Turboexpander and control method

Abstract

This application provides a turbo expander and its control method, relating to the field of expander technology. The expander body has a fluid channel, with an inlet pipe connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel and an outlet pipe connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel. A first information acquisition component is installed on the inlet pipe to collect fluid parameters, and a second information acquisition component is installed on the outlet pipe to collect fluid parameters. Multiple nozzle blades are disposed in the fluid channel near the inlet end and are movably connected to the expander body. Adjacent nozzle blades form nozzles through which fluid flows. The nozzle blades move relative to the expander body based on the information collected by the first and second information acquisition components to adjust the nozzle opening. By adjusting the nozzle opening according to fluid parameters to control the fluid flow rate, the fluid flow rate entering the expander's fluid channel can be precisely controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of expander technology, and in particular to a turbine expander and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Turbine expanders, also known as turbo expanders, are key pieces of equipment widely used in the energy, chemical, and refrigeration industries. They are mainly used to convert the internal energy of high-pressure gas into mechanical energy, thereby achieving energy recovery or refrigeration. During the operation of a turbine expander, changes in gas flow rate, pressure, and temperature will affect its operating efficiency and stability. To cope with these changes, turbine expanders need to have a certain gas flow rate regulation capability.

[0003] In some implementations, to address the impact of changes in gas state on the turbine expander, the flow area entering the turbine expander is adjusted by monitoring the impeller speed in the turbine expander, thereby regulating the gas volume and keeping the impeller speed within a relatively stable range, thus ensuring the stability of the expander's operation.

[0004] However, since the turbo expander regulates the gas volume in the above manner, it is impossible to monitor the impeller speed corresponding to the current gas state before the gas enters the expander impeller. This causes the adjustment of the impeller speed to lag behind the change in the gas state, resulting in the problem of inaccurate control of the gas volume entering the turbo expander, and affecting the efficient and stable operation of the turbo expander. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a turbine expander and a control method that can precisely control the flow rate of fluid entering the fluid channel of the expander.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a turbine expander, comprising:

[0008] The expander body has a fluid channel;

[0009] An air intake pipe is connected to the air intake end of the fluid channel;

[0010] An air outlet pipe is connected to the air outlet end of the fluid channel;

[0011] A first information acquisition component is disposed on the air intake pipe, and the first information acquisition component is configured to acquire the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the fluid in the air intake pipe;

[0012] A second information acquisition component is disposed on the gas outlet pipe, and the second information acquisition component is configured to acquire the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the fluid in the gas outlet pipe;

[0013] Multiple nozzle blades are disposed in the fluid channel on one side near the air inlet. The multiple nozzle blades are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel and are movably connected to the expander body. A nozzle that allows fluid to flow is formed between adjacent nozzle blades. The nozzle blades can move relative to the expander body according to the information collected by the first information acquisition component and the second information acquisition component, so that the opening of the nozzle is adjustable.

[0014] In some embodiments, each of the nozzle blades is rotatably connected to the expander body so that the angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body is adjustable to adjust the opening size of the nozzle.

[0015] In some embodiments, the turbine expander further includes a drive mechanism connected to each of the nozzle blades, the drive mechanism being configured to drive the nozzle blades to rotate relative to the expander body to adjust the angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body.

[0016] In some embodiments, the turbine expander further includes a controller, which is signal-connected to the first information acquisition component, the second information acquisition component, and the drive mechanism, respectively. The controller is configured to determine a preset angle between each nozzle blade and the expander body based on parameters acquired by the first information acquisition component and the second information acquisition component, so as to control the drive mechanism to drive the nozzle blade to rotate so that the included angle between the nozzle blade and the expander body reaches the preset angle.

[0017] In some embodiments, the turboexpander further includes an actuator connected between the controller and the drive mechanism, the actuator being configured to receive a signal from the controller and drive the drive mechanism to start and stop according to the received signal.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first information acquisition component includes a first pressure detection element, a first flow detection element, and a first temperature detection element, wherein the first pressure detection element, the first flow detection element, and the first temperature detection element are respectively spaced apart on the air intake pipe;

[0019] The second information acquisition component includes a second pressure detector, a second flow detector, and a second temperature detector, which are spaced apart on the gas outlet pipe.

[0020] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor and a transmission assembly, the transmission assembly being connected between the drive motor and the plurality of nozzle blades, such that the drive motor drives each nozzle blade to rotate relative to the expander body via the transmission assembly.

[0021] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a first gear and a second gear, the first gear being connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, the second gear meshing externally with the first gear, the second gear also having internal gear teeth, and each of the nozzle blades having external gear teeth that match the internal gear teeth, and each of the nozzle blades meshing with each other through the external gear teeth and the corresponding internal gear teeth.

[0022] In some embodiments, the fluid channel has a fixed wheel, and each of the nozzle blades is arranged at circumferential intervals along the fixed wheel and is rotatably connected to the fixed wheel via a rotating shaft.

[0023] A second aspect of this application provides a control method for a turbine expander. The turbine expander includes an expander body, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a first information acquisition component, a second information acquisition component, and a plurality of nozzle blades. The expander body has a fluid channel. The inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel. The outlet pipe is connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel. The first information acquisition component is disposed on the inlet pipe. The second information acquisition component is disposed on the outlet pipe. The plurality of nozzle blades are disposed on one side of the fluid channel near the inlet end. The plurality of nozzle blades are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel and are movably connected to the expander body. A nozzle through which fluid can flow is formed between adjacent nozzle blades.

[0024] The control method includes:

[0025] The fluid parameters of the inlet and outlet of the fluid channel are obtained respectively, and the fluid parameters include the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the fluid;

[0026] The expected angle between the nozzle blade and the expander body is determined based on the fluid parameters, and the angle between the nozzle blade and the expander body is adjusted according to the expected angle.

[0027] The turbo expander provided in this application includes an expander body, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a first information acquisition component, a second information acquisition component, and multiple nozzle blades. The expander body has a fluid channel. The inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel, and the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel. The first information acquisition component is disposed on the inlet pipe and configured to acquire the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the fluid in the inlet pipe. The second information acquisition component is disposed on the outlet pipe and configured to acquire the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the fluid in the outlet pipe. Multiple nozzle blades are disposed on one side of the fluid channel near the inlet end and are movably connected to the expander body at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel. Adjacent nozzles... A nozzle is formed between the blades, allowing fluid to flow through. The nozzle blades can move relative to the expander body based on information collected by the first and second information acquisition components, making the nozzle opening adjustable. This allows control over the fluid flow rate entering the turbine expander's fluid channel. Furthermore, by using real-time information collected by the first and second information acquisition components, the nozzle opening can be preset before the fluid flows into the turbine expander's fluid channel. This enables precise real-time control of the fluid flow rate entering the expander's fluid channel. By controlling the flow rate entering the turbine expander's fluid channel in a stable state through this flow regulation method, the turbine expander can operate efficiently and stably.

[0028] The control method for the turbine expander provided in this application has the same beneficial effects as the turbine expander provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a turbine expander provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a turbine expander provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 10 - Turbine expander;

[0034] 100 - Expander body; 110 - Inlet pipe; 120 - Outlet pipe; 130 - Fixed impeller;

[0035] 200 - First information acquisition component; 210 - First pressure detection element; 220 - First flow detection element; 230 - First temperature detection element;

[0036] 300 - Second information acquisition component; 310 - Second pressure detection element; 320 - Second flow detection element; 330 - Second temperature detection element;

[0037] 400 - Nozzle blade; 410 - Shaft; 420 - Nozzle;

[0038] 500 - Drive mechanism; 510 - Drive motor; 520 - Transmission assembly; 521 - First gear; 522 - Second gear;

[0039] 600 - Controller; 700 - Actuator. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0041] Turbine expanders are key pieces of equipment widely used in industries such as energy, chemicals, and refrigeration. They are mainly used to convert the internal energy of high-pressure gases into mechanical energy, thereby achieving energy recovery or refrigeration. During the operation of a turbine expander, changes in gas flow rate, pressure, and temperature will affect its operating efficiency and stability. To cope with these changes, turbine expanders need to have a certain gas flow rate regulation capability.

[0042] In some implementations, to address the impact of gas state changes, such as gas flow rate, pressure, and temperature, on the turbine expander, the flow area between nozzle blades is adjusted by monitoring the impeller speed in the turbine expander to regulate the gas volume and keep the impeller speed within a relatively stable range, thereby ensuring the stability of the expander's operation. However, this method of gas volume regulation cannot monitor the impeller speed corresponding to the current gas state before the gas enters the expander impeller. This results in a lag in the adjustment of the impeller speed relative to changes in the gas state, leading to the problem of inaccurate control over the gas volume entering the turbine expander and affecting the efficient and stable operation of the turbine expander.

[0043] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a turbine expander and its control method. The content of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly and thoroughly understand the content of this application.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the turboexpander 10 includes an expander body 100, an inlet pipe 110, an outlet pipe 120, a first information acquisition component 200, a second information acquisition component 300, and multiple nozzle blades 400. The expander body 100 has a fluid channel. The inlet pipe 110 is connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel, and the outlet pipe 120 is connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel. The first information acquisition component 200 is disposed on the inlet pipe 110 and configured to acquire the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the fluid in the inlet pipe 110. The second information acquisition component 300 is disposed on the outlet pipe 120 and configured to acquire the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the fluid in the outlet pipe 120. Multiple nozzle blades 400 are disposed on the side of the fluid channel near the inlet end and are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel, movably connected to the expander body 100. A nozzle 420 is formed between adjacent nozzle blades 400, allowing fluid to flow through. The nozzle blades 400 can move relative to the expander body 100 according to the information collected by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300, so that the opening of the nozzle 420 is adjustable. This allows control of the fluid flow rate entering the fluid channel of the turbine expander 10. Furthermore, by using the information collected in real time by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300, the opening of the nozzle 420 can be preset in advance before the fluid flows into the fluid channel of the turbine expander 10. This allows for real-time and precise control of the fluid flow rate entering the expander fluid channel. By maintaining the flow rate entering the fluid channel of the turbine expander 10 in a stable state through this real-time and precise flow control method, the turbine expander 10 can operate efficiently and stably.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, each nozzle blade 400 is rotatably connected to the expander body 100 so that the angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 is adjustable, thereby adjusting the opening size of the nozzle 420.

[0046] In some embodiments, the shape of the nozzle blade 400 includes, but is not limited to, straight blades, curved blades, twisted blades, airfoil blades, serrated blades, segmented blades, variable thickness blades, etc., for example, such as Figure 1As shown, the nozzle blade 400 adopts a streamlined blade with a certain curvature, which can reduce the frictional resistance between the nozzle blade 400 itself and the fluid, allowing the fluid to pass through the nozzle 420 formed between the nozzle blades 400 more efficiently. Furthermore, the nozzle blade 400 can be designed with different curvatures according to the fluid state parameters, thereby more flexibly adapting to the range of fluid flow rate changes.

[0047] In some embodiments, the number of nozzle blades 400 can range from a few to dozens, including but not limited to 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 60, etc. The number of nozzle blades 400 depends on the fluid flow rate, fluid characteristics, equipment cost, operating conditions, etc. Reducing the number of blades can reduce the manufacturing cost of the turbine expander 10, reduce the risk of clogging the nozzles 420, and simplify the maintenance and repair of the turbine expander 10. Increasing the number of blades can reduce the fluid load borne by each blade to reduce energy loss, and can also reduce pressure fluctuations in the fluid flow, increase the control accuracy of the fluid flow rate, and make the fluid flow more stable, thereby making the operation of the turbine expander 10 more stable. An appropriate number of nozzle blades 400 can find a balance between improving efficiency and controlling costs.

[0048] In some embodiments, depending on the fluid flow characteristics, such as velocity gradient or rotational characteristics, the installation angle of each nozzle blade 400 relative to the expander body 100 can be adjusted according to the fluid flow characteristics at the corresponding position. This allows for more precise control of the fluid distribution throughout the nozzle 420 area, resulting in more uniform fluid flow into the fluid channel of the expander body 100 and more stable operation of the turbine expander 10. For example, as shown in... Figure 1 As shown, the nozzle blade 400 is installed at the same angle relative to the expander body 100. Therefore, only one angle parameter needs to be calculated and optimized, which simplifies the design process and also simplifies the installation and manufacturing process.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the turbine expander 10 also includes a drive mechanism 500, which is connected to each nozzle blade 400. The drive mechanism 500 is configured to drive the nozzle blades 400 to rotate relative to the expander body 100, so as to adjust the angle between the nozzle blades 400 and the expander body 100.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the nozzle blade 400 is driven to rotate relative to the expander body 100 by the drive mechanism 500, and the angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the opening size of the nozzle 420 formed between the nozzle blades 400. This allows the flow rate into the fluid channel of the expander body 100 to be controlled according to the opening size of the nozzle 420. The control method is simple and easy to implement.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the turbine expander 10 also includes a controller 600, which is connected to the first information acquisition component 200, the second information acquisition component 300 and the drive mechanism 500 respectively. The controller 600 is configured to determine the preset angle of each nozzle blade 400 relative to the expander body 100 according to the parameters acquired by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300, so as to control the drive mechanism 500 to drive the nozzle blade 400 to rotate so that the included angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 reaches the preset angle.

[0052] In some embodiments, the optimization algorithm employed by the controller 600 includes, but is not limited to, weighted algorithms and particle swarm optimization algorithms, to optimize multiple control objectives and form control actions, thereby outputting control signals to the drive mechanism 500 to drive the nozzle blades 400 to rotate, so that the angle between the nozzle blades 400 and the expander body 100 reaches a preset angle. The objective function of the optimization algorithm is as follows:

[0053] ,

[0054] Where J is the objective function;

[0055] —Weighting coefficient;

[0056] — Output power of the turbine expander, in J;

[0057] —Mass flow rate, kg / s;

[0058] h in —Enthalpy of the fluid in the intake pipe of the turbine expander, J;

[0059] h out —Enthalpy of the fluid in the outlet pipe of the turbine expander, J;

[0060] θ desired —The preset angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body, in rad;

[0061] θ new —The actual angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body, in rad.

[0062] Mass flow rate in the above objective function The fluid enthalpy h in the intake pipe of the turbine expander in The enthalpy h of the fluid in the outlet pipe of the turbine expander out Output power of turbo expander Weighting coefficients Both can be determined based on the parameters collected by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300, where the objective function J is the output power of the turbine expander. The controller 600, through a weighted combination of the angle θ between the nozzle blades and the expander body, iterates over the objective function to minimize the output power of the turbine expander 10. The actual angle θ between the nozzle blades and the expander body new Continuous optimization ensures efficient and stable operation of the turbine expander 10 while outputting an angle control signal to the drive mechanism 500 to adjust the angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller 600 includes a processing unit and a storage unit. The processing unit is used to receive parameters collected by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300, perform calculation or transformation processing on the parameters, and generate control signals that can be received by the drive mechanism 500. The storage unit is used to store control optimization algorithms and parameter data for access and use by the processing unit.

[0064] In some embodiments, the controller 600 further includes an operable interface. The parameters collected by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300 can be transmitted to the controller 600 in the form of electrical signals or digital signals and displayed on the operable interface. In addition, the parameters collected by the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300 can also be manually input into the controller 600 through the operable interface.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the turboexpander 10 also includes an actuator 700, which is connected between the controller 600 and the drive mechanism 500. The actuator 700 is configured to receive signals from the controller 600 and drive the drive mechanism 500 to start and stop according to the received signals.

[0066] In some embodiments, the actuator 700 can convert the control signals output by the controller 600, such as electrical signals or digital signals, into the physical actions required by the drive mechanism 500. The actuator 700 can achieve precise control of the drive mechanism 500. The control aspects include, but are not limited to, the position, speed, and direction of the drive mechanism 500. Furthermore, the drive mechanism 500 can quickly respond to the control signals of the controller 600 through the actuator 700, thereby improving the dynamic performance of the control system from the information acquisition component to the drive mechanism 500.

[0067] like Figure 1As shown, the first information acquisition component 200 of the turbine expander 10 includes a first pressure detection element 210, a first flow detection element 220 and a first temperature detection element 230, which are respectively spaced on the intake pipe 110.

[0068] The second information acquisition component 300 includes a second pressure detection element 310, a second flow detection element 320, and a second temperature detection element 330, which are respectively spaced apart on the air outlet pipe 120.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first pressure sensing element 210 and the second pressure sensing element 310 include, but are not limited to, pressure sensors, pressure transmitters, pressure gauges, differential pressure transmitters, etc.; the first flow sensing element 220 and the second flow sensing element 320 include, but are not limited to, orifice plate flow meters, venturi flow meters, nozzle flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, mass flow meters, etc.; and the first temperature sensing element 230 and the second temperature sensing element 330 include, but are not limited to, thermocouples, infrared thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, infrared thermometers, fiber optic temperature sensors, etc.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the drive mechanism 500 includes a drive motor 510 and a transmission assembly 520. The transmission assembly 520 is connected between the drive motor 510 and a plurality of nozzle blades 400, so that the drive motor 510 drives each nozzle blade 400 to rotate relative to the expander body 100 through the transmission assembly 520.

[0071] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the actuator 700 controls the drive motor 510 to start and stop according to the control signal of the controller 600. In addition, the actuator 700 can also control the output shaft of the drive motor 510 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise according to the control signal of the controller 600, and control the speed of the output shaft of the drive motor 510, so as to drive each nozzle blade 400 to rotate relative to the expander body 100 through the transmission assembly 520, so that the included angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 reaches a preset angle.

[0072] The transmission assembly 520 of the turboexpander 10 includes a first gear 521 and a second gear 522. The first gear 521 is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 510. The second gear 522 meshes externally with the first gear 521. The second gear 522 also has internal gear teeth. Each nozzle blade 400 has external gear teeth that match the internal gears. Each nozzle blade 400 meshes with each other through the external gear teeth and the corresponding internal gear teeth.

[0073] In some embodiments, the inner contour shape of the first gear 521 includes, but is not limited to, a circle, an ellipse, a sector, an elliptical sector, etc., for example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inner contour of the first gear 521 is fan-shaped, and a gear is provided on the fan-shaped arc; the second gear 522 has both an external gear and an internal gear. For example, the inner contour of the second gear 522 is annular, with an external gear that can mesh with the first gear 521 provided on the outer side of the annular body, and an internal gear that can mesh with the nozzle blade 400 provided on the inner side of the annular body.

[0074] In some embodiments, the size of the first gear 521, the second gear 522, and the nozzle blade 400, as well as the number and type of gears or teeth on them, can be designed according to the overall size of the turbine expander 10 and the fluid flow rate, in order to reduce frictional losses between gears or teeth and improve transmission efficiency.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the turboexpander 10 has a fixed wheel 130 in its fluid channel, and each nozzle blade 400 is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixed wheel 130 and is rotatably connected to the fixed wheel 130 through a rotating shaft 410.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the rotating shaft 410 is fixedly mounted on the fixed wheel 130. The fixing methods include, but are not limited to, welding, bolt and nut connection, adhesive connection, and pin connection. The nozzle blade 400 has a small hole and is fitted into the rotating shaft 410 through the small hole, so that the nozzle blade 400 rotates relative to the expander body 100. This causes the drive mechanism 500 to drive the nozzle blade 400 to rotate according to the control signal output by the controller 600, so that the included angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 reaches a preset angle.

[0077] This application embodiment also provides a control method for a turbine expander 10, wherein the turbine expander 10 includes an expander body 100, an inlet pipe 110, an outlet pipe 120, a first information acquisition component 200, a second information acquisition component 300, and a plurality of nozzle blades 400. The expander body 100 has a fluid channel; the inlet pipe 110 is connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel; the outlet pipe 120 is connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel; the first information acquisition component 200 is disposed on the inlet pipe; the second information acquisition component 300 is disposed on the outlet pipe; the plurality of nozzle blades 400 are disposed on one side of the fluid channel near the inlet end, the plurality of nozzle blades 400 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel and are movably connected to the expander body 100, and a nozzle 420 for fluid to flow through is formed between adjacent nozzle blades 400.

[0078] The control method includes:

[0079] Step S01: Obtain the fluid parameters at the inlet and outlet of the fluid channel, including the fluid pressure, flow rate and temperature.

[0080] Step S02: Determine the expected angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body based on the fluid parameters, and adjust the angle between the nozzle blades and the expander body according to the expected angle.

[0081] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first information acquisition component 200 and the second information acquisition component 300 respectively acquire the pressure, temperature and flow data of the fluid in the intake pipe 110 and the outlet pipe 120, and transmit them to the controller 600. The controller 600 determines the preset angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 based on the data. The controller 600 uses genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization algorithms, etc., to iteratively optimize the output power of the turbine expander 10 and the actual angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 according to the objective function, and forms a control action, thereby outputting a control signal to the actuator 700. The actuator 700 converts the control signal into a drive signal to control the start and stop of the drive motor 510, so that the drive motor 510 drives the nozzle blade 400 to rotate relative to the expander body 100 through the first gear 521 and the second gear 522, so that the included angle between the nozzle blade 400 and the expander body 100 reaches the preset angle.

[0082] It should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

[0083] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "a" or "the" can also be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.

[0084] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this application should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on top of something” but also “on top of something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0085] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "under," "above," "above," etc., may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to other elements or features as shown in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90° or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A turboexpander, characterized in that, include: The expander body (100) has a fluid passage; An air intake pipe (110) is connected to the air intake end of the fluid channel; An air outlet pipe (120) is connected to the air outlet end of the fluid channel; A first information acquisition component (200) is disposed on the air intake pipe (110), and the first information acquisition component (200) is configured to acquire the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the fluid in the air intake pipe (110); A second information acquisition component (300) is disposed on the gas outlet pipe (120), and the second information acquisition component (300) is configured to acquire the pressure, temperature and flow rate of the fluid in the gas outlet pipe (120); Multiple nozzle blades (400) are disposed in the fluid channel on one side near the air inlet. The multiple nozzle blades (400) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel and are movably connected to the expander body (100). A nozzle (420) for fluid to flow through is formed between adjacent nozzle blades (400). The nozzle blades (400) can move relative to the expander body (100) according to the information collected by the first information acquisition component (200) and the second information acquisition component (300) so that the opening size of the nozzle (420) is adjustable.

2. The turbine expander according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the nozzle blades (400) is rotatably connected to the expander body (100) so that the included angle between the nozzle blades (400) and the expander body (100) is adjustable to adjust the opening size of the nozzle (420).

3. The turbine expander according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a drive mechanism (500) connected to each of the nozzle blades (400), the drive mechanism (500) being configured to drive the nozzle blades (400) to rotate relative to the expander body (100) to adjust the angle between the nozzle blades (400) and the expander body (100).

4. The turbine expander according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a controller (600), which is signal-connected to the first information acquisition component (200), the second information acquisition component (300) and the drive mechanism (500) respectively. The controller (600) is configured to determine a preset angle of each nozzle blade (400) relative to the expander body (100) based on the parameters acquired by the first information acquisition component (200) and the second information acquisition component (300), so as to control the drive mechanism (500) to drive the nozzle blades (400) to rotate, so that the included angle between the nozzle blades (400) and the expander body (100) reaches the preset angle.

5. The turbine expander according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an actuator (700) connected between the controller (600) and the drive mechanism (500), the actuator (700) being configured to receive signals from the controller (600) and drive the drive mechanism (500) to start and stop according to the received signals.

6. The turboexpander according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first information acquisition component (200) includes a first pressure detection element (210), a first flow detection element (220) and a first temperature detection element (230), wherein the first pressure detection element (210), the first flow detection element (220) and the first temperature detection element (230) are respectively spaced on the air intake pipe (110); The second information acquisition component (300) includes a second pressure detection element (310), a second flow detection element (320), and a second temperature detection element (330), which are respectively spaced on the gas outlet pipe (120).

7. The turbine expander according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (500) includes a drive motor (510) and a transmission assembly (520). The transmission assembly (520) is connected between the drive motor (510) and the plurality of nozzle blades (400) so that the drive motor (510) drives each nozzle blade (400) to rotate relative to the expander body (100) through the transmission assembly (520).

8. The turbine expander according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (520) includes a first gear (521) and a second gear (522). The first gear (521) is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (510). The second gear (522) meshes externally with the first gear (521). The second gear (522) also has internal gear teeth. Each nozzle blade (400) has external gear teeth that match the internal gear teeth. Each nozzle blade (400) meshes with each other through the external gear teeth and the corresponding internal gear teeth.

9. The turbine expander according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fluid channel has a fixed wheel (130), and each of the nozzle blades (400) is arranged at circumferential intervals along the fixed wheel (130) and is rotatably connected to the fixed wheel (130) through a rotating shaft (410).

10. A control method for a turbine expander, characterized in that, The turboexpander (10) includes an expander body (100), an inlet pipe (110), an outlet pipe (120), a first information acquisition component (200), a second information acquisition component (300), and multiple nozzle blades (400). The expander body (100) has a fluid channel. The inlet pipe (110) is connected to the inlet end of the fluid channel. The outlet pipe (120) is connected to the outlet end of the fluid channel. The first information acquisition component (200) is disposed on the inlet pipe. The second information acquisition component (300) is disposed on the outlet pipe. Multiple nozzle blades (400) are disposed on one side of the fluid channel near the inlet end. The multiple nozzle blades (400) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the fluid channel and are movably connected to the expander body (100). A nozzle (420) is formed between adjacent nozzle blades (400) for fluid to flow through. The control method includes: The fluid parameters of the inlet and outlet of the fluid channel are obtained respectively, and the fluid parameters include the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the fluid; The expected angle between the nozzle blade and the expander body is determined based on the fluid parameters, and the angle between the nozzle blade and the expander body is adjusted according to the expected angle.

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