Intelligent locomotive sanders

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, relating to the field of locomotive technology. It solves the problems of limited functionality, sand clumping and blockage, and difficulty in accurately controlling the amount of sand spread in existing technologies. The device includes a sand storage cylinder with a sand outlet pipe on its bottom surface; an injector connected to the sand outlet pipe for connection to an external compressed air pipeline; and a material guiding and regulating mechanism. This mechanism includes a mounting cover plate slidably disposed within the top port of the sand storage cylinder, a material guide fixed within the sand storage cylinder, a rotating rod disposed within the sand storage cylinder and vertically inserted into the material guide, a conical column disposed on the rotating rod for controlling the sand flow rate, and a DC servo motor fixed to the mounting cover plate with its main shaft connected to the rotating rod. Through the cooperative structure of the conical column and conical cylinder, this invention achieves precise adjustment of the amount of sand spread and automatic crushing of clumped sand particles, enabling continuous and precise control of the amount of sand spread.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of locomotive technology, and in particular to an intelligent sand spreader for locomotives. Background Technology

[0002] As a core device ensuring wheel-rail adhesion performance under complex road conditions such as wet, slippery, and uphill conditions, the sand-spreading system on railway locomotives directly affects train operation safety and efficiency. Traditional locomotive sand spreaders typically use solenoid valves and control airflow switches to achieve the sand-spreading action.

[0003] However, traditional sand spreaders have the following shortcomings in actual operation:

[0004] Firstly, the sand storage cylinder lacks effective anti-bridging and breaking structures. Sand particles easily clump together when damp, clogging the sand discharge channel and causing delayed or even complete failure in sand distribution response. This is particularly problematic under conditions requiring rapid response, such as wet or slippery conditions or uphill driving, making it difficult to ensure the timeliness and reliability of wheel-rail adhesion enhancement.

[0005] Secondly, the sand discharge control method lacks flexibility. Most traditional sand spreaders use a fixed opening sand discharge structure or rely solely on simple solenoid valves to control airflow, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the sand discharge amount according to actual working conditions. Under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, insufficient sand discharge will affect wheel-rail adhesion performance; while under low-speed and light-load conditions, it is easy to waste sand, resulting in low precision control capability.

[0006] Third, the maintenance of core components is inconvenient. Traditional sand spreaders typically have fixed core components such as the sand outlet and material guiding structure, making them difficult to detach or lift easily. This makes internal cleaning and maintenance extremely difficult; if sand accumulates or foreign objects become stuck, numerous parts need to be disassembled, resulting in low maintenance efficiency.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies suffer from limitations such as limited functionality, sand clumping and blockage, and difficulty in accurately controlling the amount of sand applied. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of traditional sand spreaders, such as limited functionality, sand clumping and blockage, and difficulty in accurately controlling the amount of sand spread, and to propose an intelligent sand spreader for locomotives.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technology: a locomotive intelligent sand spreader, comprising:

[0010] A sand storage cylinder, wherein a sand outlet pipe is provided on the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder;

[0011] The injector is connected to the sand outlet pipe of the sand storage cylinder and is used to connect to an external compressed air pipeline;

[0012] It also includes: a material guiding and regulating mechanism, which includes a mounting cover plate slidably disposed in the top port of the sand storage cylinder, a material guiding component fixed in the sand storage cylinder, a rotating rod disposed in the sand storage cylinder and vertically inserted in the material guiding component, a conical column disposed on the rotating rod for controlling the sand and gravel flow rate, and a DC servo motor fixed on the mounting cover plate and whose main shaft is connected to the rotating rod;

[0013] The material guide includes a conical panel and a conical cylinder fixedly embedded thereon. The conical column is located inside the conical cylinder and is used to cooperate with the conical cylinder to break up agglomerated sand particles and control the flow rate of falling sand and gravel.

[0014] A lifting structure is installed on the sand storage cylinder and connected to the mounting cover plate. It is used to drive the material guiding and regulating mechanism to lift and lower, so that the conical column can be engaged or disengaged from the conical cylinder to control the entry and exit of sand and gravel.

[0015] As a type of intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, the conical cylinder has a buffer layer inside, an annular rubber buffer pad is fixedly installed inside the buffer layer, and a wear-resistant bushing is fixedly installed on the inner side of the annular rubber buffer pad. The wear-resistant bushing is made of one of hard alloy or ceramic.

[0016] As a type of intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, the side of the rotating rod is also provided with a pair of scrapers, each of which is in contact with the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder to clean the sand particles attached to the inner wall.

[0017] As a type of intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, the bottom end of the rotating rod extends to the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder, and a spiral blade is fixedly sleeved at the bottom.

[0018] As a locomotive intelligent sand spreader of the above-mentioned technology, the lifting structure includes fixed seats fixed to both sides of the outside of the sand storage cylinder and an electric lifting rod fixed to each fixed seat;

[0019] And a connecting block fixed to the end of the electric lifting rod, the two connecting blocks being fixed to both sides of the surface of the mounting cover plate respectively.

[0020] As a locomotive intelligent sand spreader of the above-mentioned technology, a limiting groove is opened on the inner wall of the top port of the sand storage cylinder, the top of the limiting groove extends to the edge of the port, and the side of the mounting cover is fixedly connected to a limiting guide block at the position corresponding to each limiting groove, and the limiting guide block is slidably disposed in the limiting groove.

[0021] As a type of intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, a heating layer is provided between the inner and outer walls of the sand storage cylinder, and an annular electric heating plate is fixedly installed inside the heating layer.

[0022] As a locomotive intelligent sand spreader of the above-mentioned technology, the sprayer is a three-way structure cavity. The sprayer is provided with an upper interface, a side interface and a side outlet. The upper interface is connected to the bottom surface of the sand outlet pipe, the side interface is used to connect to the compressed air pipeline, and the side outlet is used to connect to the sand spreading pipe leading to the wheel rail.

[0023] As a locomotive intelligent sand spreader of the above technology, it also includes a monitoring unit, which includes a non-contact level sensor installed on the side wall of the sand storage cylinder for detecting the remaining sand.

[0024] The non-contact level sensor is equipped with a first pressure sensor installed at the inlet end of the sand-spreading pipe and a second pressure sensor installed at the outlet end of the sand-spreading pipe. The non-contact level sensor is either an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor.

[0025] As a locomotive intelligent sand spreader of the above-mentioned technology, the monitoring unit also includes a controller, and the signal output terminals of the non-contact level sensor, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are all connected to the controller.

[0026] In summary, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technology in the intelligent sand spreader for locomotives, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] (1) This invention uses a linkage structure between a conical column and a conical cylinder to place the conical column inside the conical cylinder and achieve relative movement between the two under the drive of a DC servo motor. Compared with the traditional sand spreader that uses a fixed-opening sand outlet channel or a simple solenoid valve to control the airflow, the annular gap between the conical column and the conical cylinder in this invention can both squeeze and shear the agglomerated sand particles, dynamically adjust the flow cross-sectional area, and realize the automatic crushing of agglomerated sand particles, and can continuously and accurately control the amount of sand spread. The linkage between the two integrates the two functions of crushing agglomerated particles and adjusting the flow rate into the same mechanical structure. While ensuring smooth sand discharge, it effectively solves the problem that the amount of sand spread is difficult to adjust flexibly according to the working conditions in the traditional method. It avoids the decrease in adhesion performance caused by insufficient sand spread at high speed and heavy load, and also avoids the waste of sand at low speed and light load.

[0028] (2) This invention, through the linkage of the lifting structure and the material guiding and regulating mechanism, connects the lifting structure to the mounting cover plate, driving the entire material guiding and regulating mechanism to rise and fall as a whole, so that the conical column can be engaged or disengaged from the conical cylinder according to the working conditions. Compared with the fixed installation of the sand outlet and the material guiding structure in traditional sand spreaders, which cannot be easily separated, the linkage of the lifting structure and the material guiding and regulating mechanism in this invention enables rapid switching between working and maintenance states: In normal working state, the lifting structure keeps the conical column inside the conical cylinder, ensuring the normal operation of the crushing and flow regulation functions; when cleaning and maintenance are required, the lifting structure lifts the mounting cover plate, driving the rotating rod and the conical column to rise and disengage from the conical cylinder, thereby opening the sand outlet channel for quick removal of accumulated sand particles or foreign objects. The linkage between the two enables the equipment to maintain a compact structure and stable function during operation, and to achieve rapid separation and convenient operation during maintenance, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty and time costs.

[0029] (3) By setting a pair of scrapers that fit against the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder on the side of the rotating rod and fixing a spiral blade at the bottom of the rotating rod, the present invention can continuously scrape off the sand particles attached to the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder when the rotating rod rotates, preventing the sand particles from accumulating and forming scale over a long period of time; the spiral blade can force the sand particles at the bottom of the sand storage cylinder to be pushed downward to the sand outlet pipe, avoiding the sand particles from lingering at the bottom and significantly improving the smoothness of sand discharge.

[0030] (4) By setting a heating layer and an annular electric heating plate between the inner and outer walls of the sand storage cylinder, the present invention can actively heat and dry the inside of the sand storage cylinder compared with the traditional sand spreader, effectively preventing the sand particles from getting damp and clumping, reducing the risk of blockage from the source, and is suitable for operating environments with high humidity or large temperature differences.

[0031] (5) By setting up a monitoring unit, including a non-contact level sensor, a first pressure sensor installed at the inlet end of the sand spreading pipe and a second pressure sensor installed at the outlet end, and a controller, this invention can monitor the remaining sand and the pressure difference between the front and rear ends of the sand spreading pipe in real time compared with traditional sand spreaders. The controller judges whether there is a blockage or insufficient sand based on the sensor signal and issues an early warning or automatically adjusts the sand spreading parameters, thereby realizing intelligent closed-loop control of the sand spreading state and significantly improving the reliability of the sand spreading system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure according to the present invention (with the cover plate raised) is shown;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sand storage cylinder according to the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the material guiding and controlling mechanism (state one) according to the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the material guiding and controlling mechanism (state two) according to the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the guide component structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 7 A front view cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the sand storage cylinder and the material guiding and regulating mechanism according to the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 8 A top view of the cross-sectional structure of the sand storage cylinder according to the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 9 A block diagram illustrating the logic control principle of the monitoring unit according to the present invention is shown.

[0041] Legend:

[0042] 1. Injector; 11. Side outlet; 12. Upper interface; 13. Side interface;

[0043] 2. Sand storage cylinder; 21. Sand outlet pipe; 22. Limiting slide groove; 23. Limiting guide block; 201. Heating layer; 202. Annular electric heating plate;

[0044] 3. Lifting structure; 31. Connecting block; 32. Electric lifting rod; 33. Fixed base;

[0045] 4. Material guiding and control mechanism; 41. Mounting cover plate; 42. DC servo motor; 43. Material guiding component; 431. Conical panel; 432. Conical cylinder; 44. Rotating rod; 441. Spiral blade; 45. Conical column; 46. Scraper; 401. Buffer layer; 402. Annular rubber buffer pad; 403. Wear-resistant bushing;

[0046] 5. Monitoring unit; 51. Non-contact level sensor; 52. First pressure sensor; 53. Second pressure sensor; 54. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical specifications of an intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] Combination Figures 1-9 This embodiment provides a locomotive intelligent sand spreader, including a sand storage cylinder 2, an injector 1, a material guiding and regulating mechanism 4, and a lifting structure 3.

[0050] Specifically, a sand outlet pipe 21 is provided on the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder 2, and the ejector 1 is connected to the sand outlet pipe 21; the sand storage cylinder 2 is used to store sand particles, and a heating layer 201 is provided between its inner and outer walls. An annular electric heating plate 202 is fixedly installed in the heating layer 201 to heat and dry the inside of the sand storage cylinder 2 and prevent the sand particles from getting damp and clumping.

[0051] The material guiding and control mechanism 4 includes a mounting cover plate 41 that is slidably disposed in the top port of the sand storage cylinder 2, a material guiding component 43 fixed in the sand storage cylinder 2, a rotating rod 44 that is vertically inserted in the material guiding component 43, a conical column 45 disposed on the rotating rod 44, and a DC servo motor 42 that is fixed on the mounting cover plate 41 and whose main shaft is connected to the rotating rod 44.

[0052] The guide component 43 includes a conical plate 431 and a conical cylinder 432 fixedly embedded thereon. A conical column 45 is located inside the conical cylinder 432 and is used to cooperate with the conical cylinder 432 to crush agglomerated sand particles and control the sand and gravel flow rate. It should be noted that the outer conical surface of the conical column 45 is provided with at least two conical surface segments with different cone angles in sequence along the axial direction, and the inner wall of the conical cylinder 432 is provided with a matching conical surface corresponding to the conical surface segment. When the conical column 45 is in different lifting positions, the different conical surface segments interact with the matching conical surface to realize the functions of rapid on / off switching, precise flow rate adjustment, and enhanced crushing, respectively.

[0053] The lifting structure 3 is installed on the sand storage cylinder 2 and connected to the mounting cover plate 41. The lifting structure 3 includes fixed seats 33 fixed on both sides of the outside of the sand storage cylinder 2, electric lifting rods 32 fixed on each fixed seat 33, and connecting blocks 31 fixed to the end of the electric lifting rods 32. The two connecting blocks 31 are respectively fixed on both sides of the surface of the mounting cover plate 41. The electric lifting rods 32 are used to drive the material guiding and regulating mechanism 4 to lift as a whole, so that the conical column 45 can be inserted into or removed from the conical cylinder 432 to control the entry and exit of sand and gravel.

[0054] Under normal operating conditions, the electric lifting rod 32 drives the mounting cover plate 41 to slide downward along the limiting groove 22 via the connecting block 31, so that the conical column 45 at the bottom of the rotating rod 44 accurately engages inside the conical cylinder 432, forming an annular flow gap. After the DC servo motor 42 starts, the main shaft drives the rotating rod 44 to rotate, and the conical column 45 rotates accordingly, cooperating with the conical cylinder 432 to squeeze and shear the agglomerated sand particles. By controlling the rotation angle or lifting position of the conical column 45, the flow cross-sectional area is dynamically adjusted to achieve precise control of the sand spreading amount. The crushed sand particles enter the ejector 1 through the sand outlet pipe 21; the ejector 1 is a three-way structure cavity, with its upper interface 12 connected to the bottom surface of the sand outlet pipe 21, its side interface 13 connected to the compressed air pipeline, and its side outlet 11 connected to the sand spreading pipe leading to the wheel rail. Compressed air carries the sand particles and sprays them out from the side outlet 11 to achieve sand spreading and thickening. This part is prior art, and the working principle has been disclosed, so it will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0055] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, in order to ensure the stability of the lifting process of the cover plate 41, a limiting groove 22 is provided on the inner wall of the top port of the sand storage cylinder 2. The top of the limiting groove 22 extends to the edge of the port. The side of the cover plate 41 is fixedly connected to a limiting guide block 23 at the position corresponding to each limiting groove 22. The limiting guide block 23 is slidably disposed in the limiting groove 22.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Combination Figures 1-9 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further optimizes the internal structure of the conical cylinder 432 to address the problem of potential damage caused by excessive pressure in the traditional conical cylinder 432, thereby improving the wear resistance and impact resistance of the equipment.

[0058] Specifically, a buffer layer 401 is provided inside the conical cylinder 432, an annular rubber buffer pad 402 is fixedly provided inside the buffer layer 401, and a wear-resistant bushing 403 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the annular rubber buffer pad 402. The wear-resistant bushing 403 is made of either hard alloy or ceramic material.

[0059] The annular rubber buffer pad 402 can absorb the impact and vibration generated during the relative movement of the conical column 45 and the conical cylinder 432, reduce the operating noise of the equipment, and protect the conical cylinder 432 body from damage; the wear-resistant bushing 403 significantly improves the wear resistance of the conical cylinder 432 and extends the service life of the equipment, especially suitable for long-term, high-frequency sand spreading operations.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Combination Figures 1-9Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment adds a scraper 46 and a spiral blade 441 to solve the problem of sand blockage and insufficient flow in traditional sand spreaders, so as to further improve the smoothness and reliability of sand discharge.

[0062] Specifically, a pair of scrapers 46 are provided on the side of the rotating rod 44. Each scraper 46 is in contact with the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder 2 to clean the sand particles attached to the inner wall. The bottom end of the rotating rod 44 extends to the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder 2 and a spiral blade 441 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom.

[0063] As the rotating rod 44 rotates, the scraper 46 continuously scrapes away the sand particles adhering to the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder 2 to prevent the sand particles from accumulating and forming scale over a long period of time; the spiral blade 441 forces the sand particles at the bottom of the sand storage cylinder 2 downward to the sand outlet pipe 21 to avoid the sand particles from stagnating or bridging at the bottom, ensuring continuous and smooth sand discharge. This embodiment is particularly suitable for harsh working conditions where the sand particles have high moisture content or poor fluidity.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Combination Figure 9 Based on any one of the embodiments from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3, this embodiment adds a monitoring unit 5 to solve the problem that traditional sand spreaders have difficulty in controlling the amount of sand remaining in the sand box and the sand discharge status, so as to realize intelligent monitoring and closed-loop control of the sand spreading process.

[0066] The monitoring unit 5 includes a non-contact level sensor 51, a first pressure sensor 52, a second pressure sensor 53, and a controller 54. The non-contact level sensor 51 is installed on the side wall of the sand storage cylinder 2 and uses an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor to detect the remaining sand in real time.

[0067] The first pressure sensor 52 is installed at the inlet end of the sand-spreading pipe, and the second pressure sensor 53 is installed at the outlet end of the sand-spreading pipe. The signal output terminals of the non-contact level sensor 51, the first pressure sensor 52, and the second pressure sensor 53 are all connected to the controller 54. It should be noted that the circuit control principle of this part has been disclosed and will not be described in detail in this embodiment. The specific control principle is as follows:

[0068] The controller 54 calculates the remaining sand level in the sand box based on the signal from the non-contact level sensor 51. When the remaining level is lower than a preset threshold, it issues a warning signal. Simultaneously, the controller 54 determines whether there is a risk of blockage in the sand spreading pipe based on the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor 52 and the second pressure sensor 53. When the pressure difference exceeds a set value, it determines that the sand spreading pipe is blocked, issues an alarm, and automatically adjusts the sand spreading parameters or triggers backflushing for cleaning. Furthermore, the controller 54 can dynamically adjust the speed of the DC servo motor 42 and the movement of the lifting structure 3 based on parameters such as the locomotive's current speed, load, track gradient, and wheel-rail adhesion status, achieving intelligent closed-loop control of "monitoring—judgment—adjustment—feedback" to ensure the sand spreading system is always in optimal working condition.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] Combination Figures 1-9 This embodiment provides the operating method of the equipment when it is under maintenance or when sand spreading is stopped.

[0071] When it is necessary to clean the inside of the sand storage cylinder 2 or to stop sand spreading, the electric lifting rod 32 drives the mounting cover plate 41 to rise upwards, and the conical column 45 rises accordingly and completely disengages from the conical cylinder 432, fully opening the annular gap. At this time, the operator can easily clean the sand particles or foreign objects accumulated inside the sand storage cylinder 2 without disassembling a large number of parts, greatly reducing the difficulty of maintenance and time costs;

[0072] Meanwhile, the annular electric heating plate 202 inside the heating layer 201 can be actively activated according to the ambient humidity to heat and dry the inside of the sand storage cylinder 2, preventing the sand particles from becoming damp and clumping. This embodiment enables the equipment to maintain a compact structure and stable function during operation, while also allowing for quick separation and convenient operation during maintenance.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] Combination Figures 1-9 This embodiment further explains the specific structure of the injector 1.

[0075] The injector 1 is a three-way cavity with an upper interface 12, a side interface 13 and a side outlet 11.

[0076] The upper interface 12 is connected to the bottom surface of the sand outlet pipe 21 and is used to receive sand particles from the sand storage cylinder 2. The side interface 13 is used to connect to the compressed air pipeline to provide the air source power required for sand spreading. The side outlet 11 is used to connect to the sand spreading pipe leading to the wheel rail and spray the mixture of sand particles and high-pressure gas onto the wheel rail contact surface.

[0077] In this embodiment, the injector 1 can be integrally cast or machined from metal to ensure its structural strength and sealing performance under high-pressure gas impact. The compressed air pipeline can be equipped with a pressure regulating valve to adjust the gas pressure according to actual needs, thereby controlling the spraying distance and diffusion range of sand. This part is prior art, and its working principle has been disclosed.

[0078] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this solution by those skilled in the art, the working principle of this solution will now be briefly explained in conjunction with specific application scenarios:

[0079] Combination Figures 1-9 The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives provided by this invention includes two states: normal working state (sand spreading state) and maintenance or sand spreading stopped state.

[0080] Normal working state (sand spreading state): First, the on-site staff starts the electric lifting rod 32, allowing the connecting block 31 to drive the mounting cover plate 41 to slide down along the limiting slide groove 22, so that the conical column 45 at the bottom of the rotating rod 44 is accurately inserted into the conical cylinder 432 of the guide component 43, forming an annular flow gap between the conical column 45 and the conical cylinder 432; then the DC servo motor 42 starts, the main shaft drives the rotating rod 44 to rotate, and the conical column 45 on the rotating rod 44 rotates accordingly. The relative movement between the conical column 45 and the conical cylinder 432 exerts a squeezing and shearing effect on the agglomerated sand particles falling into the gap, breaking them into fine particles and preventing blockage.

[0081] The controller 54 calculates the required amount of sand to be spread based on parameters such as the locomotive's current speed, load, track gradient, and wheel-rail adhesion status. It then sends commands to the DC servo motor 42 to precisely control the rotation angle or lifting height of the conical column 45, changing the cross-sectional area between the conical column 45 and the conical cylinder 432, thereby adjusting the sand drop flow rate. After being collected by the conical panel 431, the sand particles enter the injector 1 through the sand outlet pipe 21. Simultaneously, high-pressure gas is introduced into the injector 1 through the compressed air pipeline via the side interface 13. This high-pressure gas carries the sand particles and is ejected from the side outlet 11, guided through the sand spreading pipe to the locomotive wheel-rail contact surface, thus increasing adhesion.

[0082] During this process, while the rotating rod 44 rotates, the scraper 46 on the side continuously scrapes away the sand particles attached to the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder 2; the spiral blade 441 at the bottom forces the sand particles downward to the sand outlet pipe 21 to ensure continuous and smooth sand discharge.

[0083] During the sandblasting process, the non-contact level sensor 51 detects the remaining sand in real time. When the remaining sand is lower than the preset threshold, the controller 54 issues an early warning signal. The first pressure sensor 52 and the second pressure sensor 53 detect the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the sand spraying pipe, respectively. The controller 54 calculates the pressure difference. When the pressure difference exceeds the set value, it is determined that there is a risk of blockage in the sand spraying pipe. An alarm is issued and the sand spraying parameters are automatically adjusted or backflushing is triggered.

[0084] Maintenance or Stopping Sand Spreading: When it is necessary to clean the inside of the sand storage cylinder 2 or stop sand spreading, the electric lifting rod 32 drives the mounting cover plate 41 to rise upwards, and the conical column 45 rises accordingly and completely separates from the conical cylinder 432, fully opening the annular gap, making it easy for operators to clean the accumulated sand particles or foreign objects inside. At the same time, the annular electric heating plate 202 in the heating layer 201 can be actively turned on according to the ambient humidity to heat and dry the inside of the sand storage cylinder 2, preventing the sand particles from getting damp and clumping.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the present invention's intelligent sand spreader for locomotives and its inventive concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A locomotive intelligent sand spreader, comprising: Sand storage cylinder (2), with a sand outlet pipe (21) provided on the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder (2); The ejector (1) is connected to the sand outlet pipe (21) of the sand storage cylinder (2) and is used to connect to the external compressed air pipeline; The feature is that it further includes: a material guiding and regulating mechanism (4), which includes an installation cover plate (41) slidably disposed in the top port of the sand storage cylinder (2), a material guiding component (43) fixed in the sand storage cylinder (2), a rotating rod (44) disposed in the sand storage cylinder (2) and vertically inserted in the material guiding component (43), a conical column (45) disposed on the rotating rod (44) for controlling the flow rate of sand and gravel, and a DC servo motor (42) fixed on the installation cover plate (41) and whose main shaft is connected to the rotating rod (44); The guide (43) includes a conical panel (431) and a conical cylinder (432) fixedly embedded thereon. The conical column (45) is located inside the conical cylinder (432) and is used to cooperate with the conical cylinder (432) to break up agglomerated sand particles and control the flow rate of falling sand and gravel. The lifting structure (3) is installed on the sand storage cylinder (2) and connected to the mounting cover plate (41) to drive the material guiding and regulating mechanism (4) to lift and lower, so that the conical column (45) can be inserted into or removed from the conical cylinder (432) to control the entry and exit of sand and gravel.

2. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical cylinder (432) has a buffer layer (401) inside, and an annular rubber buffer pad (402) is fixedly installed inside the buffer layer (401). A wear-resistant bushing (403) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the annular rubber buffer pad (402). The wear-resistant bushing (403) is made of hard alloy or ceramic.

3. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating rod (44) is also provided with a pair of scrapers (46) on its side. Each scraper (46) is in contact with the inner wall of the sand storage cylinder (2) and is used to clean the sand particles attached to the inner wall.

4. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end of the rotating rod (44) extends to the bottom surface of the sand storage cylinder (2), and a spiral blade (441) is fixedly sleeved at the bottom.

5. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting structure (3) includes fixed seats (33) fixed on both sides of the outside of the sand storage cylinder (2) and electric lifting rods (32) fixed on each fixed seat (33). And a connecting block (31) fixed to the end of the electric lifting rod (32), the two connecting blocks (31) being fixed to the two sides of the surface of the mounting cover plate (41).

6. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sand storage cylinder (2) has a limiting groove (22) on the inner wall of the top port. The top of the limiting groove (22) extends to the edge of the port. The side of the mounting cover plate (41) is fixedly connected to a limiting guide block (23) at the position corresponding to each limiting groove (22). The limiting guide block (23) is slidably disposed in the limiting groove (22).

7. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heating layer (201) is provided between the inner and outer walls of the sand storage cylinder (2), and an annular electric heating plate (202) is fixedly installed inside the heating layer (201).

8. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector (1) is a three-way cavity. The injector (1) is provided with an upper interface (12), a side interface (13) and a side outlet (11). The upper interface (12) is connected to the bottom surface of the sand outlet pipe (21). The side interface (13) is used to connect to the compressed air pipeline. The side outlet (11) is used to connect to the sand spreading pipe leading to the wheel rail.

9. The intelligent sand spreader for locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a monitoring unit (5), which includes a non-contact level sensor (51) installed on the side wall of the sand storage cylinder (2) for detecting the remaining amount of sand. The non-contact level sensor (51) is equipped with a first pressure sensor (52) installed at the inlet end of the sand-spreading pipe and a second pressure sensor (53) installed at the outlet end of the sand-spreading pipe. The non-contact level sensor (51) is either an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor.

10. A locomotive intelligent sand spreader according to claim 9, characterized in that, The monitoring unit (5) also includes a controller (54), and the signal output terminals of the non-contact level sensor (51), the first pressure sensor (52), and the second pressure sensor (53) are all connected to the controller (54).

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