Data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on light storage micro-grid interconnection

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of data center power supply guarantee, in particular to a data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on optical storage micro-grid interconnection, comprising a building group direct current micro-grid formed by connecting a plurality of building subsystems with photovoltaic power generation units, distributed energy storage units and direct current loads through a direct current interconnection network, wherein the building group direct current micro-grid is connected with a direct current power supply bus of a small data center through at least two independent power supply links; the present application coordinates the operation states of photovoltaic power generation, centralized energy storage and distributed energy storage in the interconnected building group, establishes a cooperative control mechanism with the continuous power supply of the data center as the priority target, so as to fully utilize distributed renewable energy while ensuring the power supply safety and reliability of the data center load under different operation scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data center power supply assurance technology, and in particular to a data center power supply assurance operation control method based on the interconnection of photovoltaic and energy storage microgrids. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, various solutions combining photovoltaics and energy storage exist for power supply assurance of data centers, especially small data centers. However, solutions for coordinating power supply and operation control by interconnecting these solutions with photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building complexes via DC microgrids are still lacking. Existing solutions either focus on the internal assurance of a single data center or are limited to traditional AC architectures and simple interconnections, all of which have significant shortcomings in achieving efficient aggregation of energy from multiple buildings, hierarchical coordinated control, and rapid and seamless switching in response to complex fault conditions.

[0003] (1) In terms of energy aggregation and cluster collaborative control, existing technologies are often limited to energy management within a single system. For example, the prior art document "Power Supply Guarantee System and Method for Big Data Centers Based on Distributed Photovoltaics" (application number: CN202210948199.5) achieves joint power supply to the data center by photovoltaics and backup thermal power, but its architecture is essentially independent and does not involve the clustered interconnection of multiple photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible buildings. This scheme cannot improve the overall power supply reliability and economy through energy mutual assistance between building groups, and its energy storage system adopts a grouped independent working mode, lacking a hierarchical coordination strategy between centralized and distributed energy storage, making it difficult to optimize the overall charging and discharging behavior of the system.

[0004] (2) Regarding the efficiency and mutual support capabilities of the power supply architecture, existing solutions are mostly based on traditional AC architectures, which suffer from multiple energy conversion levels and significant efficiency losses. For example, the prior art document "A Power Supply Guarantee Device for Data Centers Using an Integrated Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Microgrid" (application number: CN202120922497.8) constructs a photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid based on an AC bus. However, this solution is designed for an independent microgrid and does not consider the efficient interconnection of multiple such systems through a DC bus to form a resource pool. Therefore, it does not have the ability to achieve dynamic power support and mutual backup through DC interconnection of building groups, and its power supply flexibility and reliability are limited.

[0005] (3) Regarding the coordination of fault protection and power supply assurance, some technologies focus on fault isolation of interconnected systems, but are not deeply coupled with the continuous power supply strategy for critical loads. For example, the prior art document "A Fault Protection System and Method for Optical Storage DC-Flexible Dual-End Interconnection" (application number: CN202410547688.9) focuses on solving the problem of rapid current limiting and isolation of faults in dual-end interconnected DC systems. However, this patent does not explain how to ensure different power outages of data center loads through system-level control logic and switching actions (such as dual power supply switching cabinets and bidirectional power converter switching) when specific faults such as the loss of power to a section of cluster bus occur. That is, there is a disconnect between protection actions and power supply assurance processes.

[0006] (4) Regarding the matching of control logic and protection objectives, existing hierarchical energy storage control strategies mainly serve the grid dispatching needs rather than the protection of internal critical loads. The prior art document "A Hierarchical Energy Storage System and Control Method for Centralized and Distributed Combined Application" (application number: CN201711339210.3) proposes a control logic that prioritizes the dispatch of centralized energy storage to respond to grid demands. This control objective, which is oriented towards the external grid, is not suitable for the building cluster microgrid in this scenario, which focuses on ensuring the power supply to the data center and prioritizing the absorption of local photovoltaic power. It cannot achieve the critical load-centric operation mode of "charging in sequence when there is a power surplus, discharging in sequence when there is a power shortage, and prioritizing protection during faults".

[0007] In summary, existing technologies lack an integrated operation and control method specifically designed for the interconnection of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building clusters of DC microgrids, with built-in small data centers. This method needs to integrate multiple control strategies, including cluster energy optimization management under normal operating conditions, rapid and seamless power switching during fault conditions, and coordinated protection by centralized and distributed energy storage, to systematically address the dual challenges of efficient energy utilization and high-reliability power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid interconnection. By coordinating the operation status of photovoltaic, centralized energy storage and distributed energy storage in the interconnected building group, a collaborative control mechanism is established with the continuous power supply of the data center as the priority. In this way, while making full use of distributed renewable energy, the power supply safety and reliability of the data center load under different operating scenarios are ensured.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention: A data center power supply assurance and operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection includes a main system. The main system comprises a building cluster DC microgrid formed by multiple building subsystems equipped with photovoltaic power generation units, distributed energy storage units, and DC loads connected via a DC interconnection network, a centralized energy storage unit, and a small data center. The method adjusts the operating modes of each building subsystem, centralized energy storage system, and small data center by monitoring data within the main system. The building cluster DC microgrid is connected to the DC power supply bus of the small data center via at least two independent power supply links. The method is as follows: Real-time monitoring is conducted using data acquisition equipment to assess the overall power generation of the building complex's DC microgrid, the load power of each building subsystem, the load demand power of the small data center, and the status parameters of centralized and distributed energy storage units. Data processing equipment analyzes the data monitored in step 1 to determine the current operating mode of the overall system. Based on the determined operating mode, the cluster control manager executes the corresponding preset operating control strategy, issuing coordinated control commands to each energy storage unit and power electronic conversion device to manage power flow and ensure the continuity of power supply to the data center.

[0010] Furthermore, the building cluster DC microgrid includes a cluster DC bus section I and a cluster DC bus section II, which are connected by a first bidirectional power converter; The small data center is equipped with 375V DC bus 1 and 375V DC bus 2, which are connected by a second bidirectional power converter; the cluster DC bus I section is connected to the 375V DC bus 1 through a first power supply link, and the cluster DC bus II section is connected to the 375V DC bus 2 through a second power supply link. The overall system also includes a power supply cabinet for small data center servers and an uninterruptible power supply system; the cluster control manager is communicatively connected to the data acquisition equipment, data processing equipment and each controlled unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the operating modes include at least the power generation surplus mode and power generation shortage mode during normal operation of the overall system, as well as the power supply guarantee mode and off-grid operation mode when the overall system fails; the power generation surplus mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is greater than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center; the power generation shortage mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is less than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center. Let the total power generation of the system be Total load demand is Define power difference for: ; The power supply guarantee mode refers to the mode triggered when a main power supply path of a small data center fails due to a fault; the off-grid operation mode refers to the mode when the DC microgrid of the building complex is disconnected from the upper-level power grid and a serious fault occurs within the interconnection network.

[0012] Furthermore, when the overall system is determined to be in a power generation surplus mode, the operational control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes issuing surplus power commands to the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem for charging, until all distributed energy storage units reach full charge or a charging limit is set; after all distributed energy storage units are saturated or cannot fully absorb the surplus power, the remaining surplus power is then dispatched to the centralized energy storage units for charging; during this process, the voltage of the small data center power supply bus is kept stable. When the total system power generation exceeds the load demand, and the system is in a state of power generation surplus, that is... Priority is given to charging the distributed energy storage units of each building subsystem and small data unit. Only after the distributed energy storage units are fully charged will the centralized energy storage unit be charged. Let the total charging power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The charging power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The time interval is Charging priority control follows the formula below: First, the charging power allocation for the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If there is still surplus power after charging, that is Then the charging power allocation of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: ; Furthermore, when the overall system is determined to be in a power shortage mode, the operational control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes calling the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem to discharge in order to make up for the system power shortage, until each distributed energy storage unit reaches the discharge limit or cannot provide the required power; after the distributed energy storage unit discharges its capacity, the centralized energy storage unit discharges to make up for the remaining power shortage; during the control process, the voltage of the small data center power supply bus must be maintained within the allowable range. When the total system power generation is less than the load demand, and the system is in a state of underpowerment, that is... The system prioritizes discharging distributed energy storage units to compensate for power shortages. If the discharge from distributed energy storage units is still insufficient, the centralized energy storage units will supplement the discharge. Let the total discharge power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is The discharge power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is Discharge priority control follows the formula below: First, the discharge power allocation of the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If a power deficit still exists after discharge, that is Then the discharge power distribution of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: ; Furthermore, when the overall system is determined to have triggered the power supply guarantee mode, the specific operational control strategies executed include: if the 375V DC bus 1 loses its power supply capability due to the power failure of the cluster DC bus section I, the dual power switching cabinet inside the small data center is controlled to switch to power supply from the 375V DC bus 2, and the power supply is maintained through the corresponding low-voltage side circuit breaker. At the same time, the server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by an uninterruptible power supply system. In this mode, the cluster control manager reschedules the photovoltaic power generation units and distributed energy storage units in the remaining normal parts of the building complex to prioritize power supply to the small data center load, and calls the centralized energy storage unit to supply power when necessary. If the fault occurs in the cluster DC bus section II, symmetrical switching and control logic is executed. Assume the power requirement of a small data center load is The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is The total discharge power of the distributed energy storage unit is Under the power supply guarantee mode, the following conditions must be met first: ; If this condition is not met, that is Then, the centralized energy storage unit is used for power supply, and its discharge power is assumed to be... , so that: ; When a serious fault occurs that forces a small data center to operate independently from the DC microgrid, it can be connected to a diesel generator for emergency power supply via a specific interface. Define fault variables: Let The fault is a power outage on section I of the DC bus of the cluster. The fault is a power outage on section II of the cluster's DC bus; the power switching logic is as follows: When the DC bus section I of the cluster loses power, causing the 375V DC bus 1 powered by it to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The control unit switches the dual power supply switch cabinet of the small data center to the 375V DC bus 2 powered by the DC bus section II of the cluster, and supplies normal power to the load by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF2 and QF4. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 at the same time. When the power supply to section II of the cluster DC bus fails, causing the 375V DC bus 2 to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The dual power supply switching cabinet switches to 375V DC bus 1 and supplies power to the load normally by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF1 and QF3. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 simultaneously.

[0013] If a double fault occurs, that is and If this is the case, the diesel generator connection logic will be triggered to ensure emergency power supply. The cluster control manager dynamically executes the aforementioned charging / discharging priority control and power switching logic based on the optimization and protection instructions issued by the data processing equipment, combined with real-time operating status and fault information; and defines a real-time operating status vector: ; Control output vector: ; The control method is implemented through the following mapping: ; in This refers to the control algorithm executed collaboratively by the data processing equipment and the cluster control manager, which effectively coordinates the charging and discharging behavior of centralized and distributed energy storage, and ensures the continuity and reliability of power supply to small data centers.

[0014] Furthermore, when the overall system is determined to enter off-grid operation mode, the cluster control manager divides the building cluster DC microgrid into several independently operable islands, with the island containing the critical power supply path for the small data center being set as the highest priority. In this mode, by controlling devices such as the first and second bidirectional power converters to disconnect faulty or non-critical sections, and activating preset specific emergency interfaces to connect emergency power sources such as diesel generators, emergency power is provided to the critical island containing the small data center, ensuring the continuous operation of the core load of the small data center.

[0015] Furthermore, the determination of the operating mode and the execution of the operating control strategy is a continuous dynamic closed-loop process; the cluster control manager continuously receives real-time data uploaded by the data acquisition device at a set period and analyzes it through the data processing device to dynamically determine the precise mode in which the system is currently, and generates refined control instructions that match the mode, so as to achieve seamless and smooth switching and power supply reliability assurance under different operating scenarios and fault conditions.

[0016] Furthermore, the first and second bidirectional power converters are in a controllable conduction state during normal system operation, used for power mutual assistance and voltage support; when the overall system detects serious faults such as short circuit faults or abnormal bus voltage, the cluster control manager can issue instructions to quickly disconnect the corresponding bidirectional power converters to achieve fault isolation, prevent the fault from expanding, and ensure the operational safety of non-faulty areas, especially the power supply circuit of the data center.

[0017] Furthermore, when generating coordinated control commands, the method needs to comprehensively consider the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit. Based on the global power allocation by executing the preset operation control strategy, the cluster control manager performs secondary optimization allocation of the charging and discharging power of each unit within the same type of energy storage unit by combining the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit, and evaluates the reliability weight of different operating paths, so as to extend the overall energy storage life of the whole system and improve the operating economy of the building cluster microgrid while ensuring the core power supply objective.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Effectively ensure continuous power supply to critical loads of data centers: This invention significantly improves the reliability of data center power supply by constructing a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building cluster DC microgrid interconnection architecture and setting a power supply guarantee operation mode for data centers. When the system is operating normally, distributed energy storage is prioritized for charging and discharging based on the surplus or shortage of power generation, with centralized energy storage as a supplement, thus achieving optimized allocation of energy storage resources. When a fault such as bus power failure is detected, the system automatically enters the power supply guarantee mode, prioritizing the use of photovoltaic and distributed energy storage in each subsystem to power the data center, and can call upon centralized energy storage when necessary, thereby providing multi-level and progressive power support for critical loads of the data center.

[0019] (2) Achieving rapid and seamless power switching and system reconfiguration in case of failure: This invention constructs a highly reliable power supply network by configuring bidirectional power converters between the cluster DC bus I and II, and between the 375V DC bus 1 and 2 inside the data center, and in conjunction with dual power switching cabinets and low-voltage side circuit breaker logic. When the cluster bus I or II loses power, causing the corresponding DC bus to lose voltage, the dual power switching cabinet can quickly switch to the normal bus and maintain power supply through the corresponding low-voltage side circuit breaker. The server row cabinets are simultaneously protected by different UPS power supplies, realizing rapid reconfiguration and seamless switching of the power supply path in case of failure, minimizing power interruption to the data center load.

[0020] (3) Optimizing system operation economy and equipment utilization efficiency: This invention optimizes economic operation while ensuring power supply reliability through a hierarchical operation control strategy. In both surplus and deficit power generation modes, the sequential calling of distributed and centralized energy storage reduces the frequent high-power operation of centralized energy storage, mitigates the impact of collective switching of distributed energy storage, and helps delay the performance degradation of various energy storage devices. At the same time, the interconnected architecture realizes mutual assistance and optimized scheduling of energy among building clusters, improves the overall renewable energy consumption rate and equipment utilization rate, and reduces the system's total life cycle operating cost.

[0021] (4) Enhanced system dynamic response capability and operational stability: This invention is based on a hierarchical collaborative control system composed of data acquisition equipment, data processing equipment, and cluster control manager. It can perceive the system's operating status and data center load demand in real time and quickly generate and issue coordinated control commands. This control system can respond promptly to various scenarios such as photovoltaic power output fluctuations, load changes, and grid faults. Through rapid coordination and control of distributed resources within the interconnected microgrid, it effectively maintains the stability of the DC bus voltage, improves the overall dynamic response speed and autonomous adjustment capability of the system, and ensures power quality.

[0022] (5) Flexible architectural adaptability and scalability: The operation control method and system architecture proposed in this invention have good universality. Its core control logic does not depend on specific equipment models and capacities, and can be applied to photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building cluster interconnection scenarios of different scales and configurations. The defined power supply guarantee mode, power switching logic and energy storage coordination strategy are clear and explicit, providing a standardized control framework for the system to cope with various faults and operating conditions. In the future, this architecture can be easily expanded to connect emergency power sources such as diesel generators, and provides a foundation for integrating more diversified distributed energy and loads, with broad prospects for promotion and application.

[0023] In summary, this invention establishes a collaborative control mechanism prioritizing continuous power supply to data centers by coordinating the operational status of photovoltaic, centralized energy storage, and distributed energy storage within interconnected building complexes. This ensures the safety and reliability of power supply to data center loads under different operating scenarios while fully utilizing distributed renewable energy sources. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Fig. 1 This is the system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Fig. 2 This is a flowchart of the power supply protection control operation of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Please see Figs. 1-2 This invention provides a data center power supply assurance and operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection. The method is applied to a building cluster DC microgrid formed by multiple building subsystems equipped with photovoltaic power generation units, distributed energy storage units, and DC loads connected through a DC interconnection network. The building cluster DC microgrid is connected to the DC power supply bus of a small data center through at least two independent power supply links. The method uses a cluster control manager to coordinate and schedule centralized energy storage, distributed energy storage, and photovoltaic power generation units within the building cluster, thereby achieving high reliability assurance of data center power supply and optimization of overall system energy efficiency under normal system operation, power fluctuation, and fault conditions. The system includes a main system comprising a building cluster DC microgrid formed by multiple building subsystems equipped with photovoltaic power generation units, distributed energy storage units, and DC loads connected via a DC interconnection network, a centralized energy storage unit, and a small data center. The system adjusts the operating modes of each building subsystem, centralized energy storage system, and small data center by monitoring data within the main system. The building cluster DC microgrid is connected to the DC power supply bus of the small data center via at least two independent power supply links. The method is as follows: Real-time monitoring is conducted using data acquisition equipment to assess the overall power generation of the building complex's DC microgrid, the load power of each building subsystem, the load demand power of the small data center, and the status parameters of centralized and distributed energy storage units. Data processing equipment analyzes the data monitored in step 1 to determine the current operating mode of the overall system. Based on the determined operating mode, the cluster control manager executes the corresponding preset operating control strategy, issuing coordinated control commands to each energy storage unit and power electronic conversion device to manage power flow and ensure the continuity of power supply to the data center.

[0028] The building complex DC microgrid includes a cluster DC bus section I and a cluster DC bus section II, which are connected by a first bidirectional power converter. The small data center is equipped with 375V DC bus 1 and 375V DC bus 2, which are connected by a second bidirectional power converter; the cluster DC bus I section is connected to the 375V DC bus 1 through a first power supply link, and the cluster DC bus II section is connected to the 375V DC bus 2 through a second power supply link. The overall system also includes a power supply cabinet for powering small data center servers and an uninterruptible power supply system; the cluster control manager is communicatively connected to the data acquisition equipment, data processing equipment and each controlled unit, and is used to execute the control method described in claim 1.

[0029] The operating modes include at least the power generation surplus mode and power generation shortage mode when the overall system is running normally, as well as the power supply guarantee mode and off-grid operation mode when the overall system fails; the power generation surplus mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is greater than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center; the power generation shortage mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is less than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center. Let the total power generation of the system be Total load demand is Define power difference for: ; The power supply guarantee mode refers to the mode triggered when a main power supply path of a small data center fails due to a fault; the off-grid operation mode refers to the mode when the DC microgrid of the building complex is disconnected from the upper-level power grid and a serious fault occurs within the interconnection network.

[0030] When the overall system is determined to be in a power generation surplus mode, the operation control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes issuing surplus power commands to the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem for charging until all distributed energy storage units reach full charge or the charging limit is set; after all distributed energy storage units are saturated or cannot fully absorb the surplus power, the remaining surplus power is then dispatched to the centralized energy storage units for charging; during this process, the voltage of the power supply bus of the small data center is kept stable. When the total system power generation exceeds the load demand, and the system is in a state of power generation surplus, that is... Priority is given to charging the distributed energy storage units of each building subsystem and small data unit. Only after the distributed energy storage units are fully charged will the centralized energy storage unit be charged. Let the total charging power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The charging power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The time interval is Charging priority control follows the formula below: First, the charging power allocation for the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If there is still surplus power after charging, that is Then the charging power allocation of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: ; When the overall system is determined to be in a power shortage mode, the operation control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes calling the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem to discharge in order to make up for the power shortage in the system, until each distributed energy storage unit reaches the discharge limit or cannot provide the required power; after the discharge capacity of the distributed energy storage units is exhausted, the centralized energy storage units will discharge to make up for the remaining power shortage; during the control process, the voltage of the power supply bus of the small data center must be maintained within the allowable range. When the total system power generation is less than the load demand, and the system is in a state of underpowerment, that is... The system prioritizes discharging distributed energy storage units to compensate for power shortages. If the discharge from distributed energy storage units is still insufficient, the centralized energy storage units will supplement the discharge. Let the total discharge power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is The discharge power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is Discharge priority control follows the formula below: First, the discharge power allocation of the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If a power deficit still exists after discharge, that is Then the discharge power distribution of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: ; When the overall system is determined to have triggered the power supply guarantee mode, the specific operational control strategies executed include: if the 375V DC bus 1 loses its power supply capability due to the power failure of the cluster DC bus section I, the dual power switching cabinet inside the small data center is controlled to switch to power supply from the 375V DC bus 2, and the power supply is maintained through the corresponding low-voltage side circuit breaker. At the same time, the server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by an uninterruptible power supply system. In this mode, the cluster control manager reschedules the photovoltaic power generation units and distributed energy storage units in the remaining normal parts of the building complex to prioritize power supply to the small data center load, and calls on the centralized energy storage unit to supply power when necessary. If the fault occurs in the cluster DC bus section II, symmetrical switching and control logic is executed. Assume the power requirement of a small data center load is The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is The total discharge power of the distributed energy storage unit is (Positive during discharge, negative during charging); In power supply protection mode, the following conditions must be met first: ; If this condition is not met, that is Then, the centralized energy storage unit is used for power supply, and its discharge power is assumed to be... , so that: ; When a serious fault occurs that forces a small data center to operate independently from the DC microgrid, it can be connected to a diesel generator for emergency power supply via a specific interface. Define fault variables: Let The fault is a power outage of section I of the DC bus in the cluster (Boolean variable, true indicates fault). For a power outage fault in section II of the cluster DC bus (Boolean variable, true indicates a fault); the power switching logic is as follows: When the DC bus section I of the cluster loses power, causing the 375V DC bus 1 powered by it to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The control unit switches the dual power supply switch cabinet of the small data center to the 375V DC bus 2 powered by the DC bus section II of the cluster, and supplies normal power to the load by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF2 and QF4. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 at the same time. When the power supply to section II of the cluster DC bus fails, causing the 375V DC bus 2 to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The dual power supply switching cabinet switches to 375V DC bus 1 and supplies power to the load normally by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF1 and QF3. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 simultaneously.

[0031] If a double fault occurs, that is and If this is the case, the diesel generator connection logic will be triggered to ensure emergency power supply. The cluster control manager dynamically executes the aforementioned charging / discharging priority control and power switching logic based on the optimization and protection instructions issued by the data processing equipment, combined with real-time operating status and fault information; and defines a real-time operating status vector: ; Control output vector: ; The control method is implemented through the following mapping: ; in This refers to the control algorithm executed collaboratively by the data processing equipment and the cluster control manager, which effectively coordinates the charging and discharging behavior of centralized and distributed energy storage, and ensures the continuity and reliability of power supply to small data centers.

[0032] When the main system is determined to enter off-grid operation mode, the cluster control manager divides the building cluster DC microgrid into several islands that can operate independently. The island containing the critical power supply path for the small data center is set as the highest priority. In this mode, by controlling devices such as the first and second bidirectional power converters to disconnect faulty or non-critical sections, and activating preset specific emergency interfaces to connect emergency power sources such as diesel generators, emergency power is provided to the critical island containing the small data center, ensuring the continuous operation of the core load of the small data center.

[0033] The determination of the operating mode and the execution of the operating control strategy is a continuous dynamic closed-loop process. The cluster control manager continuously receives real-time data uploaded by the data acquisition device at a set period and analyzes it through the data processing device. It dynamically determines the precise mode that the system is in at the current moment and generates refined control instructions that match the mode, so as to achieve seamless and smooth switching and power supply reliability assurance under different operating scenarios and fault conditions.

[0034] The first and second bidirectional power converters are in a controllable conduction state during normal system operation, used for power mutual assistance and voltage support. When the main system detects serious faults such as short circuit faults or abnormal bus voltage, the cluster control manager can issue instructions to quickly disconnect the corresponding bidirectional power converters to achieve fault isolation, prevent the fault from spreading, and ensure the operational safety of non-faulty areas, especially the power supply circuit of the data center.

[0035] When generating coordinated control commands, the method needs to comprehensively consider the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit. Based on the global power allocation by executing the preset operation control strategy, the cluster control manager performs secondary optimization allocation of the charging and discharging power of each unit within the same type of energy storage unit by combining the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit, and evaluates the reliability weight of different operating paths, so as to extend the overall energy storage life of the whole system and improve the operation economy of the building cluster microgrid while ensuring the core power supply objective.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment: 1. Power supply guarantee and operation control system architecture for small data centers based on the interconnection of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building complexes with DC microgrids A power supply guarantee and operation control system for a small data center based on the interconnection of photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible building clusters with DC microgrids includes data acquisition equipment, data processing equipment, a cluster control manager, and a cluster DC bus connection control device, such as... Fig. 1 As shown.

[0037] The data acquisition equipment is used to collect real-time operational data from interconnected sub-systems (photovoltaic, energy storage, direct current, and flexible power supply), status data from distributed energy storage systems, status data from centralized energy storage systems, and electrical status data from critical power supply circuits in the data center. The collected data includes, but is not limited to, building load data for each subsystem, distributed photovoltaic power generation data, charge / discharge status and remaining capacity data of distributed energy storage systems, charge / discharge status, remaining capacity, and health status data of centralized energy storage systems, as well as voltage, current, status of low-voltage side circuit breakers QF1, QF2, QF3, and QF4, status of dual-power switching cabinets, and operating status data of UPS1 and UPS2 for the data center's 37kV DC bus 1 and 375V DC bus 2. This data is collected by the data acquisition equipment and uploaded to the data processing equipment, providing a basis for the system's overall energy management, energy storage collaborative control, and data center power supply assurance decisions.

[0038] In this system, each sub-system (PV-Storage-DC-Flexible) is interconnected with a common cluster DC bus via a bidirectional power converter with flexible control capabilities. This cluster DC bus consists of interconnected sections I and II. The centralized energy storage system is also connected to this cluster DC bus, serving as a common energy buffer for the entire microgrid. Sections I and II of the cluster DC bus are connected via a bidirectional power converter. The data center has two independent 375V DC buses, namely 375V DC bus 1 and 375V DC bus 2, which are also connected via a bidirectional power converter. This converter can be disconnected when necessary to ensure safe system operation. The cluster control manager connects and exchanges information with the local controllers of each subsystem, the distributed energy storage management system, the centralized energy storage management system, and the data center power management system via a communication network.

[0039] The control unit within the data acquisition equipment includes a processing unit, such as a microprocessor or programmable logic controller, that connects to various sensors and metering instruments. This processing unit is responsible for receiving and initially processing data from each acquisition point and transmitting it to the data processing equipment and the cluster control manager.

[0040] The cluster control manager receives optimization instructions from data processing devices and real-time data from data acquisition devices. Based on preset collaborative optimization and power supply guarantee strategies, it generates and sends coordinated control instructions to power conversion devices, distributed energy storage units, centralized energy storage systems, and data center-related power switching devices in each subsystem to achieve flexible power mutual assistance, optimized allocation, and high-reliability power supply for the data center.

[0041] 2. Data processing equipment and its control device The data processing equipment receives and integrates real-time operational data from all interconnected sub-systems (photovoltaic-storage-direct current-flexible systems, distributed energy storage systems, centralized energy storage systems, and data center power supply systems) from the data acquisition equipment. This data forms the basis for system-level energy management, developing energy storage collaborative scheduling strategies, achieving flexible interconnection control between subsystems, and assessing data center power supply risks. The data processing equipment includes, but is not limited to, servers, network devices, and databases.

[0042] Through its internal computing resources and algorithms, the data processing equipment performs comprehensive analysis, optimization calculations, status assessments, and fault warnings on the collected data. Based on this, it generates and outputs centralized optimization instructions and power supply guarantee plan instructions for the cluster control manager. These instructions include expected values ​​for power exchange in each subsystem, charging and discharging plans for distributed and centralized energy storage systems, and switching logic for data center power routing, thus providing the cluster control manager with a decision-making basis for executing collaborative operation control and power supply guarantee control strategies.

[0043] 3. Power Supply Guarantee and Operation Control Methods for Cluster Systems like Fig. 2 As shown, when a power supply circuit in the cluster system or data center fails, such as a bus power outage, the cluster control manager activates the data center power supply backup mode based on instructions issued by the data processing equipment or preset logic. In this mode, the photovoltaic power generation units and distributed energy storage systems of the interconnected sub-photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible systems prioritize powering the data center load. Let the data center load power demand be... The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is The total discharge power of the distributed energy storage system is (Positive during discharge, negative during charging). In power supply assurance mode, the following conditions must be met first: ; If this condition is not met, that is Then the centralized energy storage system is used for power supply, and its discharge power is assumed to be... , so that: ; When a serious fault occurs that forces the data center to operate independently from the DC microgrid, an emergency power supply is provided by connecting a diesel generator through a specific interface.

[0044] The core of this invention lies in the power supply guarantee operation control method that is jointly executed by the data processing device and the cluster control manager. This method defines the normal operation state and the fault power supply guarantee state of the microgrid, and uses an intelligent switching control strategy based on the state.

[0045] Under normal system operation, the method includes two core collaborative control modes. Let the total system power generation be... Total load demand is Define power difference for: ; When the system's power generation exceeds the load demand, and it is in a state of power generation surplus, that is... The system prioritizes charging the distributed energy storage units of each subsystem. Only after the distributed energy storage units are fully charged does it begin charging the centralized energy storage system. Let the total charging power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The charging power of the centralized energy storage system is Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The time interval is Charging priority control follows the formula below: First, the charging power allocation for the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If there is still surplus power after charging, that is The charging power allocation of the centralized energy storage system is as follows: ; When the system's power generation is less than the load demand, and it is in a state of underpowerment, that is... The system prioritizes discharging distributed energy storage units to compensate for power shortages. If the discharge from distributed energy storage is still insufficient, the centralized energy storage system will supplement the discharge. Let the total discharge power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is The discharge power of the centralized energy storage system is Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is Discharge priority control follows the formula below: First, the discharge power allocation of the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ; If a power deficit still exists after discharge, that is The discharge power distribution of the centralized energy storage system is as follows: ; Under power supply assurance conditions, the method performs specific control for specific faults. Define fault variables: Let... The fault is a power outage of section I of the DC bus in the cluster (Boolean variable, true indicates fault). This is a power outage fault on section II of the cluster's DC bus (Boolean variable, true indicates a fault). The power switching logic is as follows: When the DC bus section I of the cluster loses power, causing the 375V DC bus 1 powered by it to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The control system switches the dual power supply switching cabinet of the control data center to the 375V DC bus 2 powered by the DC bus section II of the cluster, and provides normal power supply to the load by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF2 and QF4. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 simultaneously.

[0046] When the power supply to section II of the cluster DC bus fails, causing the 375V DC bus 2 to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The dual power supply switching cabinet switches to 375V DC bus 1 and supplies power to the load normally by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF1 and QF3. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 simultaneously.

[0047] If a double fault occurs, that is and If this is triggered, the diesel generator connection logic will be activated to ensure emergency power supply.

[0048] The cluster control manager dynamically executes the aforementioned charging / discharging priority control and power switching logic based on the optimization and protection instructions issued by the data processing equipment, combined with real-time operating status and fault information. A real-time operating status vector is defined as follows: ; Control output vector: ; The control method is implemented through the following mapping: ; in This refers to the control algorithm executed collaboratively by the data processing equipment and the cluster control manager to effectively coordinate the charging and discharging behavior of centralized and distributed energy storage, and to ensure the continuity and reliability of power supply to the data center.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of this application. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A data center power supply assurance operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection, characterized in that, The system includes a main system comprising a building cluster DC microgrid formed by multiple building subsystems equipped with photovoltaic power generation units, distributed energy storage units, and DC loads connected by a DC interconnection network, a centralized energy storage unit, and a small data center; the building cluster DC microgrid is connected to the DC power supply bus of the small data center through at least two independent power supply links. The method is as follows: Real-time monitoring is conducted using data acquisition equipment to assess the overall power generation of the building complex's DC microgrid, the load power of each building subsystem, the load demand power of the small data center, and the status parameters of centralized and distributed energy storage units. Data processing equipment analyzes the data monitored in step 1 to determine the current operating mode of the overall system. Based on the determined operating mode, the cluster control manager executes the corresponding preset operating control strategy, issuing coordinated control commands to each energy storage unit and power electronic conversion device to manage power flow and ensure the continuity of power supply to the data center.

2. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building complex DC microgrid includes a cluster DC bus section I and a cluster DC bus section II, which are connected by a first bidirectional power converter. The small data center is equipped with 375V DC bus 1 and 375V DC bus 2, which are connected by a second bidirectional power converter; the cluster DC bus I section is connected to the 375V DC bus 1 through a first power supply link, and the cluster DC bus II section is connected to the 375V DC bus 2 through a second power supply link. The overall system also includes a power supply cabinet for small data center servers and an uninterruptible power supply system; the cluster control manager is communicatively connected to the data acquisition equipment, data processing equipment and each controlled unit.

3. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating modes include at least the power generation surplus mode and power generation shortage mode when the overall system is running normally, as well as the power supply guarantee mode and off-grid operation mode when the overall system fails; the power generation surplus mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is greater than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center; the power generation shortage mode refers to the state in which the instantaneous value of the total photovoltaic power generation in the building complex is less than the sum of the total load of the building complex and the load demand of the small data center. Let the total power generation of the system be Total load demand is Define power difference for: ； The power supply guarantee mode refers to the mode triggered when a main power supply path of a small data center fails due to a fault; the off-grid operation mode refers to the mode when the DC microgrid of the building complex is disconnected from the upper-level power grid and a serious fault occurs within the interconnection network.

4. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the overall system is determined to be in a power generation surplus mode, the operation control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes issuing surplus power commands to the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem for charging until all distributed energy storage units reach full charge or the charging limit is set; after all distributed energy storage units are saturated or cannot fully absorb the surplus power, the remaining surplus power is then dispatched to the centralized energy storage units for charging; during this process, the voltage of the power supply bus of the small data center is kept stable. When the total system power generation exceeds the load demand, and the system is in a state of power generation surplus, that is... Priority is given to charging the distributed energy storage units of each building subsystem and small data unit. Only after the distributed energy storage units are fully charged will the centralized energy storage unit be charged. Let the total charging power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is ; The charging power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum charging power is The current energy state is Maximum energy capacity is The time interval is Charging priority control follows the formula below: First, the charging power allocation for the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ； If there is still surplus power after charging, that is Then the charging power allocation of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: 。 5. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the overall system is determined to be in a power shortage mode, the operation control strategy is as follows: the cluster control manager prioritizes calling the distributed energy storage units in each building subsystem to discharge in order to make up for the power shortage in the system, until each distributed energy storage unit reaches the discharge limit or cannot provide the required power; after the discharge capacity of the distributed energy storage units is exhausted, the centralized energy storage units will discharge to make up for the remaining power shortage; during the control process, the voltage of the power supply bus of the small data center must be maintained within the allowable range. When the total system power generation is less than the load demand, and the system is in a state of underpowerment, that is... The system prioritizes discharging distributed energy storage units to compensate for power shortages. If the discharge from distributed energy storage units is still insufficient, the centralized energy storage units will supplement the discharge. Let the total discharge power of the distributed energy storage units be... Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is The discharge power of the centralized energy storage unit is Its maximum discharge power is The minimum permissible energy state is Discharge priority control follows the formula below: First, the discharge power allocation of the distributed energy storage units is as follows: ； If a power deficit still exists after discharge, that is Then the discharge power distribution of the centralized energy storage unit is as follows: 。 6. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the overall system is determined to have triggered the power supply guarantee mode, the specific operational control strategies executed include: if the 375V DC bus 1 loses its power supply capability due to the power failure of the cluster DC bus section I, the dual power switching cabinet inside the small data center is controlled to switch to power supply from the 375V DC bus 2, and the power supply is maintained through the corresponding low-voltage side circuit breaker. At the same time, the server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by an uninterruptible power supply system. In this mode, the cluster control manager reschedules the photovoltaic power generation units and distributed energy storage units in the remaining normal parts of the building complex to prioritize power supply to the small data center load, and calls on the centralized energy storage unit to supply power when necessary. If the fault occurs in the cluster DC bus section II, symmetrical switching and control logic is executed. Assume the power requirement of a small data center load is The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is The total discharge power of the distributed energy storage unit is Under the power supply guarantee mode, the following conditions must be met first: ； If this condition is not met, that is Then, the centralized energy storage unit is used for power supply, and its discharge power is assumed to be... , so that: ； When a serious fault occurs that forces a small data center to operate independently from the DC microgrid, it can be connected to a diesel generator for emergency power supply via a specific interface. Define fault variables: Let The fault is a power outage on section I of the cluster's DC bus. The fault is a power outage on section II of the cluster's DC bus; the power switching logic is as follows: When the DC bus section I of the cluster loses power, causing the 375V DC bus 1 powered by it to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The control unit switches the dual power supply switch cabinet of the small data center to the 375V DC bus 2 powered by the DC bus section II of the cluster, and supplies normal power to the load by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF2 and QF4. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 at the same time. When the power supply to section II of the cluster DC bus fails, causing the 375V DC bus 2 to lose its power supply capability, that is... and The dual power supply switching cabinet switches to 375V DC bus 1 and supplies power to the load normally by closing the low-voltage side circuit breakers QF1 and QF3. The server main and backup rack cabinets are powered by UPS1 and UPS2 at the same time. If a double fault occurs, that is and If this is the case, the diesel generator connection logic will be triggered to ensure emergency power supply. The cluster control manager dynamically executes the aforementioned charging / discharging priority control and power switching logic based on the optimization and protection instructions issued by the data processing equipment, combined with real-time operating status and fault information; and defines a real-time operating status vector: ； Control output vector: ； The control method is implemented through the following mapping: ； in This refers to the control algorithm executed collaboratively by the data processing equipment and the cluster control manager, which effectively coordinates the charging and discharging behavior of centralized and distributed energy storage, and ensures the continuity and reliability of power supply to small data centers.

7. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the main system is determined to enter off-grid operation mode, the cluster control manager divides the building cluster DC microgrid into several islands that can operate independently. The island containing the critical power supply path for the small data center is set as the highest priority. In this mode, by controlling devices such as the first and second bidirectional power converters to disconnect faulty or non-critical sections, and activating preset specific emergency interfaces to connect emergency power sources such as diesel generators, emergency power is provided to the critical island containing the small data center, ensuring the continuous operation of the core load of the small data center.

8. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the operating mode and the execution of the operating control strategy is a continuous dynamic closed-loop process. The cluster control manager continuously receives real-time data uploaded by the data acquisition device at a set period and analyzes it through the data processing device. It dynamically determines the precise mode that the system is in at the current moment and generates refined control instructions that match the mode, so as to achieve seamless and smooth switching and power supply reliability assurance under different operating scenarios and fault conditions.

9. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 2 or 7, characterized in that, The first and second bidirectional power converters are in a controllable conduction state during normal system operation, used for power mutual assistance and voltage support. When the main system detects serious faults such as short circuit faults or abnormal bus voltage, the cluster control manager can issue instructions to quickly disconnect the corresponding bidirectional power converters to achieve fault isolation, prevent the fault from spreading, and ensure the operational safety of non-faulty areas, especially the power supply circuit of the data center.

10. The data center power supply guarantee operation control method based on photovoltaic-storage microgrid interconnection according to claim 1, characterized in that, When generating coordinated control commands, the method needs to comprehensively consider the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit. Based on the global power allocation by executing the preset operation control strategy, the cluster control manager performs secondary optimization allocation of the charging and discharging power of each unit within the same type of energy storage unit by combining the real-time state of charge, health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and tolerable power limits of each energy storage unit, and evaluates the reliability weight of different operating paths, so as to extend the overall energy storage life of the whole system and improve the operation economy of the building cluster microgrid while ensuring the core power supply objective.

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