A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method and system based on a tool-workpiece engagement relationship model

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method and system based on tool-work engagement relationship model.The present application includes the space discretization of tool and workpiece geometric model based on distance field and adaptive octree data structure;Establish the material removal simulation model between tool and workpiece, obtain the instantaneous cut contact area of tool at each tool position;Extraction engagement geometric parameters between tool and workpiece;Based on engagement geometric parameters, establish the cutting force prediction model for predicting three-way total cutting force;Recursive least squares method is used to identify cutting force coefficient, and cutting force coefficient is corrected in real time using measured cutting force data, to obtain the cutting force coefficient of rolling update;Construct tool wear model;Tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, and the dynamic modeling of tool wear state is realized.The present application provides a new modeling framework for tool wear model in complex surface numerical control machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent manufacturing and tool wear modeling technology, and in particular to a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method and system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model. Background Technology

[0002] In the five-axis CNC machining of complex curved surface parts, tool wear is a significant factor affecting machining quality, dimensional accuracy, and surface integrity. As cutting time increases, the tool edge gradually dulls, leading to fluctuations in cutting force, increased temperature, and shortened tool life. Accurately identifying and modeling tool wear patterns is crucial for optimizing machining parameters, extending tool life, and achieving intelligent manufacturing.

[0003] Current end mill wear modeling methods mostly rely on empirical or semi-empirical models established for specific tool types and operating conditions, such as ball end mills, nose end mills, or face end mills. While these models can fit wear patterns well under single operating conditions, the model parameters are heavily dependent on the tool geometry and lack universality across tool types. With the widespread application of multi-axis machining technology, traditional models exhibit poor transferability between different tools and struggle to reflect the true wear evolution under multi-pose cutting conditions in the machining of complex curved surfaces.

[0004] Furthermore, existing studies mostly use time, cutting path, or empirical characteristics as wear-driving variables, failing to deeply describe the geometric meshing characteristics and contact evolution laws between the tool and the workpiece. Different tool shapes lead to significant differences in the distribution of the cutting contact area, local loads, and wear mechanisms, making it difficult to generalize models based on single-tool experiments to other types of end mills. Especially in multi-axis dynamic machining, tool posture changes frequently, and meshing relationships are complex, making it difficult for traditional models to continuously track and update the wear state in real time.

[0005] In summary, existing tool wear modeling methods generally suffer from narrow applicability, insufficient versatility, and a lack of dynamic update mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a universal milling cutter wear modeling method and system based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship, enabling wear rolling modeling and dynamic evolution prediction of various milling cutter types within a unified geometric description framework. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the limitations of existing tool wear modeling methods, which are only applicable to a single tool type and lack a universal geometric description, this invention proposes a universal milling cutter wear rolling modeling method and system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model. This method constructs a unified tool-workpiece meshing geometry model to accurately describe the spatial contact relationships of different types of tools during five-axis machining. Combined with a cutting force prediction model, it identifies the cutting force coefficient through rolling, achieving dynamic modeling and rolling updates of the wear state.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, comprising: Obtain the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model; The tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model are spatially discretized based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretized model. Based on the discretized model, an equivalent motion method is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece. Based on the material removal simulation model, the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point is obtained. Based on the instantaneous contact area, the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece are extracted; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness; Based on the meshing geometry parameters, a cutting force prediction model is established to predict the total three-dimensional cutting force; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation. The measured cutting force data during the machining process is collected, and the measured cutting force data is compared with the predicted value of the total three-dimensional cutting force. The recursive least squares method is used to identify the cutting force coefficient in a rolling manner, and the cutting force coefficient is corrected in real time using the measured cutting force data to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient. Based on the rolling updated cutting force coefficient, a tool wear model is constructed that reflects the magnitude of the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process; Based on the tool wear model, tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, and dynamic modeling of tool wear state is achieved based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model are spatially discretized based on a distance field and an adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretized model, including: The workpiece model octree generation process is used to efficiently discretize the workpiece geometry model in simulation to support subsequent cut-in area identification and material removal calculations, including: Import the original geometric model of the workpiece and calculate its bounding box, then construct the root node of the octree; Based on the given resolution, the root node is recursively partitioned; The necessity of refinement for each cell is evaluated by calculating the approximate distance field between the workpiece boundary and the tool path within the cell. When the nearest neighbor tool path of a cell exceeds the threshold, the cell is refined until the minimum cell size is met. To improve computational efficiency, a local refinement strategy is adopted near the tool path, which only performs higher-level subdivision on areas where cutting may occur, while maintaining a coarser resolution for cells far from the machining area, in order to reduce memory and computational overhead. After the partitioning is completed, representative information is stored for each octree node.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, storing representative information for each octree node includes: Each octree node stores pointers to eight child nodes (Octnode* child[8]), pointers to the parent node (Octnode* parent), the number of child nodes (unsigned int childcount), the coordinates of the eight vertices of the node (GLVertex* vertex[8]), the distance field sampling values ​​at the eight vertices (double f[8]), the coordinates of the node center (GLVertex* center), the node depth (unsigned int depth), the node index (unsigned int idx), the node size (doublescale), and the node bounding box (Bbox bb).

[0010] The tool geometry model is a general tool model, which consists of three parts: an upper conical surface, a toroidal surface, and a lower conical surface. It is modeled using seven geometric parameters: tool diameter D, cutting edge fillet radius r, radial offset e of the toroidal surface center, axial offset f of the toroidal surface center, rake angle α, helix angle β, and cutting edge length h.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, based on the discretized model, an equivalent motion method is used to establish a simulation model for material removal between the tool and the workpiece, including: The distance field is defined as the minimum distance dist from any sampling point P to the tool surface, and the minimum distance dist is positive on the outside of the tool surface and negative on the inside of the tool surface. The Boolean operation is performed based on the sign of the minimum distance dist to realize the material removal simulation. The Boolean operation includes union, intersection and difference. The process of material removal is the process of subtracting tool model B from workpiece model A; Boolean operations are used to calculate the following formula; ; In the formula, ∪, ∩, and — represent union, intersection, and difference, respectively; The distance from sampling point P to workpiece model A; The distance from sampling point P to tool model B; Based on the equivalent motion method, the geometry of the machined part is obtained by performing Boolean difference operations on the workpiece model and the tool sweep body; Under the definition of the distance field, the tool moves along the tool path during the five-axis machining process. Boolean operation is achieved by calculating the minimum distance from the workpiece sampling point to the tool surface. This process is transformed into the tool coordinate system, that is, the tool is kept fixed and the workpiece sampling point moves along the sampling point trajectory. The minimum distance from sampling point P to the tool surface is expressed as: , where t is the time parameter, by comparing the distance from the sampling point P to the tool surface and the workpiece surface, and combining the Boolean operation expression to determine whether the material has been removed, thus completing the Boolean operation between the workpiece and the tool sweep body.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction, and the triaxial cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated. The total triaxial cutting force is obtained by integration and summation, including: The cutting edge of the end mill is divided into several micro-elements along the axial direction. The cutting process on each micro-element is regarded as oblique cutting. The forces experienced during the cutting process are divided into shear force and plowing force, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula, These represent the components of the infinitesimal cutting force in the radial, tangential, and axial directions, respectively, with units of N; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; This represents the length of the cutting edge in each micro-element, in mm; This represents the chip width of each micro-element, in mm; This represents the thickness of the undeformed chip in each micro-element, in mm; in, , , All of these must be obtained through material removal simulation; The cutting force components of each infinitesimal element are calculated separately and then integrated and summed to obtain the total three-dimensional cutting force during the machining process, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula, , , These represent the total cutting forces of the tool in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. , , Let X, Y, and Z represent the cutting force components in the axial infinitesimal element corresponding to the j-th cutting edge, respectively. This indicates the current cutting start position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; This indicates the current cutting termination position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; N represents the total number of cutting edges of the cutting tool involved in the cutting process.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cutting force coefficient is identified by recursive least squares method and the cutting force coefficient is corrected in real time using measured cutting force data to obtain the continuously updated cutting force coefficient, including: With the axial height z as the independent variable, the cutting force coefficient is approximately expressed as a cubic polynomial, as shown in the following equation: ; In the formula, These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the radial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the tangential shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the axial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These are constant parameters representing the radial, tangential, and axial plowing cutting force coefficients, respectively. Since the polynomial expression of the cutting force coefficient contains 15 unknown parameters, at least 15 equations are required to solve it, and its expression is shown in the following form: ; In the formula, These represent the average cutting force values ​​obtained from the nth to the nth sampling. These represent the cutting force coefficient equation matrices that match the corresponding samples; Represents the cutting force coefficient matrix. ; By obtaining 15 sets of corresponding cutting force and coefficient equation matrices and solving them using the least squares method, the cutting force coefficients are obtained. The cutting force coefficient is obtained by rolling updates through a recursive least squares algorithm.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a tool wear model is constructed based on the continuously updated cutting force coefficients, reflecting the magnitude of the relative changes in the cutting force coefficients in each direction during the wear process, including: The change in the cutting force coefficient in the form of the second norm is introduced to describe the trend of the overall cutting force variation at different positions of the tool along the axial direction, and is defined as: ; In the formula, This refers to the overall cutting force coefficient of the tool at the axial position z. This represents the shear coefficient of the tangential cutting force at the axial position z; The shear coefficient representing the axial cutting force at axial position z; This represents the radial cutting force shear coefficient at the axial position z. To eliminate the influence of factors such as local fluctuations and feed rate on the identification results, a relative variation coefficient is further introduced to characterize the evolution of the cutting force coefficient during the wear process. Define the relative change coefficient , , This parameter has no unit: ; ; ; In the formula, i represents the number of steps for scroll recognition; , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial shear force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial tillage force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , , , These represent the initial cutting force coefficients in the tangential, radial, and axial directions, respectively, and are obtained through... , , To reflect the impact of tool wear on tangential force, radial force, and axial force; By calculating the relative changes in the cutting force coefficients in each direction during the wear process, the comprehensive impact of tool wear on cutting force characteristics can be reflected.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, based on the tool wear model, tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, including: Tool wear characterization parameters The definition is as follows: ; In the formula, , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification.

[0016] Tool wear characterization parameters As the cumulative cutting length gradually increases, its growth trend is positively correlated with the amount of tool wear.

[0017] This invention also provides a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, comprising: The geometry model acquisition module is used to acquire the tool geometry model and the workpiece geometry model; The discretization model building module is used to spatially discretize the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretization model; The instantaneous cutting contact area acquisition module is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece based on the discretized model using the equivalent motion method, and to obtain the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point based on the material removal simulation model. The meshing geometry parameter acquisition module is used to extract the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece based on the instantaneous contact area; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness; The cutting force prediction model establishment module is used to establish a cutting force prediction model for predicting the total three-dimensional cutting force based on the meshing geometric parameters; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation. The cutting force coefficient rolling update module is used to collect measured cutting force data during the machining process, compare the measured cutting force data with the predicted value of the three-dimensional total cutting force, use the recursive least squares method to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient, and use the measured cutting force data to correct the cutting force coefficient in real time to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear model building module is used to construct a tool wear model that reflects the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process based on the rollingly updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear characterization parameter construction module is used to construct tool wear characterization parameters based on the tool wear model, and to realize dynamic modeling of tool wear state based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The present invention discloses a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method and system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model. It introduces a distance field and an adaptive octree data structure to spatially discretize the tool geometry model and the workpiece geometry model, and implements local densification in the tool trajectory neighborhood. This enables the material removal simulation to maintain high-precision geometric characterization of the instantaneous cutting contact area under complex curved surfaces and five-axis linkage posture changes. While ensuring the accuracy of cutting contact area recognition, it reduces memory usage and computational overhead by maintaining a coarser resolution for units far from the machining area, thus balancing computational accuracy and simulation efficiency.

[0019] This invention establishes a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece based on a discretized model and using the equivalent motion method. The geometry after machining is obtained by Boolean difference operation between the workpiece model and the tool sweep body, and the instantaneous contact area is obtained at each tool position point. Based on the instantaneous contact area, meshing geometric parameters such as the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness are further extracted, so that the tool-workpiece meshing relationship can be expressed with a unified set of geometric parameters, thereby improving the transferability and consistency under different machining methods, different postures, and different tool geometry conditions from the source.

[0020] This invention establishes a cutting force prediction model based on the meshing geometry parameters. The cutting edge is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction. The micro-element cutting process is equivalent to oblique cutting, and the cutting force is decomposed into shear force and plowing force. The radial, tangential, and axial force components of each micro-element are calculated and then integrated to obtain the total three-dimensional cutting force. This modeling path forms a closed-loop correlation between the cutting force prediction and the geometric results of the cutting contact area, which can more accurately reflect the influence of key factors such as the thickness of the undeformed chip and the contact arc length on the cutting force in the machining of complex curved surfaces, and provides a stable and interpretable physical basis for subsequent wear identification.

[0021] This invention collects measured cutting force data during the machining process and compares it with the predicted results of the total cutting force in three directions. It uses the recursive least squares method to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficients and uses the measured cutting force data to correct the cutting force coefficients in real time, forming a set of cutting force coefficients that is continuously updated with the machining process. Furthermore, the cutting force coefficients are represented in polynomial form along the axial height, so that the coefficient updates not only reflect the overall wear trend, but also characterize the wear differences of the tool at different positions along the axial direction, thereby improving the ability of wear modeling to depict spatial distribution characteristics.

[0022] This invention constructs a tool wear model based on a rolling updated cutting force coefficient, reflecting the relative changes in the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process. It introduces a change in the cutting force coefficient in the form of a L2 norm to characterize the overall cutting force change trend, and further defines the relative change coefficients in the tangential, radial, and axial directions to reduce the influence of local fluctuations and feed rate disturbances on the identification results. Based on this, tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, and through the rolling change of these parameters with the cumulative cutting length, dynamic modeling and real-time prediction of the tool wear state are achieved, meeting the needs of online monitoring and process adaptive control.

[0023] This invention realizes a general wear rolling modeling method for multiple types of cutting tools, providing a new modeling framework for tool wear models in CNC machining of complex curved surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is the overall flowchart of the tool wear rolling modeling of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the tool-workpiece meshing relationship modeling process of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the octree generation process for the workpiece model of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tool parameters of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of Boolean operations based on the equivalent motion method of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of tool-workpiece meshing area extraction according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of the cutting-in and cutting-out angle calculation of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the predicted and actual values ​​of the cutting force in the x-direction according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tool wear modeling results of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] In this invention, when directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0036] In this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number. In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrally formed connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection capable of mutual communication; or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0038] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model is presented. This method takes the tool-workpiece geometric meshing characteristics as its core, accurately obtains the geometric parameters of the cutting contact area through material removal simulation, and combines a cutting force prediction model with rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient to achieve dynamic modeling and rolling updates of the tool wear state. Overall, it includes four stages: tool-workpiece geometric meshing relationship modeling, cutting force prediction modeling, model parameter rolling updates, and tool wear state modeling. Each stage forms a closed loop through feedback and correction of geometric-mechanical-wear information, enabling dynamic characterization and evolution prediction of the wear state of different types of milling cutters under complex five-axis machining conditions.

[0039] Specifically, it includes: S1. Obtain the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model.

[0040] S2. Based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure, the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model are spatially discretized to obtain a discretized model.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the tool-workpiece meshing modeling includes geometric modeling, tool trajectory reading, distance field updating, and voxel difference calculation. The relative motion between the tool and workpiece is modeled using the distance field-based equivalent motion method. By updating the voxel Boolean operation results layer by layer, the effective cutting area of ​​the tool is quickly determined, realizing the dynamic material removal simulation of the workpiece and thus extracting the tool-workpiece meshing parameters.

[0042] Specifically, step S2 includes: Reference Figure 3 As shown, the octree generation process for the workpiece model is used to efficiently discretize the workpiece geometric model in simulation to support subsequent cutting contact area identification and material removal calculations, including: Import the original geometric model of the workpiece and calculate its bounding box, then construct the root node of the octree; Based on the given resolution, the root node is recursively partitioned; The necessity of refinement for each cell is evaluated by calculating the approximate distance field between the workpiece boundary and the tool path within the cell. When the nearest neighbor tool path of a cell exceeds the threshold, the cell is refined until the minimum cell size is met. To improve computational efficiency, a local refinement strategy is adopted near the tool path, which only performs higher-level subdivision on areas where cutting may occur, while maintaining a coarser resolution for cells far from the machining area, in order to reduce memory and computational overhead. After partitioning, representative information is stored for each octree node, as shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1. Octree Node Data Structure

[0044] S3. Based on the discretized model, an equivalent motion method is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece. Based on the material removal simulation model, the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point is obtained.

[0045] Specifically, step S3 includes: Reference Figure 4 As shown, the tool geometry model is a general tool model, which consists of three parts: an upper conical surface, a toroidal surface, and a lower conical surface. It is modeled using seven geometric parameters: tool diameter D, cutting edge fillet radius r, radial offset e of the toroidal surface center, axial offset f of the toroidal surface center, rake angle α, helix angle β, and cutting edge length h.

[0046] The distance field is defined as the minimum distance dist from any sampling point P to the tool surface, and the minimum distance dist is positive on the outside of the tool surface and negative on the inside of the tool surface. The Boolean operation is performed based on the sign of the minimum distance dist to realize the material removal simulation. The Boolean operation includes union, intersection and difference. The process of material removal is the process of subtracting tool model B from workpiece model A; Boolean operations are used to calculate the following formula; ; In the formula, ∪, ∩, and — represent union, intersection, and difference, respectively; The distance from sampling point P to workpiece model A; Let P be the distance from the sampling point P to the tool model B.

[0047] Reference Figure 5 As shown, based on the equivalent motion method, the geometry of the machined part is obtained by performing Boolean difference operation on the workpiece model and the tool sweep body; Under the definition of the distance field, during five-axis machining, the tool follows the tool path CL. m -CL n The motion is achieved by calculating the minimum distance from the workpiece sampling point to the tool surface using Boolean operations. This process is then transformed into the tool coordinate system, where the tool remains fixed and the workpiece sampling point moves along the sampling point trajectory.

[0048] Figure 5 In the diagram, the minimum distance from sampling point P to the tool surface is expressed as... , where t is the time parameter, by comparing the distance from the sampling point P to the tool surface and the workpiece surface, and combining the above Boolean operation formula to determine whether the material has been removed, thus completing the Boolean operation between the workpiece and the tool sweep body.

[0049] S4. Based on the instantaneous contact area, extract the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness.

[0050] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the tool-workpiece contact area at each tool position is extracted through material removal simulation.

[0051] Reference Figure 7 As shown, the entry and exit angles of each cutting edge are calculated, and the undeformed cutting thickness and cutting width of each cutting element are determined, thereby realizing the instantaneous cutting geometry.

[0052] S5. Based on the meshing geometric parameters, establish a cutting force prediction model for predicting the total three-dimensional cutting force; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation.

[0053] Specifically, step S5 includes: The micro-element cutting force model is used to predict the cutting force. The cutting edge of the end mill is divided into several micro-elements along the axial direction. The cutting process on each micro-element is regarded as oblique cutting. The forces on the cutting process are divided into shear force and plowing force, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula, These represent the components of the infinitesimal cutting force in the radial, tangential, and axial directions, respectively, with units of N; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; This represents the length of the cutting edge in each micro-element, in mm; This represents the chip width of each micro-element, in mm; This represents the thickness of the undeformed chip in each micro-element, in mm; in, , , All of these must be obtained through material removal simulation; The cutting force components of each infinitesimal element are calculated separately and then integrated and summed to obtain the total three-dimensional cutting force during the machining process, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula, , , These represent the total cutting forces of the tool in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. , , Let X, Y, and Z represent the cutting force components of the j-th cutting edge in the axial infinitesimal element, respectively. This indicates the current cutting start position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; This indicates the current cutting termination position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; N represents the total number of cutting edges of the cutting tool involved in the cutting process.

[0054] S6. Collect the measured cutting force data during the machining process, compare the measured cutting force data with the predicted value of the total three-dimensional cutting force, use the recursive least squares method to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient, and use the measured cutting force data to correct the cutting force coefficient in real time to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient.

[0055] Reference Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment verifies the accuracy of the model by comparing the predicted and measured values ​​of the cutting force. The measured cutting force signal is acquired by a force gauge, recording the force changes in the X, Y, and Z directions during machining. The comparison results show that the predicted and measured values ​​maintain a high degree of consistency in terms of change trend and amplitude, and can accurately reflect the force fluctuation characteristics caused by changes in tool posture and cutting parameters.

[0056] Specifically, to further improve prediction accuracy, a recursive least squares algorithm is used to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient, and the cutting force coefficient is continuously corrected using measured data.

[0057] With the axial height z as the independent variable, the cutting force coefficient is approximately expressed as a cubic polynomial, as shown in the following equation: ; In the formula, These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the radial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the tangential shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the axial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These are constant parameters representing the radial, tangential, and axial plowing cutting force coefficients, respectively.

[0058] Since the polynomial expression of the cutting force coefficient contains 15 unknown parameters, at least 15 equations are required to solve it, and its expression is shown in the following form: ; In the formula, These represent the average cutting force values ​​obtained from the nth to the nth sampling. These represent the cutting force coefficient equation matrices that match the corresponding samples; Represents the cutting force coefficient matrix. ; By obtaining 15 sets of corresponding cutting force and coefficient equation matrices and solving them using the least squares method, the cutting force coefficients are obtained. The cutting force coefficients obtained by the recursive least squares algorithm are used as input parameters for the tool wear model to characterize the dynamic evolution of the wear state during the machining process.

[0059] S7. Based on the rolling updated cutting force coefficient, construct a tool wear model that reflects the magnitude of the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process.

[0060] Specifically, step S7 includes: like Figure 9 As shown, a rolling modeling method for tool wear is established using the variation of the cutting force coefficient. To comprehensively characterize the overall changes in cutting force parameters during tool wear, a variation in the form of the L2 norm of the cutting force coefficient is introduced to describe the overall cutting force variation trend at different positions along the tool axis, defined as: ; In the formula, This refers to the overall cutting force coefficient of the tool at the axial position z. This represents the shear coefficient of the tangential cutting force at the axial position z; The shear coefficient representing the axial cutting force at axial position z; This represents the radial cutting force shear coefficient at the axial position z.

[0061] To eliminate the influence of factors such as local fluctuations and feed rate on the identification results, a relative variation coefficient is further introduced to characterize the evolution of the cutting force coefficient during the wear process. Define the relative change coefficient , , This parameter has no unit: ; ; ; In the formula, i represents the number of steps for scroll recognition; , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial shear force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial tillage force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , , , These represent the initial cutting force coefficients in the tangential, radial, and axial directions, respectively, and are obtained through... , , This reflects the impact of tool wear on tangential force, radial force, and axial force.

[0062] By calculating the relative changes in the cutting force coefficients in each direction during the wear process, the comprehensive impact of tool wear on cutting force characteristics can be reflected.

[0063] S8. Based on the tool wear model, construct tool wear characterization parameters, and realize dynamic modeling of tool wear state based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

[0064] Specifically, the changes in cutting force coefficients in the three directions are synthesized to obtain tool wear characterization parameters. Tool wear characterization parameters The definition is as follows: ; In the formula, , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification.

[0065] Tool wear characterization parameters As the cumulative cutting length gradually increases, its growth trend is positively correlated with the amount of tool wear.

[0066] In summary, this embodiment, based on an improved material removal simulation algorithm, employs a distance field and an adaptive octree data structure to spatially discretize the tool and workpiece models. The equivalent motion method is used to accurately calculate the instantaneous cutting contact area between the tool and workpiece, extracting parameters such as the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed cutting thickness. A general tool-workpiece meshing relationship model is then established, providing accurate geometric input for cutting force modeling.

[0067] Based on the obtained meshing geometry parameters, a cutting force prediction model based on piecewise integration of the cutting edge is established. The model comprehensively considers the tool helix angle, cutting edge inclination angle, and instantaneous cutting thickness variation, calculates the triaxial cutting force components of each micro-element, and obtains the total cutting force by integration and summation, realizing dynamic cutting force prediction under multi-pose five-axis machining.

[0068] During actual machining, force gauge signals are collected, and the measured cutting force is compared with the model's prediction results. The recursive least squares method is used to identify the cutting force coefficients online. By continuously correcting the coefficients, the model can reflect the changes in cutting force caused by tool wear, thus improving prediction accuracy.

[0069] Based on the variation law of the cutting force coefficient, a mapping relationship is established between the rate of change of the cutting force coefficient and the geometric wear of the tool, realizing the rolling characterization of tool wear. Through dynamic analysis of continuous machining data, the tool wear model is dynamically updated, accurately reflecting the evolution trend of tool wear.

[0070] During the process, the geometric models of the machine tool, cutting tool, and workpiece are first imported. The instantaneous meshing parameters of the cutting tool and workpiece are obtained through the material removal simulation module and input into the cutting force prediction module for force calculation. Subsequently, the cutting force coefficient is updated in real time using measured cutting force data. The variation law of the cutting force coefficient is used to characterize the degree of tool wear, realize the rolling correction of the tool wear model, and construct a general modeling system that couples geometry, mechanics, and wear.

[0071] This embodiment achieves rolling tool wear modeling based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model by introducing material removal simulation, high-precision calculation of the cutting contact area, and rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient. This effectively overcomes the problems of insufficient geometric modeling accuracy and poor model versatility in traditional tool wear modeling methods. This method can achieve real-time collaborative updating of the tool-workpiece meshing area and wear state during complex five-axis surface machining, significantly improving modeling accuracy and system adaptability.

[0072] Example 2 Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment provides a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling system based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model. The principle of solving the problem is similar to that of the general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0073] This embodiment provides a general milling cutter wear rolling modeling system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, including: The geometry model acquisition module is used to acquire the tool geometry model and the workpiece geometry model; The discretization model building module is used to spatially discretize the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretization model; The instantaneous cutting contact area acquisition module is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece based on the discretized model using the equivalent motion method, and to obtain the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point based on the material removal simulation model. The meshing geometry parameter acquisition module is used to extract the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece based on the instantaneous contact area; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness; The cutting force prediction model establishment module is used to establish a cutting force prediction model for predicting the total three-dimensional cutting force based on the meshing geometric parameters; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation. The cutting force coefficient rolling update module is used to collect measured cutting force data during the machining process, compare the measured cutting force data with the predicted value of the three-dimensional total cutting force, use the recursive least squares method to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient, and use the measured cutting force data to correct the cutting force coefficient in real time to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear model building module is used to construct a tool wear model that reflects the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process based on the rollingly updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear characterization parameter construction module is used to construct tool wear characterization parameters based on the tool wear model, and to realize dynamic modeling of tool wear state based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0075] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0077] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, characterized in that, include: Obtain the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model; The tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model are spatially discretized based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretized model. Based on the discretized model, an equivalent motion method is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece. Based on the material removal simulation model, the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point is obtained. Based on the instantaneous contact area, the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece are extracted; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness; Based on the meshing geometry parameters, a cutting force prediction model is established to predict the total three-dimensional cutting force; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation. The measured cutting force data during the machining process is collected, and the measured cutting force data is compared with the predicted value of the total three-dimensional cutting force. The recursive least squares method is used to identify the cutting force coefficient in a rolling manner, and the cutting force coefficient is corrected in real time using the measured cutting force data to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient. Based on the rolling updated cutting force coefficient, a tool wear model is constructed that reflects the magnitude of the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process; Based on the tool wear model, tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, and dynamic modeling of tool wear state is achieved based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

2. The general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model are spatially discretized based on a distance field and an adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretized model, including: The workpiece model octree generation process is used to efficiently discretize the workpiece geometry model in simulation to support subsequent cut-in area identification and material removal calculations, including: Import the original geometric model of the workpiece and calculate its bounding box, then construct the root node of the octree; Based on the given resolution, the root node is recursively partitioned; The necessity of refinement for each cell is evaluated by calculating the approximate distance field between the workpiece boundary and the tool path within the cell. When the nearest neighbor tool path of a cell exceeds the threshold, the cell is refined until the minimum cell size is met. To improve computational efficiency, a local refinement strategy is adopted near the tool path, which only performs higher-level subdivision on areas where cutting may occur, while maintaining a coarser resolution for cells far from the machining area, in order to reduce memory and computational overhead. After the partitioning is completed, representative information is stored for each octree node.

3. The general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The storage of representative information for each octree node includes: Each octree node stores pointers to eight child nodes (Octnode* child[8]), pointers to the parent node (Octnode* parent), the number of child nodes (unsigned int childcount), the coordinates of the eight vertices of the node (GLVertex* vertex[8]), the distance field sampling values ​​at the eight vertices (double f[8]), the coordinates of the node center (GLVertex* center), the node depth (unsigned int depth), the node index (unsigned int idx), the node size (doublescale), and the node bounding box (Bbox bb).

4. The general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool geometry model is a general tool model, which consists of three parts: an upper conical surface, a toroidal surface, and a lower conical surface. It is modeled using seven geometric parameters: tool diameter D, cutting edge fillet radius r, radial offset e of the toroidal surface center, axial offset f of the toroidal surface center, rake angle α, helix angle β, and cutting edge length h.

5. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the discretized model, an equivalent motion method is used to establish a simulation model for material removal between the tool and the workpiece, including: The distance field is defined as the minimum distance dist from any sampling point P to the tool surface, and the minimum distance dist is positive on the outside of the tool surface and negative on the inside of the tool surface. The Boolean operation is performed based on the sign of the minimum distance dist to realize the material removal simulation. The Boolean operation includes union, intersection and difference. The process of material removal is the process of subtracting tool model B from workpiece model A; Boolean operations are used to calculate the following formula; ； In the formula, ∪, ∩, and — represent union, intersection, and difference, respectively; The distance from sampling point P to workpiece model A; The distance from sampling point P to tool model B; Based on the equivalent motion method, the geometry of the machined part is obtained by performing Boolean difference operations on the workpiece model and the tool sweep body; Under the definition of the distance field, the tool moves along the tool path during the five-axis machining process. Boolean operation is achieved by calculating the minimum distance from the workpiece sampling point to the tool surface. This process is transformed into the tool coordinate system, that is, the tool is kept fixed and the workpiece sampling point moves along the sampling point trajectory. The minimum distance from sampling point P to the tool surface is expressed as: , where t is the time parameter, by comparing the distance from the sampling point P to the tool surface and the workpiece surface, and combining the Boolean operation expression to determine whether the material has been removed, thus completing the Boolean operation between the workpiece and the tool sweep body.

6. The general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on the tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple infinitesimal elements along the axial direction, and the triaxial cutting force components of each infinitesimal element are calculated. The total triaxial cutting force is obtained by integration and summation, including: The cutting edge of the end mill is divided into several micro-elements along the axial direction. The cutting process on each micro-element is regarded as oblique cutting. The forces experienced during the cutting process are divided into shear force and plowing force, as shown in the following formula: ； In the formula, These represent the components of the infinitesimal cutting force in the radial, tangential, and axial directions, respectively, with units of N; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; This represents the length of the cutting edge in each micro-element, in mm; This represents the chip width of each micro-element, in mm; This represents the thickness of the undeformed chip in each micro-element, in mm; in, , , All of these must be obtained through material removal simulation; The cutting force components of each infinitesimal element are calculated separately and then integrated and summed to obtain the total three-dimensional cutting force during the machining process, as shown in the following formula: ； In the formula, , , These represent the total cutting forces of the tool in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. , , Let X, Y, and Z represent the cutting force components in the axial infinitesimal element corresponding to the j-th cutting edge, respectively. This indicates the current cutting start position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; This indicates the current cutting termination position of the cutting edge in the axial direction; N represents the total number of cutting edges of the cutting tool involved in the cutting process.

7. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recursive least squares method is used to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficients, and the cutting force coefficients are corrected in real time using measured cutting force data to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficients, including: With the axial height z as the independent variable, the cutting force coefficient is approximately expressed as a cubic polynomial, as shown in the following equation: ； In the formula, These represent the radial, tangential, and axial shear force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the radial, tangential, and axial tillage force coefficients of the infinitesimal element, respectively, in N / m². ; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the radial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the tangential shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These represent the cubic polynomial coefficients of the axial shear cutting force coefficient with respect to the axial height z; These are constant parameters representing the radial, tangential, and axial plowing cutting force coefficients, respectively. Since the polynomial expression of the cutting force coefficient contains 15 unknown parameters, at least 15 equations are required to solve it, and its expression is shown in the following form: ； In the formula, These represent the average cutting force values ​​obtained from the nth to the nth sampling. These represent the cutting force coefficient equation matrices that match the corresponding samples; Represents the cutting force coefficient matrix ; By obtaining 15 sets of corresponding cutting force and coefficient equation matrices and solving them using the least squares method, the cutting force coefficients are obtained. The cutting force coefficient is obtained by rolling updates through a recursive least squares algorithm.

8. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the continuously updated cutting force coefficients, a tool wear model is constructed that reflects the relative changes in the cutting force coefficients in each direction during the wear process, including: The change in the cutting force coefficient in the form of the second norm is introduced to describe the trend of the overall cutting force variation at different positions of the tool along the axial direction, and is defined as: ； In the formula, This refers to the overall cutting force coefficient of the tool at the axial position z. This represents the shear coefficient of the tangential cutting force at the axial position z; The shear coefficient representing the axial cutting force at axial position z; This represents the radial cutting force shear coefficient at the axial position z. To eliminate the influence of factors such as local fluctuations and feed rate on the identification results, a relative variation coefficient is further introduced to characterize the evolution of the cutting force coefficient during the wear process. Define the relative change coefficient , , This parameter has no unit: ； ； ； In the formula, i represents the number of steps for scroll recognition; , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial shear force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , They represent the first i The tangential, radial, and axial tillage force coefficients obtained from the secondary identification; , , , , These represent the initial cutting force coefficients in the tangential, radial, and axial directions, respectively, and are obtained through... , , To reflect the impact of tool wear on tangential force, radial force, and axial force; By calculating the relative changes in the cutting force coefficients in each direction during the wear process, the comprehensive impact of tool wear on cutting force characteristics can be reflected.

9. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling method based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the tool wear model, tool wear characterization parameters are constructed, including: Tool wear characterization parameters The definition is as follows: ； In the formula, , , They represent the first i The relative variation coefficients of the tangential, radial, and axial cutting force coefficients obtained from the second identification; Tool wear characterization parameters As the cumulative cutting length gradually increases, its growth trend is positively correlated with the amount of tool wear.

10. A general milling cutter wear rolling modeling system based on a tool-workpiece meshing relationship model, characterized in that, include: The geometry model acquisition module is used to acquire the tool geometry model and the workpiece geometry model; The discretization model building module is used to spatially discretize the tool geometry model and workpiece geometry model based on the distance field and adaptive octree data structure to obtain a discretization model; The instantaneous cutting contact area acquisition module is used to establish a material removal simulation model between the tool and the workpiece based on the discretized model using the equivalent motion method, and to obtain the instantaneous cutting contact area of ​​the tool at each tool point based on the material removal simulation model. The meshing geometry parameter acquisition module is used to extract the meshing geometry parameters between the tool and the workpiece based on the instantaneous contact area; wherein, the meshing geometry parameters include the entry angle, exit angle, depth of cut, cutting width, and undeformed chip thickness; The cutting force prediction model establishment module is used to establish a cutting force prediction model for predicting the total three-dimensional cutting force based on the meshing geometric parameters; wherein, the cutting edge of the tool is divided into multiple micro-element units along the axial direction and the three-dimensional cutting force components of each micro-element unit are calculated, and the total three-dimensional cutting force is obtained by integration and summation. The cutting force coefficient rolling update module is used to collect measured cutting force data during the machining process, compare the measured cutting force data with the predicted value of the three-dimensional total cutting force, use the recursive least squares method to perform rolling identification of the cutting force coefficient, and use the measured cutting force data to correct the cutting force coefficient in real time to obtain the rolling updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear model building module is used to construct a tool wear model that reflects the relative change of the cutting force coefficient in each direction during the wear process based on the rollingly updated cutting force coefficient. The tool wear characterization parameter construction module is used to construct tool wear characterization parameters based on the tool wear model, and to realize dynamic modeling of tool wear state based on the rolling changes of the tool wear characterization parameters.

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