A waste heat steam boiler system

Abstract

This invention discloses a waste heat steam boiler system, including a steam drum and a heating boiler shell. The steam drum is equipped with a main steam outlet and a water inlet. The heating boiler shell contains a cylindrical heating chamber. Several parallel and spaced waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes pass through the heating chamber laterally, forming a flue gas heat exchange tube array. The lower part of the inner cavity of the steam drum is connected to the lower end of the heating chamber through a downcomer, and the upper end of the heating chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the steam drum through a riser. The heating chamber is equipped with a labyrinthine steam dissipation structure, thereby improving the overall heat utilization efficiency of high-temperature flue gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of boilers. Background Technology

[0002] Waste heat steam boiler systems are widely used in industrial waste heat recovery. In existing structures, waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes evenly distributed inside the heating boiler shell form a flue gas heat exchange tube array, which is submerged in water. A natural circulation loop is formed between the steam drum and the heating boiler shell through downcomers and risers. After the water is heated and boils in the heating chamber, it generates bubbles. The bubbles rise to the top of the heating chamber and then enter the steam drum through the risers, and finally supply steam to the outside through the main steam outlet.

[0003] Because the flue gas heat exchanger tube array is evenly distributed within the heating chamber, bubbles are uniformly generated at all locations after the water reaches its boiling point. All bubbles must rise to the upper part of the heating chamber, resulting in bubble congestion in the upper central area of ​​the heating chamber. The large accumulation of bubbles in this area forms a continuous, large-area cavitation bubble, exposing a significant portion of the outer wall of the heat exchanger tubes to the low-heat-transfer-coefficient steam cavitation bubbles, rather than direct contact with liquid water, thus significantly inhibiting heat transfer efficiency.

[0004] Even if the flue gas temperature and pressure at the inlet of each heat exchanger tube are the same, and the heat exchanger tubes are of the same specifications, the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger tubes in this area is still significantly higher than that at other locations, indicating that the heat is not fully transferred to the water, resulting in waste heat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a waste heat steam boiler system to improve the comprehensive heat utilization efficiency of high temperature flue gas.

[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a waste heat steam boiler system, comprising a steam drum and a heating boiler shell. The steam drum is equipped with a main steam outlet and a water supply outlet. The heating boiler shell contains a cylindrical heating chamber. Several parallel and spaced waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes pass laterally through the heating chamber, forming a flue gas heat exchange tube array. The lower part of the inner cavity of the steam drum is connected to the lower end of the heating chamber through a downcomer, and the upper end of the heating chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the steam drum through a riser. A labyrinthine steam dissipation structure is provided inside the heating chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, a central air cavitation is coaxially arranged in the center of the heating chamber. The central air cavitation and the labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure include a left dissipation wing plate and a right dissipation wing plate that are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central air cavitation in a figure-eight shape.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle between the left and right evacuation wing plates and the horizontal plane is a°; 8° < a° < 12°.

[0009] Furthermore, from the axial perspective of the heating pot shell: with the center of the heating pot shell as the base point, the upward and downward rays are denoted as ray a and ray c, respectively; the rays extending along the left and right sprue plates are denoted as ray d and ray b, respectively; in the heating chamber, the area between ray a and ray b is denoted as region A, the area between ray b and ray c is denoted as region B, the area between ray c and ray d is denoted as region C, and the area between ray d and ray a is denoted as region D; the ends of the left and right sprue plates form left and right connecting gaps with the inner wall of the heating pot shell, respectively; the left connecting gap connects the lowest point of region D in the heating chamber to region C; the right connecting gap connects the lowest point of region A in the heating chamber to region B.

[0010] Furthermore, from the axial perspective of the heating pot shell: the left evaporation wing plate is integrally connected to an upwardly extending left vertical plate at the end near the axis of the heating pot shell, and the right evaporation wing plate is integrally connected to an upwardly extending right vertical plate at the end near the axis of the heating pot shell; a vertical steam evaporation channel is formed between the left and right vertical plates; the upper ends of the left and right vertical plates are respectively left and right arc segments that are far apart from each other, and a bubble accumulation area is formed between the left and right arc segments; the bubble accumulation area is connected to the inlet end of the riser pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, air bubble overflow gaps are formed between the ends of both the left and right arc segments and the inner wall of the heating pot shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the labyrinthine steam dissipation structure also includes at least three concentric concentric bubble guide walls with progressively decreasing radii from the outside to the inside; the concentric bubble guide walls are composed of arc-shaped labyrinth plates of segments a, b, c, and d in regions A, B, C, and D, respectively; several arc-shaped labyrinth plates of segment a with progressively decreasing radii divide region A in the heating chamber into several a-fan ring regions; several arc-shaped labyrinth plates of progressively decreasing radii divide region A into several a-fan ring regions; several arc-shaped labyrinth plates of progressively decreasing radii divide region A into several a-fan ring regions. The reduced b-segment circular labyrinth plates divide the B zone inside the heating chamber into several b-fan ring zones; the c-segment circular labyrinth plates with progressively decreasing radii divide the C zone inside the heating chamber into several c-fan ring zones; the d-segment circular labyrinth plates with progressively decreasing radii divide the D zone inside the heating chamber into several d-fan ring zones; waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes are arrayed in parallel with gaps between each other in the several a-fan ring zones, several b-fan ring zones, several c-fan ring zones, and several d-fan ring zones.

[0013] Furthermore, a central water channel gap is formed between the clockwise end of each b-segment circular labyrinth plate of the same radius and the counterclockwise end of each c-segment circular labyrinth plate, thereby forming an upward water channel along the c-ray path at the lower part of the heating chamber, with its upper end connected to the central air cavity; a right bubble channel gap is formed between the counterclockwise end of each b-segment circular labyrinth plate and the lower surface of the right evacuation wing plate; a left bubble channel gap is formed between the clockwise end of each c-segment circular labyrinth plate and the lower surface of the left evacuation wing plate; and a right bubble channel gap is formed between the clockwise end of each a-segment circular labyrinth plate and the right evacuation wing plate. A right water supply gap is formed between the upper surfaces of the dewatering wing plates; the counterclockwise end of each a-segment arc labyrinth plate is integrally connected to the right vertical plate, and a right bubble confluence gap is formed on the lower side of the connection with the right vertical plate, which is laterally connected to the vertical steam dewatering channel; a left water supply gap is formed between the counterclockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate and the upper surface of the left dewatering wing plate; the clockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate is integrally connected to the left vertical plate, and a left bubble confluence gap is formed on the lower side of the connection with the left vertical plate, which is laterally connected to the vertical steam dewatering channel.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The present invention utilizes the multi-ring concentric bubble guide cylinder wall with a progressively decreasing radius from the outside to the inside to further subdivide each area into several fan-ring areas, making each fan-ring area an independent bubble generation and channeling unit.

[0015] Waste heat exchange tubes are arranged in each sector ring area. The bubbles generated during boiling are constrained by the corresponding arc labyrinth plates and move in an orderly manner along the concave or convex arc surfaces according to a predetermined path. They flow into the vertical steam dissipation channel through the left or right bubble confluence gap, or are guided to the central air cavity by the left or right dissipation wing plates and finally enter the vertical steam dissipation channel, thus realizing the zoned dissipation and centralized discharge of bubbles.

[0016] Each sector receives continuous water replenishment through water replenishment gaps, a central water channel, and connecting gaps, ensuring stable liquid levels and preventing localized hollowing.

[0017] It effectively eliminates the crowding and cavitation effect of bubbles in the upper central region, ensuring that the outer walls of all heat exchange tubes are always in full contact with liquid water, significantly improving heat transfer efficiency and flue gas temperature uniformity, and avoiding energy waste caused by poor local heat exchange. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this solution;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the design of a labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure based on the traditional structure;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 This is an axial sectional view;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram is based on the previous one, with all waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes removed. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 The waste heat steam boiler system shown includes a steam drum 23 and a heating boiler shell 13. The steam drum 23 is equipped with a main steam outlet 21 and a water supply outlet 22. The heating boiler shell 13 contains a cylindrical heating chamber 17. Several parallel and spaced waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 pass through the heating chamber 17, forming a flue gas heat exchange tube array. The waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 serve as heat input elements, through which high-temperature waste heat flue gas emitted from industrial kilns, gas turbines, and other equipment is introduced. The heat is transferred through the tube wall to the liquid water in the heating chamber 17, thereby realizing waste heat recovery and steam generation.

[0024] The lower part of the inner cavity of the steam drum 23 is connected to the lower end of the heating chamber 17 through the downcomer 27, and the upper end of the heating chamber 17 is connected to the inner cavity of the steam drum 23 through the riser 15. The downcomer 27 and the riser 15 together form a natural circulation loop. Taking advantage of the physical properties that the density of water in the heating chamber 17 decreases after being heated and the density of water in the steam drum 23 is relatively high, the water is driven to form a continuous and stable circulation flow between the heating chamber 17 and the steam drum 23, ensuring the continuity of heat transfer.

[0025] The heating chamber 17 is equipped with a labyrinthine steam dissipation structure 36; this structure guides the steam bubbles generated during boiling in an orderly manner through multi-stage flow guidance and path constraint, avoiding disorderly accumulation of bubbles in specific areas, thereby significantly improving the contact efficiency between the heat exchange tube and the liquid water.

[0026] A central air cavity 12 is coaxially arranged in the center of the heating chamber 17. The central air cavity 12 is the initial gathering area of ​​bubbles, which can collect bubbles from the lower part of the heating chamber 17 and guide them to move upward. The labyrinth-type water vapor dissipation structure 36 includes a left dissipation wing plate 2 and a right dissipation wing plate 3 that are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central air cavity 12 in the shape of an "eight". The left dissipation wing plate 2 and the right dissipation wing plate 3 are arranged at an angle, which can not only receive and guide bubbles from the lower area, but also effectively separate the bubble movement path from the water replenishment path to prevent the bubbles from mixing back.

[0027] The angle between the left relief wing 2 and the right relief wing 3 and the horizontal plane is a°; 8° < a° < 12°. This ensures that the bubble can smoothly rise upwards along the lower surface of the wing under the action of buoyancy.

[0028] From the axial perspective of the heating pot shell 13: with the center of the heating pot shell 13 as the base point, the upward and downward rays are denoted as ray a and ray c, respectively; the rays extending along the left and right flank plates 2 and 3 are denoted as ray d and ray b, respectively; in the heating chamber 17, the area between ray a and ray b is denoted as region A, the area between ray b and ray c is denoted as region B, the area between ray c and ray d is denoted as region C, and the area between ray d and ray a is denoted as region D; the above division of regions A, B, C, and D, based on the geometric symmetry and hydrodynamic characteristics of the heating pot shell 13, provides a spatial basis for the independent design of subsequent bubble venting paths, ensuring that the bubbles generated in each region do not interfere with each other.

[0029] The ends of the left and right venting wing plates 2 and 3 form left and right connecting gaps 11.8 and 11.9 respectively between the inner wall of the heating pot shell 13; the left connecting gap 11.8 connects the bottom of zone D in the heating chamber 17 to zone C; the right connecting gap 11.9 connects the bottom of zone A in the heating chamber 17 to zone B; the left and right connecting gaps 11.8 and 11.9 serve as lateral replenishment channels for liquid water between different zones, enabling the timely introduction of liquid water from the surrounding areas into the temporarily low-pressure zone caused by the escape of bubbles after the water is heated and vaporized, thus maintaining the balance of water level and temperature in each zone.

[0030] The left evacuation wing plate 2 is integrally connected to an upwardly extending left vertical plate 5 at one end near the axis of the heating pot shell 13, and the right evacuation wing plate 3 is integrally connected to an upwardly extending right vertical plate 6 at one end near the axis of the heating pot shell 13; a vertical steam evacuation channel 10 is formed between the left vertical plate 5 and the right vertical plate 6; the left vertical plate 5 and the right vertical plate 6 constitute the final steam confluence channel, which concentrates and guides the steam after it has passed through the labyrinth at each level to the top of the heating chamber 17, preventing the steam from diffusing back to other areas during the ascent.

[0031] The upper ends of the left vertical plate 5 and the right vertical plate 6 are respectively the left arc segment 8 and the right arc segment 9, which are far apart from each other. A bubble aggregation zone 7 is formed between the left arc segment 8 and the right arc segment 9. The left arc segment 8 and the right arc segment 9 adopt an arc transition structure, which can reduce the flow resistance of bubbles when entering the bubble aggregation zone 7, so that the bubbles can converge smoothly. The bubble aggregation zone 7 is connected to the inlet end of the riser pipe 15.

[0032] Both the ends of the left arc segment 8 and the right arc segment 9 form bubble overflow gaps 30 between them and the inner wall of the heating pot shell 13. The bubble overflow gaps 30 serve as backup exhaust channels. When the bubble flow rate in the vertical steam dissipation channel 10 increases instantaneously, some bubbles can be directly discharged into the top of the heating chamber 17 through these gaps to prevent excessive local pressure.

[0033] The labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure 36 also includes at least three concentric thin-walled bubble guide cylinder walls 4 with progressively decreasing radii from the outside to the inside; forming a multi-level "labyrinthine" barrier radially within the heating chamber 17, so that bubbles generated at different radii are confined within their respective corresponding fan-ring areas and guided in an orderly manner along a predetermined path.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the concentric bubble guide cylinder wall 4 is composed of arc labyrinth plates 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d in regions A, B, C, and D, respectively.

[0035] Several arc-shaped maze plates 4a with progressively decreasing radii divide area A within the heating chamber 17 into several sector-shaped ring areas 1a.

[0036] Several b-segment circular maze plates 4b with progressively decreasing radii divide the B zone within the heating chamber 17 into several b-fan ring zones 1b.

[0037] Several c-segment circular arc labyrinth plates 4c with progressively decreasing radii divide the C zone within the heating chamber 17 into several c-fan ring zones 1c.

[0038] Several d-segment circular arc labyrinth plates with progressively decreasing radii divide the D zone within the heating chamber 17 into several d-fan ring zones 1d.

[0039] Waste heat exchange tubes 16 are evenly distributed in parallel arrays in several a-ring zones 1a, several b-ring zones 1b, several c-ring zones 1c, and several d-ring zones 1d, with gaps between them. The waste heat exchange tubes 16 are evenly distributed in each ring zone to ensure that there is sufficient heat input in each ring zone, so that the water in each zone can be heated synchronously and generate bubbles, thereby improving the uniformity of gas production in the whole boiler.

[0040] A central water channel gap 11.4 is formed between the clockwise end of each of the b-segment circular labyrinth plates 4b and the counterclockwise end of the c-segment circular labyrinth plates 4c, so that a rising water channel 14 is formed at the bottom of the heating chamber 17 along the c-ray path, with its upper end connected to the central air cavity 12. The central water channel gap 11.4 and the rising water channel 14 constitute a replenishment path for liquid water in the lower part of the B and C areas, ensuring that after a large number of bubbles escape, new water can be quickly replenished from the bottom of the heating chamber 17 to the B and C areas, avoiding water shortage or local dry burning in these areas.

[0041] A right bubble channel gap 11.3 is formed between the counterclockwise end of each b-segment circular arc labyrinth plate 4b and the lower surface of the right sparse wing plate 3.

[0042] A left bubble channel gap 11.5 is formed between the clockwise end of each c-segment circular arc labyrinth plate 4c and the lower surface of the left sparse wing plate 2.

[0043] A right water replenishment gap 11.2 is formed between the clockwise end of each arc labyrinth plate 4a and the upper surface of the right evacuation wing plate 3; the counterclockwise end of each arc labyrinth plate 4a is integrally connected to the right vertical plate 6, and a right bubble confluence gap 11.1 is formed on the lower side of the connection with the right vertical plate 6, which is laterally connected to the vertical steam evacuation channel 10.

[0044] A left water replenishment gap 11.6 is formed between the counterclockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate 4d and the upper surface of the left evacuation wing plate 2; the clockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate 4d is integrally connected to the left vertical plate 5, and a left bubble confluence gap 11.7 is formed on the lower side of the connection with the left vertical plate 5, which is laterally connected to the vertical steam evacuation channel 10.

[0045] The right bubble channel gap 11.3, the left bubble channel gap 11.5, the right water replenishment gap 11.2, the right bubble confluence gap 11.1, the left water replenishment gap 11.6, and the left bubble confluence gap 11.7 cooperate spatially to form the "outlet" of the bubbles and the "inlet" of the liquid water, respectively. This allows the gas-liquid two-phase flow in each sector ring to form a micro-circulation, that is: water enters from the bottom and exhausts from the top, with bubbles exiting in one direction and water replenishing in one direction, thereby maintaining the stability of the liquid level and the heat exchange efficiency in each sector ring.

[0046] Working principle:

[0047] During operation, the external water supply device continuously and adaptively replenishes water to the lower part of the inner cavity of the steam drum 23 through the water inlet 22. The water entering the lower part of the steam drum 23 is introduced into the lower part of the heating chamber 17 inside the heating pot shell 13 through the downcomer 27 until the heating chamber 17 is completely filled with water, and each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 is immersed in the liquid water in the heating chamber 17. At the same time, high-temperature waste heat flue gas continuously flows through each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16, so that each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 continuously heats the liquid water in the heating chamber 17, thereby gradually raising the temperature in the heating chamber 17 to above the boiling point. When boiling, the heating chamber 17... A large amount of steam is uniformly generated inside the steam drum 23 and eventually rises to the top of the heating chamber 17. High-temperature steam is continuously discharged from the steam drum 23 through the riser pipe 15. Then, the steam in the steam drum 23 is continuously supplied to the outside through the main steam outlet 21. Since the conventional heating chamber 17 has several waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 forming a flue gas heat exchange tube array that is uniformly distributed in the heating chamber 17, and does not have the labyrinthine steam dissipation structure 36 of this scheme, the liquid in the heating chamber 17 will be uniformly heated. After the liquid water in the heating chamber 17 reaches the boiling point, bubbles will be uniformly generated at any position.

[0048] Based on the traditional structure, after simultaneously measuring the flue gas temperature at the outlet of each waste heat flue gas heat exchanger tube 16 using temperature sensors, it was found that the exhaust temperature of the waste heat flue gas heat exchanger tube 16 located slightly above the center of the heating chamber 17 was significantly higher than that of the waste heat flue gas heat exchanger tube 16 located at other positions. The area with higher temperatures was as follows: Figure 1 Within the rectangular frame marked by 80; since the inlets of all waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 are connected to the same high-temperature flue gas supply pipe, the temperature and pressure at the inlets of each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 are consistent; at the same time, the technical specifications such as the length, thickness, and cross-sectional area of ​​all waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 are consistent; there may be defects in the heat conduction mechanism of the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 within the rectangular frame marked by 80, resulting in the heat of the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 within the rectangular frame marked by 80 not being fully conducted to the liquid water in the heating chamber 17.

[0049] Observation and analysis revealed that, due to the uniform distribution of the flue gas heat exchange tube array within the heating chamber 17, a large number of bubbles will uniformly rise to the surface at any location within the heating chamber 17 after reaching the boiling point. Since all bubbles generated at any location within the heating chamber 17 must eventually rise to the top of the heating chamber 17, and almost all bubbles must pass through the rectangular frame marked 80, the density of bubbles increases as they rise higher within the rectangular frame marked 80 of the heating chamber 17. When the bubbles within the heating chamber 17 are densely packed, a large-area, continuous large cavitation effect is formed, resulting in a large area of ​​the outer wall of the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 within the rectangular frame marked 80 not directly contacting the liquid water, but being exposed to "steam cavitation" with a low heat transfer coefficient. This leads to the blockage and inhibition of heat conduction in the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 within the rectangular frame marked 80, resulting in the heat in the high-temperature flue gas within the rectangular frame marked 80 not being smoothly transferred to the liquid water in the heating chamber 17, thus causing energy waste.

[0050] The disordered aggregation of bubbles in the upper central region of heating chamber 17 creates a "gas resistance" effect, significantly reducing the contact time between the heat exchange tube wall and liquid water in this area and drastically increasing the thermal resistance. This solution utilizes a labyrinthine steam dissipation structure 36 to transform the originally disordered bubble movement into an ordered path movement. The specific working principle is as follows:

[0051] Based on the structure with the labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure 36, several arc labyrinth plates 4a with progressively decreasing radii divide the A region within the heating chamber 17 into several a-fan-ring regions 1a; several arc labyrinth plates 4b with progressively decreasing radii divide the B region within the heating chamber 17 into several b-fan-ring regions 1b; several arc labyrinth plates 4c with progressively decreasing radii divide the C region within the heating chamber 17 into several c-fan-ring regions 1c.

[0052] Several d-segment circular arc labyrinth plates with progressively decreasing radii divide the D zone within the heating chamber 17 into several d-fan ring zones 1d.

[0053] Taking any sector a 1a as an example: Steam bubbles generated uniformly within sector a 1a rise to the concave surface of the upper segment a circular arc labyrinth plate 4a and stop rising. Instead, constrained by buoyancy and the concave surface of segment a circular arc labyrinth plate 4a, they concentrate and move upwards along the contour path of the concave surface, eventually converging into the vertical steam dissipation channel 10 through the right bubble confluence gap 11.1. The process of the bubbles generated in sector a 1a concentrating and moving upwards along the contour path of the concave surface of segment a circular arc labyrinth plate 4a to the vertical steam dissipation channel 10 achieves path constraint and dissipation of the bubbles, avoiding the... The bubbles generated in sector ring 1a cause bubble congestion in other areas. At the same time, as the bubbles generated in sector ring 1a are orderly dispersed into the vertical steam dissipation channel 10, the right water replenishment gap 11.2 at the lowest position of sector ring 1a continuously replenishes liquid water into sector ring 1a to prevent sector ring 1a from becoming hollow. This water replenishment process utilizes gravity and the local negative pressure formed after the bubbles escape, so that liquid water can automatically enter the bottom of sector ring 1a along the right water replenishment gap 11.2 to achieve dynamic balance between the gas and liquid phases and ensure that the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 in sector ring 1a is always fully wetted by liquid water.

[0054] The bubble dissipation process and principle in sector d1d are the same as those in sector a1a, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Taking any b-sector ring region 1b as an example, steam bubbles are uniformly generated within b-sector ring region 1b. After rising to the convex surface of the upper b-segment circular arc labyrinth plate 4b, they stop rising. Instead, under the constraint of buoyancy and the convex surface of the b-segment circular arc labyrinth plate 4b, they concentrate and move upward along the contour path of the convex surface of the b-segment circular arc labyrinth plate 4b, and finally move upward until they are blocked by the lower surface of the inclined right relief wing plate 3. Subsequently, the bubbles blocked by the lower surface of the right relief wing plate 3 pass through the right bubble channel gap 11.3 and, under the constraint of buoyancy, adhere to the right relief wing plate 3 with a certain inclination. The lower surface of the de-flange 3 continues to move upward and eventually reaches the central air cavity 12. The bubbles that reach the central air cavity 12 surge upward into the vertical steam de-flange channel 10 under the action of buoyancy. The bubbles generated in the b-fan ring area 1b undergo two path changes during the movement: first, they rise along the convex arc surface of the b-segment circular labyrinth plate 4b, and then move obliquely upward along the lower surface of the right de-flange 3. This effectively prolongs the residence time of the bubbles in the b-fan ring area 1b, allowing sufficient time for the water carried by the bubbles to flow back during the ascent, thus reducing the amount of water carried by the steam.

[0056] The bubbles generated in sector b 1b move upward along the contour path of the convex arc surface of the arc labyrinth plate 4b in segment b. After passing through the right bubble channel gap 11.3, they continue to move upward along the lower surface of the right relief wing plate 3 with a certain slope under the constraint of buoyancy, and finally move upward to the central air cavity 12. The bubbles that reach the central air cavity 12 finally surge upward into the vertical steam relief channel 10 under the action of buoyancy, thus realizing the path constraint and relief of the bubbles, avoiding the bubble congestion problem of other areas caused by the bubbles generated in sector b 1b. Meanwhile, as the bubbles generated in the b-fan ring zone 1b are orderly dispersed into the vertical steam dissipation channel 10, the central water channel gap 11.4 at the lowest position of the b-fan ring zone 1b continuously replenishes liquid water to the b-fan ring zone 1b, preventing the b-fan ring zone 1b from becoming hollow; the central water channel gap 11.4 directly replenishes high-temperature water to the b-fan ring zone 1b from the lower part of the heating chamber 17. This part of water has been preheated in other areas before entering the b-fan ring zone 1b, which helps to maintain the uniformity and stability of the temperature field in the b-fan ring zone 1b and reduce thermal stress.

[0057] The bubble dissipation process and principle in sector c 1c are the same as those in sector b 1b, and will not be repeated here.

[0058] In summary, the steam bubbles generated synchronously and orderly released from each of the a-ring zone 1a, b-ring zone 1b, c-ring zone 1c, and d-ring zone 1d eventually converge into the vertical steam release channel 10, rise to the bubble accumulation zone 7, and are finally discharged into the steam drum 23 through the riser pipe 15.

[0059] Based on the structure with the labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure 36, the problem of blocked and suppressed heat conduction in the waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 within the rectangular frame marked 80 is effectively solved. The uniformity of flue gas temperature at the outlets of each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16, measured simultaneously by temperature sensors, is significantly improved compared to the traditional structure. Specifically, the temperature difference at the exhaust ports of each waste heat flue gas heat exchange tube 16 is significantly reduced, indicating that all waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes 16 can uniformly and fully transfer the heat of their internal high-temperature flue gas to the liquid water in the heating chamber 17. This effectively improves the overall waste heat recovery rate of the system while avoiding excessive flue gas temperature emissions and energy waste caused by poor local heat exchange.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste heat steam boiler system, characterized in that: It includes a steam drum (23) and a heating pot shell (13). The steam drum (23) is equipped with a main steam outlet (21) and a water supply outlet (22). The heating pot shell (13) contains a cylindrical heating chamber (17). Several parallel and spaced waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes (16) pass through the heating chamber (17) laterally. The waste heat flue gas heat exchange tubes (16) together form a flue gas heat exchange tube array. The lower part of the inner cavity of the steam drum (23) is connected to the lower end of the heating chamber (17) through the downcomer (27), and the upper end of the heating chamber (17) is connected to the inner cavity of the steam drum (23) through the riser (15); a labyrinth-type steam dissipation structure (36) is provided inside the heating chamber (17).

2. The waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating chamber (17) has a central air cavity (12) coaxially arranged in the center. The central air cavity (12) and the labyrinth-type water vapor dissipation structure (36) include a left dissipation wing plate (2) and a right dissipation wing plate (3) that are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central air cavity (12) in the shape of an "eight".

3. The waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the left relief wing (2) and the right relief wing (3) and the horizontal plane is a°; 8° < a° < 12°.

4. A waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 2, characterized in that: From the axial perspective of the heating pot shell (13): with the center of the heating pot shell (13) as the base point, the upward and downward rays are respectively denoted as ray a and ray c, and the rays extending along the left sprue wing plate (2) and the right sprue wing plate (3) are respectively denoted as ray d and ray b; in the heating chamber (17), the area between ray a and ray b is denoted as area A, the area between ray b and ray c is denoted as area B, the area between ray c and ray d is denoted as area C, and the area between ray d and ray a is denoted as area D; The ends of the left venting wing plate (2) and the right venting wing plate (3) form a left connecting gap (11.8) and a right connecting gap (11.9) with the inner wall of the heating pot shell (13), respectively; the left connecting gap (11.8) connects the bottom of the D area in the heating chamber (17) to the C area; the right connecting gap (11.9) connects the bottom of the A area in the heating chamber (17) to the B area.

5. A waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that: From the axial perspective of the heating pot shell (13): the left venting wing plate (2) is integrally connected to an upwardly extending left vertical plate (5) at one end near the axis of the heating pot shell (13), and the right venting wing plate (3) is integrally connected to an upwardly extending right vertical plate (6) at one end near the axis of the heating pot shell (13); a vertical steam venting channel (10) is formed between the left vertical plate (5) and the right vertical plate (6); The upper ends of the left vertical plate (5) and the right vertical plate (6) are left arc segments (8) and right arc segments (9) that are far apart from each other, and a bubble accumulation area (7) is formed between the left arc segment (8) and the right arc segment (9); the bubble accumulation area (7) is connected to the inlet end of the riser (15).

6. A waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the ends of the left arc segment (8) and the right arc segment (9) form bubble overflow gaps (30) between them and the inner wall of the heating pot shell (13).

7. A waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The labyrinthine water vapor dissipation structure (36) also includes at least three concentric thin-walled bubble guide cylinder walls (4) with the radius decreasing in a stepped manner from the outside to the inside. The concentric bubble guide tube wall (4) is composed of arc maze plates (4a), (4b), (4c) and (4d) of sections a, b, c, and d respectively in areas A, B, C, and D. Several arc-shaped maze plates (4a) with decreasing radii divide the A region inside the heating chamber (17) into several a-fan ring regions (1a). Several b-segment circular maze plates (4b) with progressively decreasing radii divide the B zone inside the heating chamber (17) into several b-fan ring zones (1b). Several c-segment circular arc labyrinth plates (4c) with progressively decreasing radii divide the C-zone inside the heating chamber (17) into several c-fan ring zones (1c). Several d-segment circular arc maze plates (4d) with progressively decreasing radii divide the D zone inside the heating chamber (17) into several d-fan ring zones (1d). Waste heat exchange tubes (16) are arranged in parallel arrays and interspersed with gaps in each other in several a-fan ring regions (1a), several b-fan ring regions (1b), several c-fan ring regions (1c) and several d-fan ring regions (1d).

8. A waste heat steam boiler system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A central water channel gap (11.4) is formed between the clockwise end of each of the b-segment circular maze plates (4b) with the counterclockwise end of the c-segment circular maze plate (4c), thereby forming an upward water channel (14) with its upper end connected to the central air cavity (12) along the c-ray path at the lower part of the heating chamber (17). A right bubble channel gap (11.3) is formed between the counterclockwise end of each b-segment circular arc labyrinth plate (4b) and the lower surface of the right sparse wing plate (3). A left bubble channel gap (11.5) is formed between the clockwise end of each c-segment circular arc labyrinth plate (4c) and the lower surface of the left sparse wing plate (2). A right water replenishment gap (11.2) is formed between the clockwise end of each arc labyrinth plate (4a) and the upper surface of the right evacuation wing plate (3); the counterclockwise end of each arc labyrinth plate (4a) is integrally connected to the right vertical plate (6), and a right bubble confluence gap (11.1) is formed on the lower side of the connection with the right vertical plate (6) to the vertical steam evacuation channel (10) that is laterally connected. A left water replenishment gap (11.6) is formed between the counterclockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate (4d) and the upper surface of the left evacuation wing plate (2); the clockwise end of each d-segment arc labyrinth plate (4d) is integrally connected to the left vertical plate (5), and a left bubble confluence gap (11.7) is formed on the lower side of the connection with the left vertical plate (5) to the left bubble confluence channel (10) that is laterally connected.

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