A method, apparatus, device, and medium for safety measurement of a multiphase flow pipeline

Abstract

The application discloses a safety measurement method, device and equipment of a multiphase flow pipeline and a medium, relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, and comprises the following steps: applying an alternating excitation signal to different electrode systems arranged on a target pipeline to obtain first electric impedance spectrum data and second electric impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline in a multiphase flow state. The first electric impedance spectrum data is converted into a complex dielectric constant, and a relaxation frequency is determined from the complex dielectric constant; according to the relationship between the relaxation frequency and the particle size, the crystal particle size is determined. According to the crystal particle size and the erosion time, the erosion loss is determined. The equivalent circuit model matched with the second electric impedance spectrum data is fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics. Based on the electric impedance spectrum technology, the accurate measurement of the particle size and the erosion corrosion of two scenes is realized, the method has the characteristics of simple operation, non-invasiveness and high measurement precision, and the safety transportation of the two-phase flow pipeline is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of oil extraction technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for measuring the safety of multiphase flow pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has become an important tool for material characterization and process monitoring due to its non-destructive and high-sensitivity characteristics. In the field of oil extraction, fracturing technology is a key means to improve the recovery rate of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, and its operational effectiveness directly affects oil and gas extraction efficiency and economic benefits.

[0003] The performance of fracturing fluids largely depends on the physical properties of the solid particles they carry, with particle size distribution being a key parameter. The plugging effectiveness of nanoscale particles and the conductivity of micron-sized proppant are both strictly dependent on their specific particle size ranges. Inappropriate particle size distribution can easily lead to fracture bridging, proppant embedding, or ineffective migration, severely impacting fracturing efficiency. Simultaneously, solid particles in high-speed flow can induce erosion and wear, resulting in pipe wall thinning and sealing failure; corrosive media under high temperature and pressure conditions cause electrochemical corrosion of materials, leading to localized pitting corrosion and even stress corrosion cracking. More seriously, there is a synergistic effect between erosion and corrosion, with both promoting each other to form scouring corrosion, significantly accelerating material failure rates. This makes the overall equipment failure rate far higher than that of a single factor, becoming a critical challenge restricting safe operation and equipment lifespan, necessitating the development of effective real-time monitoring and control methods.

[0004] It is evident that how to achieve particle size measurement and erosion corrosion behavior monitoring is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for measuring the safety of multiphase flow pipelines, which can realize particle size measurement and erosion corrosion behavior monitoring.

[0006] This application provides a safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines, including: A first AC excitation signal is applied to a first electrode system disposed on the target pipe to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe in a multiphase flow state. A second AC excitation signal is applied to the second electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal; The first impedance spectrum data is converted into the complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity. The crystal particle size was determined based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size. The scouring loss is determined based on the crystal particle size and scouring time. The corrosion characteristics were determined by fitting the equivalent circuit model based on the second impedance spectrum data.

[0007] On one hand, a first AC excitation signal is applied to the first electrode system disposed on the target pipe to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe under multiphase flow conditions, including: A first AC excitation signal is applied to two plate electrodes set on the target pipe, and first impedance spectrum data is obtained from the two needle electrodes.

[0008] On one hand, a second AC excitation signal is applied to the second electrode system installed on the target pipe to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe under multiphase flow conditions, including: A second AC excitation signal is applied to the working electrode and the counter electrode of the three-electrode system set on the target pipeline, and second electrical impedance spectrum data is obtained from the working electrode and the reference electrode.

[0009] On the one hand, the first impedance spectrum data is converted into the complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity, including: Based on the conversion relationship between electrical impedance spectrum data and complex conductivity, the first electrical impedance spectrum data is converted into complex conductivity. The complex permittivity is determined based on the complex conductivity and the DC conductivity. The peak value of the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity is taken as the relaxation frequency.

[0010] On the one hand, based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size, the crystal particle size is determined, including: The relaxation frequency is processed using the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size to obtain the crystal particle size; the functional relationship is as follows: ; in, Indicates the relaxation frequency. Indicates the thickness of the electric double layer. x Indicates the crystal grain size. n This indicates the concentration index.

[0011] On the one hand, based on the crystal particle size and scouring time, the scouring loss is determined, including: Based on the power-law relationship between particle size and erosion wear rate, the erosion wear rate corresponding to the crystal particle size is determined. The product of the scouring wear rate and the scouring time is taken as the scouring loss.

[0012] On the one hand, the equivalent circuit model matched with the second impedance spectrum data is fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics, including: Based on the frequency response characteristics of the second impedance spectrum data at different times under the first temperature, a first equivalent circuit model is constructed. The first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain the first corrosion parameter; wherein, the first corrosion parameter includes the double layer charge transfer resistance value; Based on the frequency response characteristics of the second impedance spectrum data at different times under the second temperature, a second equivalent circuit model is constructed; wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain the second corrosion parameters; wherein, the second corrosion parameters include the double layer charge transfer resistance value and the product film resistance value. Corrosion characteristics are determined based on the changes in the first and second corrosion parameters at different times.

[0013] This application embodiment also provides a safety measurement device for a multiphase flow pipeline, including a first application unit, a second application unit, a conversion unit, a particle size determination unit, a scour loss determination unit, and a corrosion characteristic determination unit; The first application unit is used to apply a first AC excitation signal to the first electrode system disposed on the target pipe in order to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe in a multiphase flow state. The second application unit is used to apply a second AC excitation signal to the second electrode system disposed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal; The conversion unit is used to convert the first impedance spectrum data into the complex permittivity and determine the relaxation frequency from the complex permittivity. The particle size determination unit is used to determine the particle size of crystal particles based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size. The scouring loss determination unit is used to determine the scouring loss based on the crystal particle size and scouring time. The corrosion feature determination unit is used to fit the equivalent circuit model matched with the second impedance spectrum data to determine the corrosion features.

[0014] This application also provides an electronic device, including: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor for executing computer programs to implement the steps of any of the above-described safety measurement methods for multiphase flow pipes.

[0015] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of any of the above-described safety measurement methods for multiphase flow pipelines.

[0016] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described safety measurement methods for multiphase flow pipelines.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, a first AC excitation signal is applied to the first electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions. A second AC excitation signal is applied to the second electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal. The first electrical impedance spectrum data is converted into a complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity; based on the relationship between the relaxation frequency and the particle size, the crystal particle size is determined. Crystal particles will cause erosion wear on the pipe wall, and different particle sizes will cause different degrees of erosion wear. Based on the crystal particle size and erosion time, the erosion loss can be determined. The erosion loss reflects the degree of erosion wear. In order to evaluate electrochemical corrosion, an equivalent circuit model matched with the second electrical impedance spectrum data can be fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics. In this technical solution, by applying an AC electric field excitation to the electrode system arranged in the pipeline, the first electrical impedance spectrum data is collected and the relaxation frequency is analyzed, and the crystal particle size is calculated by combining the preset functional relationship. Simultaneously, second electrical impedance spectroscopy data of the material surface are collected, and the pipeline corrosion behavior is evaluated through equivalent circuit fitting. This scheme achieves accurate measurement of particle size and erosion corrosion scenarios based on electrical impedance spectroscopy technology. It features simple operation, non-invasiveness, and high measurement accuracy, ensuring the safe transport of two-phase flow pipelines. It can be applied to nanomaterial characterization and material corrosion monitoring under extreme environments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a safety measurement method for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a four-electrode system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a three-electrode system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum of silica-containing groundwater and frequency, provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the frequency response of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant of silica-containing groundwater with different particle sizes, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the mass loss of pipe wall material and the variation of particle impact number with particle size under impact at different angles. Figure 8 Nyquist plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 90°C are provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 9 Bode plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 90°C, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 10 Nyquist plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at 220°C at different times are provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 11 Bode plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 220°C, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This application provides a first equivalent circuit model corresponding to electrical impedance spectrum data at 90°C. Figure 13 This application provides a second equivalent circuit model corresponding to electrical impedance spectrum data at 220°C. Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a polarization resistor for different durations provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a safety measurement device for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0021] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may include steps or units not listed.

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] As exploration and development gradually shifts towards deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and complex oil and gas reservoirs, the fracturing operation environment is becoming increasingly harsh, placing higher demands on process control precision and equipment safety. The fracturing operation medium is mostly a high-pressure multiphase flow containing a large number of solid particles, and it is often in harsh conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive components, posing a severe challenge to downhole tools, pipelines, and monitoring equipment.

[0024] The performance of fracturing fluids largely depends on the physical properties of the solid particles they carry, with particle size distribution being a key parameter. Solid particles in high-speed flow can induce erosion wear. Corrosive media under high temperature and pressure can cause electrochemical corrosion of materials. More seriously, there is a synergistic effect between erosion and corrosion, with both promoting each other to form scour corrosion, significantly accelerating material failure rates. Current detection methods only measure particle size, failing to simultaneously measure particle size and monitor scour corrosion.

[0025] Therefore, this application provides a method, apparatus, device, and medium for measuring the safety of multiphase flow pipelines. By applying an alternating electric field to an electrode system arranged within the pipeline, first electrical impedance spectral data is collected and the relaxation frequency is analyzed. The crystal particle size is calculated using a preset functional relationship. Based on the crystal particle size and scouring time, scouring loss can be determined. Scouring loss reflects the degree of scouring wear. Simultaneously, second electrical impedance spectral data of the material surface is collected, and the pipeline corrosion behavior is evaluated through equivalent circuit fitting. This solution achieves accurate measurement of both particle size and scouring corrosion scenarios based on electrical impedance spectroscopy technology.

[0026] This solution can be applied to the production water transportation pipeline system of deep oil and gas fields. The application object can be the production water gathering and transportation pipeline at the production depth of a certain oil field. The pipeline material is N80 steel. The transportation medium is groundwater containing SiO2 particles, which are derived from the stripping of formation rock cuttings. The operating conditions are high temperature and high pressure environment, and the particle size distribution data of SiO2 particles and the corrosion status parameters of the inner wall of the pipeline are acquired simultaneously.

[0027] Next, a safety measurement method for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail. Figure 1A flowchart of a safety measurement method for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in this application embodiment, the method comprising: S101: Apply a first AC excitation signal to the first electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions.

[0028] In practical applications, the working electrode of the electrode system can be set in the erosion-sensitive area of ​​the target pipeline, which may include curved pipe sections, horizontal pipe sections, etc.

[0029] In this embodiment, to achieve particle size measurement and corrosion behavior monitoring, two electrode systems can be configured, referred to as the first electrode system and the second electrode system, respectively. The first electrode system can be a four-electrode system, and the second electrode system can be a three-electrode system.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a four-electrode system provided in an embodiment of this application. The four-electrode system includes two plate electrodes and two needle electrodes. The two plate electrodes can be 40mm × 40mm in size and 30mm apart. The two needle electrodes have a diameter of 0.337mm, are 10mm apart, and are located between the two plate electrodes.

[0031] In practical applications, a first AC excitation signal can be applied to two plate electrodes set on the target pipe, and first impedance spectrum data can be obtained from the two needle electrodes.

[0032] The first AC excitation signal can be an AC excitation voltage. An AC excitation voltage with a frequency range of 1 Hz to 32 MHz is applied to the two plate electrodes, and the impedance spectrum response is obtained from the two needle electrodes. The amplitude of the alternating excitation voltage is 1 V. The first impedance spectrum data can be obtained using an impedance / gain phase analyzer. The first impedance spectrum data includes the real part of the impedance, the imaginary part, and the phase angle.

[0033] S102: Apply a second AC excitation signal to the second electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions.

[0034] The voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is smaller than that of the first AC excitation signal.

[0035] The second electrode system can be a three-electrode system. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-electrode system provided in an embodiment of the present application, including a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode.

[0036] In this embodiment of the application, a second AC excitation signal can be applied to the working electrode and the counter electrode of the three-electrode system disposed on the target pipeline, and second electrical impedance spectrum data can be obtained from the working electrode and the reference electrode.

[0037] By applying a frequency range of 10 -2 Hz to 10 5 An AC excitation voltage of Hz was applied, and the impedance spectrum response was obtained between the working electrode and the reference electrode. The amplitude of the AC excitation voltage was ±5mV.

[0038] In practical applications, a silver chloride needle electrode can be used as the reference electrode, and a platinum sheet as the auxiliary electrode, forming a three-electrode testing system with the tube wall. The platinum sheet serves as the counter electrode, and the tube wall as the working electrode.

[0039] S103: Convert the first impedance spectrum data into the complex permittivity and determine the relaxation frequency from the complex permittivity.

[0040] By analyzing the measured first impedance spectrum data, the relaxation frequency of the impedance spectrum can be obtained.

[0041] In practical applications, the first impedance spectrum data can be converted into complex conductivity based on the conversion relationship between impedance spectrum data and complex conductivity; the complex permittivity can be determined based on the complex conductivity and DC conductivity; and the peak value of the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity can be used as the relaxation frequency.

[0042] Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum of silica-containing groundwater and frequency. Figure 4 It can be seen that the real part of the impedance remains constant below 10 kHz, while above 10 kHz, the real part of the impedance decreases rapidly with increasing frequency. The imaginary part of the impedance of the sample exhibits several peaks in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 100 kHz. This phenomenon demonstrates dielectric relaxation of the suspension under an external electric field, which is typically caused by the polarization delay of the electric double layer relative to a changing electric field. This relaxation is usually described by the dielectric constant as a function of frequency.

[0043] Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of the frequency response of the imaginary part of the complex permittivity of silica-containing groundwater with different particle sizes, as shown in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, in the low-frequency range, when the particle volume fraction is constant, the plateau of the real part of the impedance increases with increasing particle size. This means that the conductivity of the nanoparticle suspension decreases with increasing particle size.

[0044] The dielectric relaxation of nanoparticle suspensions under an alternating electric field can be described by using the dielectric constant as a function of frequency. The dielectric constant curve can be obtained by calculating the dielectric constant value using impedance data.

[0045] For ease of description, the first impedance spectrum data can be simply referred to as impedance, and is expressed as... .

[0046] In practice, the complex permittivity can be obtained by converting the first impedance spectrum data using the following formula.

[0047] impedance and complex conductivity It can be expressed by the following formula: ; ; in, For impedance, For complex conductivity, Let be the real part of the impedance. This represents the imaginary part of the impedance. Let be the real part of the complex conductivity. The imaginary part of the complex conductivity. For frequency.

[0048] The relationship between impedance and complex conductivity is given by the following equation: ; in, The battery constant, For complex conductivity, The impedance is given. For the container used in the experiment, the cell constant is 8.66.

[0049] The complex conductivity is expressed as: ; In the formula, The complex permittivity is... It represents the DC conductivity.

[0050] Considering a suspended charged particle, the complex permittivity can be expressed as: ; in, The dielectric constant of free space, Let be the real part of the complex permittivity. This represents the imaginary part of the complex permittivity.

[0051] After obtaining the complex permittivity, the relaxation frequency can be identified from the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity. In a specific implementation, the peak value of the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity can be used as the relaxation frequency. This represents the relaxation frequency.

[0052] S104: The crystal particle size is determined based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size.

[0053] There is a corresponding functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size. By using the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size, and processing the relaxation frequency, the particle size of the crystal can be obtained; the functional relationship is as follows: ; in, Indicates the relaxation frequency. Indicates the thickness of the electric double layer. x Indicates the crystal grain size. n This indicates the concentration index.

[0054] Double layer thickness It can be calculated using the following formula: , in, It has a double-layer thickness. K B Boltzmann's constant, N A Let Avogadro's constant be 1. F It is Faraday's constant. C 0 represents the molar concentration of the electrolyte. is the dielectric constant of free space (F / m). Let be the relative permittivity of the solvent. T is the absolute temperature (K).

[0055] Boltzmann constant K B The dielectric constant of free space Avogadro's constant N A Faraday constant F All are fixed values.

[0056] Relative permittivity of the solvent absolute temperature T Molar concentration of electrolytes C 0 is a variable. Where, The value is determined by the type of solvent. T Determined by the temperature conditions of the experimental environment, C 0 is determined by the concentration of the electrolyte solution being studied.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 The horizontal axis represents the particle size. The vertical axis represents the relaxation frequency.

[0058] S105: Determine the scouring loss based on the crystal particle size and scouring time.

[0059] To gain a more intuitive understanding of the erosion wear caused by crystal particles, the erosion loss can be determined based on the crystal particle size and erosion time. The erosion loss reflects the degree of erosion wear.

[0060] In practical applications, the erosion rate corresponding to the particle size can be determined based on the power-law relationship between particle size and erosion wear rate.

[0061] The power-law relationship between particle size and erosion wear rate is as follows: ; in, a Represents a proportionality constant. x Indicates particle size, y Indicates the rate of erosion wear. b The exponential coefficient representing the effect of particle size.

[0062] proportionality constant a The influence of particle size is related to factors such as the properties of the pipe wall material and the scouring angle. b The value of is not fixed, but varies with the scouring conditions and material system.

[0063] Once the erosion wear rate is determined, the product of the erosion wear rate and the erosion time can be taken as the erosion loss. The erosion loss represents the loss of mass of the pipe wall material.

[0064] Figure 7 This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the mass loss of pipe wall material and the variation of particle impact frequency with particle size under impact at different angles, as shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 The horizontal axis represents particle size, the vertical axis on the left represents mass loss per hour, and the vertical axis on the right represents the number of particle impacts per hour. From... Figure 7 As can be seen, the number of particle impacts per hour decreases as the particle size increases. Conversely, the mass loss per hour increases as the particle size increases.

[0065] S106: Fit the equivalent circuit model of the second impedance spectrum data to determine the corrosion characteristics.

[0066] To understand the corrosion characteristics at different temperatures, a first temperature can be selected from the medium and low temperature range, and a second temperature can be selected from the high temperature range. For example, the first temperature can be 90℃ and the second temperature can be 220℃.

[0067] The impedance test results are analyzed and fitted using software to obtain the equivalent circuit and the resistance values ​​of each part.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, a first equivalent circuit model is constructed based on the frequency response characteristics of the second electrical impedance spectrum data at different times under a first temperature; the first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain a first corrosion parameter; wherein, the first corrosion parameter includes the double-layer charge transfer resistance value.

[0069] Based on the frequency response characteristics of the second electrical impedance spectrum data at different times under the second temperature, a second equivalent circuit model is constructed; wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain the second corrosion parameters; wherein the second corrosion parameters include the double-layer charge transfer resistance value and the product film resistance value.

[0070] Corrosion characteristics are determined based on the changes in the first and second corrosion parameters at different times.

[0071] The second electrical impedance spectrum data measured at different temperatures and times consisted of Nyquist plots and Bode plots, respectively.

[0072] In practical applications, corrosion tests can be conducted for 1 hour, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, and 48 hours respectively. Figures 8 to 11 The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra of N80 steel at 0.8 MPa, CO2 partial pressure, and different corrosion times are shown. Figures 8 to 11 The examples used are 1 hour, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, and 48 hours. Figure 8 The Nyquist plot of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 90°C is provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 Bode plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 90°C, provided for embodiments of this application. Figure 10 Nyquist plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 220°C, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 Bode plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measured at different times at 220°C, provided for embodiments of this application.

[0073] from Figure 8 It can be seen that the Nyquist plot at 90℃ is semi-circular, exhibiting the characteristics of a single capacitive arc, with the radius of the arc corresponding to the magnitude of the impedance; as time goes on, the impedance gradually increases, indicating that the material's corrosion resistance is enhanced.

[0074] from Figure 9 As can be seen from the Bode plot, the impedance magnitude gradually increases as the scanning frequency decreases from high frequency to low frequency, and the impedance magnitude increases with higher temperature; the phase angle shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and its peak value gradually shifts to the right as the temperature increases.

[0075] Unlike at 90℃, Figure 10 The provided Nyquist plot at 220℃ shows a double capacitive arc characteristic, and its impedance modulus is significantly higher than the former. The capacitive arc at high frequencies is generally related to the formation of corrosion products, while the capacitive arc at low frequencies is related to the corrosion process (i.e., double-layer charge transfer resistance).

[0076] Based on the above characteristics of impedance spectrum, the following is adopted: Figure 12 and Figure 13 The equivalent circuit diagram shown fits the EIS at two temperatures. Figure 12 This application provides a first equivalent circuit model corresponding to electrical impedance spectrum data at 90°C, R. s For solution resistance, CPE dl R is a constant phase angle element generated by the solution / substrate double layer. ct It is the charge transfer resistor of the electric double layer.

[0077] Figure 13 This application provides a second equivalent circuit model corresponding to impedance spectrum data at 220°C. At 220°C, an additional R is added to the circuit fitted at 90°C. f and CPE f R f For the product film resistance, CPE f This is a constant phase angle element corresponding to the product film resistance.

[0078] By fitting the equivalent circuit model, the electrochemical impedance fitting data, i.e., the corrosion parameters, can be obtained, as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Electrochemical impedance fitting data .

[0079] In the embodiments of this application, the product film resistance R can be... f and double-layer charge transfer resistance R ct The sum is defined as the polarization resistance, i.e., R f +R ct .

[0080] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of polarization resistance for different durations provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14It can be observed that the polarization resistance of N80 steel gradually increases over time, which is consistent with the change in the capacitive arc radius in the Nyquist plot. This indicates that as time increases, the polarization resistance increases, and the corrosion rate of the pipe wall decreases. Furthermore, the polarization resistance of the pipe wall at high temperatures is much higher than that at low temperatures, and the corrosion rate is significantly reduced.

[0081] As can be seen from the above technical solution, a first AC excitation signal is applied to the first electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions. A second AC excitation signal is applied to the second electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal. The first electrical impedance spectrum data is converted into a complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity; based on the relationship between the relaxation frequency and the particle size, the crystal particle size is determined. Crystal particles will cause erosion wear on the pipe wall, and different particle sizes will cause different degrees of erosion wear. Based on the crystal particle size and erosion time, the erosion loss can be determined. The erosion loss reflects the degree of erosion wear. In order to evaluate electrochemical corrosion, an equivalent circuit model matched with the second electrical impedance spectrum data can be fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics. In this technical solution, by applying an AC electric field excitation to the electrode system arranged in the pipeline, the first electrical impedance spectrum data is collected and the relaxation frequency is analyzed, and the crystal particle size is calculated by combining the preset functional relationship. Simultaneously, second electrical impedance spectroscopy data of the material surface are collected, and the pipeline corrosion behavior is evaluated through equivalent circuit fitting. This scheme achieves accurate measurement of particle size and erosion corrosion scenarios based on electrical impedance spectroscopy technology. It features simple operation, non-invasiveness, and high measurement accuracy, ensuring the safe transport of two-phase flow pipelines. It can be applied to nanomaterial characterization and material corrosion monitoring under extreme environments.

[0082] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a safety measurement device for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in this application embodiment includes a first application unit 151, a second application unit 152, a conversion unit 153, a particle size determination unit 154, a scouring loss determination unit 155, and a corrosion characteristic determination unit 156. The first application unit 151 is used to apply a first AC excitation signal to the first electrode system disposed on the target pipe in order to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe in a multiphase flow state. The second application unit 152 is used to apply a second AC excitation signal to the second electrode system disposed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline in a multiphase flow state; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal; The conversion unit 153 is used to convert the first impedance spectrum data into the complex permittivity and determine the relaxation frequency from the complex permittivity. The particle size determination unit 154 is used to determine the particle size of crystal particles based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size. The scouring loss determination unit 155 is used to determine the scouring loss based on the crystal particle size and scouring time. The corrosion feature determination unit 156 is used to fit the equivalent circuit model of the second impedance spectrum data to determine the corrosion features.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first application unit is used to apply a first AC excitation signal to two plate electrodes disposed on the target pipe and to acquire first impedance spectrum data from the two needle electrodes.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second application unit is used to apply a second AC excitation signal to the working electrode and the counter electrode of a three-electrode system disposed on a target pipeline, and to obtain second electrical impedance spectrum data between the working electrode and the reference electrode.

[0085] In some embodiments, the conversion unit is configured to convert the first impedance spectrum data into complex conductivity based on the conversion relationship between impedance spectrum data and complex conductivity; determine the complex permittivity based on the complex conductivity and DC conductivity; and use the peak value of the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity as the relaxation frequency.

[0086] In some embodiments, the particle size determination unit is used to call the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size to process the relaxation frequency in order to obtain the crystal particle size; wherein, the functional relationship is as follows: ; in, Indicates the relaxation frequency. Indicates the thickness of the electric double layer. x Indicates the crystal grain size. n This indicates the concentration index.

[0087] In some embodiments, the scouring loss determination unit is used to determine the scouring wear rate corresponding to the crystal particle size based on the power relationship between particle size and scouring wear rate; and to use the product of scouring wear rate and scouring time as the scouring loss.

[0088] In some embodiments, the corrosion feature determination unit is configured to: construct a first equivalent circuit model based on the frequency response characteristics of the second electrical impedance spectrum data at different times under a first temperature; fit the first equivalent circuit model at different times to obtain a first corrosion parameter, wherein the first corrosion parameter includes the double-layer charge transfer resistance value; construct a second equivalent circuit model based on the frequency response characteristics of the second electrical impedance spectrum data at different times under a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature; fit the first equivalent circuit model at different times to obtain a second corrosion parameter, wherein the second corrosion parameter includes the double-layer charge transfer resistance value and the product film resistance value; and determine the corrosion features based on the changes in the first corrosion parameter and the second corrosion parameter at different times.

[0089] Figure 15 The description of the features in the corresponding embodiments can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 The relevant descriptions of the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0090] As can be seen from the above technical solution, a first AC excitation signal is applied to the first electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions. A second AC excitation signal is applied to the second electrode system installed on the target pipeline to obtain the second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal. The first electrical impedance spectrum data is converted into a complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity; based on the relationship between the relaxation frequency and the particle size, the crystal particle size is determined. Crystal particles will cause erosion wear on the pipe wall, and different particle sizes will cause different degrees of erosion wear. Based on the crystal particle size and erosion time, the erosion loss can be determined. The erosion loss reflects the degree of erosion wear. In order to evaluate electrochemical corrosion, an equivalent circuit model matched with the second electrical impedance spectrum data can be fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics. In this technical solution, by applying an AC electric field excitation to the electrode system arranged in the pipeline, the first electrical impedance spectrum data is collected and the relaxation frequency is analyzed, and the crystal particle size is calculated by combining the preset functional relationship. Simultaneously, second electrical impedance spectroscopy data of the material surface are collected, and the pipeline corrosion behavior is evaluated through equivalent circuit fitting. This scheme achieves accurate measurement of particle size and erosion corrosion scenarios based on electrical impedance spectroscopy technology. It features simple operation, non-invasiveness, and high measurement accuracy, ensuring the safe transport of two-phase flow pipelines. It can be applied to nanomaterial characterization and material corrosion monitoring under extreme environments.

[0091] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above embodiments of the safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines.

[0092] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to execute the steps in any of the above embodiments of the safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines when running.

[0093] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0094] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above embodiments of the safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines.

[0095] Embodiments of this application also provide another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above embodiments of the safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0097] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the safety measurement method, apparatus, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for a multiphase flow pipeline provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only intended to aid in understanding the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the safety of a multiphase flow pipeline, characterized in that, include: A first AC excitation signal is applied to a first electrode system disposed on a target pipe to obtain first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe under multiphase flow conditions. A second AC excitation signal is applied to a second electrode system disposed on a target pipeline to obtain second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal; The first impedance spectrum data is converted into a complex permittivity, and the relaxation frequency is determined from the complex permittivity. The crystal particle size was determined based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size. The scouring loss is determined based on the crystal particle size and scouring time. The corrosion characteristics are determined by fitting the equivalent circuit model matched with the second impedance spectrum data.

2. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Applying a first AC excitation signal to a first electrode system disposed on a target pipeline to obtain first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions includes: A first AC excitation signal is applied to two plate electrodes set on the target pipe, and first impedance spectrum data is obtained from the two needle electrodes.

3. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Applying a second AC excitation signal to a second electrode system disposed on a target pipeline to obtain second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipeline under multiphase flow conditions includes: A second AC excitation signal is applied to the working electrode and the counter electrode of the three-electrode system set on the target pipeline, and second electrical impedance spectrum data is obtained from the working electrode and the reference electrode.

4. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Converting the first impedance spectrum data into a complex permittivity and determining the relaxation frequency from the complex permittivity includes: Based on the conversion relationship between electrical impedance spectrum data and complex conductivity, the first electrical impedance spectrum data is converted into complex conductivity; The complex permittivity is determined based on the complex conductivity and DC conductivity. The peak value of the imaginary part spectrum of the complex permittivity is taken as the relaxation frequency.

5. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size, the crystal particle size is determined, including: The relaxation frequency is processed using the functional relationship between relaxation frequency and particle size to obtain the crystal particle size; wherein the functional relationship is as follows: ； in, Indicates the relaxation frequency. Indicates the thickness of the electric double layer. x Indicates the crystal grain size. n This indicates the concentration index.

6. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the crystal particle size and scouring time, the scouring loss is determined, including: Based on the power-law relationship between particle size and erosion wear rate, the erosion wear rate corresponding to the particle size of the crystal is determined. The product of the scouring wear rate and the scouring time is taken as the scouring loss.

7. The safety measurement method for multiphase flow pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equivalent circuit model matched by the second impedance spectrum data is fitted to determine the corrosion characteristics, including: Based on the frequency response characteristics of the second impedance spectrum data at different times under the first temperature, a first equivalent circuit model is constructed. The first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain the first corrosion parameter; wherein, the first corrosion parameter includes the double layer charge transfer resistance value; A second equivalent circuit model is constructed based on the frequency response characteristics of the second impedance spectrum data at different times under the second temperature; wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The first equivalent circuit model at different times is fitted to obtain the second corrosion parameter; wherein, the second corrosion parameter includes the double layer charge transfer resistance value and the product film resistance value; Corrosion characteristics are determined based on the changes in the first corrosion parameter and the second corrosion parameter at different times.

8. A safety measuring device for a multiphase flow pipeline, characterized in that, It includes a first application unit, a second application unit, a conversion unit, a particle size determination unit, a scouring loss determination unit, and a corrosion characteristic determination unit; The first application unit is used to apply a first AC excitation signal to a first electrode system disposed on a target pipe in order to obtain first electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe in a multiphase flow state. The second application unit is used to apply a second AC excitation signal to a second electrode system disposed on a target pipe to obtain second electrical impedance spectrum data of the target pipe in a multiphase flow state; wherein, the voltage amplitude of the second AC excitation signal is less than the voltage amplitude of the first AC excitation signal; The conversion unit is used to convert the first impedance spectrum data into a complex permittivity and determine the relaxation frequency from the complex permittivity. The particle size determination unit is used to determine the particle size of the crystal particles based on the relationship between the relaxation frequency and the particle size. The scouring loss determination unit is used to determine the scouring loss based on the crystal particle size and scouring time. The corrosion feature determination unit is used to fit the equivalent circuit model matched by the second impedance spectrum data to determine the corrosion features.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the safety measurement method for the multiphase flow pipeline as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the safety measurement method for the multiphase flow pipeline as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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