·K)) fills the space between the two layers, further enhancing high-temperature resistance. The packaging shell interface is sealed with high borosilicate glass solder sintering and a perfluoroelastomer sealing ring, achieving a double seal and an IP68 waterproof rating to adapt to the humid and corrosive environment inside concrete. This double-seal and waterproof design provides long-term sealing protection inside the concrete, extending the chip's lifespan.

[0024] The encapsulation shell integrates an industrial-grade UHF RFID chip, a ceramic dielectric sensor unit, and a helical antenna. Combined with the signal penetration of the outer ceramic layer, it can achieve long-distance reading of 8-10m. The double binding part, integrally formed along the length of the encapsulation shell, uses surface grooves, through holes, and arc-shaped steel bar positioning slots to achieve precise fixation and prevent displacement of the non-critical load-bearing steel skeleton of the precast component. The second binding part and the arc-shaped ramp on the back of the encapsulation shell can also guide the smooth filling of concrete pouring and avoid the accumulation of air bubbles, which not only ensures the structural density of the component, but also further enhances the high-pressure resistance of the encapsulation shell. Through the design of layered material protection and mechanical structure adaptation, the overall design simultaneously meets the requirements of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance and long-distance RFID signal identification capability in the whole life cycle of precast components.

[0025] In the preferred embodiment, the pre-embedded RFID chip unit is fixed on the non-critical reinforcing steel frame of the prefabricated component, avoiding lifting points and stress concentration areas.

[0026] In this embodiment, a unique ID code permanently binds the component to the BIM model and digital twin database, constructing a digital history for the component. An arc-shaped ramp guides the smooth filling of concrete pouring, preventing air bubble accumulation and improving the structural density of the component, while also enhancing the high-pressure resistance of the encapsulation shell. Throughout its entire lifecycle, all relevant information related to design, production, quality inspection, transportation, construction, and maintenance can be instantly retrieved via RFID readers, improving the efficiency of quality issue traceability. Simultaneously, deep collaboration between RFID, BIM, and digital twin technologies is achieved, with automatic data synchronization requiring no manual intervention. The encapsulation structure is adaptable to harsh mechanical environments such as concrete pouring, vibration, and hoisting, improving the chip's lifecycle installation stability.

[0027] In the preferred embodiment, the full lifecycle information management unit is a central database or cloud platform integrated with the BIM model and digital twin model, which automatically updates the construction status and digital history of the components.

[0028] In the preferred embodiment, the optimal embedding location of the RFID chip, based on the BIM model, is selected by embedding it inside the precast component during the prefabrication process. This method includes the following steps: S1: Component Characteristic Data Extraction: Import the BIM model of the target precast component into a dedicated analysis platform to extract the component's structural parameters, functional parameters, and process parameters. Structural parameters include component type, size specifications, steel reinforcement distribution, and stress concentration areas. Functional parameters include the routing and location of embedded pipelines, hoisting point coordinates, and subsequent operation and maintenance inspection surfaces. Process parameters include the concrete pouring process, vibration blind spots, and curing conditions. Mark the prohibited areas in the BIM model that need to be avoided. Prohibited areas include areas with dense main reinforcement, stirrup intersections, hoisting point stress areas, a 10cm radius around embedded pipelines, and a stress concentration area 5cm inward from the component's corners. S2: Preliminary Screening of Candidate Locations: Based on the component type, determine the approximate range of candidate locations. Mark 3-5 candidate locations in the BIM model, ensuring that the distance between the candidate locations and the prohibited areas is ≥10cm, there are no steel bars or pipelines obstructing the view, the locations are in areas where concrete can be easily compacted during pouring and vibration, and the locations are convenient for binding and fixing RFID chips. Specifically, for wall panel components, the candidate locations are the middle or upper part of the non-stressed area, ≥15cm from the edge of the component and 8-12cm from the surface; for beam and column components, the candidate locations are the side of the column or the web area of ​​the beam, 10-15cm from the surface; for floor slab components, the candidate locations are slightly above the middle of the slab thickness, 5-8cm from the surface. S3: Multi-constraint verification: Enable the radio frequency signal simulation function in the BIM model, input the RFID chip parameters, and verify the signal attenuation formula. Where A is the actual signal attenuation, A0 is the initial signal strength of the chip, k is the attenuation coefficient of the concrete medium, and d is the distance between the chip and the component surface; candidate locations with signal attenuation ≤ 30% are screened; the stress analysis results of the component in the BIM model are correlated, and the stress verification formula is used. Where σ is the actual stress value at the candidate location, and σ0 is the design stress limit of the component; ensure the stress safety of the candidate location; combine the BIM model construction process simulation to verify the feasibility of the candidate location in the process of rebar binding, pouring, demolding and transportation hoisting, and introduce the construction feasibility coefficient F( (F≥0.8 is the passing threshold); based on the BIM model operation and maintenance management module, it is confirmed that the candidate location will not be obstructed after the building is completed, and the operation and maintenance unobstructed coefficient G ( (G=1 indicates completely unobstructed) A dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring method is used, which is dynamically adjusted according to the component type to select candidate positions with S≥0.85; the dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring formula is: ; in, , , , These are dynamic weighting coefficients, and In this embodiment, wall panels are used. =0.4, beam and column type =0.2, floor slab type =0.3.

[0029] S4: Final location confirmation and binding: From the candidate locations that have passed the verification, select the location with the best signal penetration, the most convenient construction, and no obstruction during operation and maintenance as the final embedding location. Accurately mark its three-dimensional coordinates, distance from the component surface, and surrounding avoidance distance in the BIM model. Bind the location information with the component's unique ID and RFID chip parameters and synchronize it to the full life cycle information management platform to generate standardized construction drawings. S5: Construction Process Verification and Adjustment: After the rebar binding is completed, the actual position is verified using a laser rangefinder and rebar positioning instrument based on the coordinates marked in the BIM model, and the deviation is calculated using the formula. ( (For three-dimensional coordinate values) control deviation Δ≤±2cm; if there is a deviation Δ>±2cm between the site and the BIM model, update and adjust the model and re-execute S3 to verify the new position. After the chip is fixed, take a site photo and associate it with the BIM model for archiving. As shown in Table 1, this is the optimal embedding position data based on the BIM model in this embodiment.

[0030] Table 1. Reference Data for Optimal Embedment Locations of Different Types of Components

[0031] In this embodiment, the optimal chip embedding location selection method is adopted to accurately avoid prohibited areas such as areas with dense main reinforcement and stress concentration areas, thereby improving the structural safety of the component and the stability of chip signal transmission. Through multi-dimensional verification of signal attenuation, stress, construction feasibility, and unobstructed operation and maintenance, the optimal embedding location is ensured, solving the problems of reading failure and structural risks caused by unreasonable embedding locations in traditional methods. Strict control of construction deviations and dynamic adjustment of the model improve installation accuracy and enhance the level of construction standardization.

[0032] Furthermore, the location information is bound to the component ID and chip parameters, enabling digital traceability of the embedded location and facilitating subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the internal structure of the prefabricated components is clearly marked, the preset position of the RFID chip fixed on the steel reinforcement frame is clearly shown, and the relative installation relationship between the chip and the steel reinforcement frame is clearly presented, reflecting the pre-embedded design principle of avoiding key stress areas and facilitating later reading.

[0034] In the preferred scheme, the full lifecycle information management unit supports the generation of multiple alternative schemes, verifies the collision validity of alternative schemes through BIM model, calculates assembly progress and predicted construction period based on chip data, and automatically alarms when the predicted construction period exceeds the warning value; the platform adopts a storage method combining in-memory database and relational database, supports WebGL rendering of assembly sub-models, and displays model geometric information, professional attributes and status information through JSON data structure.

[0035] This embodiment reduces the risk of implementation and improves the feasibility of the assembly scheme through BIM clash verification; real-time monitoring of assembly progress improves the construction period and predicts alarms, solving the problem of lagging construction progress control; the hybrid storage method balances data storage efficiency and security, meeting the needs of managing massive data throughout the entire lifecycle; WebGL rendering and JSON data structure enable intuitive display of model information, facilitating multiple roles to quickly obtain component geometry, attributes, and status information, thus improving work efficiency.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, this demonstrates the design logic of layered protection of chip unit materials combined with mechanical structure adaptation, in order to meet the harsh working conditions throughout the entire lifecycle of prefabricated component production, transportation, construction and operation.

[0037] This embodiment leverages the non-contact, long-range (8-10m), and batch identification characteristics of RFID, combined with fixed and handheld reading and writing devices, to achieve automated warehouse inventory management, real-time tracking of transportation routes, rapid part retrieval at construction sites, and precise hoisting scheduling. This significantly reduces reliance on manual labor, lowers the error rate, and achieves automated synchronization of logistics and information flow, thereby improving management efficiency and the level of automation and intelligence in management.

[0038] Furthermore, the front-end server adopts hierarchical permission management, allowing different roles to perform differentiated operations such as information viewing, model editing, and chip binding, meeting the needs of multi-role collaboration; data transmission and storage are encrypted, and operation logs are traceable throughout the process, improving data integrity and security.

[0039] Example 2 To further illustrate, in conjunction with Example 1, The following describes in detail the specific implementation of the present invention using a typical prefabricated exterior wall panel production, transportation, and installation process: Step 1: Chip Preparation and Information Initialization After the component mold is ready but before the rebar is tied, an industrial-grade UHF RFID passive tag is selected. This tag is encapsulated in ABS+PC material, providing excellent sealing and mechanical strength. Using an RFID reader fixed on the production line, the system-generated globally unique ID code, along with basic component information (such as project name, component number, type, design strength, etc.), is written into the chip.

[0040] Step Two: Chip Embedding and Component Production The RFID chip, already inscribed with information, is securely fixed to a predetermined location on the non-critical reinforcing steel frame of the component using cable ties or special clips. This location should avoid subsequent lifting points and stress concentration areas, and should be convenient for later reading. Standard production processes such as concrete pouring, vibration, curing, and demolding are then carried out. The chip is permanently encapsulated within the concrete.

[0041] Step 3: Update Production and Quality Inspection Information After demolding, quality inspectors use a handheld reader to scan the component and read its internal chip ID. The system automatically displays the component's design information. The quality inspectors then upload the inspection results (such as dimensional deviations, strength reports, and appearance inspection records) to the management platform and bind them to the ID.

[0042] Step Four: Warehousing and Transportation Management When components are received into the warehouse, the fixed reader at the warehouse entrance can automatically read the IDs of all incoming and outgoing components in batches, achieving automated inventory management. During loading, the shipping list can be quickly verified; during transportation, scanning can also be performed at key points to update the logistics status.

[0043] Step 5: On-site hoisting and installation verification After the components arrive at the construction site, the crane operator or construction worker uses a fixed reader to remotely identify the components in the yard, confirming their model and installation location to avoid misuse. Before hoisting and positioning, the chip is scanned again, and the management platform records information such as "installed" status, installation time, and responsible personnel. It can also be linked with the BIM model to automatically update the construction status of the component in the model.

[0044] Step Six: Post-Operation and Maintenance Management During the operation and maintenance phase after the building is put into use, property or management personnel can still use specialized reading and writing equipment to scan the chips inside the wall to quickly obtain information such as the manufacturer, material information, installation date, and maintenance records of the component, providing accurate data support for the building's maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

[0045] Technical Principle: The core principle of the entire process is to utilize RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to physically integrate a chip storing a unique ID with the component, thus achieving a "hard link" between the physical and digital worlds. Each read / write operation confirms this link and enriches the digital information.

[0046] This embodiment achieves closed-loop management of component information from production to operation and maintenance through the above steps, solving the problem of discontinuous information flow; and improving construction accuracy and work efficiency.

[0047] In this embodiment, the unique identification code is a globally unique ID code, which is associated and bound to the component unit in the BIM model; the RFID chip is fixed to the steel reinforcement cage by cable ties or special buckles.

[0048] In the preferred embodiment, in step two, the preset position of the chip is determined by the chip embedding position planning method based on the BIM model in Example 1; after the chip is fixed, the deviation between the actual position and the position marked in the BIM model needs to be checked using a measuring device. If the deviation exceeds the limit, the position is readjusted and verified.

[0049] This embodiment provides the working process, working details and technical effects of a full-cycle identification and management system and method for prefabricated components based on RFID. Please refer to Embodiment 1 for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0050] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-lifecycle identification and management system for prefabricated components based on RFID, characterized in that, include: Pre-embedded RFID chip units are used to embed inside prefabricated components during the production process. The RFID chip is an industrial-grade RFID chip. The information writing and binding unit is electrically connected to the pre-embedded RFID chip unit. The information writing and binding unit includes a production line fixed RFID reader / writer, which is used to write the unique identification code and initial information of the component before or after the chip is embedded. The identification code is associated and bound to the corresponding component unit in the database and BIM model of the full life cycle information management unit. The information reading and tracking unit includes a handheld RFID reader, a fixed RFID reader, and a GPS vehicle positioning module, which are used to read information from the internal chip of the component in real time through RFID reading devices during the storage, transportation, hoisting, and maintenance of the component. The full lifecycle information management unit is used to store and manage the digital history of components and update component status information in real time.

2. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-embedded RFID chip unit includes a package shell and an RFID chip packaged inside it. The package shell adopts a ceramic-titanium alloy composite package structure and has an industrial-grade ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID chip, a ceramic dielectric sensor unit, and a spiral antenna built in. The outer layer of the packaging shell is a high-purity alumina ceramic layer, the inner layer is a titanium alloy protective layer, and a nano-scale aerogel heat insulation layer is filled between the two layers. The encapsulation shell is integrally formed along its length and has a first binding part and a second binding part. The surface of the binding part has a groove and a through hole for threading insulating wire to achieve a firm binding. The back of the first binding part has an arc-shaped positioning slot for fitting with the steel reinforcement skeleton. The back of the second binding part and the encapsulation shell have an arc-shaped ramp to facilitate concrete filling.

3. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The package interface is sealed by sintering high borosilicate glass solder, supplemented by a perfluoroelastomer sealing ring to form a double sealing structure, with a waterproof rating of IP68; the overall dimensions of the package are 25-35mm in length, 15-20mm in width, and 8-12mm in thickness.

4. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-embedded RFID chip unit is fixed on the non-critical load-bearing steel reinforcement frame of the prefabricated component, and the installation position avoids the hoisting point and stress concentration area.

5. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full lifecycle information management unit is a central database or cloud platform integrated with BIM models and digital twin models, used to achieve real-time data synchronization and multi-terminal sharing.

6. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a BIM model-based chip embedding location planning module, which is configured to perform the following steps: S1: Import the BIM model of the prefabricated components, extract the structural parameters, functional parameters and process parameters of the components, and mark the prohibited areas; S2: Based on the component type, several candidate embedding locations that meet the preset spacing requirements and are unobstructed are initially selected in the BIM model; S3: Perform multi-constraint verification on each candidate location, including RF signal attenuation simulation, stress safety verification, construction feasibility verification, and operation and maintenance unobstructed verification. Then, use a dynamic weight comprehensive scoring formula to calculate and select candidate locations with a comprehensive score higher than the preset threshold. S4: Determine the final embedment location from the selected candidate locations, and bind its three-dimensional coordinate information with the component's unique identification code in the full life cycle information management unit.

7. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S103, perform multi-constraint verification, specifically as follows: RF signal attenuation simulation: Enable the RF signal simulation function in the RF signal attenuation simulation BIM model, input the RFID chip parameters, and filter candidate locations that meet the preset signal attenuation amount. The signal attenuation formula is: ； Where A is the actual signal attenuation, A0 is the initial signal strength of the chip, k is the attenuation coefficient of the concrete medium, and d is the distance between the chip and the surface of the component. The stress safety verification is performed by linking the stress analysis results of components in the BIM model to ensure stress safety at candidate locations; the stress verification formula is: ； Where σ is the actual stress value at the candidate location, and σ0 is the design stress limit of the component; The construction feasibility verification involves simulating the construction process using the BIM model to verify the feasibility of candidate locations during the processes of rebar binding, pouring, demolding, and transportation and hoisting, and introduces a construction feasibility coefficient F. The operation and maintenance unobstructed verification is based on the BIM model operation and maintenance management module, which confirms that the candidate location has no post-construction obstruction after the building is completed, and the operation and maintenance unobstructed coefficient G. A dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring method is adopted, which is dynamically adjusted according to the component type to select candidate positions with a comprehensive score higher than a preset threshold. The dynamic weighted comprehensive scoring formula is as follows: ； in, , , , These are dynamic weighting coefficients.

8. The RFID-based prefabricated component full-lifecycle identification and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full lifecycle information management unit supports the generation of multiple alternative schemes, verifies the collision validity of alternative schemes through BIM models, calculates assembly progress and predicted construction period based on chip data, and automatically alarms when the predicted construction period exceeds the warning value. The platform adopts a storage method that combines in-memory database and relational database, supports WebGL rendering of assembly sub-models, and displays model geometric information, professional attributes and status information through JSON data structure.

9. A method for full-lifecycle identification and management of prefabricated components based on RFID, characterized in that, The system applied to any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Chip preparation and information initialization. Write the component's unique identification code and initial information into the chip. The initial information includes the component model, design number, production batch, and date. Step 2: Chip pre-embedding and component production. The RFID chip with the information written on it is fixed in the preset position of the steel reinforcement frame. Then, concrete is poured, vibrated, cured and demolded to permanently encapsulate the chip inside the component. Step 3: Production and quality inspection information update. During the production and quality inspection stages, chip information is read and the relevant data is bound to the component's unique identification code and updated to the full lifecycle information management unit. Step 4: Warehousing and Transportation Management. In the warehousing and transportation process, RFID reading and writing devices are used to read component chips to achieve automated inventory management, logistics tracking and status updates. Step 5: On-site hoisting and installation verification. On-site, the component information and installation location are confirmed by reading the chip, and the component status is updated after installation. Step Six: Post-Operation and Maintenance Management. During the operation and maintenance phase, the entire lifecycle digital history of the component is obtained by scanning the internal chips of the component.

10. The RFID-based full-cycle identification and management method for prefabricated components according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step two, the preset position of the chip is determined by the chip embedding position planning method based on the BIM model as described in claim 6 or 7. After the chip is fixed, a measuring device is used to check the deviation between the actual position and the position marked in the BIM model. If the deviation exceeds the limit, the position is readjusted and verified.

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