A composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine, which comprises a laser composite cutting head composed of a machine shell, a composite cutting head and a composite pipe, a hydraulic telescopic rod is fixed on the machine shell, a lifting seat fixed with the composite cutting head is fixed on the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod; a shielding structure is detachably installed on the bottom side of the lifting seat, a cleaning mechanism for cleaning is arranged in the shielding structure; the cleaning mechanism comprises a guide sleeve in a hollow shape, a cleaning assembly is arranged outside the guide sleeve, and the cleaning mechanism further comprises a driving assembly for adjustment. The composite cutting head of the laser cutting machine, through the lifting guide function of the cleaning mechanism, only different force exertion modes of an operator can realize two completely different cleaning modes, such as vibration knocking and rotary scraping, phased or combined action is realized, and double and thorough removal of stains on the inner wall of the shielding cover is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and in particular to a composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine. Background Technology

[0002] Modern laser cutting machines often possess hybrid processing capabilities, integrating laser welding and laser cutting functions into one unit. They can switch between operations using the same processing head to achieve combined cutting and welding. For example, some laser cutting and welding hybrid systems utilize intelligent control to complete complex cutting and welding tasks on the same equipment.

[0003] When a laser cutting machine is in use, the high-power-density laser beam generates a large number of sparks upon contact with the steel plate. These sparks not only obstruct the operator's view of the cutting process but also pose a risk of injury. To address this issue, patent document CN222359466U discloses a spark-proof laser cutting method.

[0004] However, the technical solutions described in the above documents have the following drawbacks in practical applications: For example, the shield lacks an active cleaning function. When the inside of the shield is not cleaned for a long time, the metal vapor and slag adhering to it will gradually accumulate. These deposits will irregularly reflect or absorb laser energy, causing fluctuations in the laser power reaching the workpiece surface, directly affecting the roughness and dimensional accuracy of the cut surface. Simultaneously, the accumulated residue will alter the airflow channels inside the shield. The auxiliary gas is used to blow away molten metal; if the airflow is blocked, creating eddies or unstable pressure, defects such as slag buildup and incomplete cutting will occur on the cut surface. Therefore, a composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine is proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and to avoid welding slag residue and improve welding results, this application provides a composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine, which has an active cleaning function, ensuring stable performance and a clean working environment during long-term operation, thus solving the problems mentioned above.

[0006] This application provides a composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine, which adopts the following technical solution: A composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine includes a laser composite cutting head composed of a housing, a composite cutting head, and a composite tube. A hydraulic telescopic rod is fixed on the housing, and a lifting seat fixed to the composite cutting head is fixed on the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod. The bottom side of the lifting seat is detachably equipped with a shielding structure, and the shielding structure is equipped with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning. The cleaning mechanism includes a hollow guide sleeve, a cleaning component disposed on the outside of the guide sleeve, and a drive component for adjustment. The cleaning component includes a mounting base sleeved on the outside of the guide sleeve, a cleaning component slidably disposed inside the mounting base, a sleeve sleeved on the outer surface of the top of the mounting base, and a guide rod fixed inside the mounting base. The guide sleeve has a spiral guide groove inside, and a ball bearing that rolls with the guide groove is rotatably mounted at the end of the guide rod. A connecting arm is hinged between the sleeve and the cleaning component. The drive assembly consists of a connecting frame and a drive component. The end of the connecting frame is equipped with a connecting ring II that connects to the top of the mounting base, thereby enabling the lifting and lowering adjustment of the cleaning assembly.

[0007] Optional: A composite pipe and a guide rail seat are respectively installed on the outer wall of the housing, wherein the composite pipe is connected to the composite cutting head, and the lifting seat has an internal receiving groove.

[0008] Optionally, the shielding structure includes a hollow shield and a telescopic tube. The top side of the shield is fixed to the bottom side of the telescopic tube. The top side of the telescopic tube is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat by bolts. A buffer spring is also installed between the shield and the lifting seat.

[0009] Optionally, the shielding structure further includes a base plate fixed to the bottom side of the shield, and a plurality of annularly distributed ball bearings are rotatably mounted on the bottom side of the base plate.

[0010] Optionally: The guide sleeve is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat, the composite cutting head penetrates the inside of the guide sleeve, the mounting seat is T-shaped with its lateral side facing downward, the mounting seat is moved up and down by the connecting frame, and the mounting seat is rotated around the axis of the guide table by the guide rod and the guide groove to clean the shield.

[0011] Optionally: The mounting base has an internal telescopic groove, and the cleaning component includes a telescopic rod. One end of the telescopic rod is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the other end is fixed with a scraper. When the mounting base rotates, the scraper rotates synchronously. When the scraper rotates, it generates centrifugal force due to gravity and expands outward.

[0012] Optional: A return spring is fixed inside the telescopic groove, and the end of the telescopic rod away from the scraper is fixed to the return spring. There are two sleeves, and the two sleeves are rotatably connected. The connecting arm is hinged between the bottom sleeve and the telescopic rod.

[0013] Optionally: A guide assembly is provided on the top side of the top sleeve, which penetrates the interior of the connecting frame. The guide assembly includes a guide rod fixed to the top side of the top sleeve and a return spring, and the top end of the guide rod penetrates the interior of the connecting frame.

[0014] Optionally, the drive component includes a connecting ring rotatably mounted on the outside of the top sleeve, a pull rope extending to the outside of the lifting seat is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting ring, a hand loop is fixed to the end of the pull rope, and a guide wheel for supporting the pull rope is bolted on the inner side of the connecting frame.

[0015] Optionally, the driving component further includes a connecting platform and a limiting ring installed outside the pull rope, wherein the connecting platform is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting frame, and a reset spring is installed between the connecting platform and the limiting ring.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention provides a cleaning mechanism that, through its lifting and guiding function, can achieve two distinct cleaning modes, such as vibration tapping and rotational scraping, by relying solely on different force application methods of the operator. This enables phased or combined action, achieving dual and thorough removal of stains from the inner wall of the shield.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the rapid lifting and adjusting cleaning component, causing the scraper to expand outward due to gravity and scrape the inner wall of the shield. No additional complex driving device is required; the scraping function can be achieved through a simple rapid lifting and lowering operation, further enhancing the cleaning effect.

[0018] 3. In the process of the cleaning component rotating around the guide sleeve axis, the rotation angle and position can be controlled to carry out key cleaning of specific areas inside the shield. For example, for some areas with a lot of dirt accumulation or difficult to clean, repeated tapping and scraping operations can be performed to achieve local deep cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the entire application; Figure 2 This is an overall cross-sectional view of this application; Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the obstruction structure in this application; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquidation organization in this application; Figure 5 This application Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of structure A is shown below; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the cleanup organization in this application; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the driver component in this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Laser composite cutting head; 11. Housing; 12. Composite cutting head; 13. Composite tube; 14. Guide rail base; 15. Hydraulic telescopic rod; 16. Lifting seat; 161. Receiving groove; 2. Shielding structure; 21. Shielding cover; 22. Telescopic tube; 23. Buffer spring; 24. Base plate; 25. Ball bearing; 3. Cleaning mechanism; 31. Guide sleeve; 311. Guide groove; 32. Cleaning assembly; 321. Mounting base; 322. Telescopic groove; 323. Telescopic rod; 324. Scraper block 325. Sleeve; 326. Guide rod; 3261. Ball bearing 2; 327. Connecting arm; 328. Return spring 1; 33. Drive assembly; 331. Connecting frame; 332. Drive component; 3321. Connecting ring 1; 3322. Pull rope; 3323. Hand ring; 3324. Connecting platform; 3325. Limiting ring; 3326. Return spring 2; 3327. Guide wheel; 333. Connecting ring 2; 34. Guide assembly; 341. Guide rod; 342. Return spring 3. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.

[0022] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine, including a laser composite cutting head 1 composed of a housing 11, a composite cutting head 12, and a composite tube 13. A hydraulic telescopic rod 15 is fixed on the housing 11, and a lifting seat 16 fixed to the composite cutting head 12 is fixed on the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 15. Driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod 15, the lifting seat 16 and the composite cutting head 12 can be moved up and down as a whole to adapt to the cutting requirements of different plate thicknesses. This allows the composite cutting head 12 to be flexibly adjusted according to the cutting requirements of different plate thicknesses, greatly improving the applicability and cutting accuracy of the equipment. For example, when cutting thinner plates, the composite cutting head 12 can be lowered to a suitable height to ensure a balance between cutting speed and quality; while when cutting thicker plates, the composite cutting head 12 can be appropriately raised to avoid problems such as unstable cutting or damage to the cutting head caused by the cutting head being too close to the plate.

[0023] Specifically, a composite tube 13 and a guide rail seat 14 are respectively installed on the outer wall of the housing 11. The composite tube 13 is connected to the composite cutting head 12 and is used to transport the laser beam and auxiliary gas. The lifting seat 16 has a receiving groove 161 inside.

[0024] Example 2, a second embodiment of the invention to improve the cutting environment, differs from the first embodiment in that a shielding structure 2 is detachably installed on the bottom side of the lifting seat 16. Specifically, as shown... Figures 2-4 As shown, the shielding structure 2 includes a hollow shield 21 and a telescopic tube 22. The top side of the shield 21 is fixed to the bottom side of the telescopic tube 22, and the top side of the telescopic tube 22 is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat 16 by bolts, realizing the detachable installation of the shield 21 for easy maintenance and replacement. A buffer spring 23 is also installed between the shield 21 and the lifting seat 16. When the cutting head descends to cut, the bottom of the shield 21 contacts the workpiece, and the buffer spring 23 can play a buffering role to avoid rigid collision damage to the workpiece or the cutting head. The shielding structure 2 also includes a base plate 24 fixed to the bottom side of the shield 21. Several annularly distributed ball bearings 25 are rotatably mounted on the bottom side of the base plate 24. The design of the ball bearings 25 allows the shield 21 to move smoothly with the contour of the workpiece or the cutting path when it contacts the workpiece surface, reducing frictional resistance and avoiding scratching the workpiece surface.

[0025] Example 3, as Figures 2-7 As shown, this is the third embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the second embodiment, the shielding structure 2 has a cleaning mechanism 3 inside. The cleaning mechanism 3 includes a hollow guide sleeve 31, which is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat 16. The composite cutting head 12 penetrates the interior of the guide sleeve 31. A cleaning assembly 32 is provided outside the guide sleeve 31. The cleaning mechanism 3 also includes two drive assemblies 33 for adjustment, specifically, two symmetrically distributed drive assemblies 33.

[0026] Specifically, the cleaning component 32 includes a mounting base 321 sleeved on the outside of the guide sleeve 31, a cleaning component slidably disposed inside the mounting base 321, a sleeve 325 sleeved on the outer surface of the top of the mounting base 321, and a guide rod 326 fixed inside the mounting base 321. The mounting base 321 is T-shaped with its lateral side facing downwards, which helps to maintain stability during rotation and provides a mounting base for the cleaning component. An expansion groove 322 is formed inside the mounting base 321. The cleaning component includes a telescopic rod 323, one end of which is slidably connected to the expansion groove 322, and the other end of which is fixed with a scraper 324. When the mounting base 321 rotates, the scraper 324 rotates synchronously. When the scraper 324 rotates, it expands outwards due to centrifugal force, causing the scraper 324 to adhere tightly to the inner wall of the shield 21, thereby improving the cleaning effect. To prevent the scraper block 324 from over-expanding or retracting when not in operation, a return spring 328 is fixed inside the telescopic groove 322, and the end of the telescopic rod 323 away from the scraper block 324 is fixed to the return spring 328. When the centrifugal force disappears or decreases, the return spring 328 pulls the telescopic rod 323 back, preventing the scraper block 324 from being under pressure for a long time and causing fatigue deformation. It should be noted that the number of telescopic rods 323, scraper blocks 324, and connecting arms 327 is not less than two; in addition, to avoid impurities remaining on the scraper block 324, the deformation of the return spring 328 when the scraper block 324 is retracted can generate a certain vibration on the scraper block 324, preventing external impurities from remaining on its surface.

[0027] To enable the cleanup component 32 to boot, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a spiral guide groove 311 is provided inside the guide sleeve 31, and a ball bearing 3261 that rolls with the guide groove 311 is rotatably mounted at the end of the guide rod 326. When the mounting seat 321 moves axially along the guide sleeve 31, the ball bearing 3261 rolls in the spiral guide groove 311, thereby converting linear motion into rotational motion, causing the mounting seat 321 to rotate around the axial direction of the guide sleeve 31. It should be noted that there are two sleeves 325, and the two sleeves 325 are rotatably connected. The connecting arm 327 is hinged between the bottom sleeve 325 and the telescopic rod 323. Through the structural design of the double sleeves 325 and the connecting arm 327, the drive component 332 can smoothly push or pull the telescopic rod 323 through the connecting arm 327 when driving the sleeves 325 to rise and fall, thereby realizing the radial position adjustment of the scraper block 324. The structure is simple and the transmission is reliable.

[0028] To achieve different cleaning methods, such as Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the drive assembly 33 consists of a connecting frame 331 and a drive component 332. One end of the connecting frame 331 extends through the receiving groove 161 to the outside of the lifting seat 16. A connecting ring 333 is installed at the end of the connecting frame 331 and connects to the top of the mounting seat 321. Through the action of the drive component 332, the connecting frame 331 can be driven to rise and fall, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering adjustment of the cleaning assembly 32. When the connecting frame 331 drives the mounting seat 321 to rise or fall, the mounting seat 321 rotates under the cooperation of the guide groove 311 and the guide rod 326, thereby driving the cleaning component to rise and fall while rotating, performing a comprehensive spiral cleaning of the inner wall of the shielding structure 2.

[0029] To improve regulation stability, such as Figure 6 As shown, a guide assembly 34 penetrating the interior of the connecting frame 331 is provided on the top side of the top sleeve 325. The guide assembly 34 includes a guide rod 341 fixed to the top side of the top sleeve 325 and a return spring 342, with the top end of the guide rod 341 penetrating the interior of the connecting frame 331. The guide assembly 34 is used to ensure the linear motion accuracy of the sleeve 325 during lifting and lowering, prevent it from swaying, and ensure smooth driving of the telescopic rod 323 by the connecting arm 327. The return spring 342 is used to assist the sleeve 325 and the cleaning component in resetting after the external force is removed from the driving component 332.

[0030] To achieve the purpose of driving, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the drive unit 332 includes a connecting ring 3321 rotatably mounted on the outside of the top sleeve 325. A pull rope 3322 extending to the outside of the lifting seat 16 is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting ring 3321, and a hand loop 3323 is fixed to the end of the pull rope 3322. The operator only needs to pull the hand loop 3323 from outside the equipment to raise the connecting ring 3321 via the pull rope 3322, thereby driving the entire cleaning mechanism 3. A guide wheel 3327 supporting the pull rope 3322 is bolted to the inner side of the connecting frame 331. The guide wheel 3327 reduces friction during the movement of the pull rope 3322 and makes the pull rope 3322 rotate more smoothly, facilitating the application of force from the optimal operating position.

[0031] To achieve automatic reset of the drive unit 332, such as Figure 7As shown, the driving component 332 also includes a connecting platform 3324 and a limiting ring 3325 installed on the outside of the pull rope 3322. The connecting platform 3324 is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting frame 331, and a second return spring 3326 is installed between the connecting platform 3324 and the limiting ring 3325. When the hand ring 3323 is pulled, the limiting ring 3325 moves with the pull rope 3322 and compresses the second return spring 3326; after the hand ring 3323 is released, the second return spring 3326 releases its elastic force, pushing the limiting ring 3325 and the pull rope 3322 back to their original positions, thereby causing the cleaning component 32 to automatically return to its original position, ready for the next operation.

[0032] It should be noted that, through the above structure, operators can achieve multiple cleaning modes. First, by reciprocatingly pulling the hand ring 3323, the sleeve 325 moves up and down reciprocally, which in turn drives the telescopic rod 323 to reciprocate through the connecting arm 327, causing the scraper 324 to continuously tap and vibrate against the inner wall of the shield 21, achieving pre-treatment to loosen stubborn stains. Second, by quickly pulling the hand ring 3323, the connecting frame 331 is raised and lowered rapidly, causing the cleaning component 32 to rotate while raising and lowering. Under the action of centrifugal force, the scraper 324 closely adheres to the inner wall to perform spiral scraping, achieving deep cleaning. After cleaning, under the coordinated action of the second return spring 3326, the first return spring 328, and the third return spring 342, each component automatically resets. Through the deformation of the springs, residual impurities can be automatically shaken off, avoiding secondary cleaning and further improving the cleaning effect.

[0033] Combined with appendix Figures 1-7 The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows: When a cutting operation is required, the hydraulic telescopic rod 15 extends and retracts, driving the lifting seat 16 and the composite cutting head 12 to move up and down to adjust to a suitable cutting height. During the cutting process, the shielding structure 2 moves together with the lifting seat 16, and the ball bearings 25 on the bottom side of the shielding cover 21 roll on the worktable to reduce friction. When the shield 21 needs to be cleaned, the operator first uses the hand ring 3323 to pull the rope 3322 and the limit ring 3325 to move the sleeve 325 up and down. When the sleeve 325 moves up and down, it drives the telescopic rod 323 to move back and forth through the connecting arm 327. The deformation of the return spring 328 can extend the displacement of the scraper 324, so that the scraper 324 continuously contacts the inner wall of the shield 21 to produce a knocking effect. The vibration is used to perform preliminary cleaning of the inner side of the shield 21. Then the connecting frame 331 can adjust the height of the cleaning component 32. At the same time, when the cleaning component 32 is raised and lowered, it will rotate around the guide sleeve 31 axially, so that different positions on the inner side of the shield 21 can be knocked. In addition, by ending the pulling of the rope 3322, the connecting frame 331 is quickly raised and lowered, thereby the cleaning component 32 is quickly raised and lowered. During the rapid raising and lowering of the cleaning component 32, centrifugal force is generated. The scraper 324 is centrifuged due to gravity and expands outward to scrape the inner wall of the shield 21, further cleaning the inside of the shield 21.

[0034] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine, comprising a laser composite cutting head (1) consisting of a housing (11), a composite cutting head (12), and a composite tube (13), characterized in that: A hydraulic telescopic rod (15) is fixed on the housing (11), and a lifting seat (16) fixed to the composite cutting head (12) is fixed on the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (15). The bottom side of the lifting seat (16) is detachably equipped with a shielding structure (2), and the shielding structure (2) is provided with a cleaning mechanism (3) for cleaning. The cleaning mechanism (3) includes a hollow guide sleeve (31), and a cleaning component (32) is provided on the outside of the guide sleeve (31). The cleaning mechanism (3) also includes a drive component (33) for adjustment. The cleaning component (32) includes a mounting base (321) sleeved on the outside of the guide sleeve (31), a cleaning component slidably disposed inside the mounting base (321), a sleeve (325) sleeved on the outer surface of the top end of the mounting base (321), and a guide rod (326) fixed inside the mounting base (321). A spiral guide groove (311) is provided inside the guide sleeve (31). A ball bearing (3261) is rotatably mounted at the end of the guide rod (326) and rolls with the guide groove (311). A connecting arm (327) is hinged between the sleeve (325) and the cleaning component. The drive assembly (33) consists of a connecting frame (331) and a drive component (332). The end of the connecting frame (331) is equipped with a connecting ring (333) that is connected to the top of the mounting base (321), thereby realizing the lifting and lowering adjustment of the cleaning assembly (32).

2. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the housing (11) is respectively equipped with a composite pipe (13) and a guide rail seat (14), wherein the composite pipe (13) is connected to the composite cutting head (12), and the inside of the lifting seat (16) is provided with a receiving groove (161).

3. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding structure (2) includes a shielding cover (21) with a hollow interior and a telescopic tube (22). The top side of the shielding cover (21) is fixed to the bottom side of the telescopic tube (22). The top side of the telescopic tube (22) is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat (16) by bolts. A buffer spring (23) is also installed between the shielding cover (21) and the lifting seat (16).

4. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shielding structure (2) also includes a base plate (24) fixed to the bottom side of the shield (21), and a number of annularly distributed ball bearings (25) are rotatably mounted on the bottom side of the base plate (24).

5. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide sleeve (31) is fixed to the bottom side of the lifting seat (16), the composite cutting head (12) penetrates the inside of the guide sleeve (31), the mounting seat (321) is T-shaped and its horizontal side is set downward. The mounting seat (321) is driven to move up and down by the connecting frame (331). The guide rod (326) and the guide groove (311) are used to guide and cooperate, so that the mounting seat (321) rotates around the axial direction of the guide table (31) to clean the shield (21).

6. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting base (321) has an internal telescopic groove (322). The cleaning component includes a telescopic rod (323). One end of the telescopic rod (323) is slidably connected to the telescopic groove (322), and the other end is fixed with a scraper (324). When the mounting base (321) rotates, the scraper (324) rotates synchronously. When the scraper (324) rotates, it generates centrifugal force due to gravity and expands outward.

7. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic groove (322) is fixed with a return spring (328) inside. The end of the telescopic rod (323) away from the scraper (324) is fixed with the return spring (328). There are two sleeves (325), and the two sleeves (325) are rotatably connected. The connecting arm (327) is hinged between the bottom sleeve (325) and the telescopic rod (323).

8. The composite cutting head of a laser cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top side of the top sleeve (325) is provided with a guide assembly (34) that penetrates the interior of the connecting frame (331). The guide assembly (34) includes a guide rod (341) fixed to the top side of the top sleeve (325) and a return spring (342), and the top end of the guide rod (341) penetrates the interior of the connecting frame (331).

9. A composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive unit (332) includes a connecting ring (3321) rotatably mounted on the outside of the top sleeve (325). A pull rope (3322) extending to the outside of the lifting seat (16) is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting ring (3321). A hand ring (3323) is fixed to the end of the pull rope (3322). A guide wheel (3327) supporting the pull rope (3322) is bolted on the inner side of the connecting frame (331).

10. A composite cutting head for a laser cutting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drive unit (332) further includes a connecting platform (3324) and a limiting ring (3325) installed on the outside of the pull rope (3322), wherein the connecting platform (3324) is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting frame (331), and a second reset spring (3326) is installed between the connecting platform (3324) and the limiting ring (3325).

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