Method for mining steeply inclined thin vein based on combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes

Abstract

The application provides a steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, and relates to the technical field of mine exploitation. The application divides the to-be-mined ore body into a first mining section and a second mining section. In the first mining section, a stage transportation roadway and an in-vein drilling roadway are excavated. In the first mining section, a vein-penetrating ore-out roadway connecting the stage transportation roadway and the in-vein drilling roadway and a connecting stage transportation roadway connecting the connecting stage transportation roadway and an external transportation roadway are excavated. A central raise is excavated in the middle of the to-be-mined ore body along the vertical direction and is connected with the in-vein drilling roadway. In the second mining section, a segmented drilling chamber connected with the central raise is formed. Parallel medium-length holes are drilled from the in-vein drilling roadway to the first mining section, and fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled from the segmented drilling chamber to the second mining section. The first mining section is blasted and mined through the parallel medium-length holes, and the second mining section is blasted and mined through the fan-shaped medium-length holes. The blasted ore body is transported out through the transportation roadway, thereby realizing efficient mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on a combination of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes. Background Technology

[0002] Steeply dipping thin ore bodies typically refer to ore bodies with a dip angle greater than 50° and a thickness of less than 5 meters, commonly found in precious metal deposits such as gold, silver, and tungsten. These ore bodies have complex shapes and relatively small thicknesses, resulting in narrow working spaces in the mining area.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used mining methods mainly include the upward horizontal layered filling method, the wall cutting filling method, and the shallow hole ore retention method. However, when using these methods to mine steeply inclined thin ore bodies, they generally face technical challenges such as large mining and cutting workload and long construction period.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve efficient mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for mining steeply dipping thin veins based on a combination of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, aiming to solve the problem of how to improve the mining efficiency of steeply dipping thin veins.

[0006] This application provides a method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on a combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, including: The ore body to be mined is vertically divided into a first mining section and at least one second mining section located above the first mining section. Within the first mining section, a stage transport roadway and an intra-vein drilling roadway extending along the strike direction of the ore body to be mined are excavated, and the stage transport roadway and the intra-vein drilling roadway are arranged parallel to the strike direction of the ore body to be mined; within the first mining section, a cross-vein ore extraction roadway connecting the stage transport roadway and the intra-vein drilling roadway, as well as a transport roadway connecting the stage transport roadway with the outside are excavated. A central well is excavated at the middle position of the ore body to be mined, which is vertically inclined and runs through the ore body and is connected to the vein ore exit roadway. In each second mining section, a segmented rock drilling chamber is excavated and connected to the central well. The first mining section is drilled from the drilling tunnel within the vein to form parallel medium-deep holes, and the second mining section is drilled from the segmented drilling chamber to form fan-shaped medium-deep holes. Using the central well as the initial free surface and compensation space, the first mining section is blasted and mined sequentially through the parallel medium-deep holes, and the second mining section is blasted and mined through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The blasted ore body is then transported out through the transport roadway.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for blasting and mining the first mining section through parallel medium-deep holes includes: Starting from the central well, reverse blasting and mining are carried out sequentially to the opposite sides of the central well.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for blasting and mining the second mining section through fan-shaped deep holes includes: The deep holes in the sector are detonated in segments along a direction perpendicular to the sector surface.

[0009] Further, the method of sequentially blasting and mining the first mining section through the parallel medium-deep holes, blasting and mining the second mining section through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes, and transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway includes: First, explosives are loaded into the parallel medium-deep holes to blast the first mining section. Then, a portion of the blasted ore body is transported out, and the other portion of the blasted ore body is filled in to serve as a working platform for blasting the second mining section. Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the fan shape to blast the second mining section. Then, the remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section and the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section are all transported out through the transport roadway.

[0010] Furthermore, the second mining section comprises two sections divided vertically. Explosives are loaded into deep holes in a fan shape to blast the second mining section. The method for transporting all the remaining ore body from the first mining section and the second mining section through the transport roadway includes: Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the fan-shaped section of the second mining section below to blast the second mining section below. A portion of the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section below is transported out, and the remaining portion of the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section below is filled in to serve as a working platform for blasting the second mining section above. Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the fan-shaped section of the second mining section above to blast the second mining section above. The remaining ore body after blasting in the first mining section, the remaining ore body after blasting in the second mining section below, and the ore body after blasting in the second mining section above are all transported out through the transport tunnel.

[0011] Furthermore, the mining method also includes providing pedestrian ventilation wells that are vertically inclined and penetrate the ore body at both ends of the ore body to be mined.

[0012] Furthermore, before the step of blasting and mining the second mining section, the mining method further includes: setting up a stope connecting roadway on the second mining section that is connected to the pedestrian ventilation shaft at one end; After the step of transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway, the mining method further includes: constructing retaining walls at the vein ore extraction roadway and the stope connecting roadway.

[0013] Furthermore, the transport roadway includes a horizontally extending chute connecting roadway and a vertically extending chute. One end of the chute connecting roadway is connected to the stage transport roadway, and the other end of the chute connecting roadway is connected to one end of the chute. The other end of the chute extends to the adjacent stage chute connecting roadway of the ore body to be mined.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for transporting the blasted ore body out via the transport roadway includes: The blasted ore body is transported out sequentially through the connecting roadway and the ore pass by a combination of gravity-driven ore passage and mechanical transport equipment.

[0015] Furthermore, after the step of transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway, the mining method further includes: The goaf formed after the blasting and removal of the first and second mining sections is backfilled.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This application provides a method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on a combined arrangement of parallel and fan-shaped holes, comprising: dividing the ore body to be mined vertically into a first mining section and at least one second mining section located above the first mining section; excavating a stage transport roadway and an intra-vein drilling roadway extending along the strike direction of the ore body to be mined within the first mining section, wherein the stage transport roadway and the intra-vein drilling roadway are arranged parallel to the strike direction of the ore body to be mined, i.e., spaced apart along the horizontal thickness direction; excavating a cross-vein ore extraction roadway connecting the stage transport roadway and the intra-vein drilling roadway, and a transport roadway connecting the stage transport roadway to the outside, within the first mining section for the subsequent ore body transportation operation; excavating a central riser at the middle position of the ore body to be mined, vertically inclined through the ore body and connected to the intra-vein drilling roadway, and excavating a segmented drilling chamber connected to the central riser within each second mining section. Parallel medium-deep holes are drilled in the internal drilling tunnel to form the first mining section, and fan-shaped medium-deep holes are drilled in the segmented drilling chamber to form the second mining section. The central riser serves as the initial free surface and compensation space. The first mining section is blasted and mined sequentially through the parallel medium-deep holes, and the second mining section is blasted and mined sequentially through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The blasted ore body is then transported out through the transport tunnel, thereby achieving efficient and safe mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies.

[0017] In other words, the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel and fan-shaped holes in this application employs a hole layout combining parallel medium-deep holes and fan-shaped medium-deep holes. Simultaneously, by setting up a central raise that can be used for ventilation and providing blasting compensation space, and by setting up segmented drilling chambers on both sides of the central raise, the amount of work required for additional segmented drilling roadways in the second mining section for drilling operations and transportation can be eliminated, thereby significantly reducing the amount of mining and cutting work. Furthermore, the central raise can be used as a cutting channel to increase the operating space and further reduce the amount of mining and cutting work, thus effectively improving mining efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mining process of a steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on a combination of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, as shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ore body to be mined when the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, as shown in the embodiment of this application, is used to mine the ore body to be mined. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along AA; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along BB; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-differential blasting segmentation of the fan-shaped deep holes in the second mining section as shown in the embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of two sets of fan-shaped medium-deep holes in the second mining section along the thickness direction of the ore body to be mined, as illustrated in the embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the first mining section of the ore body to be mined after the completion of ore extraction using the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes as shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the second mining section below the ore body to be mined, after the ore has been extracted using the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, as shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the second mining section above the ore body to be mined, after the completion of ore extraction using the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, as shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Ore body to be mined; 110. First mining section; 120. Second mining section; 130. Stage transport roadway; 140. Intravesical drilling roadway; 150. Through-ves ore extraction roadway; 160. Transport roadway; 161. Passage connecting roadway; 162. Passage; 170. Top pillar; 180. Interstitial pillar; 190. Filling material; 200. Central raise; 300. Segmented drilling chamber; 400. Parallel medium-deep hole; 500. Fan-shaped medium-deep hole; 600. Pedestrian ventilation raise; 700. Stope connecting roadway; 800. Ore body after blasting. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0022] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0023] Steeply dipping thin ore bodies typically refer to ore bodies with a dip angle greater than 50° and a thickness of less than 5 meters, commonly found in precious metal deposits such as gold, silver, and tungsten. These ore bodies have complex shapes and relatively small thicknesses, resulting in narrow working spaces in the mining area.

[0024] Taking a gold mine in Liaoning Province as an example: the gold in the mining area is produced by veins, with more than 60 veins, mostly quartz-sulfide composite veins. The veins are generally 150m to 500m long, with the longest exceeding 1000m, and the ore body thickness is 0.2m to 3m, with dip angles of 65° to 80°. The veins vary in depth, with the main vein extending over 720m, while some are only 100m to 150m deep. The surrounding rocks are andesite, rhyolite, brecciated lava, and pyrite-mineralized and silicified altered rocks. The veins mainly occur along structural fracture zones or alteration zones, and their integrity and stability are relatively poor compared to the top and bottom surrounding rocks, resulting in frequent rockfalls during construction and poor engineering geological conditions. Currently, the main mining methods used are upward layered backfilling, shallow-hole ore retention, and wall-cutting backfilling. During mining, the exposed area of ​​the stope roof is large, temporary support is labor-intensive, production efficiency is low, and the ore dilution rate is as high as 50% or more.

[0025] To solve the above technical problems, refer to Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this application provides a method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on a combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, specifically including the following steps: Step S101: Divide the ore body 100 to be mined vertically into a first mining section 110 and at least one second mining section 120 located above the first mining section 110.

[0026] Step S102: Within the first mining section 110, a stage transport roadway 130 and an intra-vein drilling roadway 140 extending along the strike direction of the ore body 100 to be mined are excavated, and the stage transport roadway 130 and the intra-vein drilling roadway 140 are arranged parallel to the strike direction of the ore body 100 to be mined; Within the first mining section 110, a cross-vein ore extraction roadway 150 connecting the stage transport roadway 130 and the intra-vein drilling roadway 140 and a transport roadway 160 connecting the stage transport roadway 130 with the outside are excavated.

[0027] Step S103: A central well 200 is excavated at the middle position of the ore body 100 to be mined, which is inclined vertically through the ore body 100 and connected to the drilling tunnel 140 in the vein. In addition, a segmented drilling chamber 300 connected to the central well 200 is excavated in each second mining section 120.

[0028] Step S104: Drill parallel medium-deep holes 400 in the first mining section 110 from the internal rock drilling tunnel 140, and drill fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 in the second mining section 120 from the segmented rock drilling chamber 300.

[0029] Step S105: Using the central well 200 as the initial free surface and compensation space, the first mining section 110 is blasted and mined sequentially through the parallel medium-deep holes 400, and the second mining section 120 is blasted and mined through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500. The blasted ore body 800 is then transported out through the transport roadway 160.

[0030] In practice, the ore body 100 to be mined is first divided. Specifically, in step S101, the ore body 100 can be divided into stages according to its height, and sequentially from bottom to top into a first mining section 110 and at least one second mining section 120. For example, it can be divided into a first mining section 110 and a second mining section 120 located on the first mining section 110, or it can be divided into a first mining section 110 and two or more second mining sections 120 located on the first mining section 110, with the two or more second mining sections 120 distributed sequentially from bottom to top. Both the first mining section 110 and the second mining section 120 are arranged along the orientation of the ore body 100 to be mined.

[0031] For example, the total height of the ore body 100 to be mined can be 40m to 50m, the height of the first mining section 110 and the second mining section 120 can be 10m to 20m, and the length of the ore body 100 to be mined can be 40m to 60m.

[0032] For example, the length of the ore body 100 to be mined can be 50m, the height 40m, the width 2m, and the dip angle 65°. In this embodiment, two second mining sections 120 can be set. At this time, the starting heights of the first mining section 110, the lower second mining section 120, and the upper second mining section 120 can be 0m, 14m, and 25m, respectively.

[0033] In addition, a 4m high top pillar 170 is left on the top of the ore body 100 to be mined, and a 4m wide interstitial pillar 180 is set on one side of the ore body 100 to be mined.

[0034] Then, the development and mining operations are carried out. Specifically, in step S102, mining is first carried out within the first mining section 110 to form a... Figure 4The stage transport roadway 130 extends in the x-direction, which is the orientation of the ore body 100 to be mined, or can be understood as the length direction of the ore body 100. Then, it is excavated inward along the horizontal thickness direction of the ore body 100 to form a cross-vein ore extraction roadway 150. Finally, at the end of the cross-vein ore extraction roadway 150, a section along... Figure 4 The vein drilling roadway 140 extending in the x-direction is shown, so that the stage transport roadway 130 and the vein drilling roadway 140 are spaced apart along the horizontal thickness direction of the ore body 100 to be mined, and can be configured as follows: Figure 4 The parallel arrangement is shown. Next, a connecting transport roadway 130 and an external transport roadway 160 are excavated within the first mining section 110, so that the mined ore body can be transported out.

[0035] Specifically, a cross-vein ore extraction roadway 150 can be excavated every 10m along the x-direction, thereby forming multiple cross-vein ore extraction roadways 150 that connect the drilling roadways 140 and the stage transport roadways 130 within the vein, so as to facilitate the transportation of the ore body.

[0036] It should be noted that in the mining and cutting process, the layout of the through-vein ore extraction roadway 150 should take into account the turning radius and operational convenience of the loader used for ore transport. Therefore, the through-vein ore extraction roadway 150 can be set to be non-perpendicular to the stage transport roadway 130, that is, the through-vein ore extraction roadway 150 can be set at an angle relative to the stage transport roadway 130. See the specific reference [reference needed]. Figure 4 As shown.

[0037] In step S103, a central well 200 is excavated at the middle of the ore body 100, vertically inclined and connected to the drilling roadway 140 within the vein. A segmented drilling chamber 300, connected to the central well 200, is also excavated within each second mining section 120. This allows for ventilation via the central well 200 and provides blasting compensation space for blasting operations in both the first and second mining sections 110 and 120, eliminating the need for additional excavation of cutting channels to provide blasting space. The segmented drilling chambers 300 on both sides of the central well 200 facilitate drilling of fan-shaped deep holes 500 in the second mining section 120 and can also be used for ore body transportation. This eliminates the need for additional excavation of segmented drilling roadways in the second mining section 120 for drilling operations and transportation, significantly reducing the amount of mining and cutting work.

[0038] Furthermore, the central raise 200 can be used as a slotting area, further reducing the amount of mining and cutting work, thereby effectively improving mining efficiency. It should be noted that slotting refers to the compensation space provided during ore body blasting to reduce the clamping effect during blasting.

[0039] For example, the central well 200 has a rectangular cross-section and serves as a ventilation and blasting compensation space. For example, the width of the central well 200 can be set to 2m, and the length is usually consistent with the thickness of the ore body 100 to be mined (maximum not exceeding 4m).

[0040] For example, segmented rock drilling chambers 300 can be excavated at heights of 14m and 25m in the central atrium 200. The cross-sectional dimensions of the segmented rock drilling chambers 300 are 2.5m by 2.5m, and the length is 3m.

[0041] Next, rock drilling and blasting will be carried out. Specifically, in step S104, multiple parallel rows of medium-deep holes 400 will be drilled upwards from the drilling tunnel 140 within the vein, and multiple rows of radially distributed fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 will be drilled from the segmented drilling chamber 300. Furthermore, when forming the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500, a section of ore body needs to be reserved as a blasting resistance line in the direction from the bottom of the hole towards the segmented drilling chamber 300 below. That is, the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 will not be drilled to the bottom at the location of the segmented drilling chamber 300 in the second mining section 120; instead, a section of ore body will be left unblasted. This reserved ore body serves as a blasting resistance line to prevent the blasting from directly impacting or affecting the segmented drilling chamber 300, thus avoiding damage to the surrounding rock and affecting its stability. It also avoids the safety hazards to workers below caused by blasting vibrations and flying rocks, as well as ventilation damage that affects the ventilation effect of the mining area.

[0042] The specific thickness of the blasting resistance line is determined based on the blasting design parameters, rock mass characteristics, and the safe permissible vibration velocity standard for a segmented drilling chamber of 300 mm.

[0043] Specifically, in rock drilling and blasting operations, multiple sets of fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 can be set according to the thickness of the ore body 100 to be mined. Each set includes multiple rows of radially distributed medium-deep holes. Usually, the number of holes in each row should be greater than 2, and the row spacing is 1.25m~1.5m.

[0044] During the blasting process in the first mining section 110, with the central raise 200 as the free face, two rows of parallel medium-deep holes 400 are blasted to both sides to form an initial cutting groove. Then, the remaining parallel medium-deep holes 400 in the first mining section 110 are blasted out in one pass. The second mining section 120 has a height of 10m to 15m and is blasted out using a single-pass ore-falling method.

[0045] For example, the first mining section 110 uses parallel medium-deep holes 400. The diameter of the blast holes of the parallel medium-deep holes 400 can be, for example, 67mm. The parallel medium-deep holes 400 are arranged in multiple rows with a row spacing of 1.5m. The parallel medium-deep holes 400 located at the bottom of the segmented drilling chamber 300 have a 1m resistance line with the bottom of the segmented drilling chamber 300, and the depth of the remaining parallel medium-deep holes 400 is 14m. The second mining section 120 uses double rows (i.e., each two adjacent rows of fan-shaped medium-deep holes arranged in a radial pattern are set as parallel double rows) of parallel-oriented fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500. The diameter of the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 is also 67mm, and the bottom distance of the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 in the same row is controlled within 1.5m.

[0046] For example, the YGZ-90 rail-mounted rotary rock drill can be used as a medium-deep hole drilling device, which can drill medium-deep holes with a depth of 15m to 20m and a diameter of 50mm to 80mm.

[0047] Step S105: Using the central well 200 as the initial free surface and compensation space, the first mining section 110 is blasted and mined sequentially through parallel medium-deep holes 400, and the second mining section 120 is blasted and mined through fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500. The blasted ore body 800 is then transported out through the transport roadway 160, thus completing the mining operation of the ore body 100 to be mined. Simultaneously, the ore body 100 to be mined adopts a bottomless structure design, and ore extraction is achieved through the through-vein ore extraction roadway 150 and the transport roadway 160.

[0048] For example, rock drilling operations can be carried out using a guide rail rotary rock drill, and ore body transportation and unloading operations can be carried out using a loader.

[0049] As described above, the steeply inclined thin vein mining method based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes in this embodiment adopts a hole layout combining parallel medium-deep holes 400 and fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500. At the same time, by setting up a central raise 200 that can be used for ventilation and providing blasting compensation space, and setting up segmented drilling chambers 300 on both sides of it, the amount of work required for drilling operations and transportation in the second mining section 120 can be eliminated, thereby significantly reducing the amount of mining and cutting work. In addition, the central raise 200 can be used as a cutting shaft, further reducing the amount of mining and cutting work, thereby effectively improving mining efficiency.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the method of blasting and mining the first mining section 110 through parallel medium-deep holes 400 includes: taking the central well 200 as the starting point and sequentially carrying out reverse blasting and mining on both sides of the central well 200.

[0051] In practice, when blasting and mining the first mining section 110, blasting and mining are carried out in reverse order from the central well 200 to both sides of the central well 200. That is, blasting is carried out from the central well 200 to both sides. In this way, the central well 200 can be used as a free face for blasting to provide blasting space, which facilitates the operation. At the same time, the central well 200 can also be used as a cutting channel for operation.

[0052] Reference Figure 2 , Figures 7 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the method of sequentially blasting and mining the first mining section 110 through parallel medium-deep holes 400 and the second mining section 120 through fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500, and then transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway 160 includes: First, explosives are loaded into the parallel medium-deep hole 400 to blast the first mining section 110. Then, a part of the blasted ore body 800 is transported out, and the remaining part of the blasted ore body 800 is filled in as a working platform for blasting the second mining section 120. Explosives were loaded into the deep hole 500 in the sector to blast the second mining section 120. Then, the remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section 110 and the ore body 800 after the blasting of the second mining section 120 were all transported out through the transport roadway 160.

[0053] That is, the first mining section 110 adopts partial ore release. When there are two or more second mining sections 120, the second mining sections 120 except the uppermost one adopt partial ore release. After the uppermost second mining section 120 is blasted, all the ore is released in a concentrated manner. This setting can use the goaf formed after the mining of the lower mining section as the free face and compensation space of the upper mining section.

[0054] In practical implementation, the parallel medium-deep hole 400 includes multiple rows of parallel medium-deep holes, thus presenting as follows: Figure 2 The diagram shows parallel, deep-penetrating boreholes 400 extending vertically in parallel. During the blasting of the first mining section 110, a charging machine can be used to charge the two rows of boreholes on either side of the central well 200 of the parallel, deep-penetrating boreholes 400 in the first mining section 110 via the vein drilling tunnel 140. An axially coupled charging method is used, with the detonating bomb placed at the bottom of the parallel, deep-penetrating boreholes 400. Specialized plugging material is used to fill the openings of the parallel, deep-penetrating boreholes 400, with a plugging length of 1 meter. The initial blast advances two rows to each side, creating a slotted space. Subsequently, a loader is used to scoop out the ore and transport it out via the transport tunnel 160. After ore extraction is completed, the remaining parallel, deep-penetrating boreholes 400 in the first mining section 110 are caved once.

[0055] Reference Figure 2 , Figures 7 to 9As shown, in some embodiments, the second mining section 120 comprises two sections sequentially divided vertically. Explosives are loaded into the deep holes 500 in the fan shape to blast the second mining section 120. The method for transporting the remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section 110 and the ore body 800 after the blasting of the second mining section 120 entirely out via the transport roadway 160 includes: Explosives are loaded into the deep hole 500 in the fan-shaped section 120 below to blast the section 120 below. A portion of the ore body after blasting the section 120 below is transported out. The remaining portion of the ore body 800 after blasting the section 120 below is filled in to serve as a working platform for blasting the section 120 above.

[0056] Explosives are loaded into the fan-shaped deep hole 500 of the upper second mining section 120 to blast the upper second mining section 120; the remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section 110, the remaining ore body after the blasting of the lower second mining section 120, and the ore body 800 after the blasting of the upper second mining section 120 are all transported out through the transport roadway 160.

[0057] In specific implementation, the second mining section 120 is used as an example for illustration as follows: During mining, in the first mining section 110, parallel medium-deep boreholes 400 are used for backfilling in a backward manner to both sides. At this time, the central raise 200 is used as the initial free face and compensation space to facilitate the backfilling operation. Then, a portion of the ore body in the first mining section 110 is transported out, and the remaining portion is filled in to form a working platform. Then, a caving operation is performed on the fan-shaped medium-deep boreholes 500 in the lower second mining section 120. The goaf formed in the first mining section 110 and the central raise 200 are used as the free face and compensation space to facilitate the backfilling operation. Then, a portion of the ore body in the lower second mining section 120 is transported out, and the remaining portion is filled in to form a working platform. Then, the backfilling operation in the upper second mining section 120 is the same as the mining method in the lower second mining section 120, using the goaf and central raise 200 of the lower second mining section 120 as the free face and compensation space for backfilling to achieve the backfilling operation.

[0058] For example, after the first mining section 110 collapses, 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the ore volume of the collapsed ore body 100 can be released. The remaining collapsed ore body serves as the working platform for charging explosives in the second mining section 120, maintaining a 2-2.5m working space between the collapsed ore surface and the bottom surface of the second mining section 120 as the explosives transport channel and charging space for the second mining section 120. After the fan-shaped deep hole 500 of the lower second mining section 120 collapses, approximately 1 / 7 to 1 / 8 of the total ore volume of the ore body 100 to be mined is released. The remaining collapsed ore body serves as the working platform for charging explosives in the upper second mining section 120. After the uppermost second mining section 120 collapses, all the ore is released in a concentrated manner.

[0059] Furthermore, it should be noted that during the mining of the second mining section 120, mining is carried out by advancing along the strike of the ore body 100 to improve mining efficiency and safety. Here, mining along the strike of the ore body 100 means that the advancing direction of the mining face is parallel to the strike of the ore body 100. This method is suitable for mining thin ore bodies.

[0060] Reference Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the method of blasting and mining the second mining section 120 through a fan-shaped deep hole 500 includes: The deep hole 500 in the sector is detonated in a segmented sequence along the direction perpendicular to the sector surface.

[0061] For example, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the fan-shaped deep hole 500 may include multiple rows of deep holes distributed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction and arranged radially, thus ultimately presenting a fan-shaped structure.

[0062] In practice, the second mining section 120 uses fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 for blasting, and 2-3 sets of fan-shaped medium-deep holes 500 can be arranged according to the thickness of the ore body 100 to be mined. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates cross-sectional views at different thicknesses on both sides, showing two sets of fan-shaped medium-depth holes 500mm in the thickness direction. Figure 6The diagram also illustrates two groups arranged in the thickness direction. The blasting of the 500mm deep-hole fan-shaped boreholes employs micro-delay initiation, meaning the boreholes are segmented perpendicular to the fan-shaped surface. Boreholes in the same row are detonated in the same segment. This means the 500mm deep-hole fan-shaped boreholes are grouped into "rows" perpendicular to the fan-shaped surface, with boreholes in the same row detonated in the same segment. There is a time delay between rows (e.g., 100ms interval). This arrangement allows the first row to create a free surface for subsequent rows, resulting in more thorough rock fragmentation and fewer large pieces. It also disperses the charge in each segment, reducing blasting vibration and protecting the surrounding rock and adjacent tunnels. Furthermore, it optimizes energy utilization, avoids rock clamping, and improves blasting efficiency.

[0063] For example, refer to Figure 5 As shown, a horizontally extending row of holes is set as the first segment. Then, along the circumference of the fan, it is divided into the second segment, the third segment, and so on, in a counterclockwise direction. The first segment can be detonated first, and after the first segment detonates, the second segment detonates after a preset time, and so on, to achieve segmented sequential detonation.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the mining method further includes providing pedestrian ventilation wells 600 that are vertically inclined and penetrate through the ore body 100 at both ends of the ore body 100 to be mined, so as to allow operators to enter and exit and to achieve ventilation.

[0065] For example, a ladder can be installed inside the pedestrian ventilation atrium 600 to facilitate access for operators.

[0066] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, before the step of blasting and mining the second mining section 120, the mining method further includes: setting up a mining access roadway 700 on the second mining section 120 that is connected to the pedestrian ventilation well 600 for construction access.

[0067] During the actual construction, a 5-meter-long connecting roadway 700 with a cross-sectional dimension of 2m by 2m can be excavated at the heights of 12m and 23m respectively in the pedestrian ventilation well 600.

[0068] Furthermore, after the blasted ore body 800 is transported out via the transport roadway 160, the mining method also includes: constructing retaining walls in the vein ore extraction roadway 150 and the stope connecting roadway 700. That is, during the backfilling process, before backfilling, a closed retaining wall needs to be constructed at the vein ore extraction roadway 150 and the stope connecting roadway 700. The already constructed central well 200 is used as a backfilling well and backfilling pipelines are laid to achieve a unidirectional feeding and four-sided closed layout. This allows the backfill material 190 to flow more evenly in the ore body 100 to be mined when backfilling the goaf, so that the strength distribution of the backfill structure formed after the backfill material 190 solidifies is uniform, thus effectively supporting the surrounding rock.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the transport roadway 160 includes a horizontally extending ore pass connecting roadway 161 and a vertically extending ore pass 162. One end of the ore pass connecting roadway 161 is connected to the stage transport roadway 130, and the other end of the ore pass connecting roadway 161 is connected to one end of the ore pass 162. The other end of the ore pass 162 extends to the adjacent stage ore pass connecting roadway of the ore body to be mined, so that the mined ore body can be transported sequentially through the ore pass connecting roadway 161 and the ore pass 162, thereby achieving smooth mining of the ore body.

[0070] In some embodiments, the method of transporting the blasted ore body 800 out via the transport roadway 160 includes: using a combination of gravity sluice and mechanical transport equipment to transport the blasted ore body 800 out sequentially via the ore pass connecting roadway 161 and the ore pass 162, so as to improve the transport efficiency.

[0071] For example, mechanical transport equipment may be a loader.

[0072] In some embodiments, after the step of transporting the blasted ore body 800 out via the transport roadway 160, the mining method further includes: The goaf formed after the blasting and removal of the first mining section 110 and the second mining section 120 is backfilled to control the ground pressure, create conditions for the mining of the adjacent ore body 100 to be mined, and realize the continuous advancement of mining and backfilling cycle.

[0073] Retaining walls were constructed in the ore extraction roadway 150 and the stope connecting roadway 700 to seal off the mining area. Subsequently, the goaf was filled with cemented backfill material made of waste rock and tailings.

[0074] Meanwhile, actual mining revealed that the exposed area of ​​the hanging wall surrounding rock in the ore body 100 was consistently less than 100m² during the mining process. 2No collapses or roof falls occurred during the trial. Furthermore, the mining capacity increased from 18 tons / day to 100 tons / day; compared to the original plan, the amount of preparatory work was reduced by more than 60%, and the mining-to-excavation ratio was 156 meters / 10,000 tons, significantly reducing the workload for workers.

[0075] In summary, the mining method of this embodiment successfully recovered the ore body 100, solving the technical bottleneck of medium-deep hole mining in steeply inclined thin veins. In application, it not only reduced the amount and cost of preparation work, but also significantly improved production efficiency and safety, while greatly increasing the ore output capacity of the stope, and has broad application value.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments of this application, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0077] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for mining steeply dipping thin veins based on a combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes, characterized in that, include: The ore body to be mined is vertically divided into a first mining section and at least one second mining section located above the first mining section. Within the first mining section, stage transport roadways and vein drilling roadways extending along the strike direction of the ore body to be mined are excavated, and the stage transport roadways and vein drilling roadways are arranged parallel to the strike direction of the ore body to be mined; within the first mining section, vein-crossing ore extraction roadways connecting the stage transport roadways and vein drilling roadways, as well as transport roadways connecting the stage transport roadways to the outside are excavated. A central well is excavated at the middle position of the ore body to be mined, which is vertically inclined and runs through the ore body and is connected to the drilling roadway in the vein. In each second mining section, a segmented drilling chamber is excavated and connected to the central well. The first mining section is drilled from the drilling tunnel within the vein to form parallel medium-deep holes, and the second mining section is drilled from the segmented drilling chamber to form fan-shaped medium-deep holes. Using the central well as the initial free surface and compensation space, the first mining section is blasted and mined sequentially through the parallel medium-deep holes, and the second mining section is blasted and mined through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The blasted ore body is then transported out through the transport roadway.

2. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for blasting and mining the first mining section through the parallel medium-deep holes includes: Starting from the central well, reverse blasting and mining are carried out sequentially to the opposite sides of the central well.

3. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for blasting and mining the second mining section through the fan-shaped deep holes includes: The deep holes in the sector are detonated in segments along a direction perpendicular to the sector surface.

4. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of sequentially blasting and mining the first mining section through the parallel medium-deep holes, blasting and mining the second mining section through the fan-shaped medium-deep holes, and transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway includes: First, explosives are loaded into the parallel medium-deep holes to blast the first mining section. Then, a portion of the ore body after the blasting of the first mining section is transported out, and the other portion of the ore body after blasting is filled in as a working platform for blasting the second mining section. Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the sector to blast the second mining section. Then, the remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section and the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section are all transported out through the transport roadway.

5. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second mining section comprises two sections divided vertically. Explosives are loaded into deep holes in the fan-shaped section to blast the second mining section. The remaining ore body after the blasting of the first mining section and the remaining ore body after the blasting of the second mining section are then transported out entirely via the transport roadway. The method includes: Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the fan-shaped section of the second mining section below to blast the second mining section below. A portion of the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section below is transported out, and the remaining portion of the ore body after the blasting of the second mining section below is filled in to serve as a working platform for blasting the second mining section above. Explosives are loaded into the deep holes in the fan-shaped section of the second mining section above to blast the second mining section above. All the remaining ore bodies after blasting in the first mining section, the remaining ore bodies after blasting in the second mining section below, and the ore bodies after blasting in the second mining section above will be transported out.

6. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The mining method also includes setting up pedestrian ventilation wells at both ends of the ore body to be mined, which are vertically inclined and penetrate the ore body.

7. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before the step of blasting and mining the second mining section, the mining method further includes: setting up a stope connecting roadway on the second mining section that is connected to the pedestrian ventilation shaft at one end; After the step of transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway, the mining method further includes: constructing retaining walls at the vein ore extraction roadway and the stope connecting roadway.

8. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The transport roadway includes a horizontally extending chute connecting roadway and a vertically extending chute. One end of the chute connecting roadway is connected to the stage transport roadway, and the other end of the chute connecting roadway is connected to one end of the chute. The other end of the chute extends to the adjacent stage chute connecting roadway of the ore body to be mined.

9. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport tunnel includes: The blasted ore body is transported out sequentially through the connecting roadway and the ore pass by a combination of gravity-driven ore passage and mechanical transport equipment.

10. The method for mining steeply inclined thin veins based on the combined arrangement of parallel holes and fan-shaped holes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, After the step of transporting the blasted ore body out through the transport roadway, the mining method further includes: The goaf formed after the blasting and removal of the first and second mining sections is backfilled.

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