A substation site selection method and system based on digital twinning

Abstract

The application discloses a substation site selection method and system based on digital twinning, and belongs to the technical field of power engineering planning. The technical problem to be solved is that the traditional substation site selection method relies on artificial experience judgment, lacks quantitative evaluation means for terrain flatness, and cannot automatically calculate the amount of cutting and filling and accurately place buildings. The technical scheme points are obtaining terrain data of a target area and constructing a calculable terrain; importing a substation building model and configuring a collision body; scanning a plurality of candidate placement points in the effective range of the calculable terrain according to a preset step length, performing boundary constraint checking, and screening candidate points meeting the conditions; sampling the terrain height of each candidate placement point, calculating the target platform height and flatness index, and determining the optimal placement point according to the flatness index; and determining whether to level the terrain according to the comparison result of the flatness index of the optimal placement point and a preset threshold value, and placing the substation building model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power engineering planning technology, specifically to a substation site selection method and system based on digital twins. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional substation site selection methods primarily rely on two-dimensional topographic maps, on-site surveys, and engineers' experience, which have several limitations. First, the topographic analysis is limited in scope; two-dimensional topographic maps cannot accurately reflect the slope, undulations, and local features of the true three-dimensional terrain, leading to a lack of precision in site selection. Second, there is a lack of precise assessment methods that integrate building footprint with the terrain, making it difficult to uniformly consider engineering elements such as building leveling. Third, the site selection results rely excessively on experience, lacking visual and quantifiable verification methods. This makes it impossible to quickly verify the feasibility and conflict risks of the plan before construction, and also makes it impossible to quantitatively calculate the earthwork volume for hill cutting or filling, resulting in inaccurate project quantity estimates.

[0003] With the development of UAV surveying, geographic information modeling, and digital twin technologies, integrating real terrain data, building models, earthwork calculations, and constraint determination into a 3D virtual environment for simulation, quantitative evaluation, and optimization of candidate sites has become an effective way to improve the efficiency and scientific nature of site selection. However, existing technologies mostly focus on 3D display functions and lack a closed-loop process that can be implemented in engineering, including "candidate generation—land area calculation—balance optimization—precise placement—land verification." This results in calculation results that are difficult to reproduce, parameters that are difficult to configure, and a lack of transparency in the decision-making chain.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN110489896A discloses a method for site selection and design of temporary construction projects based on multi-source data fusion technology. It builds a three-dimensional GIS model by using multi-source data, establishes a BIM model library for large temporary facilities, and integrates the BIM model with the three-dimensional GIS to achieve visualization. This method has the technical effect of reducing the number of site surveys, reducing fieldwork workload, and improving the intuitiveness of the scheme. However, this scheme still relies on manual selection of locations on DOM images and lacks automated site selection algorithms and quantitative evaluation mechanisms for terrain flatness. It cannot achieve accurate calculation of fill and cut volumes and precise placement of buildings.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN119761660A discloses a method for intelligent site selection and route planning of substations. It generates a three-dimensional model through UAV oblique photography, establishes a multi-objective evaluation model, and optimizes candidate schemes by combining an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm. This method achieves the technical effect of automatically optimizing site selection schemes and improving planning accuracy and efficiency. However, this method focuses on balancing factors such as cost, environment, and power supply reliability at the macro level of site selection planning, and does not involve construction verification issues such as terrain flatness assessment, virtual terrain leveling, accurate placement of building collision bodies, and calculation of cutting and filling volumes at the micro level. Therefore, it is difficult to directly guide the implementation of engineering construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide: A substation site selection method and system based on digital twins, and related technologies, to solve the technical problems of traditional substation site selection methods, such as reliance on manual experience judgment, lack of quantitative evaluation methods for terrain flatness, inability to automatically calculate cut-and-fill volumes and accurately place buildings, or a combination thereof.

[0007] Terminology Explanation: Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms in this document have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the claims pertains. Unless otherwise stated, all patents, patent inventions, and publications cited in this document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. If multiple definitions exist for terms in this document, the definitions in this chapter shall prevail.

[0008] It should be understood that the above brief description and the following detailed description are exemplary and for illustrative purposes only, and do not limit the subject matter of the invention in any way. In this invention, the singular is used in conjunction with the plural unless otherwise specifically stated. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” or “or” means “and / or”. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising” and other forms such as “including,” “containing,” and “contains” are not limiting.

[0009] Unless specifically defined herein, the use of all commercially available products herein employs standard techniques. For example, it may be carried out using the manufacturer's instructions for use with the kit, or in accordance with methods known in the art or the description of this invention. The techniques and methods described herein can generally be implemented according to conventional methods well known in the art, based on the descriptions in the various summary and more specific documents cited and discussed in this specification.

[0010] The term "digital twin" as used in this article refers to: a virtual model of a physical entity constructed through digital technology, enabling real-time monitoring, simulation analysis, and interactive operation of real-world objects, systems, or processes.

[0011] The term "Unity3D" as used in this article refers to a cross-platform 3D game engine in the prior art, which has powerful graphics rendering, real-time simulation and interactive visualization capabilities, and can be used to build digital twin systems and virtual reality applications.

[0012] The term "collision body" as used in this article refers to a geometric component attached to an object in a 3D engine. It is used to define the physical boundaries of the object and participate in collision detection calculations, enabling virtual objects to simulate real physical contact and spatial positioning relationships.

[0013] In the field of digital twins, the Unity3D engine is widely used to simulate, visualize, and analyze virtual copies of objects, systems, or processes in the physical world. The core goal of digital twins is to monitor, analyze, and simulate the state of the real world by creating virtual models of it. The Unity3D engine provides powerful graphics rendering, real-time simulation, interactive visualization, and cross-platform support, making it an important tool in digital twin development. This invention specifically relates to a substation site selection digital twin system and its site selection optimization method based on the Unity3D platform, applicable to scenarios such as substation site comparison, scheme demonstration, and pre-construction decision support.

[0014] In a first aspect, the present invention provides: a substation site selection method based on digital twins, comprising the following steps: S1: Acquire terrain data of the target area, construct a 3D terrain model, and convert the 3D terrain model into computable terrain; S2: Import the substation building model and configure colliders for the substation building model; S3: Within the effective range of the computable terrain, multiple candidate placement points are generated by scanning at a preset step size. Boundary constraint checks are performed on each candidate placement point, and candidate placement points that meet the boundary constraint conditions are selected. S4: For each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraints, sample the terrain height of the corresponding area, calculate the target platform height and flatness index, and determine the optimal placement point based on the flatness index; S5: Based on the comparison result between the flatness index of the optimal placement point and the preset threshold, determine whether to perform terrain leveling and place the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

[0015] Further: the target platform height is the median of the sampled terrain heights; the formula for the median is:

[0016] Where H is the median of the sampled terrain heights. For the terrain height sample data obtained from the kth sampling, This represents the median of the entire dataset of sampled terrain heights. The flatness index is the maximum absolute deviation of the height of each sampling point relative to the height of the target platform; the formula for the maximum absolute deviation of the sample point height relative to the target height is:

[0017] Where E is the maximum absolute deviation of the sample point height relative to the target height. Here, H represents the median of the k-th terrain height sample, and max represents the maximum value obtained from the sampled terrain height samples. The set of absolute values ​​is taken as the maximum value.

[0018] Further: In S4, the method for determining the optimal placement point based on the flatness index is as follows: when there are candidate placement points with a flatness index less than or equal to a preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is selected as the optimal placement point; when the flatness index of all candidate placement points is greater than the preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is selected as the optimal placement point.

[0019] Further: In S5, when the flatness index of the optimal placement point is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the original terrain remains unchanged, and the substation building model is placed directly; when the flatness index of the optimal placement point is greater than the preset threshold and terrain modification is allowed, the terrain of the corresponding area is leveled to the height of the target platform before the substation building model is placed.

[0020] Further: In S5, when placing the substation building model, the height offset from the pivot point of the substation building model to the bottom surface of the collider and the horizontal offset from the pivot point to the geometric center of the collider are calculated. The position of the substation building model is corrected according to the height offset and the horizontal offset. After placement, the rigid body properties of the substation building model are locked.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes S6: After placement, extract the bottom vertex of the collision body of the substation building model, project the bottom vertex onto the plane where the target platform is located, and calculate the floor area of ​​the substation building model.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes: calculating the volume of cutting and filling based on the height of the target platform, wherein the portion above the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of cutting, and the portion below the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of filling, and the volume of cutting and filling is obtained by accumulating the volume of the terrain grid unit surface.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes: calculating the volume of cutting and filling based on the height of the target platform, wherein the portion above the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of cutting, and the portion below the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of filling, and the volume of cutting and filling is obtained by accumulating the volume of the terrain grid unit surface.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes: cloning the original terrain data to generate a terrain copy before operation, performing site selection and leveling operations on the terrain copy, and switching back to the original terrain data after operation.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides: a substation location system based on digital twins, used to implement the above-mentioned substation location method based on digital twins, comprising: The terrain modeling module is used to acquire terrain data of the target area, construct a 3D terrain model, and convert the 3D terrain model into computable terrain. The building import module is used to import substation building models and configure colliders for the substation building models. The candidate generation module is used to scan and generate multiple candidate placement points within the effective range of the computable terrain at a preset step size, and to perform boundary constraint checks on each candidate placement point. The site selection evaluation module is used to sample the terrain height of each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraints, calculate the target platform height and flatness index, and determine the optimal placement point based on the flatness index. The placement execution module is used to determine whether to level the terrain based on the comparison result between the flatness index of the optimal placement point and the preset threshold, and to place the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts a single-index flatness evaluation method, using the median of the terrain height sample as the target platform height, and the maximum absolute deviation of each sampling point relative to the target height as the flatness index. The algorithm is simple, stable, and intuitive, facilitating engineering review and verification, and realizing the transformation of substation site selection from qualitative experience judgment to quantitative automatic evaluation.

[0027] 2. This invention establishes a terrain processing strategy of "prioritizing not leveling and leveling only when necessary". Leveling is only performed when the flatness index of the optimal placement point exceeds a preset threshold and terrain modification is allowed. This reduces the risk of modifying the original terrain resources. At the same time, it can automatically calculate the cutting and filling volumes, providing accurate earthwork volume data for project cost estimation.

[0028] 3. This invention achieves precise building placement through collision body configuration and pivot offset correction, and automatically extracts the bottom vertex of the collision body to calculate the actual land area. Combined with the operational terrain data cloning and restoration mechanism, it forms a complete closed-loop engineering process of "candidate generation - flatness assessment - terrain leveling - precise placement - land area calculation", which improves the feasibility of site selection decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates a substation site selection method based on digital twins provided by this invention.

[0030] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a substation location selection system based on digital twins provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed by the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosed content, and such changes should also fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all instruments, devices, equipment, reagents, products, etc., used in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a substation site selection method based on digital twins, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring terrain data of the target area, constructing a three-dimensional terrain model, and converting the three-dimensional terrain model into computable terrain; S2, importing the substation building model and configuring collision bodies for the substation building model; S3, within the effective range of the computable terrain, scanning to generate multiple candidate placement points at a preset step size, performing boundary constraint checks on each candidate placement point, and filtering out candidate placement points that meet the boundary constraint conditions; S4, for each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraint conditions, sampling the terrain height of the corresponding area, calculating the target platform height and flatness index, and determining the optimal placement point based on the flatness index; S5, based on the comparison result of the flatness index of the optimal placement point with a preset threshold, determining whether to perform terrain leveling processing, and placing the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

[0034] Specifically, in step S1, terrain data of the target area is collected by a drone and a 3D terrain model file in OBJ format is generated. This 3D terrain model is then imported into the Unity3D platform and converted into a computable terrain in Unity Terrain format, while simultaneously generating terrain colliders. In step S2, a pre-built OBJ model of the substation building is imported into Unity3D, and collider and rigid body properties are configured on the building sub-objects, enabling the building model to participate in engineering calculations and collision detection. In step S3, the size of the candidate terrain is determined based on the dimensions of the building colliders. Within the effective range of the terrain, a mesh scan is performed at a given step size to generate candidate center points. Constraint checks are performed based on the boundaries of the building colliders to ensure that the building falls entirely within the effective range of the terrain. Steps S4 and S5 implement a single-index evaluation site selection with the core objective of "as flat as possible" for building placement, and determine whether to level the terrain before placing the building based on the evaluation results. The above method automates and digitizes substation site selection, improving site selection efficiency and the scientific nature of decision-making.

[0035] In one specific embodiment of this example, the target platform height is the median of the sampled terrain heights, calculated using the formula H = median({hk}), where H is the median, hk is the terrain height of the k-th sampling point, and median represents the median of all sampled data. The flatness index is the maximum absolute deviation of the height of each sampling point relative to the target platform height, calculated using the formula E = max|hk - H|, where E is the maximum absolute deviation, and max represents the maximum value in the set of absolute values. Using the median to determine the target height effectively resists interference from extreme values. The maximum absolute deviation index is intuitive; the smaller the worst deviation between the highest and lowest points in the candidate area relative to the target height, the flatter the surface.

[0036] In one specific implementation of this embodiment, step S4 determines the optimal placement point based on the flatness index as follows: when there are candidate placement points with a flatness index less than or equal to a preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is selected as the optimal placement point; when the flatness index of all candidate placement points is greater than the preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is still selected as the optimal placement point. That is, regardless of whether there are candidate points that meet the threshold requirements, the system selects the globally flattest location to ensure that the optimal placement result can be given under any terrain conditions.

[0037] In one specific embodiment of this example, in step S5, when the flatness index of the optimal placement point is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the original terrain remains unchanged, and the substation building model is placed directly. When the flatness index of the optimal placement point is greater than the preset threshold and terrain modification is allowed, the terrain of the corresponding area is leveled to the target platform height before the substation building model is placed. This strategy ensures that in most cases only site selection and placement are performed, and the terrain is modified only when flatness is insufficient, reducing the risk of impacting the original terrain resources.

[0038] In one specific embodiment of this example, when placing the substation building model in step S5, the height offset from the pivot point of the substation building model to the bottom surface of the collider and the horizontal offset from the pivot point to the geometric center of the collider are calculated. The substation building model is then positionally corrected based on these height and horizontal offsets. After placement, the rigid body properties of the substation building model are locked. Specifically, the height offset from the pivot point to the bottom surface of the collider is first calculated for vertical positioning, and then the horizontal offset from the pivot point to the geometric center of the collider is calculated for horizontal positioning. After placing the building at the optimal site center, the rigid body is locked to prevent positional offset during placement, thereby improving the building placement accuracy.

[0039] In one specific embodiment of this example, step S6 is further included: After placement, the bottom vertices of the collision body of the substation building model are extracted, and the bottom vertices are projected onto the plane where the target platform height is located to calculate the floor area of ​​the substation building model. Specifically, using the target platform height H as the calculation plane height, the four corner points of the bottom surface of the building collision body are extracted and projected onto this plane to form an axis-aligned rectangle in the plane of the building root node, thereby obtaining the floor area.

[0040] In one specific implementation of this embodiment, when the substation building model contains multiple colliders, the projected rectangle of each collider is calculated separately, and the overlapping area is calculated for the multiple projected rectangles to obtain the actual footprint. That is, after removing the overlapping parts of the multiple collider rectangles, the sums are obtained, and the total area, overlapping area, actual footprint, and vertex coordinates are output, and the footprint area is visualized.

[0041] In one specific embodiment of this example, the method further includes calculating the cutting and filling volumes based on the target platform height. The portion exceeding the target platform height is counted as cutting volume, and the portion below the target platform height is counted as filling volume. The cutting and filling volumes are then summed according to the terrain grid unit surfaces to obtain the total volume. This calculation provides earthwork data for mountain cutting or filling for project cost estimation.

[0042] In one specific embodiment of this example, the method further includes cloning the original terrain data to generate a terrain copy before operation, performing site selection and leveling operations on the terrain copy, and switching back to the original terrain data after operation. This runtime resource protection mechanism prevents modification of the original terrain resource file during operation, thus improving the security of engineering data.

[0043] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a substation location system based on digital twins for implementing the above-mentioned substation location method, comprising: The terrain modeling module is used to acquire terrain data of the target area, construct a 3D terrain model, and convert the 3D terrain model into computable terrain. The building import module is used to import the substation building model and configure collision bodies for the substation building model; the candidate generation module is used to scan and generate multiple candidate placement points within the effective range of the calculable terrain at a preset step size, and to perform boundary constraint checks on each candidate placement point. The site selection evaluation module is used to sample the terrain height of each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraints, calculate the target platform height and flatness index, and determine the optimal placement point based on the flatness index. The placement execution module is used to determine whether to level the terrain based on the comparison between the flatness index of the optimal placement point and the preset threshold, and to place the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

[0044] The above modules work together to achieve a complete site selection process, from the construction of a digital twin of the terrain to the precise placement of buildings.

[0045] Example 3 The following is a practical example for further explanation: This embodiment designs a digital twin system and its algorithm for substation site selection based on virtual reality technology. By constructing an integrated digital twin model of "terrain-building-constraints-evaluation", it achieves the following: 1) Construct a computable and interactive 3D terrain model based on UAVs; 2) Scan the candidate substation placement center points within the terrain area by step size, and automatically generate candidate substation placement locations based on terrain data; 3) Prioritize not modifying the terrain; only perform terrain leveling and place the substation in the virtual environment when the flatness of the substation location exceeds the threshold; after the optimal site is determined, achieve precise substation placement. 4) After the substation is placed, the contact vertices of the collision bodies at the bottom of the substation are automatically extracted and the area occupied is calculated. The effect of building the substation on the terrain is visualized, and the amount of earthwork required to fill the lake or cut the mountain is calculated.

[0046] 1. System overall structure, The system includes the following modules: A. Terrain Modeling: Terrain data is collected by UAVs and a 3D terrain model is generated, outputting a 3D terrain model file in OBJ format; B. Terrain Import: Import the 3D terrain model into Unity3D to create a 3D map of the terrain; C. Substation Modeling and Import: First, a 3D model of the substation building is created, then the substation building model is imported into Unity3D and the collision body and rigid body properties are configured to form a digital twin of the substation that can participate in engineering calculations and collision detection. D. Candidate Generation and Constraint Filtering: Scan candidate center points by step size; perform constraint checks based on real terrain boundaries; E. Optimal solution selection: Scan candidate center points by step size, calculate the flatness of candidate substation placement points and select the optimal point; F. Terrain leveling and building placement: If the terrain flatness exceeds the threshold, the terrain is leveled; then the building is placed precisely according to the offset between the collision body center and the pivot base. G. Building footprint calculation and visualization: After a building comes into contact with the terrain, obtain the contact vertex and footprint between the building and the terrain, output logs and visualize the footprint area; H. Runtime resource protection: Clone the original terrain data in runtime and automatically restore the terrain after exiting the runtime to prevent modification of the original terrain resource files during runtime.

[0047] 2. Site selection optimization methods The site selection algorithm of this invention takes "as flat as possible" the building placement location as its sole core objective, and uses a single index evaluation, which is easy to express and implement.

[0048] 2.1 Candidate point generation and constraints, The size of the candidate terrain is determined by the size of the building's collider and is relatively fixed, preventing candidate terrain of varying sizes from appearing. Within the effective range of the terrain, a mesh scan is performed at a given step size to generate candidate center points. For each candidate point, the building must fall completely within the effective range of the terrain, subject to the current collider boundary constraints.

[0049] 2.2 Target altitude determined, For candidate points that meet the constraints, terrain heights are sampled to obtain a height sample set. The target platform height is taken as the median of the sample heights, denoted as:

[0050] 2.3 Flatness evaluation and optimal point selection, Use a single indicator To measure the flatness of the candidate area for building placement: the maximum absolute deviation of the sample point height relative to the target height is:

[0051] Will As an evaluation metric for candidate building placement sites, if multiple areas fall within the terrain flatness threshold, then the selected area will be chosen from all candidate areas. The location with the lowest flatness threshold is selected as the optimal site. If no area within the entire terrain meets the flatness threshold, the location with the highest relative flatness will be chosen, even if it is... If the threshold is exceeded, the area is then flattened. The meaning of this metric is intuitive: the smaller the "worst deviation" between the highest and lowest points within the candidate area relative to the target height, the flatter the surface.

[0052] 2.4 Output of cut and fill volume, For engineering reference, the script synchronously outputs the height of the candidate point. Estimated cut-off and fill volumes: higher than The portion is counted as a reduction, lower than The portion is counted as fill, and the volume is obtained by accumulating the surface area of ​​the terrain grid unit, thereby calculating the earthwork volume of mountain cutting or filling.

[0053] 3. Terrain processing and building placement methods, 3.1 The default setting is not to level the terrain; leveling is only performed when necessary. The system does not modify the original terrain by default; it only modifies the flatness index of the optimal point. Only when the threshold is exceeded and terrain modification is permitted will the platform's area be written back to the original terrain for leveling. This strategy ensures that in most cases only site selection and placement are performed, reducing the risk of impacting the original terrain resources.

[0054] 3.2 Precise placement of buildings, 1) Calculate the height offset from the pivot to the bottom of the colliding body; 2) Calculate the horizontal offset from the pivot to the geometric center of the collider, and add manual fine-tuning. 3) Place the building at the optimal site center; 4) Lock the building rigid body after placement to prevent displacement caused by placement.

[0055] 4. Method for calculating contact vertices and floor area. After placement, Used to calculate the plane height. Implementation: 1) Extract the four corner points of the bottom surface of the building collision body and project them onto the plane height; 2) Form an axis-aligned rectangle within the plane of the building root node; 3) Perform anti-overlap area calculation on multiple colliding rectangles to obtain the actual occupied area; 4) Output the total area, overlapping area, actual occupied area and vertex coordinates, and visualize the occupied area.

[0056] 5. Usage process, S1: Terrain Digital Twin Construction: Import the drone terrain OBJ into Unity, convert it to Unity Terrain, and generate terrain colliders; S2: Building a digital twin of a building: Import the building OBJ, configure collision bodies and rigid bodies in the sub-objects, and attach the relevant scripts; S3: Parameter settings: Bind terrain and buildings in the script Inspector, and set step size, threshold, etc. S4: Run: After clicking Play, the script will automatically perform site selection and placement; evaluation metrics If the threshold is met, the building is placed directly on the original terrain. If the evaluation criteria... If the threshold is exceeded and the terrain is allowed to be leveled, then the building will be placed on the leveled platform. S5: Output: The console outputs the optimal site location coordinates, target height, and evaluation metrics. It includes thresholds, fill volume estimation, land area and contact point coordinates, and visualizes the land area in the scene.

[0057] Verification of technical effectiveness and / or analysis of technical problem solving Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) Enable rapid construction of drone terrain into computable terrain (Unity Terrain); 2) The site selection process is automated, and the judgment is intuitive and reliable; 3) Use single-index flatness As an evaluation criterion, the algorithm is simple, stable, and easy to implement in engineering. 4) Prioritize not modifying the original terrain, and only select leveling when "flatness is insufficient but permissible" to improve operational safety; 5) The building placement takes into account the offset between the pivot and the center of the collision body, which improves the placement accuracy of the building; 6) After placement, the system automatically calculates the contact vertices and the area occupied, quantitatively calculates the engineering quantity, and visualizes the 3D scene after the power station is completed; 7) The original terrain model is cloned in runtime and the original resources are protected to avoid resource damage and improve project safety.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substation site selection method based on digital twins, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Acquire terrain data of the target area, construct a 3D terrain model, and convert the 3D terrain model into computable terrain; S2: Import the substation building model and configure colliders for the substation building model; S3: Within the effective range of the computable terrain, multiple candidate placement points are generated by scanning at a preset step size. Boundary constraint checks are performed on each candidate placement point, and candidate placement points that meet the boundary constraint conditions are selected. S4: For each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraints, sample the terrain height of the corresponding area, calculate the target platform height and flatness index, and determine the optimal placement point based on the flatness index; S5: Based on the comparison result between the flatness index of the optimal placement point and the preset threshold, determine whether to perform terrain leveling and place the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

2. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target platform height is the median of the sampled terrain heights; the formula for the median is: Where H is the median of the sampled terrain heights. For the terrain height sample data obtained from the kth sampling, This represents the median of the entire dataset of sampled terrain heights. The flatness index is the maximum absolute deviation of the height of each sampling point relative to the height of the target platform; the formula for the maximum absolute deviation of the sample point height relative to the target height is: Where E is the maximum absolute deviation of the sample point height relative to the target height. Here, H represents the median of the k-th terrain height sample, and max represents the maximum value obtained from the sampled terrain height samples. The set of absolute values ​​is taken as the maximum value.

3. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the method for determining the optimal placement point based on the flatness index is as follows: when there are candidate placement points with a flatness index less than or equal to a preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is selected as the optimal placement point; when the flatness index of all candidate placement points is greater than the preset threshold, the candidate placement point with the smallest flatness index is selected as the optimal placement point.

4. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, when the flatness index of the optimal placement point is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the original terrain remains unchanged and the substation building model is placed directly; when the flatness index of the optimal placement point is greater than the preset threshold and terrain modification is allowed, the terrain of the corresponding area is leveled to the height of the target platform before the substation building model is placed.

5. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, when placing the substation building model, the height offset from the pivot point of the substation building model to the bottom surface of the collider and the horizontal offset from the pivot point to the geometric center of the collider are calculated. The position of the substation building model is corrected according to the height offset and the horizontal offset. After placement, the rigid body properties of the substation building model are locked.

6. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes S6: After placement, extract the bottom vertex of the collision body of the substation building model, project the bottom vertex onto the plane where the target platform is located, and calculate the floor area of ​​the substation building model.

7. The substation site selection method based on digital twin according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the substation building model contains multiple colliders, the projected rectangle of each collider is calculated separately, and the overlapping area is calculated for the multiple projected rectangles to obtain the actual footprint.

8. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The volume of cutting and filling is calculated based on the height of the target platform. The portion above the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of cutting, and the portion below the height of the target platform is counted as the volume of filling. The volume of cutting and filling is obtained by accumulating the volume of the terrain grid unit surface.

9. The substation site selection method based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Before running, clone the original terrain data to generate a terrain copy, perform site selection and leveling operations on the terrain copy, and switch back to the original terrain data after the run is complete.

10. A substation location system based on digital twins, used to implement the substation location method based on digital twins as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The terrain modeling module is used to acquire terrain data of the target area, construct a 3D terrain model, and convert the 3D terrain model into computable terrain. The building import module is used to import substation building models and configure colliders for the substation building models. The candidate generation module is used to scan and generate multiple candidate placement points within the effective range of the computable terrain at a preset step size, and to perform boundary constraint checks on each candidate placement point. The site selection evaluation module is used to sample the terrain height of each candidate placement point that meets the boundary constraints, calculate the target platform height and flatness index, and determine the optimal placement point based on the flatness index. The placement execution module is used to determine whether to level the terrain based on the comparison result between the flatness index of the optimal placement point and the preset threshold, and to place the substation building model at the optimal placement point.

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