Curable composition

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate functional prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyurethane polyol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount greater than 50 wt% to 88 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. Also disclosed are methods for treating a substrate with any of the compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are substrates comprising a coating formed from any of the compositions disclosed herein on a surface of the substrate, and optionally a dielectric coating on the surface of the substrate. Also disclosed herein are systems and kits comprising a dielectric coating composition and any of the coating compositions disclosed herein.

Description

[0001] Government Contract

[0002] This disclosure is made with government support under a government contract awarded by GVSC with contract number NCMS FY2020 Ambient Temperature Adhesive Contract Number 2021007-142040. The U.S. government may enjoy certain rights in this disclosure.

[0003] Cross-reference to related applications

[0004] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 600,720, filed November 19, 2023, entitled “Cureable Composition”, which is incorporated herein in its entirety. Technical Field

[0005] This disclosure relates to curable compositions. Background Technology

[0006] Coating compositions, including sealants and adhesives, are used in a variety of applications to treat a variety of substrates or to bond two or more substrate materials together. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure relates to compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyurethane polyol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler comprising an amount greater than 50% by weight to 88% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

[0008] This document also discloses a method for treating a substrate, the method comprising bringing the surface of the substrate into contact with any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0009] This document also discloses a substrate having a coating on its surface formed from any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0010] This document also discloses a battery comprising a battery cell having a coating on its surface formed of any of the compositions disclosed herein, and optionally including a battery assembly.

[0011] This document also discloses a battery comprising a battery cell having a coating on its surface formed of any of the compositions disclosed herein, and optionally including a battery assembly.

[0012] This article also discloses a vehicle that includes any of the batteries disclosed herein. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a top view of a cylindrical battery cell.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of an array of pouch cell units.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an isometric view of a cylindrical battery cell located within a battery module.

[0017] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an exploded perspective view of a battery pack that includes multiple battery cells.

[0018] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of isometric views of (A) battery cell, (B) battery module and (C) battery pack.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack's perspective view.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cell-to-battery pack configuration.

[0021] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of an equidistant cross-section of the unit to the chassis battery assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0022] For the purposes of this detailed description, it should be understood that alternative variations and sequences of steps may be taken in this disclosure, except where expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, except in any operational instance, or where otherwise indicated, all figures used in the specification and claims to express, for example, quantities of ingredients should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about.” Therefore, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties to be obtained in this disclosure. At least, and not in an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalence to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be interpreted at least according to the number of significant figures reported and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0023] Although the numerical ranges and parameters described in this disclosure are approximate, the numerical values ​​presented in specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently contains some error that is necessarily caused by the standard deviation present in its corresponding test measurement results.

[0024] Furthermore, all numerical ranges described herein are intended to include all subranges described herein. For example, the range “1 to 10” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the stated minimum value of 1 and the stated maximum value of 10, that is, a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.

[0025] As used herein, the terms “including,” “containing,” and similar terms are understood in the context of this application to be synonymous with “comprising,” and are therefore open-ended and do not exclude the presence of additional undescribed or unstated elements, materials, components, or method steps. As used herein, “consisting of” is understood in the context of this application to exclude the presence of any unspecified elements, components, or method steps. As used herein, “generally consisting of” is understood in the context of this application to include the specified elements, materials, components, or method steps “as well as elements, materials, components, or method steps that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the described content.” As used herein, open-ended terms include closed-ended terms such as “generally consisting of” and “consisting of.”

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise specifically stated, the use of the singular includes the plural, and the plural encompasses the singular. For example, although this document refers to "a" isocyanate and "a" polyol, a combination of these components (i.e., multiple of these components) may be used.

[0027] In addition, in this application, unless otherwise expressly stated, the use of “or” means “and / or”, even if “and / or” can be explicitly used in certain situations.

[0028] As used herein, the terms “on,” “to,” “applied to,” “formed on,” “deposited on,” “deposited onto,” “injected on,” and “injected onto” mean to form, cover, deposit, or be disposed on a substrate surface, but not necessarily in contact with the substrate surface. For example, a composition “applied to” a substrate surface does not exclude the presence of one or more other intermediate coatings or films of the same or different compositions located between the composition and the substrate surface.

[0029] As used herein, "composition" or "coating composition" refers to a solution, mixture, or dispersion capable of forming a coating on the surface of a substrate. As used herein, "coating" includes films, layers, etc.

[0030] As used herein, “sealant composition” refers to a curable composition that forms a sealant when cured.

[0031] As used in this article, “sealing” refers to a cured coating that has the ability to resist atmospheric conditions such as temperature and humidity gradients, as well as particulate matter such as moisture and temperature, and to prevent the transport of materials such as particles, water, fuel, and other liquids and gases.

[0032] As used herein, “adhesive composition” means a curable composition that forms an adhesive or structural adhesive when cured.

[0033] As used in this article, "adhesive" refers to a cured coating that produces a load-bearing joint.

[0034] As used herein, “structural adhesive” refers to a cured coating that produces a load-bearing joint with an lap shear strength of at least 5 MPa, measured in tensile mode using an Instron 5567 machine at a pull rate of 1.3 mm / min, according to ASTM D1002-10.

[0035] As used herein, "gap filler composition" refers to a curable composition that forms a gap filler upon curing.

[0036] As used in this article, the term "gap filler" refers to a coating that fills gaps.

[0037] As used herein, “potting compound composition” refers to a curable composition that forms a potting compound when cured.

[0038] As used in this article, the term "potting compound" refers to an encapsulating agent.

[0039] As used herein, "prepreg" refers to a composition in which reinforcing fibers are prepreged before curing.

[0040] As used herein, “liquid gasket composition” refers to a curable composition that forms a liquid gasket when cured.

[0041] As used in this article, "liquid gasket" refers to a coating that eliminates gaps between substrate surfaces.

[0042] As further defined herein, environmental conditions generally refer to room temperature (e.g., 23°C) and humidity conditions or temperature and humidity conditions typically found in the area where the composition is applied to the substrate, such as at 10°C to 40°C and 5% to 80% relative humidity, while microthermal conditions are temperatures slightly above ambient temperature but generally below the curing temperature of the composition (i.e., in other words, at temperatures and humidity conditions below which its reactive components would readily react and cure, such as >40°C and less than 220°C, at 20% to 80% relative humidity).

[0043] As used herein, the terms "two-component" or "2K" refer to compositions in which, when mixed, the reactive components readily associate to form interactions or react to form bonds (physical or chemical), i.e., cure without activation from an external energy source, such as under ambient or microthermal conditions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the two components of the composition are stored separately and mixed just before application. Two-component compositions may optionally be heated or baked, as described below.

[0044] As used herein, the terms “cure,” “cured,” and “curing” mean that the components forming the composition crosslink (i.e., interact and / or react) to form a coating or bond. In the case of 2K compositions, the composition begins to cure when the components are mixed, causing the reactive functional groups of the components to react.

[0045] When used in conjunction with a coating composition, the term "curable" means that the composition is capable of curing under ambient and / or microthermal conditions.

[0046] As used herein, “dielectric” means a coating or composition having a dielectric strength of at least 50 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second descent).

[0047] As used in this article, "Mn" is the exponentially average molecular weight, for example, the theoretical value determined by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module and a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) with polystyrene standards, using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the flow rate at 1 mL / min. -1 The eluent was used and separation was performed using two PL gel-mixed C1 columns.

[0048] As used herein, “isocyanate equivalent weight” or “NCO equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of the isocyanate-containing component divided by the molar equivalent of the isocyanate functional groups. This value can be determined based on the isocyanate content measured according to ASTM D2572-19.

[0049] As used herein, “active hydrogen” refers to hydrogen that can be replaced when a nitrogen-containing, oxygen-containing, and / or sulfur-containing functional group reacts as a nucleophile with a suitable electrophile, and can be determined, for example, by the Zelevitinov test. Examples of active hydrogen groups include amines, hydroxyl groups, and thiols.

[0050] As used herein, "active hydrogen equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the active hydrogen-containing component divided by the molar equivalent of the active hydrogen functional groups. The active hydrogen equivalent weight can be determined based on the amine equivalent weight and the hydroxyl equivalent weight. "Amine equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the amine-containing component divided by the molar equivalent of the amine functional groups, which can be determined according to ASTM D6979-03. "Hydroxy equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing component divided by the molar equivalent of the hydroxyl functional groups, which can be determined, for example, according to ASTM D4247-23.

[0051] As used in this article, when referring to a compound, "aromatic" means that the compound contains at least one aromatic ring.

[0052] As used herein, a “promoter” is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction or lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction compared to the same reaction in the absence of a promoter. A promoter can be a “catalyst,” which does not undergo any permanent chemical change itself; or it can be reactive, which is capable of undergoing a chemical reaction and includes any level of reaction from partial to complete reaction of the reactants.

[0053] As used herein, the terms "thermally conductive filler" or "TC filler" refer to fillers with a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / m at 25°C. thermal conductivity of K (according to ASTM) Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders (measured by D7984).

[0054] As used herein, the terms "non-thermal conductive filler" or "NTC filler" refer to fillers with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W / m at 25°C. thermal conductivity of K (according to ASTM) Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders (measured by D7984).

[0055] As used herein, the terms "electrically insulating filler" or "EI filler" refer to fillers with a dielectric strength of at least 1 Ω. Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders with a volume resistivity of m (measured according to ASTM D257).

[0056] As used herein, the terms "conductive filler" or "EC filler" refer to fillers with a conductivity of less than 1 Ω. Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders with a volume resistivity of m (measured according to ASTM D257).

[0057] As used herein, the term "thermal stability" means, under air conditions according to ASTM standards. When E1131 is tested using the TGA test, the total weight loss of pigments, fillers, or powders occurring before 600°C does not exceed 5% of the total weight of the pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders.

[0058] As used herein, the term "thermally unstable" means, according to ASTM, when exposed to air... When E1131 is tested using the TGA test, the total weight loss of pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders occurring before 600°C exceeds 5%.

[0059] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, "substantially free" means that the specific material has not been intentionally added to the mixture or composition, and that the specific material is present only as a trace impurity of less than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition. As used herein, unless otherwise stated, "largely free" means that the specific material has not been intentionally added to the mixture or composition, and that the specific material is present only as a trace impurity of less than 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, "completely free" means that the mixture or composition does not contain the specific material, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition; that is, the mixture or composition contains 0% by weight of such material.

[0060] This document discloses a composition comprising, or substantially comprising, or consisting of: a first component comprising, or substantially comprising, an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer; a second component comprising, or substantially comprising, an polyurethane polyol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler comprising, in an amount greater than 50% by weight to 88% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

[0061] Isocyanate functional prepolymers

[0062] The first component may comprise or consist substantially of isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers. The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may include reaction products comprising a polyol and a polyisocyanate. As used herein, "isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer" refers to the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and a polyol. The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer has one or more free isocyanate functional groups (NCO). The free isocyanate functional groups may be terminal and / or side-mounted. Combinations of isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may be used. The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer may be preformed or in-situ formed.

[0063] Suitable polyols for forming isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers include diols, triols, tetraols, and higher-functionality polyols. Combinations of such polyols can also be used. Polyols may include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, butanediol, pentylene glycol, hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, phenylenediol, 4,4'-isopropylidene dicyclohexanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, bis(trimethylolpropane) or bis(pentaerythritol). Suitable polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and / or polysiloxane polyols. Polyamines corresponding to the polyols may also be used, and in this case, urea bonds will be formed with the isocyanate.

[0064] Polyols may include polycaprolactone-based polyols. Polycaprolactone-based polyols may include diols capped with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polycaprolactone-based polyols include those marketed under the trade name Capa™ from the Perstorp Group, such as, for example, Capa 2054, Capa 2077A, Capa 2085, Capa 2205, Capa 3031, Capa 3050, Capa 3091, and Capa 4101.

[0065] Polyols may include polyether polyols. Polyols may be based on polyether chains derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, and mixtures thereof. Polyols may include tetrahydrofuran-based polyols. Polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols may include diols, triols, or tetraols terminated with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Terathane® from Invista, such as Terathane® PTMEG 250, Terathane® PTMEG 650, and Terathane® PTMEG 1000, which are blends of linear diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by repeating tetramethylene ether groups. Alternatively, dimerized diol-based polyols available from Cognis Corporation under the trade names Pripol®, Solvermol™, and Empol®, or bio-based polyols such as the tetrafunctional polyol Agrol 4.0 available from BioBased Technologies, can be used.

[0066] Polyols may include any combination of polyols disclosed herein.

[0067] In this example, the polyol used to prepare the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer may have a Mn of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 90 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as the flow rate at 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C-columns were used for separation, and the Mn concentration could not exceed 5,000 g / mol, such as not exceeding 2,000 g / mol. This Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C14 columns were used for separation. The polyol could have Mn ranging from 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0068] Suitable polyisocyanates for forming isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers can be polymeric, i.e., containing two or more isocyanate functional groups. For example, polyisocyanates can contain C1 to C2 groups. 20 Linear, cyclic, aliphatic and / or aromatic polyisocyanates or mixtures thereof.

[0069] Aliphatic polyisocyanates may include (i) alkylene isocyanates, such as: trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; pentamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate and 2-methyl-1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate (“HDI”), such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof. Compounds; heptamethylene diisocyanates, such as 1,7-heptamethylene diisocyanate; propylene diisocyanates, such as 1,2-propylene diisocyanate; butene diisocyanates, such as 1,2-butene diisocyanate, 2,3-butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butene diisocyanate and 1,4-butene diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate; decamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate; butylene diisocyanate; and hexamethylene diisocyanate (“HDI”). Aliphatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) cycloalkyl isocyanates, such as: cyclopentane diisocyanates, such as 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate; cyclohexane diisocyanates, such as 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,2-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (“IPDI”), IPDI trimer (commercially available from Desmodur® Z 4470 SN); methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (“HMDI”); polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (“MDI”); and mixed aralkyl diisocyanates, such as tetramethylxylyl diisocyanate, such as m-tetramethylxylyl diisocyanate (commercially available from Allnex SA from TMXDI®).

[0070] Aromatic polyisocyanates may include (i) arylene isocyanates, such as: phenylene diisocyanates, such as m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate and chlorophenylene 2,4-diisocyanate; naphthalene diisocyanates, such as 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate and 1,4-naphthalene diisocyanate. Aromatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) arylene alkyl isocyanates, such as: methylene-block aromatic diisocyanates, such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (“MDI”), and alkylated analogs, such as 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; toluene diisocyanate (“TDI”), such as 2,4-methylphenylene or 2,6-methylphenylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof, bitoluene diisocyanate; and 4,4-toluidine diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; o-anisidine diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; and other alkylated phenyl diisocyanates.

[0071] Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may include aliphatic isocyanates, such as cycloaliphatic isocyanates, and / or aromatic isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers.

[0072] Isocyanate-functional prepolymers may include difunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymers. As used herein, a “difunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer” refers to an isocyanate-functional prepolymer containing two isocyanate functional groups.

[0073] The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer may contain at least 50% by weight, such as at least 60% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight, such as at least 80% by weight, such as at least 90% by weight, such as 100% by weight, such as 60% to 90% by weight of diisocyanate-functionalized prepolymer.

[0074] Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may include monofunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers. As used herein, a "monofunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer" refers to an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer containing one isocyanate functional group. As used herein, a "polyfunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer" refers to an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer containing two or more isocyanate functional groups.

[0075] Based on the total weight of the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers, the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may comprise monofunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers in amounts of 50% or less, such as 40% or less, such as 30% or less, such as 20% or less, such as 10% or less, such as 10% to 40% by weight.

[0076] The composition may be substantially free of, substantially free of, or completely free of monofunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers.

[0077] The commercially available isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers that can be used in this disclosure include the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers available under the trade name Desmodur® from Covestro AG, the prepolymers available under the trade name Adiprene® from Lanxess, and the prepolymers available under the trade name Lupronat® from BASF.

[0078] The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer may include at least 500 g / mol of Mn, such as at least 750 g / mol, which is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as the flow rate at 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C1 columns were used for separation. The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer may include no more than 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as no more than 2,500 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C1 columns were used for separation. The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may contain 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0079] Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may contain at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq, of NCO equivalent weight. Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may contain no more than 2,500 g / eq, such as no more than 1,250 g / eq, of NCO equivalent weight. Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may contain between 250 g / eq and 2,500 g / eq, such as between 300 g / eq and 1,250 g / eq, of NCO equivalent weight.

[0080] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 10% by weight, such as at least 12% by weight, such as at least 15% by weight, such as at least 20% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 48% by weight, such as no more than 40% by weight, such as no more than 35% by weight, such as no more than 30% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 10% by weight to 48% by weight, such as 12% by weight to 40% by weight, such as 15% by weight to 35% by weight, such as 20% by weight to 30% by weight.

[0081] Polyurethane polyols

[0082] The second component may include polyurethane polyols, be substantially composed of polyurethane polyols, or consist of polyurethane polyols. The polyurethane polyol may include a polyurethane backbone and at least one hydroxyl functional group. The hydroxyl functional group may be terminal and / or side-mounted. The polyurethane polyol may include aromatic polyurethane polyols.

[0083] Polyurethane polyols may include difunctional polyurethane polyols. Based on the total weight of the polyurethane polyols, the polyurethane polyols may contain at least 50% by weight, such as at least 60% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight, such as at least 80% by weight, such as at least 90% by weight, such as 100% by weight, such as 60% by weight to 90% by weight. As used herein, "difunctional polyurethane polyol" means a polyurethane polyol comprising two hydroxyl functional groups.

[0084] Polyurethane polyols may further include monofunctional and / or polyfunctional polyurethane polyols. As used herein, a “monofunctional polyurethane polyol” refers to a polyurethane polyol comprising one hydroxyl functional group. As used herein, a “polyfunctional polyurethane polyol” refers to a polyurethane polyol comprising more than two hydroxyl functional groups.

[0085] Based on the total weight of the polyurethane polyols, the polyurethane polyols may contain monofunctional and / or polyfunctional polyurethane polyols in amounts such as 50% by weight or less, such as 40% by weight or less, such as 30% by weight or less, such as 20% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight or less, or such as 10% by weight to 40% by weight. Alternatively, the composition may be substantially free of, substantially free of, or completely free of monofunctional and / or polyfunctional polyurethane polyols.

[0086] Suitable polyurethane polyols that can be used in this disclosure include polyurethane polyols comprising the reaction product of any of the isocyanate functional compounds and polyols described above, or any combination thereof.

[0087] The polyurethane polyol may include at least 1,000 g / mol of Mn, such as at least 1,500 g / mol, such as at least 2,000 g / mol, which is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as the flow rate at 1 ml / min. -1The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C-columns were used for separation. The polyurethane polyols may include no more than 6,000 g / mol of Mn, such as no more than 5,500 g / mol, such as no more than 5,000 g / mol, such as no more than 4,000 g / mol, such as no more than 3,500 g / mol, such as no more than 3,000 g / mol. This Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C-columns were used for separation. The polyurethane polyols may contain 1,000 g / mol to 6,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 1,500 g / mol to 5,500 g / mol, such as 2,000 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 1,000 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol, such as 1,500 g / mol to 3,500 g / mol, such as 2,000 g / mol to 3,000 g / mol. The Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0088] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain polyurethane polyol in an amount of at least 1% by weight, such as at least 3% by weight, such as at least 4% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain polyurethane polyol in an amount of no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 15% by weight, such as no more than 12% by weight, such as no more than 10% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain polyurethane polyol in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, such as 3% to 15% by weight, such as 4% to 12% by weight, such as 5% to 10% by weight.

[0089] Aromatic diamines

[0090] The composition may contain an aromatic diamine. As used herein, an "aromatic diamine" refers to a compound comprising an aromatic ring and two amine functional groups bonded to that aromatic ring. The aromatic diamine may be present in a second component, a third component, or a higher component. As used herein with respect to components, references to "first," "second," "third," etc., are for convenience only and do not indicate the order in which they are added to the composition. Furthermore, this language is not intended to be limiting and does not preclude the possibility that the composition may contain more than three components.

[0091] Aromatic diamines can be sterically hindered aromatic diamines. As used herein, "sterically hindered aromatic diamine" refers to an aromatic diamine containing a substituent, typically a C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or C1-C4 alkylthio group, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, or isobutoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, or isobutylthio, wherein the substituent is located at at least one ortho position relative to each amino group. Asterically hindered aromatic diamines can also refer to aromatic diamines in which the amine nitrogen further comprises a substituent (such as an alkyl substituent). Aromatic diamines can be liquids.

[0092] Suitable aromatic diamines that may be used in this disclosure include phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4-diaminotrimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate, methylenebis(o-aminobenzoate), and trimethylenediol di- p -Aminobenzoate, dimethylthiotoluenediamine (available with Ethacure 300), diethyltoluenediamine (available with Ethacure 100), 4,4'-bis( Zhong Butylamino)diphenylmethane (which can be obtained from Ethacure 420) or a combination thereof.

[0093] Aromatic diamines may include at least 100 g / mol of Mn, such as at least 125 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as the flow rate at 1 ml / min. -1The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C14 columns were used for separation. Aromatic diamines may include no more than 750 g / mol of Mn, such as no more than 500 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C14 columns were used for separation. Aromatic diamines can contain 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol Mn, such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0094] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain an aromatic diamine in an amount of at least 1% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain an aromatic diamine in an amount of no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 10% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain an aromatic diamine in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, such as 5% to 10% by weight.

[0095] filler

[0096] The composition may contain filler in an amount greater than 50% to 88% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The filler may contain thermally conductive filler. The filler may contain thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler (referred to herein as "TC / EI filler" and described in more detail below).

[0097] Optionally, any filler in the packing may include a surface coating. The surface coating may comprise silanes, aminosilanes, polysiloxanes, and / or multidentate polymers.

[0098] The filler may have an average particle size of at least 0.01 µm, such as at least 2 µm, or such as at least 10 µm in one dimension, as reported by the manufacturer, and may have an average particle size of no more than 500 µm, such as no more than 400 µm, such as no more than 300 µm, or such as no more than 100 µm in at least one dimension, as reported by the manufacturer. The filler may have an average particle size of 0.01 µm to 500 µm, such as 0.1 µm to 400 µm, such as 2 µm to 300 µm, or such as 10 µm to 100 µm in one dimension, as reported by the manufacturer. The particle size can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), such as a Quanta 250 FEG SEM or an equivalent instrument. For example, the powder may be dispersed on a carbon ribbon fragment attached to an aluminum rod and coated with Au / Pd for 20 seconds. The sample can then be analyzed in SEM under high vacuum (accelerating voltage 10 kV and spot size 3.0) to measure 30 particles from different regions to provide the average particle size for each sample. The particle size can be reported by the manufacturer. Those skilled in the art will recognize that variations in the fundamental elements that preserve microscopic imaging and average representative size can exist in this procedure.

[0099] Thermally conductive fillers may include particles and their agglomerates, each of which has, for example, a plate-like, spherical, or needle-like shape. As used herein, “plate-like” refers to a two-dimensional material having a substantially flat surface and a thickness in one direction of less than 25% of its maximum dimension.

[0100] Thermally conductive fillers (including TC / EI fillers) can have at least 5 W / m at 25°C. K (measured according to ASTM D7984-21), such as at least 18 W / m K, such as at least 55 W / m The thermal conductivity of K is such that it can reach no more than 3,000 W / m at 25°C. K, such as not exceeding 1,400 W / m K, such as not exceeding 450 W / m The thermal conductivity of K. Thermally conductive fillers can achieve 5 W / m at 25°C. K up to 3,000 W / m K (measured according to ASTM D7984), such as 18 W / m K up to 1,400 W / m K, such as 55 W / m K up to 450 W / m Thermal conductivity of K.

[0101] Thermally conductive fillers may include thermally stable fillers and / or thermally unstable fillers. That is, a portion of the TC / EI filler may be thermally stable and / or thermally unstable.

[0102] Suitable thermally stable TC / EI fillers include boron nitride, silicon nitride or aluminum nitride, arsenides such as boron arsenide, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide or tin oxide, carbides such as silicon carbide, minerals such as agate and corundum, ceramics such as ceramic microspheres, and diamond. These thermally stable TC / EI fillers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0103] Suitable thermally unstable TC / EI filler materials contain metal hydroxides, such as aluminum trihydrate, aluminum hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide. These fillers can also be surface-modified, such as Hymod® M9400 SF, available from JM Huber Corporation. These thermally unstable TC / EI fillers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0104] The filler can be electrically insulating. Electrically insulating fillers can have a strength of at least 10 Ω. The volume resistivity (measured according to ASTM D257-07) is, for example, at least 100 Ω. m.

[0105] Suitable TC / EI fillers include boron nitride (e.g., commercially available as CarboTherm from Saint-Gorbain, CoolFlow and PolarTherm from Momentive, and hexagonal boron nitride powder from Panadyne), silicon nitride or aluminum nitride (e.g., commercially available as aluminum nitride powder from Micron Metals Inc. and as available as Toyalnite from Toyal); metal oxides such as gibbsite, boehmite, and alumina (e.g., available as Microgrit from Micro Abrasives Inc.). Abrasives, such as those available from Nabaltec (Nabalox), Evonik (Aeroxide), and Imerys (Alodur); magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, or tin oxide; metal hydroxides, such as aluminum trihydrate, aluminum hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide; arsenides, such as boron arsenide; carbides, such as silicon carbide; minerals, such as agate and corundum; ceramics, such as ceramic microspheres (e.g., available from Zeeospheres Ceramics or 3M); silicon carbide; and diamond. These fillers can also be surface-modified, such as PYROKISUMA 5301K available from Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. These thermally conductive fillers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0106] The filler may further comprise glass microspheres, such as hollow borosilicate glass. Non-limiting examples of commercially available glass microspheres include 3M glass bubble types VS, K series, and S series, available from 3M.

[0107] The filler may be present in the first component, the second component, the third component and / or higher components.

[0108] The composition may contain filler in an amount greater than 50% by weight, such as at least 55% by weight, such as at least 65% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may contain filler in an amount not exceeding 88% by weight, such as not exceeding 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may contain filler in an amount greater than 50% to 88% by weight, such as 55% to 88% by weight, such as 55% to 80% by weight, such as 65% to 88% by weight, such as 65% to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0109] The filler may include thermally conductive fillers. As used herein, “thermally conductive filler” or “TC filler” refers to a pigment, filler, or inorganic powder having a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / mK at 25°C (measured according to ASTM D7984-21). The filler may include electrically insulating fillers. As used herein, “electrically insulating filler” or “EI filler” means having a thermal conductivity of at least 10 Ω. Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders with a volume resistivity (measured according to ASTM D25707) of m. The filler may comprise thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler materials (referred to herein as "TC / EI filler materials," and described in more detail below), or be substantially composed of thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler materials.

[0110] Non-thermal conductive filler

[0111] The filler may comprise a non-thermally conductive filler. That is, the compositions disclosed herein may also comprise a non-thermally conductive, electrically insulating filler (referred to herein as "NTC / EI" filler). The NTC / EI filler may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or the third component. The NTC / EI filler may comprise organic or inorganic materials and may comprise particles of a single type of filler material, or particles of two or more types of NTC / EI fillers. In other words, the composition may comprise a first NTC / EI filler, and in addition to the first NTC / EI filler, may further comprise at least a second (i.e., second, third, fourth, etc.) NTC / EI filler.

[0112] NTC / EI fillers may include any of the surface coatings and may have the particle size described above for thermally conductive fillers. NTC / EI fillers may comprise particles and their agglomerates, each of which has, for example, a plate-like, spherical, or needle-like shape, as described above for thermally conductive fillers.

[0113] Non-thermal conductive fillers can have a temperature of less than 5 at 25°C. W / m K, such as not exceeding 3 W / m K, such as not exceeding W / m K, such as not exceeding 0.1 W / m K, such as not exceeding 0.05 W / m K, such as 0.02 W / m at 25℃ K up to 25℃ 5 W / m thermal conductivity of K (according to ASTM) (Measured by D7984). Thermal conductivity can be measured as described above.

[0114] Non-thermally conductive fillers can be electrically insulating. Electrically insulating fillers can have a strength of at least 1 Ω. The volume resistivity (measured according to ASTM D257) is, for example, at least 10 Ω. m, such as at least 100 Ω m.

[0115] Suitable NTC / EI fillers include, but are not limited to: mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass microspheres, clay, silica, or combinations thereof.

[0116] As used herein, the term "mica" generally refers to a flaky silicate (layered silicate) mineral. Mica can include muscovite. Muscovite is a layered silicate mineral containing aluminum and potassium, with the chemical formula KAl2(AlSi3O3). 10 (F,OH)2 or (KF)2(Al2O3)3(SiO2)6(H2O). Exemplary, non-limiting, commercially available muscovite includes products sold under the trade name DakotaPURE™ from Pacer Minerals, such as DakotaPURE™ 700, DakotaPURE™ 1500, DakotaPURE™ 2400, DakotaPURE™ 3000, DakotaPURE™ 3500, and DakotaPURE™ 4000. Wollastonite comprises calcium silicate minerals (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, titanium, and / or potassium. Wollastonite may have a thickness of 1.5 to 2.1 m. 2 BET surface area per g, such as 1.8 m² 2 / g, and the median particle size can be 6 micrometers to 10 micrometers, such as 8 micrometers. Non-limiting examples of commercially available wollastonite include NYAD 400, which is available from NYCO Minerals, Inc.

[0117] Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can include precipitated calcium carbonate or heavy calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate may or may not undergo surface treatment, such as treatment with stearic acid. Non-limiting examples of commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate include Ultra-Pflex®, Albafil®, and Albacar HO® available from Specialty Minerals, and Winnofil® SPT available from Solvay. Non-limiting examples of commercially available heavy calcium carbonate include Duramite available from IMERYS. TM And Marblewhite®, available from Specialty Minerals.

[0118] Useful clay minerals include nonionic plate-like fillers such as talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, vermiculite, or combinations thereof.

[0119] Glass microspheres can be hollow borosilicate glass. Non-limiting examples of commercially available glass microspheres include 3M glass bubble types VS, K series, and S series, available from 3M.

[0120] As discussed above, NTC / EI fillers may be present in the first component, second component, and / or third component or higher components. The compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.5% by weight, such as at least 1% by weight, or such as at least 1.5% by weight, of NTC / EI fillers based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions disclosed herein may contain no more than 30% by weight, such as no more than 20% by weight, or such as no more than 10% by weight, of NTC / EI fillers based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions disclosed herein may contain up to 30% by weight, such as from 0.5% to 30% by weight, such as from 1% to 20% by weight, or such as from 1.5% to 10% by weight, of NTC / EI fillers based on the total weight of the composition.

[0121] Accelerator

[0122] The disclosed compositions may optionally contain an accelerator. The accelerator may contain a nitrogen-based catalyst, such as an amine catalyst. The accelerator may contain a tertiary amine, N - Heterocyclic carbene or amidine / guanidine. Suitable promoters that can be used in this disclosure include N, N -Dimethylcyclohexylamine, N , N -Dimethylethanolamine, N 2,2'-Dimorpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, triethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N , N , N '-Trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N , N , N' , N' -Tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,3,5-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-hexahydro-triazine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, N -(3-aminopropyl)imidazolium, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene or 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene.

[0123] In some cases, the accelerator can be an organic acid, such as diphenyl phosphate, methanesulfonic acid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

[0124] Accelerators can be inorganic, such as organometallic complexes. Suitable inorganic accelerators include titanates (such as tetrabutyl titanate or tetrapropyl titanate), tin compounds (such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, stannous octoate, or dibutyltin oxide), or other metal compounds (such as bismuth, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, or iron), or their chelates (such as zirconium acetylacetonate or iron acetylacetonate).

[0125] The accelerator may be present in the composition at least 0.001% by weight, such as at least 0.01% by weight, and at most 2% by weight, such as at most 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The accelerator may be present in the composition at an amount from 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight, such as from 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may contain the accelerator in a positive amount of up to 2% by weight, such as up to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. As used herein, when referring to the amount of a component, "positive amount" means that the component is present in an amount greater than 0 to the upper limit stated.

[0126] Second polyol

[0127] The composition may further comprise a second polyol, which is different from the polyurethane polyol. The second polyol may be present in the second component, the third component, or a higher-order component.

[0128] The composition may contain a second polyol in an amount of up to 10% by weight, such as not exceeding 7.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may contain a second polyol in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may contain a second polyol in an amount of 0.5% to 10% by weight, such as 0.5% to 7.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0129] The second polyol may include at least 60 g / mol of Mn, such as at least 90 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as the flow rate at 1 ml / min. -1The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C1 columns were used for separation. The second polyol may include no more than 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as no more than 2,000 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gel-mixed C14 columns were used for separation. The second polyol could contain 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, which was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0130] additive

[0131] The composition may optionally include additives. Additives may be present in the first component, second component, and / or third or higher components. As used herein, “additive” refers to rheology modifiers including thixotropic adhesives, tackifiers, thermoplastic polymers, surfactants, dispersants, flame retardants, corrosion inhibitors, UV stabilizers, colorants, dyes, solvents, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, antioxidants, silanes, stabilizers, oils, dehumidifiers, and / or foaming agents. For example, certain thermally conductive materials (such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) may also be flame retardants. As used herein, “flame retardant” refers to a material that slows or prevents the spread of fire or reduces its intensity. Flame retardants may be available in powder form, which may be mixed with the composition, foam, or gel. In examples, when the compositions disclosed herein contain flame retardants, such compositions may form a coating on a substrate surface, and such coating may act as a flame retardant. Flame retardants may include: minerals, organic compounds, organohalogen compounds, organophosphorus compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0132] The additive (if present) may be present in the composition in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, such as at least 0.5% by weight, such as at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The filler (if present) may be present in the composition in an amount of no more than 5% by weight, such as no more than 4% by weight, such as no more than 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. If present, the composition may contain the additive in an amount of 0.1% to 5% by weight, such as 0.5% to 4% by weight, such as 1% to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0133] Composition

[0134] The composition may contain at least 500 g / eq, such as at least 750 g / eq, based on the total weight of all isocyanate-containing components. The composition may contain no more than 5,000 g / eq, such as no more than 3,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of all isocyanate-containing components. The composition may contain from 500 g / eq to 5,000 g / eq, such as from 750 g / eq to 3,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of all isocyanate-based components.

[0135] The composition may contain at least 500 g / eq, such as at least 750 g / eq, of active hydrogen equivalent weight, based on the total weight of all amine-containing and polyol-containing components. The composition may contain no more than 6,000 g / eq, such as no more than 4,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of all amine-containing and polyol-containing components. The composition may contain between 500 g / eq and 6,000 g / eq, such as between 750 g / eq and 4,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of all amine-containing and polyol-containing components.

[0136] The composition may include an NCO:OH ratio of at least 0.7:1, such as at least 0.9:1. The composition may include an NCO:OH ratio of no more than 1.7:1, such as no more than 1.5:1. The composition may include an NCO:OH ratio of 0.7:1 to 1.7:1, such as 0.9:1 to 1.5:1.

[0137] The ratio of active hydrogen from aromatic amines to active hydrogen from polyurethane polyols in the composition may be at least 1:10, such as at least 1:5. The ratio of active hydrogen from aromatic amines to active hydrogen from polyurethane polyols in the composition may not exceed 10:1, such as not exceeding 5:1. The ratio of active hydrogen from aromatic amines to active hydrogen from polyurethane polyols in the composition may be from 1:10 to 10:1, such as from 1:5 to 5:1.

[0138] The compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into coating compositions, such as adhesive compositions including structural adhesive compositions, potting compositions, prepregs, liquid gasket compositions, sealant compositions, or gap filler compositions.

[0139] method

[0140] The above compositions can be applied alone or as part of a system that can be deposited onto multiple different substrates in a variety of different ways. Therefore, methods for treating substrates are disclosed herein, comprising or substantially comprising: contacting the surface of the substrate with any of the compositions disclosed herein. Optionally, the method may include mixing a first component and a second component to form a composition. The compositions can be applied to the surface of the substrate in any number of different ways, non-limiting examples of which include brushes, rollers, films, pellets, putty knives, scrapers, dippers, spray guns, and applicator guns for forming coatings on the surface of the substrate.

[0141] After application to a substrate, the composition can be cured. For example, the composition can be allowed to cure at room temperature or under mild heat for any desired period of time (e.g., 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient for the composition to cure on the substrate. Optionally, after contacting the substrate surface with the composition, the composition can be further cured by heating at elevated temperatures, such as below 90°C, below 80°C, below 70°C, below 60°C but above ambient temperature, above 40°C, or above 50°C, for any desired period of time (e.g., 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient for the composition to cure on the substrate. After curing, the composition can form a coating on the substrate surface. This coating can be, for example, an adhesive such as a structural adhesive, potting compound, prepreg, liquid gasket, sealant, or gap filler.

[0142] The method may optionally further include contacting the surface of the second substrate with the composition such that the composition is positioned between the first and second substrates. For example, the composition may be applied to one or both substrate materials bonded together to form an adhesive bond therebetween, and the substrates may be aligned, with pressure and / or spacers added to control the bond thickness. The composition may be applied to clean or unclean (i.e., including oily or coated) substrate surfaces.

[0143] The compositions disclosed herein can also be applied to substrates that have been pretreated, coated with an electrodepositable coating, and / or coated with additional coatings such as a primer, undercoat, or topcoat. That is, "surface in contact with substrate" encompasses surfaces that have been treated with other coatings as described herein.

[0144] The system may include multiple identical or different coatings. Coatings are typically formed when a composition deposited on a substrate surface is cured by methods known to those skilled in the art (e.g., under ambient conditions).

[0145] As described above, the compositions of this disclosure can also form a coating on a substrate or substrate surface. The coating composition can be applied to a substrate surface that includes (as a non-limiting example) a vehicle body, automobile frame, or aircraft component. The coating composition can be applied to clean or unclean (i.e., oily or greased) substrate surfaces. Once the coating composition is applied to a substrate or a substrate coated with the coating composition, it can be dried or cured under ambient conditions and can optionally be subsequently baked in an oven to cure the coating composition.

[0146] The composition may be injected or otherwise placed in a die-casting machine or mold and dried or cured under ambient conditions or by exposure to an external energy source, such as by heating to temperatures below 180°C, such as below 130°C, such as below 90°C, to form a part or component and optionally may be machined into a particular configuration.

[0147] 3D printing

[0148] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied or deposited using any suitable method, including those described above. Alternatively, the compositions can be cast, extruded, molded, or machined to form parts or components in a cured state.

[0149] The compositions disclosed herein can be used in any suitable additive manufacturing technique, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, extrusion, jetting, and binder jetting. Additive manufacturing refers to the process of producing parts or components by building them layer by layer (such as one layer at a time).

[0150] This disclosure also relates to the use of additive manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing, to produce structural articles, such as acoustic damping liners, printed gaskets, or sealants as non-limiting examples. 3D printing refers to a computerized process, optionally including artificial intelligence modulation, in which material is printed or deposited in successive layers to produce 3D parts or components, such as acoustic damping liners in a battery assembly as a non-limiting example. 3D parts or components can be produced by depositing successive portions or layers on a base of any spatial configuration, and then depositing additional portions or layers on and / or adjacent to the previously deposited portions or layers to produce 3D-printed parts or components.

[0151] It should be understood that the configuration of the 3D printing process (including the selection of suitable deposition equipment) depends on a variety of factors, such as deposition volume, viscosity of the composition, and complexity of the part being manufactured. Any suitable mixing, delivery, and 3D printing equipment known to those skilled in the art can be used. The composition can be printed or deposited in droplets or extrusions of any size and / or shape and in any pattern to produce 3D structures.

[0152] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied or deposited using any suitable 3D printing method known to those skilled in the art. The first and second components of the 2K composition can be mixed and then deposited, or the first and second components can be deposited separately, such as simultaneously and / or sequentially.

[0153] The first and second components can be premixed, i.e., mixed together, and then deposited before application. The mixture may react or become thermosetting during material deposition; the deposition reaction mixture may react after deposition and may also react with previously deposited portions of the article and / or subsequently deposited portions, such as the underlying layer or overlay of the article.

[0154] In a non-limiting example, the first component and two other components may be released from their respective storage containers and propelled (e.g., pumped) through conduits (e.g., hoses) to a mixer (e.g., a static or dynamic mixer), where the composition may be mixed for a time sufficient to homogenize it, and the composition may then be released through an outlet. The outlet may be a deposition device (e.g., a printhead), and / or the material may exit the mixing unit and be propelled (e.g., by pump) through conduits (e.g., hoses) to the printhead. The printhead may optionally be mounted on a 3D rotary robotic arm to allow the 3D printing composition to be delivered to any pedestal in any spatial configuration, and / or the pedestal may be manipulated in any spatial configuration during the 3D printing process.

[0155] Alternatively, the first and second components can be deposited independently of different printheads. The first component can be deposited from one printhead and the second component can be deposited from a second printhead. The first and second components can be deposited in any pattern, such that the first and second components, including any deposited layers, can react together and with the underlying and / or upper layers to produce 3D printed parts or components.

[0156] The method provided in this disclosure includes printing a composition onto a manufactured part. The method provided in this disclosure also includes directly printing the part.

[0157] Using the methods provided in this disclosure, components can be manufactured. The entire component can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more portions of the component can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more distinct portions of the component can be formed using the compositions disclosed herein, and / or one or more surfaces of the component can be formed from the compositions provided in this disclosure. Additionally, internal regions of the component can be formed from the compositions provided in this disclosure.

[0158] Dielectric coatings and dielectric systems and kits

[0159] In addition to coatings formed from any of the above compositions, any substrate disclosed herein may also contain a dielectric coating. The substrate may contain a dielectric coating on a first substrate surface and a second coating formed from any of the above compositions on a second substrate surface. The second coating may be an adhesive, such as a structural adhesive, sealant, gap filler, potting compound, prepreg, or liquid gasket.

[0160] This document also discloses a coating system. The coating system may comprise: a dielectric coating composition; and any coating composition. In the cured state, the dielectric coating composition can form a dielectric coating. In the cured state, the coating composition can form a coating, such as an adhesive, such as a structural adhesive, sealant, gap filler, potting compound, prepreg, or liquid gasket.

[0161] This document also discloses coating kits. A coating kit may comprise: a dielectric coating composition; and any of the disclosed coating compositions. Optionally, the kit may include instructions for applying the dielectric composition to a first substrate surface and applying the coating composition to a second substrate surface.

[0162] As used herein with respect to dielectric coatings and thermally expandable coatings, and systems and kits comprising compositions for forming thereof, the first substrate surface and the second substrate surface may be located on a single substrate, or may be located on the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively.

[0163] The dielectric coating composition and the thermally expandable coating composition can form continuous or discontinuous coatings, provided that these coatings overlap to form a coating stack, for example, a thermally expandable coating formed by the thermally expandable coating composition is situated on top of a dielectric coating formed by the dielectric coating composition. Such a coating stack does not preclude the possibility of coatings other than the dielectric coating and the second coating, wherein such additional coatings may or may not be situated between the dielectric coating and the second coating. Optionally, the coating stack may be formed between two substrates.

[0164] This document also discloses an article comprising, substantially comprising, or consisting of: a dielectric coating on a first portion of a substrate surface, a coating in contact with the dielectric coating (such as an adhesive, structural adhesive, sealant, gap filler, potting compound, prepreg, or liquid gasket, the coating being formed from any composition disclosed herein), and a second substrate comprising a surface adjacent to the coating.

[0165] As described in more detail below, the dielectric coating can be deposited from a powder dielectric coating composition or a liquid dielectric coating composition, such as, for example, a UV dielectric coating composition or an electrodepositable dielectric coating composition.

[0166] Additional coatings may exist between the surface, the dielectric coating, and / or the coating.

[0167] The dielectric coating may include a dielectric strength of at least 50 kV / mm, such as at least 60 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second fall). The dielectric coating may include a dielectric strength not exceeding 120 kV / mm, such as not exceeding 100 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second fall). The dielectric coating may include dielectric strengths from 50 kV / mm to 120 kV / mm, such as 60 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm, which are measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second descent).

[0168] The dielectric coating may include at least 0.3 W / K. m, such as at least 0.35 W / K The thermal conductivity m, measured according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method) using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring apparatus (model LW-9389). The dielectric coating may include no more than 0.5 W / K. m, such as not exceeding 0.45 W / K The thermal conductivity m, measured according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method) using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring apparatus (model LW-9389). The dielectric coating may include 0.3 W / K. m to 0.5 W / K m, such as 0.35 W / K m to 0.45 W / K The thermal conductivity m, which is measured using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring device (model LW-9389) according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method).

[0169] The dielectric coating may include a dielectric breakdown strength of at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm, such as at least 20 kV / mm, such as at least 25 kV / mm, such as at least 30 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second descent).

[0170] The dielectric coating can be applied at any desired dry film thickness. For example, the dry film thickness can be at least 50 micrometers, such as at least 75 micrometers, such as at least 100 micrometers. For example, the dry film thickness can be no more than 300 micrometers, such as no more than 250 micrometers, such as no more than 200 micrometers. The dry film thickness can be from 50 micrometers to 300 micrometers, such as 75 micrometers to 250 micrometers, such as 100 micrometers to 200 micrometers, such as 100 micrometers to 220 micrometers. It should be understood that when multiple dielectric coating compositions are applied, each composition can be applied to individually provide any of the previously described dry film thicknesses. For example, when two separate dielectric coating compositions are applied, each separate dielectric coating composition can be applied at any of the previously described dry film thicknesses.

[0171] The adhesive may contain at least 0.7 W / K m, such as at least 0.8 W / K m, such as at least 0.9 W / K m, such as at least 1.0 W / K m, such as at least 1.5 W / K The thermal conductivity m, measured according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method) using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring apparatus (model LW-9389). The coating may contain no more than 2.5 W / K. m, such as not exceeding 2.0 W / K The thermal conductivity m, measured according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method) using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring apparatus (model LW-9389). The coating may contain 0.7 W / K. m to 2.5 W / K m, such as 0.8 W / K m to 2.5 W / K m, such as 0.9 W / K m to 2.5 W / K m, such as 1.0 W / K m to 2.5 W / K m, such as 1.5 W / K m to 2.5 W / K m, such as 0.7 W / K m to 2.0 W / K m, such as 0.8 W / K m to 2.0 W / K m, such as 0.9 W / K m to 2.0 W / K m, such as 1.0W / K m to 2.0 W / K m, such as 1.5 W / K m to 2.0 W / K The thermal conductivity m, which is measured using a TIM thermal resistance and thermal conductivity measuring device (model LW-9389) according to ASTM D5470-17 (steady-state method).

[0172] The adhesive may have a dielectric breakdown strength of at least 6 kV / mm, such as at least 10 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second fall). The adhesive may also have a dielectric breakdown strength not exceeding 20 kV / mm, such as not exceeding 17 kV / mm, which is measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second fall). The adhesive may include dielectric breakdown strengths of 6 kV / mm to 20 kV / mm, such as 10 kV / mm to 17 kV / mm, which are measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second descent).

[0173] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied by any of the methods disclosed herein to form an adhesive.

[0174] Dielectric coating composition

[0175] As previously described, the dielectric coating can be formed from a dielectric coating composition. Any suitable dielectric coating composition known in the art can be used, such as a powder coating composition or a liquid coating composition, such as a UV-curable coating composition or an electrodepositable dielectric coating composition.

[0176] The dielectric coating composition may include a binder comprising a film-forming resin. As used herein, "film-forming resin" refers to one or more monomers, oligomers, prepolymers, and / or polymers, such as homopolymers and / or copolymers, that can form a coating upon reaction with a curing agent or crosslinking agent, upon solvent evaporation, and / or upon light or thermal activation. The dielectric coating composition may contain any suitable film-forming resin, including organic and / or inorganic film-forming resins, such as silicon-based film-forming resins. Examples of suitable film-forming resins include, but are not limited to: polyesters, alkyd resins, urethanes, isocyanates, polyureas, epoxy resins, acrylics, polyethers, polysulfides, polyamines, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polysiloxanes, amine-aldehydes, resin polyols, phosphorylated polyepoxides, phosphorylated acrylic polymers, amino plastics, or combinations thereof.

[0177] The dielectric coating composition may optionally include a curing agent and / or a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin to cure the dielectric coating composition. Any suitable curing agent and / or crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin may be used. Examples of suitable curing agents include, but are not limited to: amines; amino plastics; phenolic plastics; polyisocyanates, including terminal isocyanates; polyepoxides; β-hydroxyalkylamides; polybasic acids; organometallic acid functional materials; polyamines; polyamides; polysulfides; polythiols; polyolefins, such as polyacrylates; polyols; polysilanes; and combinations thereof.

[0178] The dielectric coating composition may optionally further comprise colorants, pigments, additives, flame retardants, and / or fillers. Suitable fillers that can be used in the dielectric coating composition include: thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler materials, thermally conductive and electrically conductive filler materials, and / or thermally insulating and electrically insulating filler materials.

[0179] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermosetting coating composition, wherein the coating composition cures upon crosslinking of a film-forming resin with a curing agent and / or a crosslinking agent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoplastic coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises a film-forming resin that cures upon evaporation of water and / or solvent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermosetting or thermoplastic coating composition that cures upon exposure to photochemical radiation, such as ultraviolet light.

[0180] As previously mentioned, dielectric coating compositions may comprise liquid coating compositions or powder coating compositions. As used herein, when referring to a dielectric coating composition, “liquid” means having a Pa value of less than 100,000 at 25°C. A material with a viscosity of s, such that when passed through a plate with a diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s... -1 The parallel plate rheology is used for measurement.

[0181] Suitable liquid coating compositions include, but are not limited to, electrodepositable coating compositions, single-component coating compositions, and / or multi-component coating compositions.

[0182] For example, a liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise an electrodepositable coating composition. The electrodepositable coating composition may comprise one or more film-forming resins containing cationic or anionic salt groups, which can be deposited onto a metal or other conductive substrate under the influence of an applied potential (i.e., by electrodeposition).

[0183] In other examples, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise a UV-curable coating composition comprising a film-forming resin capable of curing upon exposure to UV radiation. Any suitable UV-curable film-forming resin may be used, such as a radical polymerizable resin containing alkenyl unsaturation or alkene double bonds and / or a film-forming resin that can be reacted via a cationic photopolymerization mechanism. Examples of suitable UV-curable coating compositions that may be used include, but are not limited to, the RAYCRON series of UV-curable coatings commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.

[0184] Other suitable liquid dielectric coating compositions include, but are not limited to, solvent-based coating compositions from the SPECTRACRON series and water-based coating compositions from the AQUACRON series, all of which are commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc. Liquid dielectric coatings can also be applied as two-component compositions, wherein the film-forming resin and the reactive curing agent and / or crosslinking agent are mixed immediately prior to the application of the coating composition, and can optionally be cured under ambient conditions without any external energy source.

[0185] Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a powder coating composition. As used herein, “powder coating composition” means any dielectric coating composition in particulate form, in the form of a co-reactive solid, which may be substantially free of, substantially free of, or completely free of water and / or solvents. Suitable film-forming resins that may be used in dielectric powder coating compositions include those discussed in paragraphs

[0006] to

[0042] ,

[0057] to

[0068] ,

[0088] to

[0105] , and

[0128] to

[0139] of PCT Publication WO 2021 / 173941A1, which are incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable powder compositions that may be used in this disclosure include: polyester-based ENVIROCRON series powder coating compositions (commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.), silicone-modified polyester compositions, epoxy-polyester blends, and / or UV-curable powder compositions.

[0186] The dielectric coating composition can be applied to a substrate by any suitable method known in the art, including but not limited to electrodeposition, roll coating, spraying (such as electrostatic spraying), flow coating, spin coating, curtain coating, brush coating, dip coating, hot melt extrusion, application of self-supporting films, and / or by using a fluidized bed. Once applied to the substrate, the dielectric coating composition can be cured by any method known in the art, such as baking, induction heating, infrared heating, and / or exposure to photochemical radiation (such as UV).

[0187] Powder dielectric coating compositions can be applied using any standard method in the art, such as spraying, electrostatic spraying, fluidized bed processes, etc. Powder dielectric coating compositions can also be applied to a substrate in multiple coats (“multi-coat process”). For example, a first dielectric powder coating composition can be applied to at least one substrate surface. A second dielectric powder coating composition can be applied over the first dielectric powder coating composition. The first and second dielectric powder coating compositions can then be cured together simultaneously.

[0188] It should be understood that dielectric powder coating compositions can be cured using a variety of heat sources, such as both convection heating and infrared radiation. For example, a dielectric powder coating composition can be partially cured using convection heating or infrared radiation, and then fully cured using different heat sources selected from convection heating and infrared radiation.

[0189] In some instances, the dielectric powder coating composition can be cured by heat, such as by convection heating in the range of 120°C to 260°C, 160°C to 240°C, or 180°C to 200°C, for 1 minute to 40 minutes. The dielectric powder coating composition can also be cured by infrared radiation, wherein the peak metal temperature can be reached within approximately 10 seconds to 200°C to 260°C. The elevated heat gradient achieved through infrared radiation allows for rapid curing times. In some instances, the dielectric powder coating composition is cured by infrared radiation to heat the composition to the range of 140°C to 180°C for 1 to 20 minutes.

[0190] Substrate

[0191] The compositions described herein can be coated or deposited on any substrate or surface, or otherwise contacted with any substrate or surface, such as, but not limited to, metals or metal alloys, polymeric materials (such as plastics, including filled and unfilled thermoplastic or thermosetting materials), and / or composite materials. Other suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, glass or natural materials (such as wood). The substrate may include two or more of any different materials in any combination, such as, but not limited to, two different metals; or metals and metal alloys; or metals and metal alloys with one or more composite materials.

[0192] Suitable substrates may include, but are not limited to, flexible and rigid metallic substrates, such as ferrous metals, aluminum, aluminum alloys, magnesium, titanium, copper, and other metallic and alloy substrates. Ferrous metal substrates may include, for example, iron, steel, and their alloys. Non-limiting examples of available steel materials include: cold-rolled steel, nickel-plated cold-rolled steel, galvanized (zinc-coated) steel, electro-galvanized steel, stainless steel, pickled steel, zinc-iron alloys (such as GALVANNEAL), and combinations thereof. Aluminum alloys, such as, for example, aluminum alloys of the 1XXX, 2XXX, 3XXX, 4XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX, or 8XXX series, as well as clad aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, such as, for example, clad aluminum alloys of the A356, 1XX.X, 2XX.X, 3XX.X, 4XX.X, 5XX.X, 6XX.X, 7XX.X, or 8XX.X series, may also be used as substrates. The substrate may also include, for example, magnesium, such as magnesium alloys of the AZ31B, AZ91C, AM60B or EV31A series, titanium and / or titanium alloys, such as titanium alloys of grades 1-36, including H-grade variants, copper and copper alloys or other non-ferrous metals, and alloys of these materials. The substrate may include composite materials, such as plastics, glass fiber and / or carbon fiber composites.

[0193] It should also be understood that the substrate may include a bare substrate, or the substrate may be at least partially pretreated or pre-coated with one or more layers. Suitable pretreatment solutions may include, but are not limited to, zinc phosphate pretreatment solutions, such as those described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,793,867 and 5,588,989, or zirconium-containing pretreatment solutions, such as those described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,749,368 and 8,673,091, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0194] The substrate can be in any form, such as, but not limited to, sheets, foils, laminated foils, pads, prefabricated parts, assemblies, or articles. Compositions including the materials disclosed herein can be used to coat substrates, such as by depositing the composition, applying it to a substrate surface, or bringing the composition into contact with a substrate surface. Compositions in a at least partially cured state can be used in any form, such as, but not limited to, coatings, sealants, adhesives, potting or encapsulating agents (such as solids or gels), such as in-situ formed pads or discrete prefabricated or pre-formed pads.

[0195] In the example, the substrate may be a multi-metal article. As used herein, the term “multi-metal article” means (1) an article having at least one surface containing a first metal and at least one surface containing a second metal different from the first metal, (2) a first article having at least one surface containing a first metal and a second article having at least one surface containing a second metal different from the first metal, or (3) both (1) and (2).

[0196] The compositions disclosed herein are not limited and are particularly suitable for a wide range of industrial or transportation applications, including automotive, commercial, rail, marine, and / or aerospace applications. Suitable substrates used in this disclosure include substrates used in assemblies of vehicle bodies (e.g., but not limited to doors, body panels, trunk lids, top panels, hoods, top and / or longitudinal beams, rivets, landing gear assemblies, and / or skins used on aircraft), vehicle frames, vehicle components, motorcycles, wheels, and substrates used in industrial structures and components. As used herein, “vehicle” or variations thereof include, but are not limited to, civil vehicles, light and heavy commercial vehicles, civil and military aircraft and / or land vehicles, such as automobiles, motorcycles, and / or trucks.

[0197] Figures 1 to 9 Non-limiting examples of battery assembly components and constructions are shown, as well as non-limiting applications or uses of the compositions disclosed herein in said battery assemblies. Although Figures 1 to 9 Specific examples of cell shapes and cell arrangements are shown, but cells can be arranged in any configuration known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compositions disclosed herein, in a at least partially cured state, can be used to form gaskets, adhesives, coatings, potting compounds, etc., to provide thermal protection between battery cells, within battery modules, and / or battery packs. These materials can be used on any surface or in any space within such battery assemblies. For example, the compositions disclosed herein can also be used in battery assemblies, including but not limited to cell-to-module (C / C) modules. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6B ) Module to Group ( Figure 6C , Figure 7 Unit to group () Figure 8 ), and the unit to chassis battery assembly ( Figure 9 Such battery assemblies can be used in, but are not limited to, any of the applications described above.

[0198] A battery assembly can be any combination of one or more battery cells, interconnects that provide conductivity between the battery cells, and auxiliary components, such as control electronics and components that, in non-limiting instances, ensure the structural, mechanical, and environmental requirements necessary for the operation of a particular battery (e.g., but not limited to, battery cell interconnects such as wires, battery pack housings including trays and covers, module housings, module frames and frame plates, module supports, cooling and heating assemblies including cooling plates, cooling fins and cooling tubes, electrical busbars, battery management systems, battery thermal management systems, chargers, inverters, and converters).

[0199] Battery cell 10 is typically a single-cell energy storage container that can be connected in series or parallel. The battery cell can be any suitable size or shape known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, cylindrical. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 ), prismatic ( Figure 2 , Figures 5 to 8 ) and / or bag-shaped ( Figure 3 The battery cell 10 is enclosed to provide the desired mechanical protection and environmental isolation for the cell. For example, cylindrical and prismatic cells can be encased in metal cans, boxes, and lids, while pouch cells can be encased in multilayer laminated foil. Battery terminals 1 connect the electrodes inside the battery cell to an external circuitry, with one terminal being the positive terminal and the other the negative terminal. Figure 4 As shown, the battery cell 10 can be connected in series or in parallel with other battery cells 10 via the interconnect wire 5 so that current can flow between the cells 10.

[0200] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, battery cells 10 can be arranged in a module 100 comprising multiple cells 10 connected in series or parallel. Module 100 may include at least a portion of the housing of the arranged battery cells 10. Auxiliary components, such as those described above, may be included. Spaces of any size may be located between any inner surfaces of the multiple cells, auxiliary components, base and / or module walls or other housings 120.

[0201] Figure 1 A top view of a cylindrical battery cell 10 having a terminal 1 is shown. As shown, the cells are arranged in rows, with cooling tubes 3 or dielectric insulating paper (e-paper) 4 between the rows. As shown, materials optionally formed from compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as adhesives 6 and / or potting compounds 7, may be positioned between the cell 10, the cooling tubes 3, and / or the e-paper 4.

[0202] Figure 2An exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic cell units 10 is shown. As shown, each prismatic cell 10 may include a top 11, a bottom, and a wall 13 positioned between the top and bottom, each having a surface. As shown, a material formed from the composition disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as a gasket 8, may be positioned between the surfaces of the cell walls 13 of adjacent cells 10.

[0203] Figure 3 A cross-sectional front view of an array of pouch cell units 10 in module 100 is shown. Module walls 120 at least partially surround the units 10. As shown, a material formed from the composition disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as a gasket 8, may be positioned between the surfaces of the units 10.

[0204] Figure 4 An isometric view of cylindrical cells 10 in a battery module 100 is shown. Each cell may include a top 11, a bottom 12, and a wall 13 positioned between the top and bottom, each having a surface. The top 11 and bottom 12 may be terminals with opposite charges, one terminal being a positive terminal 1 and the other a negative terminal (not shown). Battery cells may be connected at their terminals via interconnects, such as wires 5, to allow current to flow between electrical cells. Module 100 or module wall 120 may form a space with a volume. Cell 10 may be positioned within the space to consume a portion of the volume. Material formed from compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as potting compound 7, may be positioned such that material formed from coating compositions disclosed herein may be positioned within the space to consume at least a portion of the volume, such that the material is adjacent to the surface of cell wall 13 and / or the inner surface of at least one of the walls 120 of module 100.

[0205] Figure 5 An exploded perspective view of a battery module 100 is shown, which includes one or more arrays of battery cells 10, cooling fins 230, and a cooling plate 240. Materials formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as gaskets 8, may be positioned between the cells 10. Additional gaskets 8 may be positioned between the cells 10, the cooling fins 230, the cooling plate 240, and / or the inner surfaces of the walls 120. Other gaskets 8 may be positioned adjacent to the outer surface of the walls 120.

[0206] Figure 6 shows battery cell 10 ( Figure 6A ) to battery module 100 ( Figure 6B ) to battery pack 200 ( Figure 6C Isometric view of the battery assembly. Battery module 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10, and battery pack 200 includes a plurality of battery modules 100.

[0207] Figure 7 A perspective view of a cutout in the battery pack 200 is shown. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules 100 and cells 10 located within each module 100. The base of the battery pack 200 includes a cooling plate 240. A material formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as adhesive 9, may be positioned between the cooling plate 240 and the inner surface of the wall of the battery pack 200. A material formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as gasket 8, may be positioned between the cells 10 within the module 100.

[0208] Figure 8 An isometric view of the assembly of unit 10 to battery pack 200 is shown. Unit 10 is arranged within pack 200 (rather than in a separate module).

[0209] In other cases, the battery cells may be arranged on or within the article, such as, but not limited to, Figure 9 The units shown are used to construct the battery assembly from the chassis, wherein one or more units are used to build the battery assembly without prior assembly of the units into modules and / or groups. Figure 9 An isometric sectional view of the unit to the chassis battery assembly 300 is shown. The unit 10 is arranged on a base that includes a chassis 55 and is supported by a vehicle frame 45 and located below the vehicle's interior floor 35.

[0210] Any battery assembly may further include a thermal management system comprising air or fluid circuitry, which may be liquid-based (e.g., ethylene glycol solution) or based on a direct refrigerant.

[0211] The substrate may include a film formed on the surface of the substrate by one of the compositions disclosed herein, the film having at least one of the following characteristics upon curing:

[0212] (a) The lap shear strength at failure is at least 5 MPa, such as at least 6 MPa, such as at least 7 MPa, such as at least 8 MPa, wherein the lap shear displacement and lap shear strength are measured according to ASTM D1002-10 using 3003 H24 aluminum substrate with a thickness of 0.063 inches, such as by measuring in tensile mode at a tensile rate of 10 mm / min using an INSTRON 5567 machine;

[0213] (b) Tensile strength greater than 1.8 MPa, measured under ambient conditions using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021);

[0214] (c) The elongation at break, measured under ambient conditions using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021), is greater than 24%;

[0215] (d) Tensile strength greater than 7.4 MPa, measured at -35°C using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021);

[0216] (e) an elongation at break greater than 14% as measured at 35°C using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16 (2021); and / or

[0217] (f) Thermal conductivity greater than 0.78 W / mK as measured by a C-Therm TCi thermal conductivity analyzer using the modified transient planar heat source method according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0218] This disclosure further relates to a component comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein coated on the surface of the component.

[0219] This disclosure further relates to an article comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and any of the compositions disclosed herein located between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0220] In view of the foregoing description, this disclosure therefore relates particularly to, but is not limited to, aspects 1 to 82.

[0221] aspect

[0222] 1. A composition comprising:

[0223] The first component contains isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers;

[0224] The second component contains polyurethane polyol;

[0225] Aromatic diamines; and

[0226] The filler content is greater than 50% to 88% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0227] 2. The composition according to aspect 1, wherein the composition contains filler in an amount such as 55% to 88% by weight, or 55% to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0228] 3. The composition according to aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the composition contains filler in an amount of 65% to 88% by weight, such as 65% to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0229] 4. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, in addition to the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer, the composition further comprises an isocyanate-functionalized compound.

[0230] 5. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises a reaction product containing a polyol and a polyisocyanate.

[0231] 6. The composition according to aspect 5, wherein the polyol comprises 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, the Mn being measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0232] 7. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol, wherein the Mn is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0233] 8. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises:

[0234] (a) Aromatic isocyanate functional prepolymers;

[0235] (b) Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers;

[0236] (c) Monofunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers; and / or

[0237] (d) Polyfunctional isocyanate functional prepolymers.

[0238] 9. The composition according to aspect 8, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises a bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount of 50% to 100% by weight, such as 60% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer.

[0239] 10. The composition according to aspect 8 or aspect 9, wherein the isocyanate-functional prepolymer comprises monofunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer in an amount of 50% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-functional prepolymer.

[0240] 11. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq, of NCO equivalent weight.

[0241] 12. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises an NCO equivalent weight of not more than 2,500 g / eq, such as not more than 1,250 g / eq.

[0242] 13. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as 300 g / eq to 1,250 g / eq, in NCO equivalent weight.

[0243] 14. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount of at least 10% by weight, such as at least 12% by weight.

[0244] 15. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount of at least 15% by weight, such as at least 20% by weight.

[0245] 16. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount not exceeding 48% by weight, such as not exceeding 40% by weight.

[0246] 17. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount not exceeding 35% by weight, such as not exceeding 30% by weight.

[0247] 18. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount such as 10% to 48% by weight, or 12% to 40% by weight.

[0248] 19. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer in an amount such as 20% to 30% by weight, from 15% to 35% by weight.

[0249] 20. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyurethane polyol comprises 1,000 g / mol to 6,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 2,000 g / mol to 3,000 g / mol, the Mn being measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0250] 21. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyurethane polyol comprises:

[0251] (a) Aromatic polyurethane polyols;

[0252] (b) Bifunctional polyurethane polyols;

[0253] (c) Monofunctional polyurethane polyols; and / or

[0254] (d) Multifunctional polyurethane polyols.

[0255] 22. The composition according to aspect 21, wherein the polyurethane polyol comprises a bifunctional polyurethane polyol in an amount such as 50% to 100% by weight or 60% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyurethane polyol.

[0256] 23. The composition according to aspect 21 or aspect 22, wherein the polyurethane polyol comprises monofunctional polyurethane polyol and / or polyfunctional polyurethane polyol in an amount of 50% by weight or less, such as 10% by weight to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyurethane polyol.

[0257] 24. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises a polyurethane polyol in an amount of at least 1% by weight, such as at least 3% by weight.

[0258] 25. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises a polyurethane polyol in an amount of at least 4% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight.

[0259] 26. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, based on the total weight of the composition, comprises a polyurethane polyol in an amount not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, such as not exceeding 15% by weight.

[0260] 27. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises a polyurethane polyol in an amount not exceeding 12% by weight, such as not exceeding 10% by weight.

[0261] 28. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising, by weight of the total composition, a polyurethane polyol in an amount such as 1% to 20% by weight, or 3% to 15% by weight.

[0262] 29. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising, by weight of the total composition, a polyurethane polyol in an amount such as 4% to 12% by weight or 5% to 10% by weight.

[0263] 30. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of total isocyanate components, at least 500 g / eq, such as at least 750 g / eq, an isocyanate equivalent.

[0264] 31. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of total isocyanate components, not more than 5,000 g / eq, such as not more than 3,000 g / eq, in the form of isocyanate equivalents.

[0265] 32. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of total isocyanate components, 500 g / eq to 5,000 g / eq, such as 750 g / eq to 3,000 g / eq, in the form of isocyanate equivalents.

[0266] 33. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of all amine-containing components and polyol-containing components, at least 500 g / eq, such as at least 750 g / eq, of active hydrogen equivalent.

[0267] 34. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of all amine-containing components and polyol-containing components, an active hydrogen equivalent of not more than 6,000 g / eq, such as not more than 4,000 g / eq.

[0268] 35. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, by weight of all amine-containing components and polyol-containing components, 500 g / eq to 6,000 g / eq, such as 750 g / eq to 4,000 g / eq, of active hydrogen equivalent.

[0269] 36. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises a liquid aromatic diamine and / or a sterically hindered aromatic diamine.

[0270] 37. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises dimethyltoluenediamine, diethyltoluenediamine, 4,4'-bis( Zhong (-Butylamino)diphenylmethane or combinations thereof.

[0271] 38. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol of Mn, such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol, the Mn being calculated by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0272] 39. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises an aromatic diamine in an amount of at least 1% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight.

[0273] 40. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, based on the total weight of the composition, contains an aromatic diamine in an amount not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, such as not exceeding 10% by weight.

[0274] 41. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it contains an aromatic diamine in an amount such as 1% to 20% by weight, or 5% to 10% by weight.

[0275] 42. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the filler comprises a thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler.

[0276] 43. The composition according to aspect 42, wherein the thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler comprises a thermally stable filler and / or a thermally unstable filler.

[0277] 44. The composition according to aspect 43, wherein, based on the total volume of the thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler, it comprises a thermally stable filler in an amount of at least 90% by volume.

[0278] 45. The composition according to aspect 43 or aspect 44, wherein, based on the total volume of the thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler, it contains thermally unstable filler in an amount not exceeding 10% by volume.

[0279] 46. ​​The composition according to any one of aspects 42 to 45, wherein the thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler comprises alumina, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof.

[0280] 47. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects further comprises an accelerator, a second polyol and / or an additive.

[0281] 48. The composition according to aspect 47, wherein the promoter comprises a nitrogen-based catalyst, such as an amine-based catalyst.

[0282] 49. The composition according to aspect 48, wherein the amine catalyst comprises triethylenediamine.

[0283] 50. The composition according to any one of aspects 47 to 49, wherein the composition contains an accelerator in an amount such as 0.001% to 2% by weight or 0.01% to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0284] 51. The composition according to any one of aspects 47 to 50, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, it comprises a second polyol in an amount such as 0.5% to 10% by weight, or 0.5% to 7.5% by weight.

[0285] 52. The composition according to aspects 47 to 51 above, wherein the second polyol comprises a number-average molecular weight of at least 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, which is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

[0286] 53. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the composition is substantially free of castor oil.

[0287] 54. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, comprising an NCO:OH ratio of 0.7:1 to 1.7:1, such as 0.9:1 to 1.5:1.

[0288] 55. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the ratio of active hydrogen from aromatic amines to active hydrogen from polyurethane polyols may be 1:10 to 10:1, such as 1:5 to 5:1.

[0289] 56. A substrate having a coating formed on its surface from the composition according to any one of the preceding aspects.

[0290] 57. The substrate according to aspect 56, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

[0291] 58. A battery comprising a substrate as described in aspect 56 or aspect 57.

[0292] 59. Use of the composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 55 for forming a coating having at least one of the following:

[0293] (a) The lap shear strength at failure is at least 5 MPa, such as at least 6 MPa, such as at least 7 MPa, such as at least 8 MPa, wherein the lap shear displacement and lap shear strength are measured according to ASTM D1002-10 using 3003 H24 aluminum substrate with a thickness of 0.063 inches, such as by measuring in tensile mode at a tensile rate of 10 mm / min using an INSTRON 5567 machine;

[0294] (b) Tensile strength greater than 1.8 MPa, measured under ambient conditions using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021);

[0295] (c) The elongation at break, measured under ambient conditions using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021), is greater than 24%;

[0296] (d) Tensile strength greater than 7.4 MPa, measured at -35°C using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16(2021);

[0297] (e) an elongation at break greater than 14% as measured at 35°C using an INSTRON 5567 machine according to ASTM D412-16 (2021); and / or

[0298] (f) Thermal conductivity greater than 0.78 W / mK as measured by a C-Therm TCi thermal conductivity analyzer using the modified transient planar heat source method according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0299] The following examples illustrate the disclosed subject matter and should not be construed as limiting this disclosure to its details. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages in the examples and throughout the specification are by weight.

[0300] Example

[0301] Example 1: Synthesis of isocyanate-terminated prepolymers

[0302] Add Mondur TD Grade 80 A (a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanates, 107.0 g, 0.410 equivalent NCO) to a round-bottom flask and heat to 70°C. In a separate flask, mix Polymeg 1000 (a diol based on polytetrahydrofuran, Mw = 1000 g / mol, 124.2 g, 0.0828 equivalent OH) and Arcol PPG-1025 (a diol based on polypropylene oxide, Mw = 1000 g / mol, 57.3 g, 0.0382 equivalent OH). Add the polyol mixture over approximately 1 hour, ensuring the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 90°C. Maintain the mixture at 70°C for approximately 1 hour until the measured isocyanate equivalent weight of the mixture is 333 g / eq. Add 1,4-butanediol (11.4 g, 0.084 OH equivalents) to the mixture over approximately 1 hour, ensuring the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 90°C. Maintain the mixture at 70°C for approximately 1 hour until the isocyanate equivalent determined by titration is 504 g / eq. Titration is performed by dissolving the isocyanate sample in a solution of n-dibutylamine in a suitable solvent (e.g., toluene), stirring the mixture for 20 minutes, and then diluting with isopropanol. Excess n-dibutylamine is back-titrated with HCl solution.

[0303] Example 2: Synthesis of polyurethane polyols

[0304] Add Polymeg 1000 (90.67 g, 0.181 OH equivalents) to a round-bottom flask and heat to 70°C. Add Mondur TD Grade 80 A (9.33 g, 0.107 mol NCO) over approximately 1 hour, ensuring the mixture temperature does not exceed 90°C. Maintain the mixture at 70°C until the isocyanate is consumed, yielding a material with a measured OH equivalent weight of 1350 g / eq.

[0305] Example 3: Preparation of the composition

[0306] Unless otherwise stated, all quantities in the following tables are by weight in grams. Prepare composition IV using the materials and quantities listed in Table 1. Form portions A and B of each composition as follows: Mix the liquid components in Table 1 in the stated proportions and mix at 2500 RPM for 1 minute using a dual asymmetric mixer (SpeedMixer®). Then add the solid components in batches, mixing at 2500 RPM for 1 minute between each addition. Perform a final mix of each portion at 2500 RPM for 2 minutes. Then combine portions A and B and mix at 2350 RPM for 1 minute using SpeedMixer®. Prepare lap shear test specimens on 0.063” x 1” x 4” aluminum sheets, degreased using Ultrax98D (commercially available from PPG Industries) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Apply wet adhesive to approximately ¾” of the end of one substrate and gently apply a 0.02” diameter glass bead on top. Apply a second substrate to ½” of the adhesive and press them together. During curing, a long-tail clip was attached to the joint. The joint was cured for seven days at 25°C and 50% relative humidity. The lap shear was tested according to ASTM D1002-10 using a 0.063-inch thick 3003 H24 aluminum substrate, measured at a tensile rate of 10 mm / min in tensile mode using an INSTRON 5567 machine. Tensile specimens were prepared according to ISO 37:2017 by pressing wet adhesive between two sheets of polyethylene plastic to a thickness of 1 / 8”, then curing for 7 days at 25°C and 50% humidity before cutting with an ISO 37-C die. Tensile specimens were tested on an Instron 5567 machine at a tensile rate of 10 mm / min. Tensile strength and elongation at break were measured according to ASTM D412-16 (2021) using an INSTRON 5567 machine. Thermal conductivity was measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a C-Therm TCi thermal conductivity analyzer via a modified transient planar heat source method.

[0307] Samples used for thermal conductivity testing are prepared in a mold with a diameter of 2.25” and a thickness of at least 0.2”. Thermal conductivity is tested using a C-Therm Thermal Conductivity Instrument (TCI) via the Modified Transient Plane Heat Source (MTPS) method, according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0308] Results for lap shear, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal conductivity are provided in Table 1.

[0309] Table 1

[0310]

[0311] These examples demonstrate that when polyurethane polyols are added to highly filled compositions, the compositions exhibit improved tensile strength and elongation at break at both room temperature and -35°C compared to compositions without polyurethane polyols, while maintaining thermal conductivity.

[0312] While aspects of this disclosure have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alternatives to those details can be developed based on the general teachings of this disclosure. Therefore, the specific arrangements disclosed are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of this disclosure, which is defined by the full scope of the appended claims and aspects and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: The first component contains isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers; The second component contains polyurethane polyol; Aromatic diamines; and The filler content is greater than 50% to 88% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises a reaction product containing a polyol and a polyisocyanate.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the polyol comprises 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, wherein the Mn is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

4. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: (a) The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn; (b) The polyurethane polyol comprises 1,000 g / mol to 6,000 g / mol of Mn; and / or (c) The aromatic diamine comprises 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol of Mn; Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI detector) and polystyrene standards, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. -1 The eluent and two PL gels were mixed on a C1 column for separation.

5. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises a difunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer.

6. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer comprises 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq of NCO equivalent weight.

7. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises: (a) The isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer, in a content of 10% to 48% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; (b) the polyurethane polyol, wherein the content is from 1% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; and / or (c) The aromatic diamine, the content of which is from 1% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyurethane polyol comprises a bifunctional polyurethane polyol.

9. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises: (a) The isocyanate equivalent weight is between 500 g / eq and 5,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of all isocyanate-containing components; and / or (b) The active hydrogen equivalent weight is from 500 g / eq to 6,000 g / eq, based on the total weight of the amine-containing component and the polyol-containing component.

10. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises a liquid aromatic diamine and / or a sterically hindered aromatic diamine.

11. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the filler comprises a thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler.

12. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an accelerator and / or a second polyol.

13. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises an NCO:OH ratio of 0.7:1 to 1.7:

1.

14. A method for treating a substrate, the method comprising: The surface of the substrate is brought into contact with the composition according to any one of the preceding claims.

15. A substrate comprising a coating on its surface, said coating being formed of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. The surface of claim 15, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

17. The substrate according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a battery cell.

18. A battery comprising a battery cell according to claim 17 and optionally a battery assembly.

19. A vehicle comprising the battery according to claim 18.

20. The vehicle according to claim 19, comprising a land vehicle or an aircraft.

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